Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travel planner'
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Alaqra, Alaa. "Cell-phone Travel Planner GUI for SpaceTime." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37004.
Full textBarsk, Tove. "Enhanced user experience for a digital travel service and associated intranet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-139059.
Full textBertilsson, Tobias, and Mårten Persson. "Situation-dependent spontaneous mobile information service for travelers." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för telekommunikationssystem, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3586.
Full textExamensarbetet tog fram en demonstrationstjänst för det VINNOVA-sponsrade projekt PIITSA (Personlig Information i Intelligenta Transportsystem genom Sömlös kommunikation och Autonoma beslut). Den används på en handdator och hjälper resenrärer "att komma från A till B i alla fall" genom att ge möjlighet att söka eller lägga in reserutter och övervaka aktuell trafikinformation i samband med dessa rutter, främst avseende kollektivtrafik i Stockholmsområdet. Mervärdet består i att resenären blir varnat automatiskt om någonting händer längs de valda rutterna och ges möjlighet att få en ny rutt. Applikationen kan användas i skarp läge.
Primary contact: Markus Fiedler, +46 708 537339
Murtagh, Shemane. "Understanding school travel behaviour : an application of the theory of planned behaviour and the construct of habit." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18870.
Full textMokwena, Ofentse Hlulani. "Understanding student travel preferences in Mahikeng: A hybrid choice modelling approach within the theory of planned behaviour." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30001.
Full textKing, Jeff. "Requirements for a Nationwide Intermodal Trip Planner in the US." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34774.
Full textMaster of Science
Nyblom, Åsa. "Making travel sustainable with ICT? : The social practice of travel planning and travel information use in everyday life." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154474.
Full textDenna avhandling tar resenärens perspektiv, och undersöker från vardagslivets horisont hur resor egentligen planeras, och hur information används när de många, ofta obemärkta, vardagsresorna görs i staden. Etnografiska fältstudier i södra Stockholm, gjorda och analyserade med ett praktikteoriperspektiv, visar att människor använder sig av många olika typer av information för att planera och genomföra sina resor. Därför bör begreppet reseinformation definieras vitt nog att rymma både informella, formella, analoga och digitala typer av reseinformation. Först då är det möjligt att iaktta interaktioner mellan dessa, och också se informationens eventuella potential som förändringsfaktor för hållbart stadsresande. Även situationer när reseinformation inte används uppmärksammas och diskuteras. Reseplanering är i vardaglig praktik något som sker lite i taget, i mellanrummen mellan andra sysslor och aktiviteter. Det är en process mer förgrenad i tid, rum och innehåll än den avgränsade sökning efter information om bästa sättet att ta sig mellan A och B som många existerande IT-baserade reseplanerare verkar förutsätta och i dagsläget assisterar. Reseplanering är starkt knutet till den övergripande planeringen av aktiviteter i livet, och reseplanering har därför oftast ett vidare tidsspann än endast en resa. Planering av resor inkluderar även hänsyn till faktorer som nödvändiga förberedelser (saker att göra innan avfärd/ta med sig på resan); hantering av fordon och bagage i tid och rum (få hem cykeln/bilen igen eller få den säkert parkerad); vädret (nuvarande och prognostiserat); sociala relationer (potentialen för konflikter/positiv samvaro vid olika färdmedelsval); sociala normer (om gott föräldraskap eller hur man för sig på kollektiva färdmedel); och hälsoaspekter (vilja till motion eller oförmåga att gå i trappor). Fältarbetet gjorde tydligt att reseinformation ibland används som en snuttefilt – något att ty sig till och hålla i handen på okänt territorium tills du har kommit till målet för din resa. Reseplanering kan också, beroende på livssituation, antingen upplevas och liknas vid husbygge med prefabricerade element – samma standardiserade, välkända bitar sammanfogas på ungefär samma sätt varje gång; eller också ett korthus – om någonting ändras brakar hela huset ihop, och måste byggas upp igen med en helt annan design. Under de senaste decennierna har det skett en snabb utveckling av IT-lösningar på transportområdet. Olika typer av reseinformationstjänster har föreslagits som ett verktyg för att ändra resebeteenden och därmed minska transporters miljöpåverkan. Med utgångspunkt från studiens 6 empiriska insikter i hur reseplanering går till i praktiken, och hur reseinformation används blir det tydligt att morgondagens reseplanerartjänster, om de kopplades ihop med andra digitala system vi använder i vår vardag, skulle kunna utformas på ett sätt som utvidgar systemets "assistanshorisont" för att bättre passa ihop med reseplaneringspraktikerna i vår vardag. Potentialen och rollen för reseinformationstjänster och IT i arbetet med att minska transporters miljöpåverkan bör diskuteras från ett perspektiv som är kritiskt till alltför linjära och instrumentella utgångspunkter, vilket denna avhandling bidrar till.
QC 20141030
Jiang, Changyun. "Mixed-use residential development and its effects on the travel behaviour of residents findings from case studies in Beijing /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31597397.
Full textZucchini, Elena. "Students’ holiday air travel behaviors: a flyer’s dilemma." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444564.
Full textStark, Juliane, Wolfgang J. Berger, and Reinhard Hössinger. "The effectiveness of an intervention to promote active travel modes in early adolescence." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72335.
Full textAmaro, Suzanne Fonseca. "Determinants of online travel purchase intentions: a holistic approach." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12479.
Full textOnline travel shopping has attracted researchers due to its significant growth and there is a growing body of literature in this field. However, research on what drives consumers to purchase travel online has typically been fragmented. In fact, existing studies have largely concentrated on examining consumers’ online travel purchases either grounded on Davis’s Technology Acceptance Model, on the Theory of Reasoned Action and its extension, the Theory of Planned Behaviour or on Roger’s model of perceived innovation attributes, the Innovation Diffusion Theory. A thorough literature review has revealed that there is a lack of studies that integrate all theories to better understand online travel shopping. Therefore, based on relevant literature in tourism and consumer behaviour, this study proposes and tests an integrated model to explore which factors affect intentions to purchase travel online. Furthermore, it proposes a new construct, termed social media involvement, defined as a person’s level of interest or emotional attachment with social media, and examines its relationship with intentions to purchase travel online. To test the 18 hypotheses, a quantitative approach was followed by first collecting data through an online survey. With a sample of 1,532 Worldwide Internet users, Partial Least Squares analysis was than conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the data and empirically test the hypothesized relationships between the constructs. The results indicate that intentions to purchase travel online is mostly determined by attitude towards online shopping, which is influenced by perceived relative advantages of online travel shopping and trust in online travel shopping. In addition, the findings indicate that the second most important predictor of intentions to purchase travel online is compatibility, an attribute from the Innovation Diffusion Theory. Furthermore, even though online shopping is nowadays a common practice, perceived risk continues to negatively affect intentions to purchase travel online. The most surprising finding of this study was that Internet users more involved with social media for travel purposes did not have higher intentions to purchase travel online. The theoretical contributions of this study and the practical implications are discussed and future research directions are detailed.
A compra de viagens online tem atraído investigadores dado o seu significativo crescimento e existe uma crescente literatura nesta área de investigação. Contudo, estudos sobre o que motiva consumidores a comprar online têm sido fragmentados. De facto, os estudos existentes em grande parte baseiam-se no Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia de Davis, no Teoria da Ação Refletida, na Teoria do Comportamento Planeado ou na Teoria de Difusão de Inovações de Roger. Uma extensa revisão da literatura permitiu revelar que há uma falta de estudos que integram todas as teorias para a melhor compreensão da compra de viagens online. Deste modo, baseado em literatura relevante na área de Turismo e de comportamento do consumidor, este estudo propõe e testa empiricamente um modelo integrado para explorar quais os fatores que afetam a intenção de comprar viagens online. Mais, propõe um novo constructo, designado de envolvimento com social media, definido como o nível de interesse ou ligação emocional com social media, examinando a sua relação com a intenção de compra de viagens online. Foi utilizada uma abordagem quantitativa para testar as 18 hipóteses, recolhendo dados através de um questionário disponível online. Com uma amostra de 1532 utilizadores mundiais de Internet, o método de Partial Least Squares foi utilizado para verificar a validade e fiabilidade dos dados e testar as relações formuladas entre os constructos. Os resultados indicam que as intenções de comprar viagens online são maioritariamente determinadas pela atitude em relação à compra de viagens online, que por sua vez é influenciada pelas vantagens relativas percebidas e pela confiança na compra de viagens online. Os resultados também revelam que o segundo preditor mais importante das intenções de comprar viagens online é a compatibilidade, um atributo da Teoria de Difusão de Inovações. Por outro lado, apesar de a compra de viagens online ser atualmente uma prática comum, o risco percebido continua a afetar negativamente a intenção de comprar viagens online. Um dos resultados mais surpreendentes deste estudo foi que utilizadores de Internet mais envolvidos com social media relacionados com viagens não tinham maiores intenções de comprar viagens online. As contribuições teóricas deste estudo e as implicações práticas são discutidas e linhas de investigação futura são apontadas.
Vinit-Dunand, Florence. "Phytotoxicité et transfert sol-plante des éléments traces métalliques : influence de l'alimentation minérale." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2047.
Full textThe first aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of copper excess effects on photosynthesis and growth of plants. Growth inhibition of cucumber plants by low copper excess induce photosynthesis inhibition. By strong copper contamination the photosynthesis and the growth are directly altered. The storage of metals in the roots seems to be a shoots protection strategy for plants. An other aim of this work was to bring about the influence of sulphur supply on phytotoxicity and soil to plant copper transfers. A sufficient sulphur nutrition gives a slight protection for leaf expansion of cucumber contaminated by low copper excess. This positive influence is not linked with modification of soil to plant copper transfers. The hypothesis would be that the mechanisms of protection and detoxification such as ascorbate-glutathion cycle or phytochelatins could be involved
Hannache, Badreddine. "La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114804/document.
Full textUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones
Jiang, Changyun, and 蔣昌芸. "Mixed-use residential development and its effects on the travel behaviour of residents: findings from casestudies in Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31597397.
Full textKolbas, Aliaksandr. "Traits phénotypiques et développement de plantes exposées aux éléments traces; utilisation pour la phytoremédiation et l biosurveillance." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14590.
Full textThis work aimed at assessing sustainable phytoremediation options for trace element-contaminated soils. It includes both the assessment of initial and residual risks (biomonitoring) and long-term sustainable decontamination options using plants and associated microbes, especially aided phytoextraction with the secondary purposes of producing plant-based feedstock and restoring ecosystem services. Copper phytotoxicity, the improving role of soil conditioners, and plant tolerance were tested using a bioassay as well as a fading technique. The usefulness of a mutant line of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and a motherline of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) for the biomonitoring of Cu-contaminated soils was investigated. Biochemical parameters in relation to antioxidant status of plants and molecular responses to Cu excess generally showed a greater sensitivity than morphologic ones. Tobacco has a higher Cu tolerance than sunflower. Endophytic bacteria from various sources, notably from the seeds of metallicolous populations of grasses (Agrostis capillaris) can promote the growth of sunflower and tobacco exposed to Cu excess. For annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with an excluder phenotype, increase in shoot Cu removal occurred primarily through increase in shoot biomass, rather than in shoot Cu concentration. Therefore, attention in field trials was paid to agricultural practices. Various improving options were tested in situ: application of soil amendments, the use of mutant lines and somaclonal variation, cultivars and crop rotation, bioaugmentation, fertilization, irrigation, etc. Two mutant lines and some commercial cultivars of sunflower as well as the motherline of tobacco showed a high potential for Cu phytoextraction as well as for plant-based feedstock. Ecological restoration options for Cu-contaminated soils based on phytoextraction using annual Cu-secondary accumulator plants with a high shoot biomass would (1) result in the progressive decontamination of Cu-contaminated soils during crop rotations, (2) provide a financial return through biomass valorization, and (3) promote ecosystem services
Lima, Valéria Ferreira Santos de Almada. "QUALIFICAÇÃO E EMPREGO NO BRASIL: uma avaliação dos resultados do PLANFOR." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2004. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/765.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Une étude sur la relation entre l emploi et la qualification à partir d une évaluation des résultats du PLANFOR au Maranhão. On récupère une partie essentielle du débat théorique au tour des déterminants du chômage aussi bien que des tendances de l emploi et de la qualification du travail humain en face du progrès technologique. On analyse historiquement le processus de structuration et de développement de l Éducation Professionnelle au Brésil, en mettant l accent sur la configuration assumée par le Système Brésilien d Éducation Professionnelle à partir la décennie de 1990 et pour l espace occupé par le PLANFOR dans ce système. On analyse les contextes international et national de crise, de restructuration capitaliste et de changement au monde du travail qui ont motivé l émergence du PLANFOR aussi bien que la conception théorique et idéologique sur lesquelles est axée cette politique. On fait quelques considérations sur le profil et les tendances du marché du travail au Maranhão à la décennie de 1990, suivies d une brève exposition du processus d exécution des Plans Étatiques de Qualification du Maranhão (PEQs- MA), en concentrant l analyse sur les resultats des actions de qualification développées à la période de 1996 à 2000, surtout sur le point de vue des changements plus objectifs observés aux conditions d emploi et de revenu des travailleurs favorisés.
Estudo da relação entre emprego e qualificação a partir de uma avaliação dos resultados do PLANFOR no Maranhão. Recupera-se parte essencial do debate teórico em torno dos determinantes do desemprego e das tendências do emprego e da qualificação do trabalho humano frente ao avanço tecnológico. Analisa-se historicamente o processo de estruturação e desenvolvimento da Educação Profissional no Brasil, com especial destaque para a configuração assumida pelo Sistema Brasileiro de Educação Profissional a partir da década de 1990 e para o espaço ocupado pelo PLANFOR neste Sistema. Analisam-se os contextos internacional e nacional de crise, de reestruturação capitalista e de mudanças no mundo do trabalho que motivaram a emergência do PLANFOR, assim como a concepção teórico-ideológica na qual está respaldada esta política. Tecem-se algumas considerações acerca do perfil e das tendências do mercado de trabalho no Maranhão na década de 1990, seguidas de breve resgate do processo de implementação dos Planos Estaduais de Qualificação do Maranhão (PEQs-MA), canalizando o foco da análise para os resultados das ações de qualificação desenvolvidas no período de 1996 a 2000, especialmente do ponto de vista das mudanças mais objetivas observadas nas condições de emprego e renda dos trabalhadores beneficiados.
Planquart, Pierre (19. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert des métaux en traces dans le système boue compostée-sol-plante et recherche de perturbations induites." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11012.
Full textSablayrolles, Caroline. "Etude fondamentale de transferts des composés traces organiques aux plantes : cas des systèmes amendés par des boues d'épuration." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT024A.
Full textThe first part of this work concerns an anlytical study of the trace organic compounds contained in the soil, sewage sludges and plants. These were : auromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls, phthalates, nonylphenol ethoxylates and laurylalkylbenzene sulfonates; The pre-treatment, extraction, purification and analysis of samples has been optimized in order to obtain the most appropriate, reliable protocol to characterize the trace organics for the particular type of matrix or compound. The extraction uses a Soxtec apparatus which is fast, economical and safe. Purification is by solid phase cartridges, specific to the extraction technique. Analysis is by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer and/or by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a fluorimetric detector. Both these techniques are sensitive and selective and permit very low limits of detection. The second part of the work concerns a study of the uptake of the organics in containers of plants. An aquiculture study where all the parameters are controlled has enabled validation of the analytical choices. For the in-soil studies the trace organics in question have been introduced via residual urban sludges. Plant growth monitoring (carrots and tomatoes), shows that the addition of sludge increases plant production. The initial levels of trace organics in the plant containers have been compared to those found in the plants; the percentage uptake of trace organics is low. Finally, the results obtained have been incorporated into a life cycle analysis on the environmental impact of two agronomic, sludge use sectors, from the dewatered sludge through to plant production, using plants growing in containers
Boulogne, Isabelle. "Evaluation du potentiel insecticide et antifongique sur Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) d'une sélection de plantes à usages etnopharmacologiques TRAMIL." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0469/document.
Full textLeaf-cutting ants are fungus-growing ants.Their geographie distribution ranges from southern United States to northern Argentina, incIuding the West Indies, Economic losses due to these ants were estimated at several million dollars per year. The latter statement makes they are considered as one of the most important pest species of the agricultural productions (Cameron & Riggs, 1985 ; Fowler et al., 1986). In (Guadeloupe, the most important invasive pest species which caused important losses in forests, gardens and field crops is 'cassava ant' (Acromyrmex octospinosus Reich). These huge losses required to use, synthetic chemical pesticides to control these leaf-cutting ants, the consequence of which is, irreversible' injuries on environment and on human health. As a matter of fact, this situation has prompted an increasing interest in alternative methods for pest control like plants with pesticide used. The main objective of this thesis is to know if traditional ethnopharmacological TRAMIL uses could help to fight against this ant and against the symbiotic fungus, Leucocoprinus gongylophorus (Heim) . Moeller. Methods used and presented in this work aIIowed to observe effects of selected plant uses on mortality and insect's behavior. The protocols performed were selected for their potentiality to detect the different types of insecticidal effects (contact toxicity, repellent effect, toxicity by ingestion, fungicidal or fungistatic). Six traditional plant uses of five plants were tested on the ant : Mammea americana L., Nerium oleander L., Nicotiana tabacum L.,Rollinia mucosa (Jacq) Baill. and Trichilia pallida Sw.Five other plants uses were tested on the fungus:Allium cepa L.,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.,Manihot esculenta Crantz and Senna alata (L.) Roxb.The obtained résults provide us with some interesting trails to fight against this pest
Gaio, Alexander. "What Moves You? : A Study of Mode Shift Motives in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278525.
Full textVad är det som får människor att ändra sitt primära transportsätt och upprätthålla förändringen trots avsaknad av incitament? Att övergå till mer hållbara transportsätt är en vision som delas av många kommunala, regionala, nationella och internationella organ runt om i världen men det är svårt att ändra individers beteende, särskilt när det inte finns något incitament till en förändring. Genom att förstå hur individer fattar beslut om sitt planerade beteende och att fastställa vilka tillfällen man som individ är mer öppen för att ta till sig nya resvanor, öppnas möjligheter för att påverka resvanor i en mer hållbar riktning. Denna studie fokuserar på individer som har bytt bostad, i syfte att förstå om flytten fungerar som en katalysator för ett förändrat transportbeteende. Den studerar vidare om utvecklingen mot ett minskat bilanvändande enligt riktlinjerna för Stockholms Gröna parkeringstal har skapat en förändring mot mer hållbara transportsätt. Genom att använda undersökningar och intervjuer baserade på beteendeteori är det möjligt att förstå hur individer ändrar sitt transportsätt. Uppgifterna som samlas in visar också hur individer kan ha en preferens för ett visst transportsätt och hur policyer kan arbeta för att övertyga dem att välja ett annat. Resultaten rekommenderar att man identifierar åtgärder för ett mer hållbart transportsätt och riktar in dessa till rätt personer vid rätt tidpunkt, i syfte att maximera effekten. De rekommenderar vidare att information tillgänglig i officiella databaser, och som är tillåten att användas inom dagens regelverk, kan användas för att implementera detta.
Guigues, Stéphanie. "Caractérisation des interactions physico-chimiques entre le cuivre et les racines comme base de développement d'un modèle d'évaluation de la phytodisponibilité des éléments traces." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4307.
Full textThis study has been dedicated to the development of a new modeling approach of trace element phytoavailability, focusing on binding reactions between trace element and plant roots. This approach was used to predict copper (Cu) adsorption on wheat and tomato roots. Several analytical techniques (acid-base titrations, nuclear magnetic resonance of carbon 13, X-ray absorption spectroscopy) were used and crossed with modeling results. At first, plant root reactivity was characterized. Because plant roots are consist of cell walls and plasma membranes, the relative contribution of these two compartments in root binding properties was evaluated. The study was then focused on Cu binding reactions on roots and the effects of physico-chemical conditions (pH, ionic strength, presence of cations) on copper binding. The model has been set thanks to results on root characterization obtained and the acquisition of a set of experimental data on Cu binding. It has been shown that binding properties of wheat and tomato roots came from both cell walls and plasma membranes. Copper speciation in roots was shared, almost evenly, between cell wall pectic compounds and proteins embedded in cell walls and plasma membranes. A model, specific to plant roots, has been developed on the basis of a current model dedicated to the humic substances reactivity. The WHAM-Terrestrial Higher Plants model presented in this study is a first step towards a new tool for assessing the availability of trace elements for plants
Leroy, Marie-Charlotte. "Etude intégrée de l'abattement en contaminants dans un système eau/sol/plantes. Problématique des aménagements de voirie urbaine." Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUES027.
Full textBerthelot, Charlotte. "Les endophytes bruns septés dans les sols pollués aux éléments traces métalliques (ETM) : caractérisation, effet sur les plantes et mécanismes de tolérance aux ETM." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0024/document.
Full textPhytomanagement is a handling method of contaminated sites based on the ability of plants to sequester pollutants. Fungi could favor plant growth in contaminated sites but were far less studied in the context of phytomanagement. Dark septate endophytes (DSE) were reported to improve plant tolerance against metallic trace elements (TE). The present work is part of the LORVER project and aims to understand the “plant-DSE-TE”. DSE were isolated from poplar roots growing on TE-contaminated soils and characterized. They belong to Leptodontidium, Phialophora, Cadophora and Phialocephala genera. Three strains were inoculated to birch and poplar in TE-contaminated soils. Leptodontidium sp. improved plant growth with an increase in chlorophyll, P and K concentrations, whereas Cadophora sp. decreased Cd concentration in shoots of birch. Then, Cadophora sp. Fe06, was used with an endomycorrhizal fungus, to co-inoculate ryegrass in a TE-polluted soil. The co-inoculation leads to the decrease of Cd concentration in shoots. Finally, the mechanisms involved in TE-tolerance by DSE were studied through the screening of a library of Leptondontidium sp. insertional random-mutants and an evaluation of the role of melanin against TE stress. The present work highlights the complexity of the interactions between DSE and plants under TE stress. These interactions were influenced by different parameters including plant species, DSE strains, and soil properties. Nevertheless, the ability of DSE to colonize a broad spectrum of plants in different soils and to promote plant growth, suggest that DSE could represent a substantial benefit for the fungus-assisted phytomanagement of polluted soils
Lapie, Clémentine. "Caractérisation de la rhizodéposition du maïs (Zea mays L.) en réponse à la présence d’hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques et d’éléments traces métalliques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0237.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the functioning of the rhizosphere in the context of revegetation of contaminated soils. We evaluated the impact of model contaminants (phenanthrene and cadmium) on maize (Zea mays L.) rhizodeposition to better understand the role of rhizodeposition in the plant's tolerance to this type of abiotic stress. To this end, a system of plant cultivation and rhizodeposit collection was set up to assess the response of maize to pollutant exposure. Our methodological development aimed at placing the plants in conditions as close as possible as those of soil cultivation, while allowing the collection of the two main families of rhizodeposits: root exudates and mucilage. Tools for characterizing the collected rhizodeposits were developed (colorimetric analyses, LC-MS, GC-MS) in order to determine the main families of compounds emitted by roots such as carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins and organic acids. Finally, the role of the molecules highlighted in our experiments on pollutant dynamics was discussed. This study revealed changes in the metabolic profile of rhizodeposition in presence of pollutants and those differences may vary considering the nature of the pollutant (organic or metallic). Cd caused a decrease of almost all compound emissions by maize roots (total carbon, carbohydrates, amino acids). Only proteins did not appear to be affected by the presence of the metal, while the exudation of organic acids increased with Cd exposure. Phenanthrene, on the other hand, increased the quantity of exuded carbon while it decreased the carbon secreted in the mucilage. In addition, it induced an increase in the emission of simple and polymerized carbohydrates, fatty acids and proteins while diffused organic acids decreased. In addition to the presence of pollutants, the development of maize was studied by analysing its rhizodeposition at the 4, 6 and 8-leaf stages. The effect of Cd on exudation seemed to increase from the 6-leaf stage, while that of phenanthrene tended to decrease. On the other hand, the influence of pollutants on mucilage seemed less marked and more constant over time. Finally, many rhizodeposited molecules have been identified as playing a role in the pollutants’ dynamics in the soil and therefore in their tolerance by the plant, in particular through complexation or solubilisation mechanisms
Govindin, Jean-Claude. "Les plantes de service : une alternative au travail du sol dans les systèmes de culture d’ananas." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0725/document.
Full textFor many crops, direct drilling is a well-tried alternative facing the damaging effects of intensive tillage, mainly for environmental causes. But, pineapple (ananas comosus), presents a fragile rooting system which is very sensitive to soil structure. This leads frequently to intensive soil tillage before planting. Direct drilling is not so evident. The aim of this thesis is to give an answer to the feasibility of a no till system for pineapple cultivation, by using a plant with favorable roots traits for compacted soil (re)structuration. This work consisted in evaluating several candidate species, followed by the study, on the field, of the effects the most promising on soil (Stylosanthes guianensis). Finally, through a field experiment, comparing an innovating no till pineapple cultivation system we studied the use effects of Stylosanthes guianensis on the pineapple crop functioning. In a first experiment, Stylosanthes guianensis compared with eight other species (Arachis pintoï, Brachiaria decumbens, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Cynodon dactylon, Eleusine coracana, Pueraria phaseoloides and corn) showed better roots traits for structuring a compacted soil. Measures of average root diameter and root length density are the main implicated roots traits. In a second experiment, the measures of hydraulic conductivity, of the soil void ratio and the analysis of blocks of resin-impregnated soil on the surface distribution of the different type of porosity, all of this showed that Stylosanthes guianensis had increased the soil void ratio and had caused the creation of large-sized cracked porosity, thus contributing to the improvement of the soil structure. Finally, a third experiment involving a comparison between (i) an innovating cultivation system where pineapple is growing in a no till soil after a structuring crop of S. guianensis and (ii) a conventional system with deep tillage (without structuring crop), showed similar fruit yield. This experiment showed evidence that the rooting of pineapple in no till soil benefited from the previous Stylosanthes
Heroult, Julien. "Etude de la biodisponibilité des organoétains en milieu agricole : persistance dans les sols et exposition des végétaux récoltés." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3032.
Full textDue to their biocide and plastic stabilizing properties, organotin compounds (OTC) are widely used in various agricultural, industrial or household activities. In agriculture, direct pesticide spraying or spreading of sewage sludge can lead to soil contamination. As their biocide properties are non specific, OTC remain hazardous for ecosystems as well as for Humans. To assess risks linked to soil contamination, it is of major concern to evaluate OTC fate in the soil – soil solution – plant system. At first, this work dealt with the development and validation of an analytical method for the determination of organotins in soils. This method was then applied to (i) estimate the persistence and degradation schemes of the 6 OTC most frequently detected in the environment (i. E. Butyl- and phenyltins) and (ii) screen OTC in several French agricultural soils. It appeared that OTC half-life time ranged from 24 (TPhT) to 220 days (MBT) and studied orchard and vineyard soils were most of the time contaminated. Finally, OTC phytotoxicity, uptake and fate within maize were studied to estimate their bioavailability towards ultivated vegetables and hazard due to food chain contamination. Our first results point out a significative OTC accumulation in plant
Modeste, Fabrice. "Couplage en ligne de la chromatographie en phase liquide avec la chromatographie en phase gazeuse : application à la détermination de traces d'insecticides pyréthrinoïdes dans des extraits végétaux." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066824.
Full textBelaid, Nebil. "Evaluation des impacts de l'irrigation par les eaux usées traitées sur les plantes et les sols du périmètre irrigué d'El Hajeb-Sfax : salinisation, accumulation et phytoabsorption des éléments métalliques." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a8a097b5-d757-4af1-a2bb-253eaf48bf21/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4003.pdf.
Full textIn the framework of Tunisian strategy for optimizing the treated wastewater reuse (TW), several irrigated agricultural areas have been created. The risk of TW crop irrigation depends on the one hand, to the TW quality and on the other hand, to the soil type and agricultural practices (type and crop rotation). In the El Hajeb area, TW deriving from the Sfax wastewater treatment plant is reused since 1989. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of the TW irrigation on soil and plants. Two soil types were analyzed for they cover the main study area: isohumic calcisol and calcic fluvisol irrigated respectively over 15 and 4 years. Several parameters have been characterized in the studied soils: physicochemical proprieties, geochemistry, major and metallic elements (ME). For both soil sites, two plants types have been sampled; forages plants (sorghum and alfalfa) and perennial plants (olives tree). Contents in major and metallic elements were also analyzed in the Plants samples. TW irrigation has affected both studied soils in different manners. However, in both cases the salinity has been increased. At the calcisol (OTD site), the negative impact of the salinity increase is buffered by the good permeability. For the clayey textured fluvisol (BZ site) irrigated for only 4 years, the salinity increase is more pronounced and the ESP reached the critical level of 15%. If this salinity increase has not affected crop yields by present, it has already inhibited SOM decomposition. For both soil types, the metallic elements (ME) mobility, both in terms of migration with depth or of transfer to the plants, is relatively low and limited to surface soil level. It remains difficult to discern the anthropogenic inputs from natural background of metallic elements. Limiting the study to the surface soil layer only (0-5 cm), it appears that the lateral variability of ME was induced by the irrigation system orientation (surface furrows). Whereas, the ME bioavailability is governed by the SOM level and the distance from the inlet of TW channel. Finally, determination of the rate of ME accumulation in tissues of two forages (alfalfa and sorghum), has shown that the metal uptake level depends mainly on the plant type. While, accumulations of metallic elements in leaves of olive trees are not significant to a statistical point of view
Leroux, Bertrand. "La planification spatiale aux prises avec le droit : le travail d'élaboration des schémas de cohérence territoriale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1115.
Full textIn 2000, the law Solidarity and Urban Renewal aims at refurbishing strategic spatial planning. Local authorities are pushed to group in order to lead the writing of new master plan (schéma de cohérence territoriale). In the following years, 400 SCOT are being studied. This implementation is analyzed through a focus on urban planner works. From 2002 to 2006, interviews with these planners enlighten the master plan creation main phases : create the perimeter, drawing the maps, writing the guidelines.This PHD shows how planners play negotiation and mediation roles through this normative production, how they succeed in raising an agreement on collective rules. This analysis shows that normative planning is not an end but a beginning : Law argument on possible effects of a to-be rule -such as litigation through courts, or master plan cancellation- is a way to organize public decisions and begin negotiation. An historic analysis on law production and master plan elaboration during the last 40 years, today's interests and involvement of the profession on legislative production and law arguments complete the situated-work observation
Herbert, Robin Julian, and Fateme Sohrabi. "Barriers of Traveling with Sustainable Transportation Vehicles : A comparative empirical analysis of leisure travelers’ behavior in Sweden, Germany, and Iran." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172398.
Full textTriboit, Frédéric. "Les métaux dans les bassins autoroutiers du Sud-Est de la France : potentialités de dépollution des eaux et des sédiments par les plantes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11068.pdf.
Full textAmongst the numerous retention ponds alongside motorways from the French concession motorway company ASF, this study focused on a pool of 18 ponds in the South-East of France. The purpose was to determine the major features of the pond functioning beyond structural characters, biotic and abiotic environmental parameters and evaluate the remediation potential of the spontaneous flora. Results showed that water chemistry was not a discriminant pool of data because these parameters were under control of water renewal. However, among the sediment chemical parameters selected, carbonate content was a good discriminant. Pond vegetation showed a classical dynamic of evolution with helophytes following hydrophyte colonization. Amongst the plant taxa, Chara vulgaris was more abundant in carbonated ponds while Chara globularis occurred in less carbonated ponds. A rhizospheric effect was demonstrated enhancing trace elements biodisponibility. However no metal hyperaccumulation was observed in the analysed aquatic plants. Metal contents in plants were low compared with metal contents in sediments. The highest metal accumulation was obtained in roots of typha. Even if charophytes produced high biomass in the ponds, low levels of trace elements were accumulated in plant tissue. However, plant cover play a stabilization role in the ponds: regarding strong gusts of wind, typical of Mediterranean climate and possible pollutant dispersion, vegetation may improve particles trapping in the ponds
Svensson, Lukas, and David Snällfot. "Transport behaviour of future generations: Plane or train between Malmö and Stockholm?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21342.
Full textThis thesis investigated what influenced student at Malmö Högskola in their choice of train or plane travel between Malmö and Stockholm. The thesis proposed four hypotheses that were investigated: maximization of leisure time, substitute goods, comfort and environmental concern. Data was collected by manufacturing and distributing a questionnaire to 248 students which was analyzed statistically. Environmental concern was found to have less of an influence on the choice of travel means than the other investigated factors, a result consistent with previous research. Cost was found to be the most important factor. Train travel was more common among the sampled population than in the Swedish population. The results were associated with some uncertainty as the population was likely to change their choice of travel means after graduation. The thesis aimed to carry out an initial measurement of the above variables to allow the resulting material to be used in future studies with a generational replacement approach.
Guilhon, Maria Virgínia Moreira. "Avaliação do PLANFOR entre a adesão de sujeitos sociais e a acomodação de interesses em torno da politica : uma trajetoria em direção a tecnificação." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285351.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Estudo sobre o processo de tecnificação da avaliação do Plano Nacional de Qualificação do Trabalhador, desenvolvido de 1995 a 2002, como ação prioritária do governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Inicialmente, trata-se da reforma de Estado na dinâmica de reestruturação capitalista. Aborda-se, após, o modelo ¿pós-burocrático¿ de administração pública, mostrando-se como a avaliação de Políticas Públicas é necessária nesse contexto, apresentando-se sua função e sua lógica. Analisa-se o processo de articulação de interesses de trabalhadores, de empresários e do Estado, especificamente o Ministério do Trabalho, em torno da necessidade de formulação de uma Política de Qualificação Profissional. Mostra-se a trajetória da avaliação do Plano em direção à tecnificação como decorrente da acomodação dos interesses dos sujeitos participantes do Conselho Deliberativo do Fundo de Amparo do Trabalhador, principal instância de decisão quanto às iniciativas públicas ligadas a questão do trabalho. Em seguida, procede-se a uma reflexão sobre a própria arquitetura da avaliação, destacando os principais elementos que mostram essa tomada de direção da avaliação. Por fim, conclui-se com uma reflexão sobre o significado desse processo
Abstract: Étude sur le processus de technification de l'évaluation du ¿Plan National de Qualification du Travailleur¿, mis en exécution de 1995 le 2002, comme une action prioritaire du gouvernement de Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Premièrement, on abord la réforme d'État dans la dynamique actuelle de la restructuration capitaliste. Ensuite, on commente le modèle ¿postbureaucratique¿ de l'administration publique, indiquant porquoi l'évaluation de la politique publique est nécessaire dans ce contexte, présentant sa fonction et sa logique. On analyse le processus d¿articulation d'intérêts des ouvriers, des entrepreneurs et de l'État, spécifiquement le Ministère du Travail, autour de la nécessité de formulation d¿une politique de qualification professionnelle. On trace la trajectoire de l'évaluation du Plan vers la technification comme resultat de la conciliation d'intérêts des participants du ¿Conseil Délibératif des Fonds d¿Appui au Travailleur¿, qui est la principale instance de décision par rapport aux iniciatives publiques concernant à la question du travail. Après, on fait une réflexion sur l'architecture de l'évaluation, détachant les éléments principaux qui montrent cette prise de direction de l'évaluation. Enfin, on conclut avec une réflexion sur la signification de ce processus
Doutorado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Doutor em Economia Aplicada
Hoxha, Valter. "Quelles méthodes pour la gestion durable de la ressource des plantes aromatiques et médicinales ? : Analyse des inventaires historiques en Albanie, modélisation des habitats à partir des traces GPS des cueilleurs et construction d’un observatoire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30069.
Full textMedicinal and aromatic plants in Albania is an economic sector that exerts great pressure on the natural resource and causes the deterioration of the habitats of plants and even puts them at risk of extinction. The overall aim of the thesis is to provide new complementary approaches to improve the knowledge base on PAM resource in Albania. The first part of the thesis deals with the work that had to be made on the existing (inventories and studies) to draw lessons and identify potential gaps. The Work on the Albanian archives covering the period from 1920 to 1986 and various studies conducted between 1988 and 2010 have made it possible to identify the various devices of resource management. A harvestable part was collected as historical data and structured as a database. The second part of the thesis proposes a method of habitat modeling operated from GPS traces of the gatherers using mainly concepts from the "Time Geography." The collection of information is based on a participatory approach (crowdsourcing) involving gatherers as information contributor. GPS tracks are processed and analyzed by a model that uses a set of filters to select only those portions that belong to trace's action of picking in strict sense. Determine the action of gathering come back to indirectly detect the location of a plant. The successive application filters of the instantaneous speed, of the spatio-temporal density, of the surface and the mean variation of angles used to model the collection area (zc) that the aggregation at the different scales used to reconstruct the exploited habitat. The construction of the theoretical model has been translated into the SQL language and implemented in a spatial database to facilitate automated data processing. This model has been tested on three herbs: sage, rosemary and linden. Comparison of the results of modeling, represented as synthetic maps on one side, with the land data (photos georeferenced) on the other, have helped to change the model initially and validate results a second time. Building a database that can integrate the treatment outcome of GPS tracks and historical data archives, while restoring the form of map views or statistics used to demonstrate that it is possible to integrate and crossing data from sources of different nature and origin. Despite a limited number of experimenting, the coupled to the database "BD OPAM" model, laying the first foundations of a monitoring foreshadowing adaptive management of PAM
Gonneau, Cédric. "Distribution, écologie et évolution de l'hyperaccumulation des éléments en traces par Noccaea caerulescens." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0037/document.
Full textNoccaea caerulescens (Brassicaceae) is the main hyperaccumulator of Cd, Ni and Zn, candidate for phytoremediation of contaminated soils. The distribution of the species is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity of environmental factors, especially concerning the soil composition. In addition, significant variations in the hyperaccumulation ability between populations of the species have been observed. Therefore, from a broad sampling in France and its neighboring regions, the aim of this thesis was: i) a better understanding of the ecology of N. caerulescens including soil habitat components, iii) a comparison of the ability of populations to accumulate Cd, Ni and Zn and iii) the assessment of the genetic structure among populations. Our results show that N. caerulescens is widespread in the French mountains and not restricted to the metalliferous sites given the large number of non-metalliferous stations explored. In addition, the prospected stations are characterized by a wide range in the soil composition leading to propose a new classification of N. caerulescens stations. On the accumulation of trace elements in situ, we have shown that the bioavailability of trace elements was not the only factor explaining the observed concentrations in the plant. Moreover, hydroponic cultures highlighted a compromise between carbon allocation and accumulation of trace elements especially in serpentine populations. Finally, the analysis of the neutral genetic structure highlighted three geographic regions highly differentiated, but not consistent with the edaphic type
Lacercat-Didier, Laurence. "Filtration biologique pour la réduction des éléments traces métalliques dans la biomasse du peuplier." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0077/document.
Full textPhytostabilization is a gentle management option for sites polluted by trace elements (TE). Mycorrhizal fungi could assist plants in stabilizing pollutants by increasing the soil-prospected volume and by immobilizing MTE in their hyphae. Within the BIOFILTREE project, several approaches were used to select fungal strains that could be used for enhancing the phytostabilization process. Firstly, the mycorrhizal status of roots of three poplar clones from a TE-polluted site and the fungi associated with the roots were analyzed. The roots were colonized by endomycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and endophytic fungi. Our data also revealed some specific trends, i.e. Hebeloma species was not associated with all poplar genotypes. Secondly, several fungal strains were isolated from polluted sites and their in vitro tolerance to TE was tested. There was a strong inter- and intra-specific variation in metal tolerance. In a greenhouse study, two poplar clones were inoculated with an endomycorrhizal inoculum and grown on a TE-polluted soil. A slight modification in TE accumulation in shoots was observed. In parallel, the role of ZIP (Zrt-Irt- like Proteins) and CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator) proteins in TE homeostasis/tolerance was also studied in the ectomycorrhizal model fungus Laccaria bicolor. The corresponding proteins were functionally characterized by the use of different approaches (yeast complementation, GFP-chimeric proteins, transcript analyses, cell metal content analyses). This study allowed us to better understand the mechanisms underlying zinc uptake and compartmentation in the hyphae of this fungus
Pham, Hoang-Nam. "Impact des métabolites secondaires de plantes sur des bactéries pathogènes de la rhizosphère : existe-t-il un lien entre la résistance sur métaux et la modulation de résistance aux antibiotiques ?" Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30153/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the modification of plant secondary metabolism production contaminated with metallic trace elements (MTE) and its consequences on the associated rhizospheric bacterial communities including bacteria presenting MultiDrug Resistant (MDR) phenotypes. We have focused on two contexts of metals exposure: the phytoremediation of mining sites in Vietnam and the reconversion of agricultural soils contaminated by the atmospheric re-deposition of metallurgical activities in France. Our results highlighted that contamination by different types of metals (mainly Cu and Pb) has led to an alteration in the production of secondary metabolites in the roots, stems and leaves of the hyper-accumulating Pteris vittata and for roots, a similar trend in the metabolic changes could be observed in another type of pollution context (Zn and Pb more particularly). Similarly, the metabolic profiles of the underground parts (roots and rhizomes) of Miscanthus x giganteus were modified by the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Zn in agricultural soils. For the two plants examined chlorogenic acid derivatives have been found in increased proportions in the roots despite soil type and pollution context were highly contrasted. However, catechic tannin derivatives are specifically found in higher proportions in the roots of P. vittata under metal pressure. These polyphenols are known for their ability to scavenge free radicals and their antioxidant properties and thus could be involved in the adaptation of these plants to metallic stress by helping to limit the oxidative stress generated by MTE. At the level of the aerial parts, we studied only the change for P. vittata and evidenced higher proportions of flavonoid derivatives for contaminated plants. Our metagenomic results allow us to conclude also on the effect of MTE on the diversity and the specific richness of the bacterial communities of the studied soils: a high contamination of Cu (10 times the allowed limit) decreased dramatically bacterial richness and diversity, while for more moderate MTE levels including Cu Pb and Zn, the diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities was more explained by plant or season effect rather than an effect of MTE. This effect on P.vittata rhizosphere bacterial composition is reflected by an enrichment in genera known as opportunistic human pathogens, including Ralstonia, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia and Mycobacterium. In addition, Cupriavidus, known as a highly resistant genus, is the only P. vittata specifically associated genus found in increased proportions at both mining sites compared to non-contaminated rhizosphere soils. This genus could then be involved in the adaptation process of this plant with metal stress. As for the rhizospheric communities of Miscanthus x giganteus, the selection of Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas in agricultural soils contaminated with MTE was observed. As a part of this thesis, we have also developed a rapid method for testing the impact of plant metabolites on pathogenic strains of clinical and environmental origin and their efflux pump inhibition (EPI) activity of RND family. Our data thus showed interesting and notable EPI activities comparable to that of the efflux pump inhibitor PAßN for tested compounds issued from Fallopia x bohemica roots or for their derivatives
Menou, Sophie. "Comparaison de méthodes d'analyses de traces de pesticides organiques dans les productions végétales, par chromatographies et immunodosages (ELISA)." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0005.
Full textJacobs, Arnaud. "Phytoextraction du cadmium et du zinc de sols urbains :optimisation de la culture de Noccaea caerulescens." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277908.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Sall, Papa Malick, and Papa Malick Sall. "Phyto-aménagement de tourbières résiduelles : effet du chaulage et de la fertilisation sur la croissance du saule et de l'alpiste roseau et sur la répartition chimique de métaux lourds dans les sols et les plantes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31466.
Full textL’objectif général de l’étude est de valoriser deux sites de tourbières résiduelles situés à Lamèque et à La Mousse Acadienne (Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada) pour la production de deux plantes à valeur énergétique, le saule (Salix miyabeana) et l’alpiste roseau (Phalaris arundinacea). Cette réhabilitation est nommée «phyto-aménagement». Par ailleurs, dans un contexte de changements climatiques et d’épuisement des énergies fossiles, le phytoaménagement à base de plantes bioénergétiques présente un intérêt avec l'utilisation de la biomasse agroforestière comme combustible à moindre émission dans les chaudières à biomasse. Les résultats des essais menés en serre sur le sol de la tourbière résiduelle du site Sun Gro indiquent que les doses croissantes de chaux calcique en présence d’une dose d’engrais NPK, ainsi que les doses croissantes d’engrais en présence d’une dose de chaux dolomitique ont un effet significatif sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendements du saule, certaines propriétés édaphiques dont le pH, et les teneurs des métaux Cu, Fe, Mn et Zn sous formes facilement labiles et moyennement labiles dans le sol. Une fraction importante de Cu est liée à la matière organique du sol. Les métaux Fe, Mn et Zn se retrouvent majoritairement fixés par les oxydes du sol. Les essais à petite échelle de saule et d’alpiste roseau cultivés dans les tourbières résiduelles du site La Mousse Acadienne indiquent que ces deux plantes répondent bien à la fertilisation minérale en présence de la chaux dolomitique. En favorisant le développement de la plante, l’apport de l’engrais (NPK) favorise la production de biomasses aériennes ainsi que le prélèvement des cations nutritifs. Les parcelles de saules fertilisées ont fourni un rendement maximum de 6161,6 kg/ha en 16 mois de croissance au moment où les parcelles non fertilisées ont assuré un rendement maximum de 437,0 kg/ha. D’une manière générale, les concentrations des métaux Ca, Mg et Mn sont retrouvées majoritairement dans les parties aériennes des plantes tandis que celles des métaux Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, et Zn sont plus élevées dans les racines. Les concentrations des éléments traces métalliques dans les parties aériennes des plantes sont en deçà des valeurs seuils de toxicité. Les résultats révèlent que le pH du sol est une propriété chimique clé à considérer lors du phyto-aménagement des tourbières résiduelles acides.
The mechanical exploitation of the natural peat bogs produces media called "residual peat bogs" among which the physico-chemical properties, naturally constraining, are degraded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of two energy crops, willow (Salix miyabeana) and the reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), on residual peat bogs situated at Lamèque in New Brunswick (Canada). This type of rehabilitation is named "phyto-management". Moreover, in the climate change context and the depletion of fossil fuels, bioenergy-based phytomanagement is of interest with the use of agroforestry biomass as a lower emission fuel in biomass boilers. The results of glasshouse study conducted on RPB from the site Sun Gro indicated that N-P-K fertilizer and calcitic or dolomitic lime applications have a significant effect on growth and yield parameters of willow as well as on certain edaphic properties such as pH and the content of metallic trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in the labile and moderately labile fractions. Organic matter matrix is an important binding site for Cu whereas oxide matrix for Fe, Mn and Zn. The small-scale field trials conducted at the Mousse Cannadienne site highlighted that willow and reed canary grass can be grown in the residual peat bogs amended with dolomitic lime and fertlized with complete fertlizer. Fertilizer containing the chemical elements improves growth, uptake of cationic nutrients and productiveness of plants. The fertilized and limed willow plots produced a maximum yield up to 6161.6 kg / ha in 16 months of growth. The limed plots without fertilizer produced 437,0 kg shoot biomass of willow / ha. Generally, the highest concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn is mainly found in the aerial parts of plants whereas those of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn are highest in roots. The concentrations of metallic trace elements in shoot plant biomass are below thresholds values of toxicity. The results reveal that the soil pH is a key chemical property to be considered during the phyto-management of acid residual peat bogs.
The mechanical exploitation of the natural peat bogs produces media called "residual peat bogs" among which the physico-chemical properties, naturally constraining, are degraded. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential productivity of two energy crops, willow (Salix miyabeana) and the reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), on residual peat bogs situated at Lamèque in New Brunswick (Canada). This type of rehabilitation is named "phyto-management". Moreover, in the climate change context and the depletion of fossil fuels, bioenergy-based phytomanagement is of interest with the use of agroforestry biomass as a lower emission fuel in biomass boilers. The results of glasshouse study conducted on RPB from the site Sun Gro indicated that N-P-K fertilizer and calcitic or dolomitic lime applications have a significant effect on growth and yield parameters of willow as well as on certain edaphic properties such as pH and the content of metallic trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn) in the labile and moderately labile fractions. Organic matter matrix is an important binding site for Cu whereas oxide matrix for Fe, Mn and Zn. The small-scale field trials conducted at the Mousse Cannadienne site highlighted that willow and reed canary grass can be grown in the residual peat bogs amended with dolomitic lime and fertlized with complete fertlizer. Fertilizer containing the chemical elements improves growth, uptake of cationic nutrients and productiveness of plants. The fertilized and limed willow plots produced a maximum yield up to 6161.6 kg / ha in 16 months of growth. The limed plots without fertilizer produced 437,0 kg shoot biomass of willow / ha. Generally, the highest concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn is mainly found in the aerial parts of plants whereas those of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn are highest in roots. The concentrations of metallic trace elements in shoot plant biomass are below thresholds values of toxicity. The results reveal that the soil pH is a key chemical property to be considered during the phyto-management of acid residual peat bogs.
Gueret, Colas. "L'outillage du Premier Mésolithique dans le Nord de la France et en Belgique : éclairages fonctionnels." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010679.
Full textIn contrast to the geometric arrow heads, the technological and typological study of Mesolithic lithic tools has often been hampered by their un-standardized nature. This doctoral research presents the results of a functional approach to four Early Mesolithic sites from Northern France and Belgium, with the aim to replace these objects in a more global economical system. Use-wear analysis has made it possible to identify a very significant use of the un-retouched pieces which dominate the toolkits. Mesolithic groups has worked animal materials, especially skins but also different vegetal materials. Plant material and wood-working was probably a major activity in the western Europe Mesolithic. Furthermore, a more detailed analysis of different functional modes suggests that technical attitudes varied between different sites. Site function, together with chronological and geographic differences, were also factors likely to have played a role in the contrasts observed between sites. Functional studies, which are still too sporadic, undoubtedly have a part to play in untangling these factors
Iqbal, Muhammad. "Impact de l'occupation des sols agricoles contaminés sur la disponibilité des éléments trace : Mise en évidence du role des matières organiques dans le cas de cultures annuelles et cultures pérennes à vocation énergétique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00811413.
Full textRasmussen, Jessika. "Vilka faktorer påverkar universitetsanställdas val av transportsätt vid tjänsteresor mellan Kalmar och Stockholm?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-87297.
Full textTransport choice for business travel is an important matter since universities and colleges were one of the top three authorities with the highest amount of emissions from business travels for the year of 2017. It is especially important for the Linnaeus University which has an environmental management certificate and has a Meeting-and Travel policy to reduce their emissions. The purpose of this study was to find out the factors which affect the choice of transport on business trips for university employees as well as what is required for the target group to choose the more environmentally friendly alternatives. The method that was used was a web survey in combination with a conjoint analysis to get both quantitative and qualitative results. The results from the study showed that the deciding factors for the respondents were time, cost, environment, reliability and impact on leisure time. The occupational group which was most represented by the respondents was Technical- and Administrative personnel whose purpose with the business trip mainly was meetings and conferences. That which the respondents deemed as required for them to choose train over plane was the possibility for flex during the travel time, for overnight stays to be granted by the university as well as improved public transport.
Yalaltdinova, Albina. "Elemental Composition of Vegetation as an Indicator of Technogenic Influence in Ust-Kamenogorsk City." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0029/document.
Full textWith widespread urbanization and industrial development, the composition of the Earth's geosphere shells has changed, increasing the number of geoecological problems of territories and negatively affecting human health. Currently, more attention is being paid to monitoring the state of the components of urban natural environments. In Russia, biogeochemical methods (e.g. applying tree leaves as a kind of natural receptor of pollution) are widely used to characterize the geoecological problems of the territories under the pressure of intensive industrial activities. In Western countries, methods allowing us to estimate the impact of ambient factors on ecosystems and human health have become widespread; life cycle impact assessment is among them. However, these methods still have not been applied in combination. Therefore, the implementation of a comprehensive assessment of urban ecosystems using indicators reflecting the intensity of anthropogenic impact on ecosystems, following mapping of pollutant distributions, as well as the subsequent use of the results in the evaluation of the industrial enterprises' impact on the environment and in the prediction of the negative effects of pollution (human toxicity and ecotoxicity) are relevant. Such integrated method combining two methodologies was suggested and implemented in the territory of Ust-Kamenogorsk city, one of the significantly technogenic transformed cities in Kazakhstan with a specific set of enterprises
Laurent, Céline. "Biodisponibilité du cuivre et du zinc pour les plantes et les vers de terre : interactions entre les effets de fertilisants organiques sur le long-terme et des organismes sur l'évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques du sol." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA034.
Full textThe agronomic valorization of organic fertilizers (OF) is one of the main source contamination of agricultural soils in trace elements. This is particularly significant for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) for which the ecotoxicity and more generally their impact on soil fertility on the long-term is a matter of concerns. The scientific literature of the two last decades did not enable to state clearly whether Cu and Zn bioavailability for soil organisms will be impacted by OF application. Indeed, previous studies did not take into account the modifications of Cu and Zn availability in soils induced by (i) pH and organic matter (OM) temporal evolution observed with OF application and (ii) organism activities in the soil they can bio-influence. My PhD work thus aimed at assessing the respective effects of soil contamination, soil pH and OM evolution and key soil organisms (i.e. plants and earthworms) in the bio-influenced volume of soil, on Cu and Zn bioavailability for these organisms in the context of OF applications.This work was based on soils sampled from field trials in Réunion and amended for a decade with mineral or organic fertilizers, or never fertilized. The evolution of pH, concentration and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and Cu and Zn availability (i.e. totale concentration and free ionic activity) was measured in soil solutions of the non-bio-influenced soils and the soil bio-influenced by the activities of either plant roots (i.e. rhizosphere) or earthworm bioturbation (i.e. drilosphere). Copper and Zn bioavailability was assessed by the measurement of Cu and Zn concentration in a tropical epi-endogeic earthworm species (Dichogaster saliens) and a temperate plant species (Festuca arundinacea, fescue) exposed to soils in mesocosms under laboratory conditions.In the absence of bio-influence, OF application did not only increase the level of Cu and Zn contamination in soils, but also pH and the concentration and aromaticity of DOM in soil solutions. Total Cu concentration in soil solution increased in soils amended with OF proportionally to DOM concentration while Cu2+ activity decreased mainly proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in a similar Cu availability between soils amended with OF or not. Due to the lower affinity of Zn for DOM, total Zn concentration and Zn2+ activity decreased in soils with OF application proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in Zn availability equal or lower in soils amended with OF than in non-amended soils. Thus, the modification of pH and DOM seems to regulate Cu and Zn availability in non-bio-influenced soils by exerting a protective effect that counteracts Cu and Zn contamination.Under the influence of earthworms or plants, the variation range of pH and DOM concentration was reduced regardless of fertilization type in bio-influenced soils compared to non-bio-influenced soils. In the drilosphere, this resulted in a similar effect of OF application on Cu and Zn availability but in a lesser extent than the effect of OF application in non-bio-influenced soils. In the rhizosphere, the intense root activities resulted in the absence of OF effect on Cu and Zn availability. The combination of the protective effects induced by OF application and organism activity explained why Cu and Zn bioavailability for earthworms and plants did not increase with OF application for a decade despite Cu and Zn contamination in soil
Liñero, Campo Olaia. "Understanding the partitioning and concentration of trace elements in the plant organs of some food crops : influence of the plant allometry and of the growth stage." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0049/document.
Full textThis work is focuded on the accumulation of essential and non-essential elements, paying a special attention to the dible part of the plants, in terms of food safety and human health. The thesis work has been divided in two main parts. The first one is related to a field expeiment performed in open-air plots, where Swiss chards and tomato plants were grown from seedlings to maturity in a natural soil during five months, using organic or conventional agricultural practices. Plants were harvested at six different growth satges and the total concentrations of 27 elements were measured in all plants organs. The objective was to study the partitioning of elements between the plant organs, depending on the plant age on the cultivation practice. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the understanding and modelling of the partitioning of cadmium (Cd) in sunflowers at the reproductive stages. Sunflowers wre grown in nutrient solution at low Cd availability consistent with thaht found in the field, from germination toi maturity. During the reproductive period, five samplings were carried out to investigate the partitioning of the total Cd between plant organs and the origin of the Cd allocated to seeds (root uptake vs; remobilization from other plant organs). At the flower bud and grain filling stages, the partitioning of the Cd recently taken up between the different plant organs was followed and modelled by exposing several plants for the three days to a 111Cd enriched nutrient solution. The roles of the transpiration and of the plant allometry were specially investigated
Alves, Bianca Bianchi. "O comportamento de viagens de acesso a aeroportos considerando a confiabilidade do tempo de viagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-19032015-153303/.
Full textTravel time reliability is now considered a major factor in explaining travel demand since its underlying cause congestion seems to be an unavoidable reality in large urban centers. This brings uncertainty to travel time estimates, rendering its representation through travel time averages excessively simplistic. Ground access to airports serving the city of São Paulo makes an interesting context to study reliability, given the considerable annoyance and cost associated with the possibility of missing a flight and the high variability of travel times prevailing in the area. Studies of the reliability of travel time have generally been based on a purely quantitative approach, using utility-based mathematical models, mostly estimated with stated preference data. They usually ignore: (i) the effects of latent factors on behavior, (ii) the fact that behavior does not always reflect intentions, (iii) the complexity of factors involved in choice processes and (iv) the factors describing the choice context. This study uses mixed methods for data collection and analysis, aiming to gather a comprehensive set of information about behavior. Both data collection and modeling are based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, which states that behavior can be predicted from intention; intention, by its turn, can be predicted from attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. The latter refers to peoples perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior of interest. In this study, we include travel time reliability as a perceived behavioral control factor, in addition to other indicators of control that are not commonly considered. Analysis is conducted using Partial Least Squares, a technique from the family of Structural Equations Models. The use of this technique allowed for a more complete description of the mechanisms involved in the choice process of ground access to airports and confirmed the importance of latent factors on choice, particularly those related to perceived and actual control. The results also indicate that different sets of factors affect the formation of intention (and thus the stated choice) and the behavior itself (and thus actual behavior).
Roizard, Xavier. "Étude des conditions de frottement et des mécanismes d'endommagements surfaciques en emboutissage par simulation en étirage-plan." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_ROIZARD_X.pdf.
Full textRaveau, Robin. "Contribution au développement d’une filière éco-innovante de phytomanagement de sols pollués par les éléments traces : culture de plantes aromatiques et production d’huiles essentielles The Aromatic Plant Clary Sage Shaped Bacterial Communities in the Roots and in the Trace Element-Contaminated Soil More Than Mycorrhizal Inoculation – A Two-Year Monitoring Field Trial." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0580.
Full textTo cope with the soil trace element (TE) pollution, phytomanagement was brought forward as an eco-friendly and feasible approach. To meet the dual requirements of environmental and economic performances, phytotechnologies are now combined with the valorisarion of biomass produced on polluted soils. Among the eco-innovative channels intended for the non-food valorisation of the produced biomass, the cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants producing essential oils (EO), high-added value biosourced products, has been suggested within the framework of PhytEO project, funded by ADEME. Thus, this thesis contributed to evaluate the relevance of a management approach based on clary sage and coriander cultivation, combined or not with a mycorrhizal inoculum, on in situ experimental plots polluted or not with TE. Both clary sage and coriander have shown a good ability to settle in, to grow and to produce high amounts of biomass, despite the presence of high TE concentrations in the soil. The addition of an amendment based on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced the mycorrhizal colonisation rates of both coriander and clary sage roots. However, no significant improvement was observed in terms of plants’ growth, EO amounts and quality. Moreover, mycorrhizal inoculation allowed TE immobilisation in soils, in particular Pb, and reduced TE (Cd and Pb) transfers in aerial parts of clary sage. Besides, the EO distilled from clary sage inflorescences and coriander (aerial parts orseeds) grown on TE polluted soils, displayed a highly satisfactory quality, regarding the absence of contamination by TE or pesticide residues (trace amounts). Their chemical compositions were not altered by both TE pollution and mycorrhizal inoculation and were characterized by several active principles, such as linalool, linalyl acetate, germacrene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, 2-decenal, decanal and 2-dodecenal. Furthermore, several biological properties with potential applications in non-food fields such as crop protection (antifungal, antigerminative and herbicidal) or human healthcare (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) have been brought forward. However, despite its ability to form inclusion complexes with EO components, β-cyclodextrin has shown no significant improvement of the tested EO biological activities. On another note, the soil revegetation with clary sage displayed a clear shaping of the bacterial and fungal communities, in both the rhizospheric soil and the roots of the aromatic plant species. Altogether, our results combined with the techno-economic feasibility assessment of the channel “aromatic and medicinal plants/EO” have emphasised clary sage as a good candidate for the phytomanagement of TE-polluted soils
Menana, Zahra. "Étude de faisabilité de la valorisation en bioraffinerie de biomasses issues de phytotechnologies : cas d’une plante hyperaccumulatrice (noccaea caerulescens) et d’un ligneux (salix viminalis)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0225/document.
Full textPhytoremediation is a concept for the depollution and rehabilitation of soils and/or industrial wastelands contaminated by metal trace elements (MTEs), using plants to absorb or immobilize contaminants in the presence of microbial organisms in the rhizosphere. This technique results in a more or less contaminated biomass production that must be treated and also recovered. However, the presence of MTEs can be an issue in a biorefinery conversion approach. To address this question, two species were studied: an hyperaccumulator herbaceous plant (Noccaea caerulescens) and a woody plant (Salix viminalis). Two pre-treatments were selected for this study: steam explosion and organosolv pre-treatments, applying different operating conditions, in order to (1) monitor the distribution of MTEs during the process, (2) purify lignocellulosic material and (3) evaluate the effect of MTEs on subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation steps. For organosolv pretreatment, most of the MTEs are recovered in the solid cellulosic residue while by steam explosion, MTEs are mostly extracted in the aqueous effluents of the treatment. The presence of MTEs in cellulosic pastes and hydrolysates does not show a significant effect on the kinetics of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Concerning specifically Noccaea caerulescens, the plant contains relatively high levels of pectins, which opens up interesting prospects for the valorization of this plant through the production of a biopolymer of industrial interest. Finally, the results obtained show that it would be possible to combine soil rehabilitation and biorefinery valorization of biomasses from phytotechnologies for either bioethanol production or the production of platform molecules