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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Travel time (Traffic engineering) Simulation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lu, Chenxi. "Improving Analytical Travel Time Estimation for Transportation Planning Models." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/237.

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This dissertation aimed to improve travel time estimation for the purpose of transportation planning by developing a travel time estimation method that incorporates the effects of signal timing plans, which were difficult to consider in planning models. For this purpose, an analytical model has been developed. The model parameters were calibrated based on data from CORSIM microscopic simulation, with signal timing plans optimized using the TRANSYT-7F software. Independent variables in the model are link length, free-flow speed, and traffic volumes from the competing turning movements. The deve

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2

Henclewood, Dwayne Anthony. "Real-time estimation of arterial performance measures using a data-driven microscopic traffic simulation technique." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44792.

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Traffic congestion is a one hundred billion dollar problem in the US. The cost of congestion has been trending upward over the last few decades, but has experienced slight decreases in recent years partly due to the impact of congestion reduction strategies. The impact of these strategies is however largely experienced on freeways and not arterials. This discrepancy in impact is partially linked to the lack of real-time, arterial traffic information. Toward this end, this research effort seeks to address the lack of arterial traffic information. To address this dearth of information, thi

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3

Hodges, Fiona. "Travel time budgets in an urban area /." Connect to thesis, 1994. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000227.

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4

Chan, Ping-ching Winnie. "The value of travel time savings in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425003.

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5

Wu, Seung Kook. "Adaptive traffic control effect on arterial travel time charateristics." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31839.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: Hunter, Michael; Committee Member: Guensler, Randall; Committee Member: Leonard, John; Committee Member: Rodgers, Michael; Committee Member: Roshan J. Vengazhiyil. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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6

Misra, Rajul. "Toward a comprehensive representation and analysis framework for non-worker activity-travel pattern modeling /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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7

Li, Lok-man Jennifer. "Schedule delay of work trips in Hong Kong an empirical analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40988041.

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8

Choy, Wing-pong. "A review of the value of travel time in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31937068.

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9

Chan, Ping-ching Winnie, and 陳冰淸. "The value of travel time savings in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954789.

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10

Adams, David Lewis. "Integrating travel time reliability into management of highways." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 52 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459913561&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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11

Glick, Travis Bradley. "Utilizing High-Resolution Archived Transit Data to Study Before-and-After Travel-Speed and Travel-Time Conditions." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4065.

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Travel times, operating speeds, and service reliability influence costs and service attractiveness. This paper outlines an approach to quantify how these metrics change after a modification of roadway design or transit routes using archived transit data. The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet), Portland's public transportation provider, archives automatic vehicle location (AVL) data for all buses as part of their bus dispatch system (BDS). This research combines three types of AVL data (stop event, stop disturbance, and high-resolution) to create a detailed accou

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12

Choy, Wing-pong, and 蔡榮邦. "A review of the value of travel time in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31937068.

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13

Molla, Mohammad Mofigul Islam. "A Stochastic Bayesian Update and Logistic Growth Mapping of Travel-Time Flow Relationship." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25911.

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The travel-time flow relationship is not always increasing in nature, it is very difficult to predict precisely. Traditional method fails to replicate this unique conditions. Until millennium, although various researchers and practitioners have given much attention to develop travel-time flow relationships, the advancement to improve travel-time flow relationships was not substantial. The knowledge about the travel-time flow relationship is not commensurate with or parallel to the advancement of new knowledge in other fields. After millennium, most investigators did not devote enough attention

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14

Washburn, Scott Stuart. "New technologies for data collection and their application for empirical investigation of travel time measurement issues /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10139.

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15

Zhu, Yi. "Mixed traffic in Chinese cities : bicycle and the intersection problems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ54315.pdf.

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16

Zhang, Xu. "INCORPORATING TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY INTO TRANSPORTATION NETWORK MODELING." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ce_etds/54.

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Travel time reliability is deemed as one of the most important factors affecting travelers’ route choice decisions. However, existing practices mostly consider average travel time only. This dissertation establishes a methodology framework to overcome such limitation. Semi-standard deviation is first proposed as the measure of reliability to quantify the risk under uncertain conditions on the network. This measure only accounts for travel times that exceed certain pre-specified benchmark, which offers a better behavioral interpretation and theoretical foundation than some currently used measur

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17

Key, Justin. "Real-Time Open Source Traffic Control Software for the Advance Traffic Controller." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5377.

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Under the initiative of Department of Transportation (DOT) a safety-critical, dual redundant, open source traffic signal control application is currently being developed. The system named SCOPE, for Signal Control Program Environment, currently implements standard 8-phase NEMA logic and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program 3-66 preemption logic. SCOPE is designed to be part of the Advanced Traffic Controller (ATC), making use of API standard 2.06b to integrate with the hardware. Safety-critical status is achieved through redundancy of application logic that constantly compares exp

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18

Zhou, Zhong. "Models and Algorithms for Addressing Travel Time Variability: Applications from Optimal Path Finding and Traffic Equilibrium Problems." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/129.

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An optimal path finding problem and a traffic equilibrium problem are two important, fundamental, and interrelated topics in the transportation research field. Under travel time variability, the road networks are considered as stochastic, where the link travel times are treated as random variables with known probability density functions. By considering the effect of travel time variability and corresponding risk-taking behavior of the travelers, this dissertation proposes models and algorithms for addressing travel time variability with applications from optimal path finding and traffic equil

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19

Elsayed, Mohamed, and Erik Torstensson. "Two different bus stop layout designs : A traffic simulation study in Vissim." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-170877.

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Bicycles are one of the most efficient way to travel within short-distance trips due to its relatively low maintenance and operation costs (Gao, Liu, & Feng, 2012). Besides to their efficiency, bicycles provide more flexibility for their parking and its ease of use. With the increasing transportation demand in major cities, transportation authorities will encourage to use the bicycle more. However, accommodating bicycles would require physical road geometry modifications such as introducing dedicated bicycle-lanes. Cycling appears to be a sustainable form of transportation across virous co

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20

Azimian, Amin. "Design of an Intelligent Traffic Management System." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1323275800.

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21

Luo, Xiaowei. "Transport network with degradable links and stochastic demands /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20LUO.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-64). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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22

Paz, Avila Luis Albert 1964. "Algorithm development for solving the emergency vehicle location problem with stochastic travel times and unequal vehicle utilizations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276917.

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This thesis deals with the problem of locating emergency vehicles in an urban area. An optimization model is formulated that extends previous work by allowing stochastic travel times, unequal vehicle utilizations, and backup service. The heart of the model is a procedure similar to the Hypercube approximation model. Ten pair-wise interchange heuristics are developed and tested on 240 test problems. Demand and service time components of the test data have been generated using characteristics of the Tucson Emergency Medical System. Geographical components of the test data have been generated usi

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23

Carbajo, Fuertes Eduardo. "Combination of travel time and delay measurements in an urban traffic controller : A case study of Zuidas." Thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-222020.

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Increasing traffic volume in the urban areas is leading to a series of negative effects such as congestion or emission of air pollutants. The city of Amsterdam is no exception to this trend and a sustainable solution is sought in the area of Traffic Management and Intelligent Transportation Systems. The goal of this study is to develop a traffic management strategy that enhances the traffic performance in distributor roads (Plus Network Auto in Amsterdam) during saturated conditions (AM and PM peak). After the analysis of the current state of the traffic management in the municipality of Amste

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Persson, Johan. "Improvement of Estimated Time of Arrival for Railroad Traffic." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1653.

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Denna rapporten studerar effekterna i det svenska järnvägsnätet och kvaliten på de estimerade ankomsttider för tågen. Effekterna som studeras i rapporten är resultatet av hur kvaliten på ankomsttideren ändras när en positioneringsapparat introduceras i järnvägstrafiken. Rapporten studerar också hur kvaliten på uppskattningen av ankomsttidernas ändras då man reducerar antalet driftledningscentraler och centraliserar järnvägsorganisationen. Rapporten fortsätter med att rangordna dessa olika metoder och utreda vilken av de två metoderna som har störst inverkan och som är den mest fördelaktiga met

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25

Wong, Yee-fang Eva. "A study of the transport needs of patients for medical services, with special emphasis on cost minimization." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576313.

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26

Kaufmann, Ronald Douglas. "Joint inversion of travel-time residuals and gravity anomalies for the velocity structure of Southest Tennessee." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25730.

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27

Li, Lok-man Jennifer, and 李諾文. "Schedule delay of work trips in Hong Kong: anempirical analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40988041.

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28

Zhang, Haizheng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Online calibration for simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment : towards large-scale and real-time performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120603.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 149-152).<br>The severity of traffic congestion is increasing each year in the US, resulting in higher travel times, and increased energy consumption and emissions. They have led to an increasing emphasis on the dev

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29

Thornton, Douglas Anthony. "Investigation of using radar augmented transit buses as arterial travel time probes." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243907350.

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30

Hadfield, Mitchell Gregory. "Analysis of Performance Measures of Traffic Incident Management in Utah." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8529.

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In 2009 the Federal Highway Administration published a report regarding a Focus States Initiative that had been conducted with 11 states to discuss the development of national Traffic Incident Management (TIM) standards. Performance measures were defined, and a national TIM dashboard created, but very little data has been added to the dashboard since. In this research study, performance measures of the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) TIM program were analyzed. Data availability was first assessed to determine whether these performance measures could be calculated. It was determined th

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31

Al, Adaileh Mohammad Ali. "A Travel Time Estimation Model for Facility Location on Real Road Networks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1557421387196019.

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32

Feng, Wei. "Analyses of Bus Travel Time Reliability and Transit Signal Priority at the Stop-To-Stop Segment Level." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1832.

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Transit travel time is affected by many factors including traffic signals and traffic condition. Transit agencies have implemented strategies such as transit signal priority (TSP) to reduce transit travel time and improve service reliability. However, due to the lack of empirical data, the joint impact of these factors and improvement strategies on bus travel time has not been studied at the stop-to-stop segment level. This study utilizes and integrates three databases available along an urban arterial corridor in Portland, Oregon. Data sources include stop-level bus automatic vehicle location

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33

Vo, Trung. "An investigation of bluetooth technology for measuring travel times on arterial roads: a case study on spring street." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39597.

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Research in the field of travel time measurement using Bluetooth technology has been an area of great interest in recent years as transportation professionals strive to increase the cost-effectiveness, accuracy, anonymity, and safety of travel time data collection methods. Commonly used travel time data collection methods include the use of inductive loops, video cameras, and probe vehicles. However, Bluetooth, a globally accepted wireless technology, serves as the medium being utilized by more and more transportation consultants, public agencies, and academics in the collection of travel time

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34

Colberg, Kathryn. "Investigating the ability of automated license plate recognition camera systems to measure travel times in work zones." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49048.

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This thesis evaluates the performance of a vehicle detection technology, Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR) camera systems, with regards to its ability to produce real-time travel time information in active work zones. A literature review was conducted to investigate the ALPR technology as well as to identify other research that has been conducted using ALPR systems to collect travel time information. Next, the ALPR technology was tested in a series of field deployments in both an arterial and a freeway environment. The goal of the arterial field deployment was to evaluate the optim

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35

Kristoffersson, Ida. "Incorporation of Departure Time Choice in a Mesoscopic Transportation Model for Stockholm." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Transport- och samhällsekonomi, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10516.

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36

Ghimire, Ekaraj. "Evaluation of One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional HEC-RAS Models for Flood Travel Time Prediction and Damage Assessment Using HAZUS-MH: A Case Study of Grand River, Ohio." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1558558269011099.

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37

Li, Ying. "Interest management scheme and prediction model in intelligent transportation systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45856.

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This thesis focuses on two important problems related to DDDAS: interest management (data distribution) and prediction models. In order to reduce communication overhead, we propose a new interest management mechanism for mobile peer-to-peer systems. This approach involves dividing the entire space into cells and using an efficient sorting algorithm to sort the regions in each cell. A mobile landmarking scheme is introduced to implement this sort-based scheme in mobile peer-to-peer systems. The design does not require a centralized server, but rather, every peer can become a mobile landmark nod

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38

Twagirimana, Janvier. "Establishing and applying speed-flow relationships for traffic on rural two-lane two- way highways in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85825.

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Thesis (MScEng)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Speed-flow-density relationships are the most useful tools in the highway design and planning process. They are useful in predicting the roadway capacity, in determining the adequate level-of-service of traffic flow and in determining travel time for a given roadway. Two-lane two-way rural highways constitute the vast majority of the rural road network in South Africa. Nowadays in the Western Cape and other provinces of South Africa, the speed-flow-density relationships normally used for rural transportation studies are der

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39

Bennett, Logan Stewart. "Analysis of Benefits of an Expansion to UDOT's Incident Management Program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9250.

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In 2018 the Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) funded a study in which data were collected to evaluate performance measures for UDOT's Incident Management Team (IMT) program. After that study was completed, UDOT received funding to expand the size of its IMT program. Additionally, TransSuite, a data source used by the UDOT Traffic Operations Center to log incident-related data, was reconfigured to provide a higher quantity of performance measure data. This study made use of the new data source, in addition to Computer Aided Dispatch logs provided by the Utah Highway Patrol that were used

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Anany, Hossam. "Effectiveness of a Speed Advisory Traffic Signal System for Conventional and Automated vehicles in a Smart City." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-156650.

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This thesis project investigates the state-of-the-art in traffic management "Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA)" for vehicles in a smart city. GLOSA utilizes infrastructure and vehicles communication through using current signal plan settings and updated vehicular information in order to influence the intersection approach speeds. The project involves traffic microscopic simulations for a mixed traffic environment of conventional and automated vehicles (AVs) both connected to the intersection control and guided by a speed advisory traffic management system. Among the project goals is t

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41

Wood, Nicholas Stephen. "Assessing the marginal cost of freeway congestion for vehicle fleets using passive GPS speed data." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34798.

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This thesis examines the marginal cost of congested travel to a variety of businesses by observing time spent in congestion and estimating excess labor costs based upon the relevant value of time. The fleets in the scoping study represented commercial deliveries of goods and services, government agencies, and transit systems. Observations on limited-access expressways within the 13-county Atlanta metropolitan region were used in the analysis. Vehicles were monitored by using a passive GPS assembly that transmitted speed and location data in real-time to an off-site location. Installation a

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42

Downey, Matthew Blake. "Evaluating the Effects of a Congestion and Weather Responsive Advisory Variable Speed Limit System in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2397.

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Safety and congestion are ever present and increasingly severe transportation problems in urban areas throughout the nation and world. These phenomena can have wide-ranging consequences relating to safety, the economy, and the environment. Adverse weather conditions represent another significant challenge to safety and mobility on highways. Oregon is not immune from either of these global issues. Oregon Route (OR) 217, to the southwest of the downtown Portland, is one of the worst freeways for congestion in the state and is also subject to the Pacific Northwest's frequently inclement and unpre

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Westman, Freddie. "Modeller för restidsuppskattning baserat på Floating Car Data." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1510.

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<p>I storstadsregionerna blir trafikläget allt mer ansträngt för vart år som går. Inflyttningen fortsätter i oförändrad takt och fler människor måste försöka samsas om samma utrymme. Situationen på vägarna börjar bli ohållbar och det måste till att dessa problem löses snart för att utvecklingen i regionerna inte ska stagnera. Möjligheter för ytterligare utbyignationer finns dock i en begränsad grad och man måste börja se till andra lösningar. Inom området för intelligenta transportsystem(ITS) erbjuds många nya tillämpningar där man med ny teknik försöker hitta lösningar till dagens trafikprobl

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Morozova, Nadezhda S. "Utilizing High Resolution Data to Identify Minimum Vehicle Emissions Cases Considering Platoons and EVP." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78885.

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This paper describes efforts to optimize the parameters for a platoon identification and accommodation algorithm that minimizes vehicle emissions. The algorithm was developed and implemented in the AnyLogic framework, and was validated by comparing it to the results of prior research. A four-module flowchart was developed to analyze the traffic data and to identify platoons. The platoon end time was obtained from the simulation and used to calculate the offset of the downstream intersection. The simulation calculates vehicle emissions with the aid of the VT-Micro microscopic emission model. Op

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黃依凡 and Yee-fang Eva Wong. "A study of the transport needs of patients for medical services, with special emphasis on cost minimization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576313.

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Zhang, Li, and Xi Ren. "A two-factor evaluation of bus delays based on GIS-T database and simulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7985.

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During the urbanization process, vehicles quantity increase with expansion in population. Under this situation, bus transportation system also suffers from bus delay. Bus delay could be caused by a series of factors, for instance, overload passengers, traffic jam, traffic accident and other unpredictable situations. Therefore, choosing crucial elements to efficiently evaluate bus delay is a complex problem in bus delay researches and operation management. The thesis propose an approach to evaluate and explain bus delay by two elements: traffic congestion and passengers’ waiting time. Those two

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47

Cheng, Hua. "Hydrodynamic control of retention in heterogeneous aquifers and fractured rock." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : KTH Architecture and the Built Environment, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-496.

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48

Jepson, Dale. "Enhancing public transport operations on arterial roads." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36092/1/36092_Jepson_1998.pdf.

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Bus priority treatments such as busways, bus lanes and bus priority at traffic signals are all utilised in Australian metropolitan areas. These treatments are designed to reduce the travel time for buses and make this transportation mode more efficient and attractive. The common applications of such treatments for Australian conditions are assessed in this research to identify the travel time impacts of introducing bus priority. This will assist in the selection of bus priority measures on arterial roads for Australian conditions. The methodology applied here entails the identification of op

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Wang, Liang. "Design, Data Collection, and Driver Behavior Simulation for the Open- Mode Integrated Transportation System (OMITS)." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D82F7N7S.

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With the remarkable increase in the population and number of vehicles, traffic has become a severe problem in most metropolitan areas. Traffic congestion has imposed tight constraints on economic growth, national security, and mobility of riders and goods. The open-mode integrated transportation system (OMITS) has been designed to improve the traffic condition of roadways by increasing the ridership of vehicles and optimizing transportation modes through smart services integrating emerging information communication technologies, big data management, social networking, and transportation manage

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"Integrated Model of the Urban Continuum with Dynamic Time-dependent Activity-Travel Microsimulation: Framework, Prototype, and Implementation." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.14529.

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abstract: The development of microsimulation approaches to urban systems modeling has occurred largely in three parallel streams of research, namely, land use, travel demand and traffic assignment. However, there are important dependencies and inter-relationships between the model systems which need to be accounted to accurately and comprehensively model the urban system. Location choices affect household activity-travel behavior, household activity-travel behavior affects network level of service (performance), and network level of service, in turn, affects land use and activity-travel behavi

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