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Ho, Chee-ying Kitty. "A review of regulatory system of the Hong Kong travel industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36427548.
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Ho, Chee-ying Kitty, and 何芷盈. "A review of regulatory system of the Hong Kong travel industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36427548.
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Yu, Jian. "Early development of foreign direct investment in the travel trade industry of China, 1998 to 2007." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/117793.
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This research aims to investigate the development approaches, operational experiences, and market influences of foreign invested travel service (FITS) companies, including travel agencies and tour operators, in China in the opening decade (1998-2007) of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the industry. It also examines the Chinese business environment for the development of the FITS sector in the country. The investigation was conducted through some focused aspects, including different roles of three major locations; the setup and licensing process in the FITS sector; the FITSs’ original countries and relative features; their ownership and management structures; their major target markets and profitability; the FITS’s HR strategies on the local employment; the relationships between the FITS sector and the indigenous services, and the overall environment, as well as the opportunities and challenges for the sector’s development in China. The research focuses on three locations, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong province which host almost all the FITS companies (27 registered in total) in China in the decade. The methodology combines the study of both primary and secondary data, with interviews being undertaken with the FITSs (29 formal interviews with 14 FITSs) and a questionnaire survey towards 150 Chinese travel services in the locations. Given the understanding of existing literature on the travel trade business, FDI, China’s economic and political foundations, and the opening of the Chinese tourism industry, the thesis argues that the development of the FITS sector in China was substantially constrained and shaped by the protectionist policies of the Chinese government in the first opening decade. The government’s strong power through policies and SOEs is also one of the most considerable challenges for FITSs in China. However, the FITS companies were not passive actors in this situation, but developed a range of strategies in response to the changing regulatory framework, which effectively shaped a rapidly emerging sector and its relations with endogenous companies. The research is important also because there are positive opportunities in the country for the future development of the FITS sector, in response to anticipated further opening of the market.
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Von, Wielligh Jacobus Petrus. "The impact of the attacks on 11 September 2001 on the World Trade Centre on the tourism industry in the Western Cape : a case study /." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1040&context=td_cput.
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Steedman, Mercedes Wells. "Female participation in the Canadian clothing industry, 1890 to 1940." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343423.
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Hagberg, Christian, Sebastian Johansson, and Anton Karlsson. "The relationship between CSR and financial performance : A quantitative stuy examining Swedish publicly traded companies." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45265.
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Purpose: Examine the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and financial performance in Swedish publicly traded companies in the years 2006-2009. Hypothesis: H1: There is a positive linear relationship between a company's CSR performance and its accounting based financial performance (represented by ROA). H2: There is a positive linear relationship between a company's CSR performance and its market based financial evaluation (represented by Tobin's Q) H3: Industry moderates the relationship between CSR and financial performance. H4: Firm size moderates the relationship between CSR and financial performance. Theoretical framework: CSR and previous research. Methodology: Longitudinal study, Secondary analysis. Conclusion: Hypothesis 1 may be rejected. Hypothesis 2 may be rejected. Hypothesis 3 may be rejected. Hypothesis 4 may be rejected.Syfte: Undersöka relationen mellan företags sociala ansvar och dess finansiella resultat på Svenska börsnoterade företag under åren 2006-2009. Hypoteser: H1: Det är ett positivt linjärt samband mellan ett företags CSR utförande och dess bokföring baserad på finansiella resultat (representerad av ROA). H2: Det är ett positivt linjärt samband mellan ett företags CSR utförande och dess markandsbaserad finansiella värdering (representerad av Tobin's Q). H3: Industri modererar relationen mellan CSR och finasiellt resultat. H4: Företagsstorlek modererar relationen mellan CSR och finansiellt resultat. Teoretiskt ramverk: CSR och tidigare forskning. Metod: Longitudinell studie, Sekundär analys. Slutsats: Hypotes 1 kan avvisas. Hypotes 2 kan avvisas. Hypotes 3 kan avvisas. Hypotes 4 kan avvisas.
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Brookover, Robert. "The resurgence of traditional building trades in the United States." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231400.
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The last quarter of the twentieth century has seen a dramatic growth of interest in the preservation of historic structures. With this has developed the need to bring back many trades that had declined after World War II. Within the past twenty to thirty years these traditional building trades, which are so vitally needed to accurately restore, recreate, preserve, and adaptively reuse these structures, have become a valuable component of the preservation infrastructure. I have elected to study the careers and historically significant work of tradespersons in two selected regions of the United States, in order to illustrate the resurgence of the traditional building trades on a national level. The focus of this work centers on the careers of a group of craftsmen, from their early beginnings in the trades, to their current status as having earned an identity as a professional in their field. Themes appear from the various stages of their careers. These themes are evaluated through different literature published on this subject and through the formation of trade schools and organizations.Department of Architecture
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Aspillaga, Luis Antonio. "WTS, la importancia de un trader en la industria textil." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656482.
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Luis Antonio Aspillaga (Perú) - ExpositorConoce como opera la empresa World Textile Sourcing, cuales son sus estrategias dentro de la industria peruana textil y de confecciones, y cuales son los elementos que facilitan y contribuyen al desarrollo del sector.
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Thomas, D. C. "The UK closed end fund industry and aspects of the noise trader model." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269295.
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Pathak, Vishvesh. "Organisatioal performance measurement as a new corporate ratings approach for publicly traded companies." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13747.
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The current system of credit ratings is full of conceptual and administrative flaws with highly rated companies defaulting in the short term. This has led regulators, investors, companies and researchers aiming to improve the system. This thesis details the study of this aim to improve the existing credit ratings system through a conceptual perspective, as well as developing it into a more comprehensive and overarching new corporate ratings methodology. In doing so, organisational performance appeared to be an apparent solution, to be considered as the main basis on which to derive new ratings for a company. However organisational performance has its own conceptual disagreements between managers and researchers concerning the dimensions to be measured for overall organisational performance. Therefore, this study attempted two tasks: to establish a link between ratings and organisational performance, and to identify what should be measured for overall organisational performance. This resulted in the development of new corporate ratings methodology based upon the overall organisational performance measurement in case of publicly traded companies. A mixed methods research strategy combined with a qualitative analyses of 10 selected company cases and 24 interviews; and quantitative analyses of the performance of 128 publicly traded companies from the UK, the USA and the India stock exchanges in 4 manufacturing and 3 service industries was adopted in the development, testing and application of ‘new company ratings’ and ‘overall organisational performance measurement’ propositions. Secondary data was obtained from companies’ annual reports, sustainability reports, social responsibility reports, performance reports available from companies’ official websites; and company profiles generated by trade analyst companies such as Bloomberg and Morningstar. Primary data was collected from company managers, industry experts, trade analysts and investors through telephonic or face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Company reports and interview transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A metaphor was applied to understand and to derive the concept of overall organisational performance measurement in terms of stability, resilience and sustainability. A secondary data survey of 128 companies was conducted to test three hypotheses of organisational performance (OP) based ratings, stability – resilience – sustainability as main dimensions of OP, and the application of an overall OP score to derive new corporate ratings. Performance data for 54 dimensions for 128 companies was collected and analysed, applying reliability analysis, principal components analysis, multiple discriminant analysis and non-parametric independent sample tests of Mann-Whitney U and Kruksal-Wallis. All hypotheses were accepted proving the concept and model based on statistical and subjective significance. Findings suggest there is a strong link between corporate ratings and organisational performance (OP), and OP measurement could be utilised to provide improved and overarching new corporate ratings as compared to existing credit ratings. A significant difference was found to exist between new corporate ratings and existing credit ratings, with new corporate ratings having a better predictive accuracy of company performance over a three years duration. Sustainability was found to contribute more towards measurement of organisational performance as compared to the traditional dimension of stability, comprising financial and operational performance. Very high reliability and principal component scores for sustainability proved that organisational effectiveness can be measured as one of the contributing dimensions to overall organisational performance. Other findings suggest that there is a clear divide between researchers studying OP as a variable and developing a framework in which to measure it. Overall OP can be measured by applying the conceptual lenses of stability, sustainability and resilience, comprising various sub-dimensions. Major and novel contributions of this research are: a new approach in providing corporate ratings based upon overall organisational performance, and a new concept of measuring overall organisational performance in terms of stability, resilience and sustainability.
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Gömmel, Rainer. "Vorindustrielle Bauwirtschaft in der Reichsstadt Nürnberg und ihrem Umland (16.-18. Jh.)." [Stuttgart] : In Kommission bei F. Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16228450.html.
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The author's Habilitationsschrift--Universität Regensburg, 1984, presented under the title: Vorindustrielle Bauwirtschaft vom 16. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert in der Reichsstadt Nürnberg und ihrem Umland.Includes bibliographical references (p. 280-295) and index.
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Pretorius, Albertus Johannes Hendrik. "Business problems facing potential emerging contractors in CIDB grades 5 to 7." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3459.
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Considering the vital part which the construction industry plays in the economy of South Africa, as well as the objectives of the reconstruction and development thereof, the failure of contractors, despite all the interventions to identify and eradicate the root of the problem, is a matter of great concern. In November 2000, the Construction Industry Development Board Act (2000) was promulgated which led to the inception of the cidb with a mandate to implement an integrated strategy for the reconstruction, growth and development of the construction industry. The matter of contractor development has been widely studied and investigated since the inception of the cidb in 2000. However, the purpose of this study was to focus on the business problems faced by Grade 5 to 7 CE / GB Potential Emerging Contractors, with regard to construction organisations that make the move from small to medium businesses. The intention was to contribute to the successful transition from small to medium businesses by means of structured initiatives. In order to achieve this, a new business strategy must be adopted. It was therefore necessary to extensively consider the surface and core competencies required for making the transition. Liquidity problems that the transition entails were explored, as well as contractor misconceptions with regard to contractor development. In the course of the study, unethical practices and entitlement issues experienced in the built environment and the effect of this on contractor success were explored. The study aimed to recommend a structured framework for co-ordination between assistance, mentorship, contractor needs, client departments, cidb NCDP best practice guidelines and the most important of all, self-empowerment. This study further endeavoured to find possible solutions regarding the assistance requirements, as well as self-empowering objectives for emerging contractors taking the challenging step from small to medium business and by implication, becoming sustainable contractor enterprises in Grades 6 to 8. Political imperatives need to be weighed against the high unemployment rate. The Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) indicates that there are not enough sustainable contracting opportunities to allocate to Contractor Development Programmes (CDPs). This is aggravated by the tendency that too many hopeful aspirant entrepreneurs, lacking construction surface and core competencies, are seeing the built environment as an easy industry to enter. Just less than 50% of cidb registered contractors exited the register of active contractors during the last ten years ending 2nd quarter 2015. 45% exited during the last five years. This indicates that there is a serious sustainability problem in the built environment. Considering the GFCF contractor opportunities there are too many cidb registered contractors. However, enterprise failure is not only an Emerging Contractor (EC) problem, but occurs across the board. A dangerous notion that the large national construction firms should no longer qualify for public contracts can have disastrous implications for an already embattled industry. Large national firms are the trend setters in the built environment, which coach the much needed construction surface and core competencies. If upgrading is the measure of success the current CDP statistics do not confirm that the strategic objectives of the National Contractor Development Programme (NCDP) are being achieved. All contractors, including black owned contractors, are faring substantially better than their EC counterparts participating in CDPs. Upgrading should carry less weight and sustainability and high performance should become the focus. A serious lack of construction surface and core competencies was identified. If contractor development is the objective the structure of the cidb grading system should be reviewed. It is recommended that the broad CDP hierarchical structure should streamlined and partly privatised to focus on the core strategic objective of contractor development.
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Backus, John. "An analysis of methods to measure carbon monoxide in residential construction." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007backusj.pdf.
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Ofosu-Asare, Kwaku. "Trade liberalisation, globalisation and the cocoa industry in Ghana : the case of the smallholder cocoa farmers." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2011. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8zz99/trade-liberalisation-globalisation-and-the-cocoa-industry-in-ghana-the-case-of-the-smallholder-cocoa-farmers.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the impact of the “meso model” on Ghana’s cocoa sector in general and the practices and opportunities for smallholder cocoa farmers in particular. Additionally, Ghana’s efforts to embrace globalisation are examined. The theoretical framework of this thesis is the neo-structuralism paradigm out of which an analytical framework was distilled to assess the impact of the 1993 reforms. The qualitative methodology was mainly used to collect data but some quantitative techniques were also used to enhance the collection and analysis of the data. Ghana was adjudged the “Star Pupil” of Africa by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank after implementing bold economic reforms in 1983 and the cocoa sector reforms in 1993. But ironically Ghana stood up to the IMF and the Bank by refusing to dismantle its cocoa marketing board (COCOBOD) as was recommended by them under the Washington Consensus and rather adopted a” meso model” of partial liberalisation of the cocoa sector after skilful negotiations. The thesis makes a significant, original contribution to knowledge in the field of economic development through the following key findings: Firstly, the output of cocoa farmers in general is a function of not only the price paid to them but also the overall environment created for production. Secondly, the” meso model” Ghana adopted challenges the “One Size Fits All” Washington Consensus development model because it enhanced cocoa farmers’ output and income, and Ghana’s cocoa export and foreign revenue enabling it to attain economic growth and development. Thirdly, the use of mobile phones by cocoa farmers contributes to the reduction in their transport cost and transforms their mode of operations. Finally, Ghana’s efforts to embrace globalisation and to integrate into the global economy have been impressive albeit urban bias.
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Cardoso, Pedro Miguel Martins. "Exchange-traded funds as an alternative investment option : evidence from the portuguese fund industry." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14324.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraUma análise comparativa da rentabilidade através de estatística descritiva, regressões e capacidade replicação do benchmark foi realizada para Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs), fundos de investimento de índices e de ações e o respetivo benchmark (PSI 20) para o período compreendido entre 2010 e 2015 para a indústria portuguesa de fundos de investimento. Para um horizonte temporal mais alargado (2010 - 2017), foi analisada a existência de diferenças (e a sua persistência) entre o preço do ETFs e o seu respetivo valor de unidade de participação (VUP). Concluiu-se que o ETF analisado não apresenta sempre uma melhor rentabilidade relativa (diferença entre a rentabilidade do fundo e do benchmark) por comparação com fundos de investimento de índice. Não obstante, o ETF exibe uma maior capacidade não só de replicar o benchmark quando este varia negativamente, como também de diminuir a volatilidade das diferenças entre a sua rentabilidade e a do benchmark. Ainda relativamente ao ETF, verifica-se que o mesmo se encontra, em termos médios, a negociar a um valor baixo de desconto (0,00007 €), existindo evidência de persistência destes desvios para pelos menos dois dias de negociação.
A comparative descriptive statistics, regression and index tracking return investigation between Exchange-traded Funds (ETFs), Index and Equity mutual funds and their respective benchmark during the 2010-2015 period is conducted for the Portuguese fund industry. For a larger interval (2010 - 2017), ETFs are tested for price inefficiency (existence of deviations between prices and the Net Asset Value) and its persistence. It is found that ETF do not always outperform index funds in replicating the variations of the PSI 20 index, despite exhibiting better tracking ability when facing downside deviations of the benchmark and a better capacity of smoothing tracking deviations. Regarding ETFs price efficiency and its persistence, the study reveals that the analyzed ETF is priced at a low average discount of €0.00007 with evidence of deviations persistence of at least two days.
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Murray, Nicole Anne. "Who gets their hands 'dirty' in the knowledge society? Training for the skilled trades in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1714.
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The vision of New Zealand as a 'knowledge society' is a mantra that has opened the twenty-first century. Underpinning any 'knowledge society', however; are people who turn resources into concrete products and who build, maintain and service the technological and social infrastructure essential to society. This thesis examines the skilled trades and, in particular, how people are trained for those trades. Industry training is a crucial component of the wealth-generating capabilities of New Zealand. It is also an essential part of the way that many young people make the transition from school to work and from adolescence to adulthood. The means of training tradespeople has moved over the years from the rigid and prescriptive apprenticeship system, to the more voluntaristic, industry-led 'industry training' strategy, introduced following the Industry Training Act 1992. Regardless of the system used to organise training, however, there have been long-standing problems in New Zealand with achieving the optimum number of skilled workers, possessing the correct 'mix' of skills required. In this research, based upon semi-structured interviews with industry training stakeholders four industry case studies, policy content analysis and an in-depth examination of the Modem Apprenticeships scheme, I ask three key questions. First, what are the things that, as a country, we could or should reasonably expect a 'good' industry training system to contribute to? These may be things like: an adequate supply of appropriately skilled workers, the ability to upskill or reskill these workers as needed, clear transition routes for young people, lifelong learning opportunities, equity goals and foundation skills. Second, I ask how the current system performs against these criteria. The short answer is that the performance is 'patchy'. There are dire skill shortages in many areas. While opportunities for workplace upskilling, reskilling or 'lifelong learning' are available, I argue that they are not yet cemented into a 'training culture'. Workplace-based learning is an important transition route for a small percentage of our young people but the favoured route is some form of tertiary education, which may be an expensive and not necessarily relevant option. Third, I ask why the performance of New Zealand's industry training system is often less than desirable. My argument is that the problems and solutions thereof, of skill formation in New Zealand have been understood largely in terms of the supply-side. That is, we have either critiqued, or looked to reform, whatever system has been in place to train skilled workers. The inadequacy of this approach is evident from weaknesses in the ability of either the prescriptive apprenticeship system or the voluntaristic industry training strategy to deliver an appropriately skilled workforce. Thus, I also examine the demand side of skill formation: the wider influences that impact on employers' training decisions. Training decisions made by individual employers, the aggregation of which represent the level and quality of training for New Zealand as a whole, are influenced by a plethora of factors. At the micro level of the employer or firm, I explore barriers to training and some of the constraints to the demand for skills. I then examine broader influences, such as the changing shape of the workforce, labour market regulation and wider economic factors, all of which impact on training levels.
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Edmonson, Patricia K. "The tension between art and industry the Art-In-Trades Club of New York, 1906-1935 /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 121 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605134201&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bassett, Sasha Mae. "Inequality, Position, and Perception| Understanding and Addressing Workplace Harassment in Oregon's Construction Trades." Thesis, Portland State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10143612.
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Does our status impact the way we interpret change? This study proposes that one's level of power within their workplace, as granted by their role within the organization, shapes the way in which people interpret adjustments to the norms of that organization. Drawing on qualitative focus groups with forty-four members of Oregon's construction trades, this study examines the relationship between participants' position within the industry’s structure and their opinions about the changing jobsite norms brought on by recent waves of diversification in the workforce. Findings suggest that within Oregon’s construction trades, hierarchical distribution of power via industry position serves to stratify and reorganize the attitudes and responses of participants. This is done through situating knowledge; different positions hold differential understandings of which issues generate harassment, present barriers to progress, and serve as potential solutions to the issue. Results show that participants who occupy positions of power within the trades tend to frame harassment as an interpersonal problem, which can be solved by interpersonal solutions. Thus, participants in positions of power saw change as an incremental process that was constantly happening. Conversely, participants who were not in positions of power within the trades tended to frame harassment as an institutional problem that required industry-wide changes to be fully addressed. As a result, participants with less power in the trades framed change as generational for the industry; something that could only be achieved after the current workforce. Ultimately, this study highlights the tension between interpersonal and institutional strategies for organizational change.
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Heiss, Gunter. "SME internationalisation : investigating factors and the effect of organizational capabilities on strategy in the German Medtech industry." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2017. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5832/.
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The research is focusing on small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the German Medical Technology (MedTech) industry and investigates the antecedents and the effects of organizational capabilities on their strategy regarding international ventures. Although there is various research in the field of strategy, internationalisation and SMEs, the impact of existing research in the specific field of German Medtech SMEs is relatively poor while theoretical and empirical findings obtained in another particular institutional context are not yet applicable in other countries or industries. As a consequence, a systematic review of the literature has been conducted. An initial conceptual model was developed, in which significant findings regards country, industry and firm-specific aspects could be identified. The philosophical stand of the researcher and his ontological view as a post-positivist allows both, a qualitative and a quantitative approach. By applying a mixed method approach a focus group discussion provided in depth-knowledge in order to sharpen the initial model. Antecedents, as well as the most important factors related to strategy, were emphasized and further important aspects that focus on capabilities were revealed. With these results, constructs and relationships were modeled and quantitative data from a survey with more than 60 German MedTech SMEs were collected and assessed. This approach led to the finding that factors such as ́market potential ́, ́physical capital ́, ́medical regulations ́ and ́product competitive-ness ́ have the highest influence on the firm ́s strategic approach. ́Organizational learning ́ and ́coordination mechanism ́ have particularly an impact on strategy development, whereas relationship capabilities mediating effect on the strategy-competitive advantage relationship. Firm size and firm ́s experience in international ventures influence a firm ́s internationalisation. The results will serve as a strategic input for SME’s in the German MedTech industry. This research provided a contribution to knowledge that is relevant from an academic as well as from an economic point of view. The findings should help academics, MedTech SMEs, and governmental institutions to understand the decisive factors for internationalisation and the importance to develop specific organizational capabilities in this context. This understanding contributes towards a sound development of German MedTech SMEs in their future internationalisation.
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Musa, Arshad. "Passive versus active applications of industry exchange traded funds (ETFs) : an empirical investigation on the S&P Global 1200 Index." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4912.
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Magister Commercii - MComThe notion of market efficiency posits that stock prices fully reflect all available information in a timely manner. The efficient market hypothesis (EMH) proposed by Fama (1970) systematically rules out the profitability of information driven investing, and implicitly promulgates a passive market capitalisation weighted investment strategy such as indexing. The appeal of passive strategies has largely been driven by the growth of passive tracking instruments, which allow investors to earn underlying index performance by purchasing a single security such as an exchange traded fund (ETF). On the contrary, proponents of behavioural finance suggest that investors are irrational and subject to psychological biases. Furthermore, the noisy market hypothesis of Siegel (2006) asserts that the deviations from the economic ideal of rationality proposed by the EMH, introduces noise in the market which could lead prices to deviate from their intrinsic values. The resultant drag in performance of market capitalisation weighted indices suggests that the optimal cap-weighted market portfolio promulgated by the modern portfolio theory (MPT) of Markowitz (1952), ceases to be the most mean-variance approach to asset allocation. With the goal of testing the applications of ETF’s, this study first evaluates the performance of passive sector ETF’s in the global equity market. In addition, motivated by the potential inefficiencies of capweighted portfolios, the study tests optimisation based asset allocation techniques, and technical analysis based market timing strategies. The study employs the S&P Global 1200 sector indices and their respective sector ETF’s to test their performances and applications in passive and active investment strategies, over the period from July 5th, 2002 to February 6th, 2015. The ETF’s are evaluated based on their tracking ability and price efficiency. All 10 sector ETF’s possess insignificant tracking errors and successfully replicate the performance of their underlying indices. In addition, the globalsector ETF’s are not price efficient over the study period, as they possess persistent price deviations from their net asset values (NAV’s). Furthermore, the ETF trading strategy based on the relationship between ETF returns and price deviations, proves to be effective in outperforming the passive buy and hold strategy in the majority of the sectors. The sector decomposition of the cap-weighted S&P Global 1200 index which is employed as the market proxy, reveals that its sector allocation remains fairly stable throughout the study period. In contrast, the optimal historical sector composition incurs large changes in sector exposure from year to year and provides substantially superior performance relative to the cap-weighted market portfolio. The cap-weighted portfolio tends to overweight cyclical sectors and underweight resilient sectors during major economic downturns. The long-only, long-short and market neutral strategies developed from the S&P Global 1200 index and its constituent sector indices provide exceptional risk-adjusted performance, and more meanvariance efficient portfolios than the cap-weighted market proxy. The relaxation of the longonly constraint also improves the optimised portfolios risk-adjusted performance, mainly through risk reduction benefits. The performance of the optimised global sector based portfolios also resembles the performances of the global style based optimised portfolios developed by Hsieh (2010), thereby suggesting that the two approaches are analogous. The 3 technical market timing strategies tested in this research provide varying results. The sector momentum portfolios experience significant positive returns during bull markets, however the portfolios incur significant drawdowns during periods of economic turmoil such as the 2008 global financial crisis. As a result, all sector momentum portfolios provide inferior risk-adjusted returns relative to the passive cap-weighted buy and hold strategy. The exponential moving average (EMA) trend timing strategy promulgated by Hsieh (2010) provides impressive risk-management attributes and superior risk-adjusted performance relative to passive buy and hold benchmarks. Similarly, the alternative technical charting heuristics trend timing strategy helps reduce drawdowns during market crashes, however the charting strategy provides inferior cost and risk-adjusted performance relative to the capweighted buy and hold approach due to larger timing errors and longer hedging periods in comparison to the EMA strategy. In addition, the global tactical sector allocation (GTSA) model tests the EMA and technical charting trend timing tools in the context of a global sector portfolio, and the model provides outstanding cost and risk-adjusted performances relative to the passive investing alternatives. The portfolio based GTSA model highlights the benefits of portfolio diversification and successfully hedges market exposure during economic downturns.
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Vanqa, Inga Bongo. "The effects of the labour skills shortage in the construction industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021125.
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Purpose of this treatise: The aim of this research is to determine, if the skilled labour shortage has had any impact on how construction projects are executed. If there is an impact the study aims to determine the nature and extent of the problem. Design/methodology/approach: A review of related literature was conducted, mainly to ensure that existing research is not replicated, in order to generate new ideas. The quantitative research approach was applied for this research. The questionnaire was designed so that scores can be easily summed in order to obtain an overall measure of the attitudes and opinions of the respondents. Findings: The results revealed that the skilled labour shortage has a negative effect on how construction projects are executed. The results further revealed that the biggest concern amongst employers and management of construction companies was the negative impact the shortage of skilled labour has on the levels of workmanship. Research limitations: The sample (construction companies) is mostly situated in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Practical implications: The research is of importance to managers and supervisors of construction companies of all sizes. The findings of this study will assist in ensuring that projects are efficiently managed irrespective of the current skills crisis in the construction industry.
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Wieland, Jürgen. "An investigation of price and product policy interdependencies in marketing mix management for the German foundry industry." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2015. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3271/.
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The aim of this research is to investigate the influencing factors of price and product policy interdependencies on a standarsided marketing mix management approach within the German foundry industry. The analysis of knowlege of marketing mix management and its processes show that these, despite their benefits, are lacking and have not yet reached marketers' acceptance despite their proven usefulness (Kotler 2009). Scientific discussion is still far from reaching a common agreement on a theoretical model for the management of price and product interdependencies within a standardised marketing mix management approach. Based on a literature review of past empirical work, the author derived factors influencing standardised marketing mix management, discussed their applicability in the case of the German foundry industry and developed a model for standardising the marketing mix management and its price and product policy interdependencies.
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Malefo, Boikanyo Kenneth. "Do money managers outperform their respective benchmark? Evidence from South African Unit Trust industry." University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4957.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScMotivated by the growing attraction of the mutual fund industries across the world, this research seeks to explore the economic benefits contributed by the South African equity unit trust managers over the period from 1 January 2002 to 2 September 2012. The performance is examined over two sub-periods and the overall examination period, where the first sub-period captures the performance of the unit trusts before the 2007/2008 global financial crisis and the second sub-period captures the devastation in performance of the unit trusts after the crisis. Active fund managers are usually presumed to possess superior abilities in asset allocation, security selection and market timing that assist them to consistently generate abnormal returns on a risk-adjusted basis. This research attempts to test this claim by making a distinction in performance attribution between returns generated as a result of managerial skills and those generated as a result of random chance. The study emerges by first examining the risk-adjusted performance of the South African unit trust managers against the performance of a broad market index proxied by FTSE/JSE All Share Index (ALSI). Six different risk-adjusted performance measures are employed for this purpose. Regardless of the different applications of risk parameters employed by each performance measure, the results reveal that on average, most of the South African unit trust managers do not outperform the market on a consistent basis. The majority of the unit trust managers show good performance during the first sub-period, with subsequent inferiority in performance during the second sub-period. The study further examines the performance of the South African unit trust managers relative to the pre-specified sector benchmarks constructed by following a set of performance attribution techniques proposed by Yu (2008) and Hsieh (2010). The objective of this test is to determine whether the equity unit trust managers are able to create value through their security selection skill in addition to their asset allocation decisions. Consistent with international evidence, the results reveal that returns generated by South African unit trusts are driven mainly by asset allocation activities and stock picking of asset managers do not add significant value. In addition, test results also indicate that South African equity unit trust managers are not good at managing risk as the majority of the unit trusts exhibit higher standard deviation compared to their benchmarks. Furthermore, the study examines the economic value contribution of the South African equity unit trust managers through their market timing activities. In particular, the study attempts to determine whether or not unit trust managers possess the ability to correctly anticipate future market movements. To achieve this, two market timing performance models developed by Treynor-Mazuy (1966) and Henrikson-Merton (1981) are employed. The results reveal that, regardless of the changes in market conditions, South African equity unit trust mangers delivered significantly inferior timing performance in both sub-periods and the overall examination periods that actually destroyed fund values. The paper concludes by stating that investors are better off by investing in cost-effective passive investment vehicles such as exchange traded funds (ETF's).
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Fenton-Douglas, Joyce. "From hand craft to digital technology : a practice-based material culture analysis of the historical and contemporary ancillary trades of the London élite fashion industry." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2015. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/8922/.
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The ancillary trades of the London based élite fashion industry are the focus of this practice-based research, which is founded in material culture studies. Hitherto these trades have not been the subject of any in depth scholarly work, and therefore this thesis seeks to make a contribution to knowledge by assessing and documenting their historical and contemporary application and significance; by examining and assessing the potential of laser technology to those trades that are concerned with embellishment; and by developing and applying a material culture framework to the execution and analysis of practice. The ancillary trades serve the material production of luxury fashion through the small scale, bespoke manufacturing of items such as artificial flowers and buttons; and the provision of specialist finishes such as bead-work, embroidery and pleating. These trades have developed little over the last century or more and most still involve varying degrees of skilled hand-making processes; but while their French counterparts are widely recognised as crafts, they remain an entity to which scant attention has been paid in assessments of either élite British fashion or of the crafts in Britain. Through a series of material culture analyses this research critically evaluates these trades, examining their contribution to the necessary distinction of historical and contemporary élite fashionable dress, and investigating the making practices and wider circumstances of key trades and practitioners. The contextual research not only situates the empirical practice-based case study in the field of interest but also is significant in informing the aesthetics and techniques invoked in practice. The potential of laser technology is investigated in the production of items of embellishment, alternatives to the more ubiquitous sequins, beads and faux jewels. Presented and critically evaluated within the thesis, the outcomes, a series of embellished textile proposals for the élite fashion industry, are hybrids of industrial process and hand-making techniques. Artefacts are central to this research. The interdisciplinary material culture theory and method of Jules David Prown, foregrounding the artefact as a repository of information, has been adopted for the contextual research and further developed in relation to the analysis of the objects that inform practice, while the outcomes of practice serve as material mnemonics in the retrieval of the intimacies of the making process. Referring to a range of associated literature, archival research and interview findings, the outcomes of the ancillary trades and of practice are examined in the aesthetic, cultural, technological, and socio-economic circumstances of their production and consumption.
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Alhajeri, M. "Health and safety in the construction industry : challenges and solutions in the UAE." Thesis, Coventry University, 2011. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/8ef107a7-8740-4cb5-ad55-07449f57cad4/1.
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Health and safety issues have always been a major problem and concern in the construction industry. Wherever reliable records are available, construction is found to be one of the most dangerous on health and safety criteria, particularly in developing countries. Efforts have been made to address this problem, but the results have been far from satisfactory, as construction accidents continue to dominate the overall construction industry. Despite the programs implemented by government authorities and measures introduced by companies themselves, the number of construction accidents still remains alarmingly high. In developing countries, safety rules usually do not exist; if they do, the regulatory authority is usually very weak in implementing such rules effectively. The UAE is one of developing countries that are currently enjoying a strong growth in construction activities. Unfortunately, some sectors of its construction industry suffer from poor safety and health conditions. Any framework of the existing occupational and health conditions is fragmented and inadequately enforced, making construction sites more hazardous. It may even be argued that relevant regulations are outdated and irrelevant in day-to-day construction operations. From this perspective this research explores the approved methods adopted in the UK in order to improve the existing code of practice in the UAE and thus introduce the foundations on which appropriate health and safety systems may be built. A framework for Health and Safety management in the UK is suggested. To reach this objective an overview of the published materials as well as the legislation has been undertaken. Questionnaires were designed and distributed to potential construction industry players and interview sessions have been conducted to meet the first objective of the project which to determine the health and safety measures currently applied on construction sites. In addition, structured interviews were carried out with selected managers from a selection of construction and oil companies, medium and large size. This thesis specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of construction workers and management safety practices. Based upon the analysis of the results, this study has demonstrated that the majority of those questioned UAE construction companies have a poor degree of risk awareness and do not seems to take health and safety as an important issue.
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Unver, Tayyar Can. "Determinants Of Managerial Responses To Environmental Issues In Small And Medium Enterprises In Turkey." Thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610265/index.pdf.
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The main purpose of this study is to identify the major driving factors that determine the environmental commitments and certification ownership of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey. Turkey has been undergoing major economic and environmental developments since 1990ies. SMEs play a significant role in the Turkish economy, constituting 99.8% of total enterprises in number. Even though most managers overlook their firms&rsquoparticular impacts, SMEs&rsquo
cumulative effect on natural environment is significant. According to previous research, regulations, community, competitors, suppliers, consumers and media have been found to be the main external determinants that affect a manager&rsquo
s attitudes about the environment and therefore his or her firm&rsquo
s environmental commitments
whereas managers&rsquo
beliefs about the environment, their confidence in their firm&rsquo
s abilities and resources and their environmental governance principles are the internal determinants. In line with previous research findings, this study tries to examine the effects of these factors along with the demographic characteristics of the manager&rsquo
s. As the results of the questionnaire distributed to 80 SME managers in Ankara suggest, institutional and social pressures and manager&rsquo
s confidence in him/herself and his/her firm&rsquo
s abilities showed to have significant influence on the firm&rsquo
s environmental commitments, along with the size of the company and the education level of the manager. In addition to that, external pressures and size are also major factors driving SMEs to obtain environmental certifications.
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Dell, Larissa. "Development of a holistic early warning system (EWS) for German food production SMEs." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2017. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5642/.
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This research project, which is limited to German SMEs, deals with the development of a holistic early warning system (EWS) integrating both a quality management system (QMS) and controlling (CO). Most of the concepts designed to identify company risks/crises are focused either on quantitative (operative) or qualitative (strategic) factors. Several authors point out the need for a more holistic approach including both quantitative and qualitative factors. This research, therefore, sought to explore controlling and quality management tools for EWSs in the food production industry, which are appropriate for recognizing risk factors of company failure, outlined by interview and literature review. Concepts and relations were generated with the help of turnaround-, controlling-, and quality management-experts and then confirmed/refined and analyzed by considering how they can be implemented in practice through the application of case study research. This research makes a contribution in the following areas: identification of requirements for an EWS; the exploration of appropriate QM and CO tools for EWS; the proposal of a holistic approach. The EWS, developed during this work, enables companies in the food production industry to tailor the framework for the specific needs of the company. Such a comprehensive, systematic approach (CO + QM) is currently unknown, both in research and also practice. Therefore, the work represents a new, innovative and implementable practical model.
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Rossi, Arianna. "Economic and social upgrading in global production networks : the case of the garment industry in Morocco." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6935/.
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The conditions under which social upgrading, i.e., the process of improvements in the rights and entitlements of workers as social actors by enhancing the quality of their employment, takes place in global production networks [GPNs] have not been sufficiently explored. This research addresses the following research questions: how is social upgrading defined? Under which conditions does social upgrading occur? How does economic upgrading influence social upgrading? How does the local and global social and institutional context influence social upgrading opportunities? First, the thesis establishes a definition and categorisation of social upgrading. Then, it answers these questions by analysing the empirical case study of the garment industry in Morocco. The analysis of key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews with factory managers and focus group discussions with workers shows that participation in GPNs can deliver opportunities as well as challenges for developing country workers. The main argument and contribution of the thesis to the existing literature is that the attainment of social upgrading is hindered by the tension existing between commercial embeddedness and social embeddedness of GPNs. All actors in GPNs find themselves caught in between commercial dynamics and the subsequent need for competitiveness, and the need of considering workers as social agents with rights. In particular, supplier firms in developing countries have to respond to international buyers' pressures to lower costs, increase quality and productivity, as well as deliver products on short notice and with great flexibility. At the same time, they have to comply to labour standards set by national and international regulations and by private buyers' codes of conduct. These pressures are contradictory and create a critical dilemma for suppliers. Struggling to reconcile buyers' requirements and faced with this tension, they attempt to mitigate it by employing two types of workers: regular workers who guarantee high quality and continuity, and are the recipient of social upgrading; and irregular workers, who ensure low costs and a high degree of flexibility, and are largely excluded from social upgrading opportunities and are often socially downgraded. Therefore, participation in GPNs delivers a mix of social upgrading and downgrading depending on the type of worker under consideration.
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Nafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332/document.
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Afin d'établir l'impact et le risque lié aux fertilisants chimiques depuis leur fabrication jusqu'à leur amendement sur la contamination des sols par les éléments traces métalliques, une étude de leur mobilité et leur transfert s'avère nécessaire. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était d'évaluer la source de contamination du sol par les éléments traces autour de l'industrie des fertilisants chimiques et suivre l'évolution temporelle de la mobilité et du transfert de ces éléments dans un profil du sol agricole amendé par des engrais phosphatés du type simple superphosphate (SSP) ou du phosphogypse. Pour cela nous avons utilisé des techniques permettant la caractérisation structurale et minéralogique des sols collectés comme la diffraction des rayons X et la microscopie électronique. Puis une caractérisation chimique des sols collectés concernant la concentration totale des éléments traces et des éléments majeurs a été établie. Comme la mobilité n'est pas stable au cours du temps dépendant de plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques comme le pH, le potentiel redox, la teneur en matière organique, une extraction séquentielle a été adoptée le long de l'étude au cours du temps et dans le profil du sol amendé jusqu'à une profondeur de 55 cm. En outre, l'absorption des éléments traces par les plantes cultivées sur le terrain agricole amendé par les engrais ou le phosphogypse a été analysée au cours du temps afin d'évaluer le risque lié à la chaîne alimentaire et plus particulièrement la chaîne alimentaire humaine induisant des effets négatifs sur la santé. Une comparaison entre l'application du phosphogypse et celle des engrais a été mise en évidence à la finalité de ce travailTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
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Vogt, Ralf. "Exploring enabling factors for purchasing integration into the innovation process in a German medium-sized system integrator of consumer electronics products." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2016. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3840/.
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The generation of attractive innovations is one of the most important and complex tasks companies undertake, the process of open innovation is being used to support this endeavour. SMEs often face difficulties applying and commercialising external sources’ technologies for their own purposes due to liability of smallness and related lack of capability of co-ordination. In particular, small and medium-sized system integrators of electronic consumer products (SIs) are (1) highly dependent on close collaboration with external organisations, (2) have to cope with turbulent technology markets, and have to manage (3) the continuous shortening of innovation cycles. These factors necessitate small and mediumsized SIs of electronic consumer products to increase their dynamic capability to innovate, which subsequently forms the basis for the SIs’ sustainable competitiveness. The effective embedding of the Purchasing Organisation (PO) into the innovation outside-in process can potentially become a major driver in improving the overall innovation process and company performance. However, given academic research does not provide sufficient insight concerning relevant Enabling Factors (EFs) and related drivers. Therefore, academics allude to a demand for further research in the field of early purchasing involvement in the innovation process. In addition, purchasing practitioners point to the low maturity of Purchasing Organisations with regard to securing innovations. To explore relevant Enabling Factors for purchasing integration into the innovation process, the qualitative study design was based on an embedded case study inquiry with multiple units of analysis. Data collection and analysis was realised through a sequential qualitative quantitative mixedmethod approach. For this reason, interviews were conducted with 7 purchasing experts from the medium-sized German television set manufacturer Loewe. To obtain insights as to the generalisability of the findings, a purposive selected sample of 11 purchasing experts from other SIs with high dependency on innovation suppliers were interviewed via webbased questionnaires. The study identified: EF1: External Interconnectedness EF2: Preferred Customer status Process EF3: Management Commitment to the PO EF4: External Interconnectedness EF5: Early Integration into Product Planning EF6: Degree of Professionalisation of the PO EF7: Innovation Management System and EF8: Open-minded Relations based on Trust as a relevant Enabling Factor. Furthermore, the study suggests direct relations between the EFs and 32 drivers that are formative to the related Enabling Factors. Based on the study findings, 14 strategic measures were defined via focus group interviews. In this way, the study contributes to given academic knowledge in the field of early purchasing involvement into new product development processes (NPD). With regard to such new product development processes, this study suggests integrating the PO, as a third element, into the R&D and marketing interface.
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Shihab, Mohamed, and Fredrik Bubere. "Hedging strategies of Swedish mining companies : a qualitative study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-79580.
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This study investigates how risk management in general, and hedging in specific is used in industries that produce and sell raw materials. We investigated the hedging strategies in the Swedish mining industry. We gathered data for this study from five interviews with CFO’s and Head of treasury’s from five different Swedish mining companies in order to get their expertise and opinions of hedging. We found that companies only hedged their commodity prices if they were forced by circumstances outside of their control. We also found interesting similarities and differences between state-owned and publicly traded companies.
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Aubé, Carole. "La naissance du Sentier : l'espace du commerce des tissus à Paris dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0168/document.
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Situé en plein cœur de Paris, le Sentier reconnu depuis la seconde moitié du XXe siècle comme le centre le plus actif du commerce international des tissus, s’est construit dans la continuité d’un ‘’Sentier ancien ‘’ qui trouve ses origines dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. En nous appuyant sur les Almanachs du Commerce de Paris pour reconstruire l’infrastructure économique de cet espace, nous avons pu mettre en évidence les caractéristiques de cet ensemble originaire et plus particulièrement la croissante centralité du quartier Montmartre dans le commerce des tissus. Placé à la lisière des grands boulevards et des lieux de la « nouvelle modernité » parisienne, ce quartier était le véritable noyau central du commerce des tissus en gros, animé par un négoce important et solidement implanté dans les rues du Sentier, Saint-Fiacre et des Jeûneurs. Il s’agit prioritairement, au début du siècle, du commerce des articles de toiles de coton et des châles, rejoints à partir des années 1830, par la vente de dentelles, de tissus mérinos et de tissus de nouveautés.Dans notre recherche pour saisir l’ensemble des éléments à l’œuvre dans la construction identitaire de cet espace original, l’exploitation de diverses sources, telles que les sources cadastrales, la composition des listes électorales ou les archives notariales, nous ont permis de restituer une image précise de ces dynamiques, de dégager l’importance de cette sphère professionnelle et ses multiples conséquences sur l’espace physique et social de ce quartierLocated in the very heart of Paris, the SENTIER which prevails in the second half of the 19th century as the most active center of the business of international trade of fabrics, built itself in the continuity of a " former SENTIER " which has its origins in the first half of the 19th century. Relying on the Almanachs of the Trade of Paris to reconstruct the economic infrastructure of this space, we were able to highlight the characteristics of this first socio-economic group and the increasing centrality of the Montmartre neighborhood in the trade of fabrics. Located at the edge of the places of the "new Parisian modernity ", this district became the central point of the wholesale fabrics trade, led by an important trade firmly established in the streets of the Sentier, Saint Fiacre and Jeuneurs. It mainly concerns, at the beginning of the century, the trade of articles of cotton cloths and shawls, joined from 1830s, by the sale of laces, merino fabrics and fashionable fabrics. In our search to seize all the elements in action in the identity construction of this original space, the exploitation of diverse sources, such as the cadastral sources, the composition of electoral rolls or the notarial archives, allowed us to restore a precise image of these dynamics to express the importance of this professional sphere and its multiple consequences on the physical and social space of this district
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Nilsson, Fredrik, and Zebastian Waak. "Bordet fullt med pengar : en studie om förstadagsavkastning i börsintroduktioner - ett branschperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-19649.
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Denna studie presenterar ett branschspecifikt perspektiv som tillägg till forskningen angående faktorer som påverkar underprissättning i börsintroduktioner. Mätningarna har ämnat att undersöka om det föreligger branscher som har avvikande förstadagsavkastning i förhållande till genomsnittet för samtliga branscher. Studien ämnade också att undersöka om avkastningsvariationerna för börsintroduktioner kan förklaras av att bolag tillhör olika branscher. Det underliggande argumentet för hypoteserna byggs från tidigare forskning som stödjer att bolag inom olika branscher står inför olika förutsättningar vilket kan påverka värderingen inför en börsintroduktion. Som tillägg i studiens huvudsakliga forskningsproblem har även en nyare typ av mätning tillämpats för en djupare analys av börsintroduktioner. Denna mätning ger indikationer till investerare om vilken del av börsintroduktioner som genererar mest avkastning. Studiens mätningar visade att det inte rådde signifikanta avkastningsavvikelser för någon bransch i förhållande till genomsnittsavkastningen för samtliga branscher. Mätningarna kunde inte heller påvisa att variationer i förstadagsavkastning förklaras av att bolag tillhör olika branscher då förklaringsgraden för dessa variabler var låga. Däremot påvisades signifikanta skillnader i genomsnittliga avkastningar mellan specifika branscher i samband med studiens regression. Detta indikerar att ytterligare undersökningar borde göras i syfte att undersöka genomsnittliga förstadagsavkastningar mellan specifika branscher.This paper adds an industry-specific perspective to the research concerning factors that affect underpricing in Initial Public Offerings. The measurements are intended to investigate whether there are industries that have deviating initial returns in relation to the average for all industries. The study also intends to examine whether the return variations for Initial Public Offerings can be explained by the fact that companies belong to different industries. The underlying argument for the hypotheses is built from previous research that supports that companies in different industries are faced with different conditions when they are to be valued for their Initial Public Offerings. In addition to the study's main research problems, a more recent type of measurement has also been applied for a deeper analysis of IPOs. The more recent type of measurement gives indications to investors over which time around an Initial Public Offerings the most money is earned. The study's measurements showed no significant return deviations for any industry in relation to the average return for all industries. Nor could it be demonstrated that variations in the first day return are explained with that companies belong to different industries since the degree of explanation for these variables were low. However, significant differences were found in average returns between specific industries in connection with the study's regression. This indicates that further investigations should be carried out to examining the average first day yield between specific industries.
34
Vandewattyne, Jean. "L'innovation managériale et la modernisation des entreprises." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212080.
Full textAbstract:
Partant du mouvement managérial de remise en cause de l'organisation classique aussi appelée bureaucratie mécaniste ou encore entreprise taylorienne et fordienne qui a pris vigueur au début des années 80, l'architecture de cette thèse se structure en trois parties étroitement interdépendantes.
La première partie porte sur l'innovation managériale, c'est-à-dire sur les doctrines et les outils de gestion qui, à partir de la fin du siècle passé et du début de ce siècle, ont façonné l'histoire du management. Le regard porté conduit à relativiser voire à rompre avec certains lieux communs. Ainsi force est de constater que l'entreprise classique a fait l'objet au cours du temps d'un certain nombre de critiques, d'un certain nombre de tentatives d'aménagement voire même de dépassement. Notons toutefois que, par rapport aux tentatives précédentes, celle qui a débuté au début des années 80 apparaît beaucoup plus profonde au niveau des intentions et surtout beaucoup plus largement partagée par les managers. Par ailleurs, la lecture avancée insiste sur la dimension cyclique de l'histoire du management. Enfin, concernant la période actuelle, l'idée de mode est réfutée au profit de celle d'un construit étalé dans le temps.
La deuxième partie est consacrée à une étude de cas portant sur une grande entreprise sidérurgique. L'analyse faite s'articule autour du concept de bloc sociotechnologique dont la paternité revient à Pierre Bouvier (Le travail au quotidien: une démarche socio anthropologique, Paris, PUF, 1989). Dans cette optique, l'histoire récente de l'entreprise peut être posée comme celle du passage d'un bloc à un autre, c'est-à-dire d'une articulation relativement cohérente entre des variables différentes sociale, économique, politique, technologique. à une autre. Pour le faire ressortir, trois histoires connexes ont été relatées et analysées en détail:
La première histoire est micro-économique. Elle fait une large place à la crise comme élément de rupture par rapport au passé et aux restructurations successives qu'elle a entraînées. Sur la durée, celles-ci sont particulièrement révélatrices de l'évolution des rapports de force entre les acteurs. Elles mettent également en lumière les "dégâts" humains et sociaux provoqués par la modernisation.
La deuxième histoire est relative à l'évolution technologique. En sidérurgie, comme dans la plupart des secteurs traditionnels, les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication sont venues véritablement bouleverser les univers de travail. A ce niveau, l'analyse s'est centrée sur les multiples effets socio-organisationnels liés à l'informatisation des outils.
La troisième et dernière a trait à la modernisation managériale. Dans le cas particulier de l'entreprise, elle débute à la fin des années 70 avec l'arrivée d'un nouveau directeur général. Toutefois, ce n'est qu'au début des années 80 que la volonté de renouveau managérial commence réellement à se concrétiser avec le développement des cercles de qualité et de progrès. Par la suite, l'entreprise ne cessera d'innover. Ainsi, vers la fin des années 80, la direction adopte la qualité totale comme mode de management. Dans ce cadre, elle multiplie les nouveaux concepts et les nouveaux outils de gestion: plan d'amélioration de la qualité, assurance qualité, topomaintenance, statistical process control, prime de progrès, etc. Enfin, après avoir réalisé d'importantes économies et fiabilisé son processus de production, vers le milieu des années 90, la direction témoigne d'une volonté de repenser son mode d'organisation et de gestion du personnel. Ainsi, par exemple, il est de plus en plus question d'organisation apprenante ou qualifiante.
Chacune de ces innovations a fait l'objet d'une présentation et d'une analyse socio-organisationnelle approfondie. Sans entrer dans les détails, soulignons cependant que la mise en oeuvre d'une nouvelle organisation du travail et d'une gestion individualisée des carrières vient en quelque sorte finaliser l'émergence d'un nouveau bloc sociotechnologique.
Quant à la troisième partie, elle est consacrée à une lecture théorique de l'innovation managériale à partir des concepts de l'analyse stratégique. Toutefois, la mobilisation du cadre théorique développé par Michel Crozier et Erhard Friedberg a également conduit à en souligner certaines limites dont le rejet de la dimension historique de l'organisation et de ses acteurs.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
35
Ghis, Malfilatre Marie. "Santé sous-traitée. Ethnographier les mobilisations contre les risques du travail dans l'industrie nucléaire en France (1968-2018)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH176.
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Cette thèse étudie les mobilisations contre les risques du travail dans l’industrie nucléaire en France entre 1968 et 2018. Elle éclaire la dynamique des actions syndicales et des processus d’alertes internes aux exploitants nucléaires. L’enquête s’articule autour de deux séquences impulsées respectivement depuis le Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA) et l’entreprise Électricité de France (EDF).La controverse autour des conditions de travail dans l’industrie nucléaire et du recours à des salariés d’entreprises sous-traitantes pour les opérations les plus exposées aux dangers de la radioactivité remonte aux années 1970. Elle ne cesse, depuis cette époque pionnière, de revenir sur le devant de la scène, sans toutefois susciter d’action publique à même de résoudre les problèmes soulevés. Cette controverse est alimentée par les enquêtes menées directement par les travailleurs de ce secteur et certains de leurs représentants syndicaux de la CFDT et de la CGT, avec le relais de médecins du travail, de scientifiques, de journalistes d’investigation et d’élus politiques. La thèse décrit les activités de problématisation du travail et du recours à la sous-traitance dans le nucléaire et rend compte de leur infélicité récurrente. Elle entend contribuer à mieux comprendre la faible visibilité sociale des enjeux de santé au travail et, plus largement, les processus d’émergence de publics mobilisés en démocratie et les logiques qui leur font obstacle.La démarche est d’ethnographie historique. Elle combine des observations et des entretiens, avec une plongée dans les archives. Elle étudie l’expérience du travail exposé aux risques dans cette industrie, la constitution du problème de la santé au travail sur différentes scènes, les parcours de personnes affectées ou concernées par ce problème et les phases successives de sa dynamique de publicisation et de confinementThis thesis studies the mobilizations against occupational risks in the French nuclear industry between 1968 and 2018. It sheds light on the dynamics of trade union actions and warning processes among the nuclear operators. The survey focuses on two episodes fostered by the Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique for the first one, and by the company Électricité de France (EDF) for the second one.In the 1970's, a controversy arose about working conditions in nuclear industry and the using of employees of subcontracting companies for the operations that were most exposed to radioactive hazards. Since then, it has been constantly re-appearing but has never generated public action able to solve the problem. Surveys done directly by workers of this industry and some of their union representatives (of the CFDT and CGT trade unions) contribute to this controversy. They find support from labour doctors, scientists, investigative journalists, and elected politicians. The thesis describes the processes of problematization of labour and recourse to subcontractors in nuclear industry. It depicts its recurring failures. It helps understanding why the issues in occupational health do not gain more social visibility and, more broadly, how do mobilized publics emerge in democracies and which kind of hurdles does this emergence have to face.Historical ethnography is the chosen approach. It combines observations, interviews and work in the archives. It studies the experience of working with the radioactive hazards in this industry, the formation of the public issue of occupational health in several landscapes, life paths of affected or involved persons. It sheds light on the dynamics of the problem, that is gradually publicized and then confined
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Murray, Nicky. "A history of apprenticeship in New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1599.
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This Master's thesis is a history of apprenticeship in New Zealand. Apprenticeship has traditionally been the main route for entry into the skilled trades. At one level apprenticeship is a way of training people to do a particular job. The apprentice acquires, in a variety of formal and informal ways, the skills necessary to carry out their trade. The skills involved with each trade, tied inextricably to the technology that is used, are seen as the 'property' of the tradesperson. Learning the technical aspects of the job, however, is only a part of what goes on during an apprenticeship. The apprentice is also socialised into the customs and practices of the trade, learning implicitly and explicitly the hierarchies within the workplace, and gaining an appreciation of the status of his or her trade. Apprenticeship must also be viewed in the wider context of the relationship between labour and capital. The use of apprenticeship as an exclusionary device has implications for both worker and employer. Definitions of skill, and the ways in which technological advances are negotiated, are both dependent on the social setting of the workplace, which is mediated by social arrangements such as apprenticeship. This thesis thus traces the development of apprenticeship policies over the years, and examines within a theoretical context the debate surrounding those policies. Several themes emerge including the inadequacy of the market to deliver sustained training, the tension between educators and employers, and the importance of a tripartite accord to support efficient and equitable training. Apprenticeship has proved to be a remarkably resilient system in New Zealand. This thesis identifies factors that have challenged this resilience, such as changes in work practices and technology, and the historically small wage differentials between skilled and unskilled work. It also identifies the characteristics that have encouraged the retention of apprenticeship, such as the small-scale nature of industry in New Zealand, and the latter's distinctive industrial relations system. It is argued that benefits to both employer and worker, and the strength of the socialisation process embodied in apprenticeship, will ensure that some form of apprenticeship remains a favoured means of training young people for many of the skilled trades.
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Dufour, Maxime. "Clauses contractuelles et non-concurrence : approche de droit des affaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0316.
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Dans notre monde actuel, les entreprises utilisent, pour se prémunir de toute atteinte et protéger au maximum leurs intérêts économiques, des techniques contractuelles élaborées par la pratique telles que les clauses de non-concurrence, les clauses de confidentialité, les clauses de non-réaffiliation et les clauses de non sollicitation.Ces clauses occupent de multiples champs de l’activité contractuelle en mêlant le droit des contrats, le droit des affaires et le droit du travail. Elles visent à interdire au cocontractant, d’exercer une activité professionnelle, de divulguer des informations secrètes, ou encore d’embaucher certains collaborateurs. Ainsi, elles viennent limiter une liberté fondamentale, plus spécialement la liberté du commerce et de l’industrie. Dès lors, il semble nécessaire d’élaborer un régime juridique commun à toutes ces clauses afin de préserver d’un coté la protection de l’activité économique des entreprises et de l’autre la sauvegarde de la liberté économique des contractants soumis à de telles clauses. L’intérêt d’un régime commun est d’anticiper les conditions de validité et de mise en œuvre des ce type de clauses. De cette façon, la prévisibilité ne ferait plus défaut aux contractants. L’élaboration de ce droit commun passe par deux étapes. La première est relative à l’identification des clauses limitatives de concurrence. Il s’agit de saisir leur autonomie par rapport aux contrats dans lesquels elles peuvent être insérées et d’en tirer les conséquences au niveau leur validité. La seconde est relative à la mise en œuvre de ces clauses. Leur application est délicate car dépendante pour une grande partie de la précision de leur contenu. En cas de non-respect, un vaste choix de remèdes est offert au contractant déçu pour venir sanctionner le manquement contractuel constatéIn the modern world, to guard themselves from damage and to protect at best their economical interests, companies use contractual techniques developed by usage such as non-compete clauses,confidentiality clauses, non-reaffiliation clauses and non-solicitation clauses. These clauses cover many fields of contractual legality, mixing contract law, labor law and business law. Their aim is to prohibit the co-contractor to practice a professional activity, to disclose secret information, or even to employ specific colleagues, or contributors. Thus, they are brought to restrict a fundamental freedom, specifically the freedom of trade and of industry. As a result, it appears necessary to formulate a common legal system for all these clauses so as to preserve on one side the protection of the economic activity of the companies et on the other side the safeguard of the economic freedom of the co-contractors subject to these clauses. The benefit of a common legal system is the anticipation of the conditions of validity and implementation of this type of clause. In this way, the cocontractants will not lack in foresight. The development of this common right is in two steps. This includes confirming their autonomy relative to the contracts in which they may be inserted and draw the necessary conclusions regarding their validity. The second step is relative to the implementation of these clauses. Their application is sensitive because it depends for the most part on the precision of their content. In case of a breach of contract, a large array of legal remedies is available to the aggrieved contractor to penalize the breach of contract
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Choy, Monica Wai Chun. "Employee turnover in the Hong Kong travel agency: perceptual differences between managers and customer contact staff." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1322572.
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Professional Doctorate - Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)Employee retention remains a top priority to facilitate operational effectiveness and improve service quality and profitability in labor-intensive industries like travel agencies. To minimize employee turnover rate and increase employee retention, it is useful to prioritize employee’s expectations by identifying what factors affect their intention and decision to leave or stay. Identifying the existence of any perceptual gaps between employees and managers in terms of these factors can also help focus improvement efforts by directing organizational resources to narrow these gaps. The majority of empirical studies in the industry focus on the catering and lodging sector. Only a limited number of studies focus on voluntary turnover in travel agencies and most of them have adopted a quantitative approach to test existing theories. This study explores and explains the employee turnover phenomena using inductive and qualitative approach by semi-structured interviews to recount and reflect the perceptual difference between customer contact staff and managers over job change. The findings reveal salary and workplace communication and interpersonal relationship are the most important job satisfier/dissatisfier, having a positive/negative impact on intention to leave. Job nature, office location, workplace relationship, remuneration and career prospect are found as the top criteria in deciding job withdrawal. Managers should aim to narrow the perceptual difference between themselves and employee on areas like late penalty, re-hiring opportunities and training. Identification of the gaps between managers and employees can help travel agencies formulate better human resources polices to enhance employee retention. This research also answers the call for empirical studies in travel trading industry to have a better understanding of employee turnover and retention and contribute to theory-building in this important sector. A conceptual framework is developed to delineate the entire voluntary turnover process starting from identifying key job satisfiers and dissatisfiers affecting withdrawal intention, leading to stabilizing and destabilizing factors that subsequently affect the decision to leave/stay. The path is then extended to sources of job withdrawal signal and possible career plans after quitting. The study generates important implications for further research and policy.
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Guo, Wenbin. "Strategies for Entering the Chinese Outbound Travel Market." Thesis, 1999. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/224/.
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China represents a huge opportunity for the development of world tourism in the coming years. Now this opportunity has come closer as China's admission into the WTO (World Trade Organisation) has occurred. This has raised the expectation that foreign firms will explore and benefit from Chinese outbound market growth. However, what are the risks associated with entry into the Chinese outbound market? What strategies are most likely to succeed in the Chinese outbound market? This research is a timely study undertaken to examine the structure of the Chinese outbound tourism industry, its characteristics and the influencing factors which drive its evolution. Successful entry strategies can only grow out of sophisticated understanding of industry structure and how it evolves. Based on a review of the Chinese travel history, the competitive theories of West and East, and a thorough analysis of industrial practice in China, a conceptual framework for industry structure has been created in Chapter Four. The conceptual framework is tested by a random sample of 210 personal interviews with Chinese travel operators in Beijing, Shanghai and Qingdao. The findings of this research demonstrate that Australia holds a favourable market position in the current and future Chinese outbound industry. The research demonstrates that Australia's unique position is derived from a market perception of 'famous, fresh and authentic', a profile that can serve Chinese market needs in the coming years. The research also shows that the current outbound industry structure in China is the outcome of government policies. It has high barriers to entry. However, future industry structure and market competition will be determined by a company's capability to perform (including firm capability, structure and performance, strategy for future and product offerings). Finally, the research analyses the choices of entry strategy available for Australian travel firms, and the possible future direction for market growth under WTO open policies. research demonstrates that Australia's unique position is derived from a market perception of 'famous, fresh and authentic', a profile that can serve Chinese market needs in the coming years. The research also shows that the current outbound industry structure in China is the outcome of government policies. It has high barriers to entry. However, future industry structure and market competition will be determined by a company's capability to perform (including firm capability, structure and performance, strategy for future and product offerings).
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Fürstová, Dana. "Cestovní ruch a cestování v 70. a 80. letech 20. století z perspektivy občanů ČSSR." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-336414.
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The Master's thesis focuses on the phenomenon of travel from the perspective of Czechoslovak citizens who travelled to destinations offered by travel agencies, trade unions or their employers from the 1970s to 17th November 1989. The time span is defined by the memory of the living narrators, who can refer to their travel in adulthood. The economic and social situation is addressed in the first part of the thesis, followed by issues related to tourism. The main part consists of interpretation of biographical narratives focused on the phenomenon of travel. Synthesis of biographical exploration and acquired data can result in a personal as well as historic view of the travel phenomenon within the defined time span. Findings about travelling and travel industry are summarized at the end of this master's thesis with regard to the present. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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LUKSCHOVÁ, Miroslava. "Technické památky na Českobudějovicku a jejich využití v cestovním ruchu." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-49960.
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This diploma thesis analyses technical heritage sites near the town of České Budějovice. The analysis also comprises an assessment of the current status of utilisation of these technical heritage sites in travel industry. A utilization plan of technical heritage sites as travel industry products was also formed on the basis of primary and secondary sources.
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"A study of the China market for the Hong Kong building services industry." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5885857.
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Tai, Chiung Yu, and 戴瓊玉. "The Taiwan Textile Industry Exporter’s Triangular Trades Operating Model in Mainland China." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13309183329723951703.
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碩士輔仁大學
織品服裝學系
94
This research aims at a further research into exporters of the textile industry of Taiwan dealing with issues of the triangular trade in Mainland China. In view of the transition of Taiwan industry and the marketing mechanism in China's Mainland as well as the trend of economic globalization, exporters of the textile industry of Taiwan have to step out of the comfort zone and move forward in order to stay competitive based on the requests of existing customers and the demands of the current market. Enterprises can only continue to survive and prosper by keeping up with the steps of the world globalization to remain in close contact with the ever-changing trend of the world. The target of this research is aimed at and limited to enterprises currently using the OBU mode to operate the triangular trade in Mainland China. A total of fifty questionnaires have been returned in which 42% of the interviewees express that tax affairs and account-auditing are their main concerns in operating the OBU mode; 44% of the interviewees express their uncertainty about the OBU mode. 78% of the interviewees think that there is no better alternative and option available than using the OBU mode while 14 % of the interviewees remain their doubts about this opinion. The main reason that the triangular trade are being practiced by exporters of the textile industry of Taiwan in Mainland China lies in the market demand for importing merchandises made in Mainland China. More specifically, 94% of the interviewees engage in the triangular trade in Mainland China mainly due to the demands of their existing clients; 60% of the interviewees think that they will be able to develop new customer lines and 92% of the interviewees believe that engaging in the triangular trade is a key factor in continually running and managing textile business in Mainland China. Lastly, the narration and analysis presented by the traders are based on their actual experiences, and the suggestions made deal with and address the often-seen obstacles encountered by general traders in this field, so as to provide actual and valuable information to the concerned organizations for references, thereby being able to formulate and establish laws and decrees that are better suited to the actual situations in order to facilitate a smoother operation of the triangular trade across the straits.
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Pieters, Hendrik Schalk. "Training and development opportunities for the rigger ropesman artisan in the mining and minerals industry / Hendrik Schalk Pieters." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11939.
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The mining engineering world is continuously experiencing new challenges whether it is economically, technologically or socially, there will always be something new in sight.
Training and Development fulfils the role of the “breeder” of competence workforce and therefore it is essential to assure constant growth and progress within the skills and development environment. Personal attribute and dedication are the drivers of our success and achievements in our careers. The capacity of our trade and occupation does not set the limits and pace of our intensification to strive for the bigger and better in future. The career background and training and development opportunities are essential aspects to be renowned with before engaging with the learning intervention. Assure you start your career in the artisan trade that you desire to be a successful example in and discover the engineering world where the spectrum is never-ending.
Development opportunities exist for all, irrespective of the trade and occupation.
This study illustrates that even the smaller trade‟s artisans as focused on in this study, namely the Rigger Ropesman, can achieve higher laurels if the energy and efforts are exploited in the applicable avenues. The starting blocks, must be the blocks that fit yourself as individual learner, if not, even the first steps in the career will be started in stumbling mode. This qualitative research design study discovered numerous persons who started a career without knowing what it entails. The Rigger Ropesman artisans, Engineering Foremen and Learners who were interviewed as the target group contributed to achieving the aim of the study. The aim of the study was the possible training and development opportunities for the Rigger Ropesman in the Mining and Minerals Sector. Future studies can be conducted on career guidance and training and development opportunities in other engineering trades as this study only focused on the Rigger Ropesman trade in the Mining and Minerals Sector.MEd (Training and Development), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
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Wang, Hsiao-Chi, and 王曉琪. "Operating Strategic of the Publicly Traded Application Software Industry in Taiwan: Applying Analysis of Multi-stage Efficiency." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eg89u9.
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碩士稻江科技暨管理學院
數位內容設計與管理學系研究所
102
Taiwan’s software applications industry has been considered one of the country’s most promising industries thanks to the advent of the Internet era and the associated needs of e-commerce and corporate digitization. The total share of GDP contributed by Taiwan’s software applications industry can serve as an index through which to evaluate the outcome of Taiwan’s knowledge- and digital-oriented economic policies. However, many software applications producers have found it difficult to maintain their global competence under the pressure of market competition, especially in terms of the quality and quantity of industrial operations, and it is commonly thought that direct solutions addressing such issues are needed through research focusing on the efficiency of corporations’ business administration. This study aims to generate the principle ideas with which to help associated decision makers achieve rational outcomes. Specifically, using the data envelopment analysis method (Data Envelopment Analysis; DEA), this study measures the operating efficiency of Taiwan’s listed software applications companies from 2008 to 2012 by comparing the differences between various efficiency modes as part of a multi-stage approach.
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Chen, Yi-Mei, and 陳懿梅. "A Study of Potential Financial Distress of Publicly Traded Firms: The Case of Electronic Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34924186643043266842.
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碩士元智大學
會計學系
93
ABSTRACT This study examines four notable cases where once regarded as glamorous companies defaulted and caused substantial losses to investors. Financial data of the sample firms and all firms in the industries to which these firms belong over the period from 2001 through 2004 were collected to examine Altman Z score, profitability, operating efficiency, and cash flows from operations. The purpose of the study includes: (1) whether investors can use simple financial statement analysis to avoid investing in firms that may default in the near future, (2) whether Altman Z can assist investors to predict potential financial distress three years before it occurs, and (3) whether investors can use ratios from balance sheet, income statement and the statement of cash flows to predict financial distress so that they can avoid material losses. The results include: (1) only firms in software industry have normal Altman Z scores and the case firm Hwang-Tung’s Z score was significantly lower than other firms in the industry; when comparing financially distressed firm’s Z score with respective industry average, case firms’ Z scores were significantly lower than industry average at least one year before the news of default broke out; (2) all case firms show that the number of days of accounts receivable increased over the study period, indicating that the accounts became increasingly uncollectible; increasing operating cycles indicating that the deteriorating liquidity; profitability also showed a declining trend. Case firms continued to borrow to finance capital expenditures, further depress the debt ratio. These indicators foreshadow financial distress firms. Conclusions are: first, investors should heed number of days of the accounts receivable outstanding; second, increasing debt ratio increases the level of financial risk; and finally, cash flows from operating activities are the best source for growth whereas cash flows from borrowing can be costly to a firm. Keywords: financial distress, z score, trend in financial ratios, cash flows from operating activities
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KUNG, CHIN-CHUAN, and 孔金傳. "The Study of The Dea Application on Public Traded Company Performance--A Case Study of Building Material Industry." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95621558197840367582.
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碩士大漢技術學院
流通與行銷管理研究所
102
This study mainly focuses on the operational effeciency of public traded building material company, by using 47 public traded building material companies in Taiwan as research samples, and the third quarter in 2012 to the third quarter in 2013 as the research period. The X variables are “Total Assets”, “Operating Costs”, Stockholders’ Equity”, and “Capital”. “Revenue” and “Operating Income” are the two output variables. In order to calculate the overall efficiency, “Skill Efficiency”, “Enterprise Scale Efficiency” and the “State of Returns to Scale”, the CCR and BCC model of DEA are used. Then, slack variable analysis and sensitivity analysis are used to explore the performances of the public traded building material companies in Taiwan, and further undertand the reasons of inefficiency. Last, this research proposes relative operational suggestions for reference in terms of operating model and strategic positioning. This empirical research shows the followig results: 1.Huayulien Construction, Yu Foong International Corporation, Da Cin Construction, I-Sunny Construction & Development, Kedge Construction, Radium Life Tech, Farglory, and Chong Hong Construction are the eight companies which have achived the most appropiate effeciency for two years. Chong Hong Construction may be the role model for other companies which did not reach the most appropiate effeciency. 2.The overall efficiency for these two years is similar. The “Skill Efficiency” of the companies is better in general. Most of the companies stay in the fixed “State of Returns to Scale”. 3.As for the overall performance, Huang Hsiang Construction of the third quarter in 2012, and Chong Hong Construction of the third quarter in 2013 should be recommenced as role models, according to the analysis. 4.“Operating Costs” has the most significant effect on “Overall Efficiency” and “Skill Efficiency” of the public traded matererial building companies in Taiwan, according to the sensitivity analysis under CCR and BCC models.
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HUANG, MING-HSIUNG, and 黃明雄. "Operating Strategic Of The Publicly Traded Electronic Components Industry In Taiwan:Application Of Multi-stage Data Envelopment Analysis Method." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/takq39.
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碩士稻江科技暨管理學院
境外EMBA企業管理碩士在職專班
102
Electronics industry in the economic development process of modern Taiwan, has been playing a pivotal role. There is a close relationship between the country's economic growth and stability of the electronics industry. Recently, however, affected by the global economy, resulting in PMI declined to make the manufacturing sector shrinking. In 2011, our nation's electronic components sold all results for 15 countries of EU declined by 17.9%. The study conducts analysis the efficiency of domestic electronic components industry operating in Taiwan over the period of 2008-2012 by using multi-stage of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Moreover, the efficiency reference set identifies which electronic components industry rate inefficient, and the slack variable analysis provides a comprehension of the ways to improve the inputs or outputs of those inefficient units.
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Sangweni, Nondumiso. "Women in construction: hindrances that shorten the professional working life of female site engineers on construction sites in South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17618.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Building (Project Management in Construction).The issues relating to women in construction exist internationally and, over the years they have been analysed from affirmative action Piper (2002) to cultural beliefs Hopkins & McManus (1998) job satisfaction and development Dabke (2008) and perception and professional acceptance Perreault (1992) & Enshassia (2008). In South Africa, following studies have been analysed, Verway (2005) looked at comparative analysis between SA and USA women entrepreneurs in construction, Mjolo-Mncube (2005) analysed opportunities for women in housing and construction, Mahlobo (2006) looked at challenges faced by women contractors in housing construction. However, not much emphasis has been put around hindrances that shorten the professional working life of female site engineers on construction sites in South Africa. The study adopted qualitative research method. Fifteen female site engineers currently working on construction sites for different construction companies were selected for questionnaires and open ended interview questions. Major findings identified discrimination, construction culture, work-conflict, glass ceiling, under representation of women and impact of cultural beliefs to be the hindrances that shorten the professional working life of female site engineers on construction sites. To retain female site engineers in the construction industry, it is recommended that employers introduce flexible work schedule; introduce mentorship programs and give them the same opportunities as their male counterparts in order to create more diversity in the sector thus increasing creativity and efficiency. Keywords: construction, site, engineers, work-life balance, hindrances, women, culture.
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Huang, Chi-Wen, and 黃琪文. "Construction of the Publicly Traded Shipping Industry Performance Appraisal Model Among China, Taiwan and Hong Kong - Application of Network Data Envelopment Analysis Method." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53557333787036035268.
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碩士稻江科技暨管理學院
境外EMBA企業管理碩士在職專班
104
Among China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, shipping industry in modern economic development mileage playing a pivotal role. However, shipping industry and industrial pulsation global trade and the world economy are closely related. Therefore, how to effectively assess and improve the operating performance of the shipping enterprises, it has become an issue of concern to interested parties of the enterprise itself and the investing public and so on. The study conducts analysis the efficiency of shipping industry operating among China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, over the period of 2009-2013 by using Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The purpose of the study is to measure the operating efficiency of shipping companies listed on the overall (including operations, profitability and market), its findings can provide shipping companies, authorities and the public understand the business before shipping enterprises, as the relevant unit management and investors in the elaboration of reference and resource allocation of decision-making.