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Journal articles on the topic 'Travel trade industry'
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Samarina, A. S., and Shaoyuan Wang. "Russia’s intra-industry trade in travel services: specifics and intensity." Journal of International Economic Affairs 10, no. 4 (2020): 1503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18334/eo.10.4.110907.
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Samarina, A. S., and Shaoyuan Wang. "Russia’s intra-industry trade in travel services: specifics and intensity." Journal of International Economic Affairs 10, no. 4 (2020): 1503–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18334/eo.10.4.110907.
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Bogale, Mekonnen, Muluken Ayalew, and Wubishet Mengesha. "The Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism Industry of Sub-Saharan African Countries in the World Market." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(1), no. 10(1) (February 28, 2021): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajthl.19770720-91.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate competitiveness of Travel and Tourism industry of Sub-Saharan African countries in the world market. The study used Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) and Relative Trade Advantage (RTA) indexes as a measure of competitiveness based on secondary data from ITC trade database covering between 2000 and 2019. The findings of the study revealed that SSA countries like Mauritius, South Africa, Seychelles and Namibia have competitive T&T industry consistently in the years between 2000 and 2019. However, SSA countries such as Botswana, Tanzania, Senegal, Kenya and Rwanda have competitiveness vary by years. Moreover, South Africa has highest comparative advantage followed by Tanzania and Mauritius. The study provided valuable information to industry leaders, policy makers, business owners and international organizations such as UN and UNESCO to design appropriate strategies and systems aiming to sustain and improve travel and tourism industry competitiveness in SSA countries. It is the first study in applying NRCA and RTA indexes to investigate the competitiveness of T&T Industry in SSA countries. Keywords: Competitiveness; export; import; performance; tourism; travel
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Warda, Samia Youssry. "Emirati Millennials: A Catalyst for Innovation in the Tourism Industry." Transnational Marketing Journal 7, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v7i2.776.
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It is evident that generational shifts in tourist behaviour facilitate the anticipation and accommodation of future trends in the industry. Although a unique and influential tourist segment, the millennial generation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has not been adequately researched. This paper aims to explore the travel patterns of Emirati millennials; particularly their preferences, their online travel behaviour and the impact of social media on their choices. After reviewing the academic and trade literature on millennial travelers and some cases of existing innovative practices of tourism businesses targeting millennials, the paper will present the results of a survey conducted to investigate the travel patterns of young Emirati travelers, contributing to the literature on this emerging segment which is almost nonexistent. The research offers useful insights into what Emiratis value the most, their preference for leisure travel to new destinations and the influence of travel apps and social media on their travel planning. The research led to the development of suggestions for businesses aiming to attract millennials.
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Beirman, David. "Collaborative approaches to government travel advisories in Australia between Australia’s travel industry leadership and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2003–2017." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718757271.
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The October 2002 Bali bombing was a catalyst for the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) to radically alter its approach to the content and dissemination of Australian government travel advisories. Integral to DFAT’s post-Bali strategy was its decision to seek the collaborative support of the Australian outbound travel industry leadership to broaden dissemination of travel advisories to outbound Australian travellers. Although initial contacts between DFAT and the Australian travel industry leaders in early 2003 were contentious, subsequent negotiations resulted in the world’s first signed agreement between a foreign ministry and a national travel industry leadership in June 2003. The initial agreement, the Charter for Safe Travel involved the Australian travel industry’s commitment to disseminate DFAT travel advisories in exchange for a viable consultative role in their content. Australia’s collaborative model was adopted in the UK from 2004, in Canada from 2005 and New Zealand since 2016. Globally, consultation between national travel industry leaders and national foreign ministries is rare, despite the support of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the World Travel and Tourism Council and the Pacific Asia Travel Association. Through participant observation research, in the context of collaboration and stakeholder theories, this article discusses the evolution of a consultative relationship between DFAT and the Australian outbound travel industry leadership and other relevant stakeholders between 2003 and 2017. The observations made in this study reveal that collaborative consultation has achieved positive changes to travel advisories which feature regionally specific, timely and comprehensible content. These qualitative enhancements have been complemented by enhanced dissemination of Australian government travel advisories. Australia’s Consular Consultative Group serves as a working model for similar collaboration, in the interests of global tourism safety.
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Maqbool, Muhammad Shahid, Furrukh Bashir, and Altaf Hussain. "The Competitiveness of Tourism Industry of Pakistan and India in the World Market: A Comparative Analysis." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v3i1.183.
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The current study aims at measuring the competitiveness and comparative advantage of the tourism industry which is one of the most profitable non-technology-based economic sectors of Pakistan and India. This study applied several indices of revealed comparative advantage to examine competitiveness in travel and tourism industry experts and the data have been taken from International Trade Center (ITC) during 2005-2020. The results of RCA, RSCA, LnRCA and RCA# highlight that both Pakistan and India had a comparative disadvantage from 2005-2020. Travel and tourism imports from India and Pakistan had a comparative advantage, according to RMA index data, during the analysis. From 2005 to 2020, India and Pakistan had a net competitive disadvantage in this sector, according to the Relative Trade Advantage index. Moreover, the results of TBI portray that both countries were net-importer in the travel and tourism industry. The results of this study suggest that these countries should improve tourism businesses by investing more in tourism and increasing promotional activities.
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Orishev, Aleksandr B., Azer A. Mamedov, Igor Yu Zalysin, Dmitry V. Kotusov, and Sergey L. Grigoriev. "The Development of Travel and Tourism Industry in Iran." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 9 (December 27, 2020): 2173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.257.
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The article presents the results of scientific research devoted to the study of tourism in the countries of the Far East, obtained at one of its stages. The purpose of the article is to characterize the state of rural tourism in Iran. The article shows how the attitude to tourism has changed in this country, uncovering the main reasons for the growth of domestic and international tourist flows in recent years. There are several areas of rural tourism in Iran, which include visits to historical villages and free trade zones, camping in nomad tents, recreation in parks and natural resorts, and trips to the desert. The main research findings of the authors demonstrate the problems facing rural tourism in Iran and identify the risks that arise in this sector of the economy.
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Chang, Shun-Chiao, and Fav-Tsoin Lai. "Intra-Continental and Intercontinental Service Trade in the Travel and Tourism Industry." Tourism Economics 17, no. 5 (October 2011): 963–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2011.0078.
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Qiu Zhang, Hanqin. "Accession to the World Trade Organization: challenges for China's travel service industry." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 16, no. 6 (October 2004): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110410550815.
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Guo, Shan, Geoffrey Shen, Jay Yang, Bingxia Sun, and Fan Xue. "Embodied energy of service trading in Hong Kong." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 4, no. 2 (September 21, 2015): 234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-08-2014-0046.
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Purpose – Energy is a resource of strategic importance for high density cities. International trade reshapes the urban economy and industrial structure of a city, which will indirectly affect energy use. As an international trade hub, Hong Kong relies on the import and export of services. Energy performance in the international trading of these services needs to be properly understood and assessed for Hong Kong’s urban renewal efforts. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This study evaluates Hong Kong’s embodied energy in service trades based on an input-output analysis. The three criteria used for assessment include trading areas, industry sector and trade balance. Findings – Analyzed by region, results show that Mainland China and the USA are the two largest sources of embodied energy in imports of services, while Mainland China and Japan are the two largest destinations of exports. In terms of net embodied energy transfer, Hong Kong mainly receives net energy import from Mainland China and the USA and supplies net energy export to Japan, the UK and Taiwan. Among industry sectors, manufacturing services, transport and travel contribute most significantly to the embodied energy in Hong Kong’s imported services, while transport and travel contribute most to the energy embodied in exported services. Originality/value – This study identifies the characteristics of energy consumption of service trading and establishes a feasible approach to analyze energy performance of service trade in energy-deficient Hong Kong for the first time. It provides necessary understanding and foundation for developing energy strategies in a service-based, high density urban economy.
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Karthikeyan, I. M., and K. Raja Alias Pranmalai. "A A Study on Challenges and Opportunities in Tourism Sector in India." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v10i1.4479.
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The movement and the travel industry have been arising as one of the quickest and biggest developing monetary areas worldwide. It contributes around the world work and Domestic Product expanded essentially. In India now daily Tourism is a sunrise industry. It is likewise contributing to work age. Furthermore, it is an instrument of unfamiliar trade for the nation and a monetary action that helps neighborhood and host networks. The Tourism area is one way to foster the country and its chronicled places are one of the vital components for Indian Tourism. In any case, this area is confronting difficulties like the absence of good quality foundation of the travel industry, worldwide worries for wellbeing and security of vacationers, the street and thruway administrations charge structures across different states, incompetent labor in this area. The paper is offering imperative to factors that influence Tourism Sector. The information is taken from different public and global reports, diaries, books, magazines and other writing of this discipline. The Indian travel industry is assuming a significant part in the monetary improvement of numerous areas of the state by creating business. Gujarat the travel industry, helps the world popular Indian customary Art and specialty.
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Dempere, Juan, and Kennedy Modugu. "Tourist destination competitiveness and ESG performance in the airline industry." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 4 (November 8, 2022): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.12.
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The relevance of corporate environmental, social, and governance performance (ESG) has increased significantly during the last few years. The airline industry is susceptible to such environmental, social, and governance practices, which explains its selection for the analysis purposes in this study. This paper analyzes the influence of the Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index and its constituent factors on environmental, social, and governance performance variables in a sample of leading airline companies worldwide with historical data available from 2013 to 2019. The study required analyzing panel data using a panel-corrected standard error model. The results suggest that airlines headquartered in countries with ideal conditions for operating businesses and outstanding information and communication technology readiness show excellent environmental, social, and governance performance. However, the findings also imply that airline companies headquartered in countries with heavy government influence on the airline industry sector measured by the government prioritization of the domestic travel and tourism sector have poor environmental, social, and governance performance. Similarly, the analysis provided evidence that countries well positioned to join national air service arrangements and subscribe to regional trade agreements have airline companies with excellent environmental, social, and governance performance metrics. The reported results can be priceless for policymakers designing national travel and tourism policies to enhance domestic airline firms’ environmental, social, and governance performance.
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Huang, Rong, and Tao Xu. "Opportunities and challenges brought by the China outbound travel market." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 10, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 642–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2018-0049.
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Purpose As the Chinese outbound travel market has become a paramount target for world tourism with significant growth potential, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact that the Chinese outbound travel market has on the European tourism industry. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews both academic and trade literature to provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges that the China outbound travel market might bring to the European tourism industry. Findings The paper presents the major topics relating to China outbound tourism research and the current research gaps. Chinese outbound tourists are not a homogenous group of tourists. The paper addresses opportunities and challenges from two key segments of China outbound travel (Chinese international students and Chinese senior tourists). Practical implications The paper calls for alternative and innovative research methods and research behaviour in tracking the impact of Chinese outbound tourists. Closer collaboration between academics and industry practitioners might provide a better understanding of this market. Originality/value The paper offers recent insights on the Chinese outbound tourism market based on an analysis of relevant literature by both academics and industry practitioners. This allows the relevant stakeholders to adopt proactive strategies to minimise potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities.
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Downie, Margaret, and Denise Gosling. "Offshore Helicopter Travel: Is the U.K. Oil and Gas Industry Failing Workers?" NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no. 4 (November 9, 2019): 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291119887189.
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In the United Kingdom, oil and gas workers have been transported by helicopter to their workplace at offshore installations for more than fifty years. During that time, there have been numerous fatal helicopter accidents. Despite calls from trade unions, families, and politicians, a public inquiry has never been held into offshore helicopter transport. The authors consider whether enough has been done to ensure the safety of these workers to meet legal and ethical standards. They analyze the legal position, the implementation of recommendations made in the wake of these accidents, and the way in which the power imbalance between oil and gas companies and helicopter operators influences safety in this area. They conclude that a public inquiry is required into helicopter safety in the U.K. Continental Shelf area.
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Sharples, Liz, and Gaby Marcon-Clarke. "Collaborative approach to mentoring in the tourism sector: Embracing new partners to enhance an industry programme." Tourism and Hospitality Research 19, no. 1 (February 5, 2017): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358417690435.
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This study considers the impact of a new mentoring scheme within the UK tourism sector. To broaden the portfolio of expertise within this programme, launched by the trade’s professional newspaper the Travel Trade Gazette, an academic was selected as a mentor alongside senior travel professionals and business leaders. The key findings show that embracing specialists who work indirectly within the field can add depth and a new focus to mentoring within the tourism business. Therefore, it is hoped when developing future mentoring schemes including practitioners, who are linked to the sector, but not directly involved, can be a valid option to those working in the business.
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Kang, Boo-Pil. "A Study on Development of the Casino Industry for the 21st Century." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 10 (December 31, 1995): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps10010.
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The tourism industry has greatly contributed to the strengthening of the trade balance position of Korea as much as the export industry itself ever since 1975 when the former was designated as one of Korea's main strategic industries. However, the tourism industry, which registered the highest surplus of US 2,000 million in 1988, the year Korea hosted the Olympic Games, has declined since 1989 when the overseas travel of Koreans was completely liberalized. In 1992, the tourism industry showed a deficit of US$ 360 million. It is anticipated that the deficit in the tourism industry will further increase. To cope with the threatened decline in the revenue of the tourism industry, the government has been contemplating special measures to boost Korea's share in the world tourism market of US$ 230 billion per year.
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SOFRONOV, Bogdan. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARKETING IN TOURISM INDUSTRY." Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1917.
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The purpose of this paper is how the marketing development and changing the tourism industry in the world.Tourism marketing is the business discipline of attracting visitors to a specific location. Hotels, cities, states, consumer attractions, convention centers and other sites and locations associated with consumer and business travel all apply basic marketing strategies to specific techniques designed to increase visits.In the tourism industry, marketing includes determining the unique selling benefit or benefits one area has over its competition. A destination might offer people looking to combine business and pleasure ease of travel to and from the area, ample convention halls and hotels, interesting nightlife, and activities for adult partners and children.The tourism marketing uses a wide variety of communications strategies and techniques to promote areas and destinations. A convention center might purchase advertisements in trade magazines for meeting planners and send direct mail materials to corporations that hold events. They might place ads in tennis or golf magazines to attract those consumers. The tourism destinations build websites and place ads in consumer publications read by their target customers. Chambers of commerce are involved in promoting their areas generally and the businesses within their areas specifically. This often includes offering potential visitors packets filled with brochures, discount coupons and other materials.
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Abad Alkasasbeh, Omar Mohammad, and Sayda Mohammad Al-kasasbeh. "Supply chains and COVID-19: impact on Jordan’s, countermeasures and post-COVID-19 era." Journal of Social Sciences and Management Studies 1, no. 1 (January 16, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56556/jssms.v1i1.39.
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The objective of this paper is to assess existing information on the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on Jordan's supply chain and countermeasures adopted by businesses to mitigate supply chain interruptions. Many effects have been felt in the supply chain industry. The study will explain how travel restrictions have reduced international trade which has also affected Jordan’s supply chain. Global business leaders may use information from this study in making necessary decisions relating to trade activities in the country. It will assess Impacts of COVID 19 in the supply chain Industry in Jordan particularly the impacts of supply chain on demand, on logistics, manufacturing, and finally on people. A series of economic implications and research options are provided based on these results.
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Lathiras, Petros, Anastasia Zopidou, John Mylonakis, Panayiotis Tahinakis, Nikolaos Protogeros, and Ioannis Valachis. "An evaluation of websites quality factors in agro travel and ecotourism." Tourism and hospitality management 16, no. 1 (May 2010): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.16.1.2.
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Tourism is an information intensive industry and as a service industry, information is the most significant quality factor for the industry. E-tourism is part of electronic trade that includes the fastest developing technologies that assist to the hospitality and tourism strategic planning and management. The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the quality of 3 Internet sites and detecting their strong and weak points by analyzing quality into its constituent dimensions. Research was carried out by personal interviews and via electronic mails to a sample of 413 persons and internet users, out of which 157 responded. Statistical analysis included simple and multiple comparisons ANOVA and t-tests. Research detected some medium quality ratings, as well as, some more positive evaluations of certain individual factors. The Internet sites that collected the highest ratings are Agrotravel (5.32), Guest inn (5.08) and Ecotourism (4.26). Elements considered important in all three web portals are the lack of interaction facilities and conversation sections and personalized options with user personal accounts. Emphasis must be paid on the design, information, interaction and overall quality of a web site.
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OMAROVA, Ainura, Aldanysh NURUMOV, Ainur KARIPOVA, Gulmira KABDULLINA, Baglan AIMURZINA, and Mazken KAMENOVA. "Analysis of the Development of Innovative Activities of the Tourism Industry in the Influence of Pandemic." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 6 (September 30, 2021): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.6(54).02.
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Modernization of traditional industries and services, organization of trade and procurement procedures, related financial and logistics operations, changing consumption patterns against the background of the penetration of information technologies and digitalization of economic processes create the basis for the formation of new markets and conditions, as well as new approaches to analytics, forecasting and management decision-making in the travel industry. Digital platforms are beginning to be used as primary channels for customer interaction and transactions, as well as a vehicle for creating innovative business models, including in the travel industry. The aim of the study is to analyze innovative activities in the field of tourism, which allows solving a number of tasks related to both increasing the level of satisfaction of the cultural needs of the population and creating conditions for the development of innovative forms of business entities.
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KOVTUNENKO, Kseniia, Alina VLAIEVA, and Albina KOVALENKO. "Role of tourism industry in generating foreign exchange." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2021.1.2.
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Introduction. The tourism industry affects the development of both individual countries and the world economy as a whole. With the expansion of international trade and other forms of international economic relations, raising the level of culture and education, tourism is developing rapidly. Significant impact on the activities of the tourism sector is caused by exchange rate fluctuations. As the tourism industry cannot adjust the exchange rate on its own, it has to adapt to currency fluctuations. Thus, the role of the tourism industry in the formation of foreign currency is significant, so the question of the impact of the tourism industry on the formation of foreign currency is relevant today. The purpose of thepaper is to determine the role of the tourism industry in the formation of foreign currency. Results. International tourism is the most numerous commodity in world foreign trade, and for some countries it is already the most important export sector and foreign exchange earnings. As the world is currently experiencing a global health, social and economic emergency with the COVID-19 pandemic, travel and tourism are among the most affected sectors with local aircraft, closed hotels and travel restrictions in almost all countrieіs. The exchange of foreign currency is associated with the purchase or sale of currency other than their own. The rate at which the currency of one country can be converted into the currency of another country is the unit price in terms of another currency in which the exchange takes place. For the tourism industry, a “strong” currency makes its country less attractive, while travel to countries with a “weak” currency is encouraged. A further fall in the dollar against the euro will mean that Europeans, inspired by the purchasing power of the euro and the low dollar, will be much more likely to visit the United States and countries whose currencies are pegged to the dollar as tourists. Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of the conducted analysis it is possible to define that really, there is an interdependence of development of tourist branch and formation of foreign currency in the country. Particular attention should be paid to further study of exchange rate changes and their impact on the intensity of tourism development. In countries where the local currency is pegged to the US dollar, the depreciation of the dollar will also depreciate the local currency. Changes in exchange rates affect the level of price competition in countries, as well as the growth rate of national income.
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LAW, Colin C. H., Kamontorn PROMPITAK, and Chatchawan WONGWATTANAKIT. "Effects of Low-Cost Airlines on Domestic Tourism Economy in Thailand." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.4(60).03.
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Air deregulation in 2003 led to the development of the low-cost airline industry in Thailand. The new airlines entered the air transport industry market and helped to further increase tourism destinations across the country, motivating more internal travel. This study aims to examine the impact of low-cost airlines factors on tourism demand and to identify the relationship between low-cost airlines and domestic tourism in Thailand. ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model was applied to analyse the long-run and short-run relationship between the dependent variables and domestic tourism demand. The findings show that the chosen economic variables in this study are showing importance in determining the number of domestic tourists particularly in the long-run but a less significant relationship in the short run. The increasing connectivity between the cities, especially between the rural and metropolitan areas is stimulating travel and trade.
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Axhausen, K. W., H. Köll, M. Bader, and M. Herry. "Workload, Response Rate, and Data Yield: Experiments with Long-Distance Diaries." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1593, no. 1 (January 1997): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1593-05.
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Workload, response rate, data yield, and data quality of travel diaries are interacting variables. It has long been suspected that it is impossible to maximize all variables at the same time. Still, empirical work trying to improve understanding of the trade-offs among them has been rare. Results are reported of experiments with long-distance diaries, which aim to clarify some of the possible relationships. The object of experimentation is surveys of long-distance travel behavior, which are currently of particular interest in Europe and elsewhere. The development of the tourism industry, deregulation of the long-distance modes, and infrastructure concerns require improved data about long-distance travel, both in improved inventories and in improved behavioral understanding. The experiments undertaken varied the workload of the respondents by varying the number of items to be reported about any long-distance journey, the duration of the survey period, and the temporal orientation of the survey. The results indicate that the response rate and the data yield, that is, the number of reported journeys and stages, change systematically with changes in the experimental variables (reduced response rates for prospective surveys, reduced number of reported journeys, and stages for retrospective surveys). Detailed results for these trade-offs are given. The trade-offs force the designer of such surveys to choose carefully and to invest time and effort in correcting for the potential biases resulting from this systematic behavior.
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Ben Aissa, Sami, and Mohamed Goaied. "Performance Of Tourism Destinations: Evidence From Tunisia." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 41, no. 7 (September 24, 2014): 797–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348014550870.
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This study uses data envelopment analysis and a two-stage procedure to compare the performance of Tunisian tourism destinations and to examine the impact of investment (public and private), economic circumstances, workers skills, and travel agent number on the efficiency of Tunisian tourism destinations. In the first stage, the efficiency score is calculated. This calculation is followed in the second stage with a bootstrapped truncated regression model examining the effects of the cited variables to determine the best development strategy that can increase the tourism competitiveness of Tunisian tourism destinations. This study has six major conclusions. First, the test results confirm that the destination efficiency is sensitive to public and private investment in the tourism industry. Second, the trade deficit has a significant negative impact on the efficiency of the country destinations. Third, tourism education and training in Tunisia do not meet the Tunisian tourist market needs. Fourth, the wage level in the tourism sector positively affects the performance of destinations. Fifth, whereas the number of Type A (hold and sell travel) travel agencies positively affects the performance of a destination, Type B agencies (only sell travels) negatively influence it. Last, tourism destinations have to develop commodities, tourism monuments, leisure activities, and other para-tourism activities to attract more tourists or to improve their length of stay.
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Law, Colin C. H., and Rungkaew Katekaew. "COVID-19: ASEAN Aviation Policy and the Significance of Intra-regional Connectivity." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 4, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26316846221075476.
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Cross-border integration is a complex process, but it could bring benefits to the nations involved in motivating trade and tourism. Air transport has been playing an important role in accelerating the integration of the economies of countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The introduction of a visa-free exemption agreement in 2006 and the ratification of the semi-ASEAN open skies agreement in 2016 have stimulated intra-ASEAN travel and trade. However, since early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has demolished most of the efforts when tight border controls returned and flights were suspended. The ASEAN countries were criticised for a lack of coordination over the pandemic. This article examines the ASEAN air transport policies in response to the global pandemic. The data were collected from official government documents, international databases and local media reports to identify the pattern of the air transport policy implemented by each ASEAN member. This article provides insights into the impact of intra-regional travel on the recovery and resilience of the air transport industry in the ASEAN region. JEL Classification: L91, L93, L98
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Khasanov, Rakhmonuddin Kh, and Il’mira R. Radzhabova. "COMPETITIVENESS LEVEL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, no. 1 (2022): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-1-265-274.
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The rapid growth of the global travel and tourism sector is one of the most significant trends of the present time. According to the estimates of the World Council on Tourism and Travel, the tourism industry has already surpassed the information industry in terms of development, the tourism and travel market consistently creates new jobs and provides about 1/10 of gross world product. The impact of tourism on the economy of a modern nationstate, which seeks to increase the export of tourist services and, accordingly, receive more income from international tourism, can hardly be overestimated. However, the growth and development of the tourism industry is accompanied by the competition growth in the international market. In such conditions the importance of indicators denoting the competitiveness of a particular state in the world trade in tourist services and reflecting the dynamics of its attractiveness for foreign tourists is increasing. The post-Soviet states, including the states of the Central Asian region, are rightful participants in the international tourism market. In particular, the Republic of Tajikistan is actively developing the inbound and domestic tourism, which are of great interest to the national economy in terms of preserving and multiplying state revenues. In this respect, it is important to determine the position of the Republic of Tajikistan in the world market of tourist services based on existing competitive advantages and to identify the promising sectors for the development of international tourism. A clear positioning of the country will make it possible to determine strategic directions for improving the tourist infrastructure, increasing the efficiency of recreational resources and development of tourist products that meet modern world requirements to the quality of travel services.
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Ahmedova, Sibel. "Study into the COVID-19 Effects upon the North-Eastern Region Economy." SHS Web of Conferences 110 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111001023.
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The primary objective of the present paper is to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the economy of the North-Eastern Region (NER) of the Republic of Bulgaria in an effort to systematize the appropriate mitigation measures to minimize the effects of COVID-19 outbreak. Determining the probable impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the NER economy is extremely difficult due to the pandemic dynamics and the constant shifts or changes in the forecasts related to its effects on the global economy and the development of the individual countries and regions in particular. The pandemic’s impact on the NER economy is carefully considered in terms of regional GDP per capita analysis; the key indicators of the labour resources; the development of travel and tourism industry, information and communication technologies (ICT), manufacturing industry, trade industry, maritime industry, cultural and creative industries, the level of foreign direct investment (FDI).
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Yurchenko, N. I. "The Current Trends in Marketing Research in the Tourism Industry." Business Inform 10, no. 513 (2020): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-10-450-459.
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Currently, the tourism industry continues to outpace the global economy despite deteriorating global economic prospects, tensions in international trade, social worries, geopolitical uncertainty, instability and the COVID-19 pandemic. The article is aimed at identifying modern trends of marketing research as part of the complex of marketing instruments in the tourism sphere. To achieve this aim, the article uses the following research methods: abstract-logical; situational analysis; mean, absolute and relative values; comparison, graphic, sociological; statistical analysis; economic-mathematical; expert surveys and estimations. Based on the data of the World Tourism Organization, the indicators of development of the world market of tourist services are analyzed. Performed were the following: analysis of the dynamics of the number of subjects of tourism activity (tour operators and travel agents) in Ukraine; total average number of full-time employees; income from the provision of tourist services; operating expenses for the provision of tourist services; number of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in Ukraine. The content of marketing research is disclosed as a multi-stage process, which should include the collection, registration and analysis of data in the sphere of tourism business. Marketing researches should be conducted according to 8 stages: determining the problem; development of the concept of research; cabinet marketing research; field market research; analysis of market conditions (supply and demand); research of foreign markets; simulation modeling; formation of a marketing information system. In order to determine the rating of tour operators of the mass segment of the tourism market in 2020, a questionnaire containing 16 questions is specified. Its results can be used when evaluating tour operators in terms of customer comfort and cooperation with travel agents. It is proved that marketing research in the tourism industry is advisable to be carried out systematically. This will provide for substantiating and elaborating managerial solutions in order to maximize the satisfaction of the needs of consumers of tourist services and solve the problems of significant seasonal fluctuations in demand.
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Amana, Amade Roberts. "The liberalization of air services: prospects and challenges for the Indian economy." Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-04-2014-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine, with a specific reference to the Indian economy, the interface between the World Trade Organization (WTO)/General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) disciplines and aviation services; the challenges to the incorporation of air services regimes into the world trade treaty; and the alternative routes for the liberalization of air services markets. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts the doctrinal approach to legal research in analyzing literature on the integration of air services into the multi-lateral trading system. The paper takes a critical look at the current state of the aviation industry, the rationales and routes for liberalization, as well as the challenges facing it. Findings – The paper reveals the state of the Indian aviation market and its preparedness for integration into the global market system. The merit of a gradual approach is examined. Research limitations/implications – The WTO framework offers the traditional route for the liberalization of trade. However, since the inception of air travel, air traffic rights have been traded between countries on a bilateral basis, involving concepts of sovereignty over national airspace. The paper offers some ideas on how the two can be integrated. Originality/value – The research draws on recent events in the Indian aviation sector. It is of importance, especially to other emerging economies with similar social-economic indicators. It objectively questions the rationales for liberalization or globalization and its merits.
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Maclean, Mairi, Charles Harvey, Roy Suddaby, and Kevin O’Gorman. "Political ideology and the discursive construction of the multinational hotel industry." Human Relations 71, no. 6 (September 8, 2017): 766–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717718919.
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How might political ideology help to shape an organizational field? We explore the discursive construction of the multinational hotel industry through analysis of one of its leading actors, Hilton International (HI), conceived by Conrad Hilton as a means of combatting communism by facilitating world peace through international trade and travel. While the politicized rhetoric employed at hotel openings reflected institutional diversity, it resonated in parallel with a strong anti-communist discourse. We show that through astute political sensemaking and sensegiving, macro-political discourse that is ideological and universalizing may be allied to micro-political practices in strategic action fields. Our study illuminates the processes of early-stage post-war globalization and its accompanying discourses, demonstrating that the foundation of a global industry may be ideologically inspired. Our primary contribution to theory is specific acknowledgement of the importance of political ideology as a particular ‘social skill’, helping to determine how international business has been ‘won’.
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ZHANG, Mei. "The Research on the Role Status of China’s Software Service Outsourcing Based on the Partnership of Service Outsourcing Networks." Do Business and Trade Facilitation Journal 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.6914/dbtf.020101.
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China has been greatly engaging in global outsourcing services. Despite the increase in global outsourcing services industry, yet the service trade is in deficit and the export trades in service mainly concentrate on the travel, transportation and other business service, both of which indi-cate the comparatively low competitiveness of Chinese service in the world. The nature of partnerships involved between China’s service business undertakers and their overseas clients have not received adequate attention in the scholarly literature. The study analyzed three possible types of outsourcing networks partnership which include tactical, strategic and transformational partnership. Based on software development “waterfall model”, the network role status in undertaking outsourcing service of China are explained and the analysis results show that the tactical partnership plays a key role on the value chain of China’s software outsourcing in the global networks. It is concluded that China’s low value chain in software outsourcing networks is determined by the tactical partnership. Some suggestions on how to improve China’s software outsourcing industry include culti-vating the leading enterprises, building up an intermediary organization, enlarging the clustering effect in industrial park and taking advantage of the Belt and Road Initiative market and Japanese market.
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Polkovnychenko, Svitlana, and Alyona Murai. "STUDY OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF UKRAINE IN THE EUROPEAN MARKET OF TOURIST SERVICES." PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT, no. 2 (18) (2019): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2019-2(18)-112-120.
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The article highlights the main approaches to assessment of a country’s competitiveness in tourism sector. The assessment of Ukraine’s competitiveness in the European market of tourist services is made using the indicators of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, the Registered Competitive Advantages ratio and the Ratio of Relative Foreign Trade Advantage of the tourism industry, its strengths and weaknesses are identified. The ways of increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine in the process of ensuring its integration into the European tourism market are substantiated, which include improvement of infrastructure, improvement of regulatory, marketing, investment, staffing support, etc.
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Hu, Hua. "Tourism Planning and Design of the Proposed System of Computer Software." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2249.
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Abstract. For the present time being, tourist industry is thriving on fire and compute application software has been more and more widely used in tourist trade. However ,there is not yet such an application software as to offer advice to tourists, employees of travel agencies and senior managers. For that purpose, the author designs an application software for traveling tips. This paper focuses on several basic functions of the software and outlines the background of the research and its significance and describes the objective，the major functions , the overall design , the function module and the implementation technology of this software.
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Apostle, Alisa. "The Display of a Tourist Nation: Canada in Government Film, 1945-1959." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 12, no. 1 (February 9, 2006): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031147ar.
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Abstract Between 1945 and 1959, the Canadian Government Travel Bureau experimented with the production of films to promote tourism that were shown in Canada and the US. As both propaganda and instruction, these films tell us much more than is immediately apparent, providing clues to post-war ideas about nation-building, economic reconstruction, citizenship, and the relationship between the state and consumer culture. Using established stereotypes of tourist venues and experiences, as well as creating tropes about government administration and the tourist “industry” itself, the political economy of the tourist trade was transformed in these films into a commodity for mass consumption.
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T A, Binoy. "The Media Strategy for Destination Image Building in Crisis." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.4.11.
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The tourism industry is arguably one of the most important sources of income and foreign exchange, and is growing rapidly; however, national and international crises have huge negative economic consequences (Dirk Glaesser). The travel and tourism industry is susceptible to a wide range of internal and external forces and is impacted heavily by crisis events resulting in negative tourist perceptions. Unpredictable negative events, be they natural catastrophes or human induced disasters, pose an unprecedented challenge for the tourism trade as they can disrupt business activities or in the more serious instances wipe out entire tourism operations (Christof Pforr and Peter Hosie). So that the most important challenge facing tourism industry is the anticipation of the threat of crises precipitated by "Shocks" such as natural disasters, terrorist activities, military conflicts, public health issues and economic down turns. Among all man-made catastrophes, terrorism causes much impact on the demand of the tourist destination
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caruth, nicole j. "Curiously Chocolate: April Banks." Gastronomica 8, no. 2 (2008): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2008.8.2.9.
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In 2004, Bay Area conceptual artist April Banks traveled to West Africa, which produces seventy percent of the world's cocoa, to learn firsthand about the cocoa farms of the region and their relationship to the modern-day chocolate industry. Her related research has been wide, including travel to cocoa farms in Cuba and a visit to the New York Board of Trade. Free Chocolate, Banks's resulting body of work, follows cocoa's global exchange from forest to palate, farmer to consumer, illustrating the mingled effects of desire, greed, and manipulation. This article examines two photographic works in the Free Chocolate series, placing them in their broader cultural and economic contexts.
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Remi, Sutyastie Soemitro, Sihono Dwi Waluyo, and Bagdja Muljarijadi. "The Role of Tourism in The Development of Regional Economy: Case Study of The Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province." AFEBI Economic and Finance Review 2, no. 01 (August 7, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47312/aefr.v2i01.49.
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<p>This study aims to assess the economic role of tourism to the economy of the Province of the Special Capital Region (DKI) of Jakarta. The research model used is the input-output model.</p><p><br />The results showed that the tourism economy of Jakarta contributed significantly to the economy of Jakarta. The restaurant sector in the core sectors of tourism (hotel, restaurant, travel agency services and entertainment services, transportation) have the highest backward linkages and forward linkages as well as power distribution and a high level of sensitivity. In the tourist expenditure structure, the expenditure for sectors that are directly related to tourism highway transportation, hotel and restaurant occupy the highest role.</p><p><br />Sectors that have an impact on the resulting output of the largest tourist expenditure is directly related to the sectors of tourism, namely the hotel sector, followed by the air transport sector, banks, insurance and business services, restaurant and travel agency services. While that get impacted gross value added is the largest hotel, air transport; banks, insurance and business services; restaurant and travel agency services. Which have an impact on wages / salaries is the largest hotel sector, air transport, restaurant and travel agency services. The impact of the tax, which obtained the largest sector was the hotel sector, followed by restaurants, trade and travel agency services. The resulting impact of labor is the hotel sector which obtained the largest share, followed by the restaurant sector, air transport and travel agency services.</p><p><br />The results also show the potential for increased tourism to the economic value of Jakarta which can be achieved by: (1) prepare tourism policy related to trade, the bank sector, insurance and business services sector, the food industry, beverages, tobacco and cigarettes; the electricity sector / gas / water, and the construction sector, and (2) developing the core sectors of tourism with hotel sector priorities, the air transport sector, the sector of the restaurant, travel agency services sector, and the road transport sector.</p><p><br />JEL Classification: H71, L80, L83<br />Keywords: Input-Output, Labor, Linkages, Multipliers, Taxes, Wages/Salaries</p>
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Andrianto, Novan, Darwin Yuwono Riyanto, Abdullah Khoir Riqqoh, and Achmad Yanu Alif Fianto. "A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DESTINATION BRANDING IN JAWA TIMUR, INDONESIA." Majalah Ekonomi 24, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/majeko.vol24.no2.a2061.
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This article receives a sociological point of view to inspect the wonder of destination branding. Summoning the social trade hypothesis as the establishment and its mind boggling trade framework as its system, the part expounds the uniqueness of provincial destination as a social structure as opposed to a market or authoritative element. A branding model for provincial destinations is proposed and showed through a contextual investigation. The model promoters a network based way to deal with image examine as a stage on which the branding procedure happens. The part reports the near findings on the image as anticipated by a destination promoting association, seen by present and potential visitors, and wanted by neighborhood occupants. By featuring the job of host network's cooperation in the travel industry branding, the investigation advises its definition as a proceeding with procedure to make full of feeling encounters through structure an exceptional personality and supporting a predictable image that sincerely bond with inhabitants and reverberate with visitors.
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SS, KARTHIK KUMAR. "Analysing the Contributions of Early Travellers in the History of Kerala." GIS Business 14, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4075.
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“Man’s curiosity for things and enquiry for food and shelter from one place to another gave birth to travel and travel led to tourism.”[i] From time immemorial man’s thirst for journeying is unquenchable, which has resulted in the spread of Human civilisation to all parts of the globe. Travels in the more advanced stages of our civilisation was done with an intent on Exploration, Diplomacy, Commerce, Knowledge etc. With Trade and Commerce being the main motivation behind travel rather than for pleasure in the early ages, the travellers were mostly consisting of Merchants, Pilgrims or Scholars.
Conscious travels were undertaken to explore and see the world as it had progressed. And a new phenomenon of travelling in pursuit of leisure came to being and in course of time the concept of tourism got new meaning and acquired importance, as travelling exclusively for pleasure constitutes the main theme of tourism in these days.
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Reimagining the Growth and Development of Tourism in Travancore with Special Emphasis on Kanya kumari
SAFEED R
Abstract
One of the wealthiest and most developed state in the British India was Travancore, which was situated on the south of the Indian Subcontinent. The princely state was blessed with nature and the geographical features are entirely distinct from other places in India. The modern industry like tourism got spatial attention from the government from the beginning of the twentieth century and it accepted several plans for attracting visitors to its tourist spots. A few tourist destinations, which were in pathetic condition were elevated to high standard and world class facilities were arranged to meet the demands of the travelers. Kanyakumari, the land of rising sun was situated on the south of Travancore got special consideration and government made necessary arrangements for the growth and development of Kanyakumari as a tourist destination.
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Navarro Chávez, José César, América Ivonne Zamora Torres, and Montserrat Cano Torres. "Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of Tourism for Mexico and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Countries." Revista Turismo em Análise 27, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1984-4867.v27i2p235-255.
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Tourism has become an important industry for most of the economies, especially for non industrialized countries where it represent the main source of income. This paper focuses on the analysis of 14 competitiveness tourism factors for 20 country members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum, which represents the most dynamic region in the world according to its participation on the global GDP and international trade, highlighting the performance of Mexico and doing a benchmark with the rest of APEC countries. The authors analyze secondary data from the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index to create clusters and then multidimensional scaling techniques were employed for detecting the more or less effective determinants of destination competitiveness.
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Wang, Jun Ni, Yong Kun Wan, and Suo Cheng Dong. "Analysis on the Crowding-Out Effect of Tourism and Regional Differences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 522-524 (February 2014): 1581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.1581.
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After the reform of Chinas tax system, in the case of an established local fiscal revenue, due to the differences in local infrastructure, under the influence of different investment and tourism-oriented input and output levels, the crowding-out effect of tourism industry varies. This paper validates this inference, and concludes that the crowding-out effect of tourism over other industries is small in areas with larger tourism scale such as Beijing which is either historical and cultural city, or political and economic center, with an emphasize on tertiary industry development; while the crowding-out effect of tourism over other industries is the largest in areas with smaller travel size, which is either landlocked but rich in tourism resources, or lacks of tourism resources but plays the key position of foreign trade. Regions of medium tourism scale are mostly dominated by secondary industry. Although the investment in tourism has increased in recent years, the propensity of government and private investment is firstly towards local leading industries, thus the production factors needed for development of the tourism industry have been occupied by local leading industries. And finally, the corresponding development strategies have been proposed for tourism industry with different crowding-out effect.
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Molchanova, Kateryna, Natalia Trushkina, and Olga Katerna. "Digital platforms and their application in the aviation industry." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020 1, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2020-3-8.
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The article considers one of the directions of digital transformation, namely digital platforms. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development says that digital platforms create new opportunities for companies of all sizes to engage in trade. They can lead to efficiency gains through lower transaction costs and reduced information asymmetries supported by rating systems. Other benefits include lower consumer prices, increased market access, more competition, better use of underutilized resources and increased flexibility for the providers of services. However, gains are not automatic, and there are growing concerns over the rising market power of certain platforms and the related implications for competition, data protection and ownership, consumer protection and taxation and employment policies. Economic policies and regulations will need to maximize the benefits while at the same time minimizing the costs of digital platforms. Accordingly to Digital Economy Report 2019 by UNCTAD digital platforms provide the mechanisms for bringing together a set of parties to interact online. A distinction can be made between transaction platforms and innovation platforms. Transaction platforms are two/multi-sided markets with an online infrastructure that supports exchanges between a number of different parties. They have become a core business model for major digital corporations (such as Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook and eBay), as well as for those that are supporting digitally enabled sectors (such as Uber, Didi Chuxing or Airbnb). Innovation platforms create environments for code and content producers to develop applications and software in the form of, for example, operating systems (e.g. Android or Linux) or technology standards (e.g. MPEG video). Several factors help explain the rapid rise to dominance of these digital giants. The first is related to network effects (i.e. the more users on a platform, the more valuable it becomes for everyone). The second is the platforms’ ability to extract, control and analyses data. As with network effects, more users mean more data, and more data mean a stronger ability to outcompete potential rivals and capitalize on first-mover advantages. Thirdly, once a platform begins to gain traction and starts offering different integrated services, the costs to users of switching to an alternative service provider start to increase. The transformative power of data in the sphere of economic and social interactions means that governments, businesses, and people must adapt to use emerging opportunities and avoid traps and risks. The ability of countries and various stakeholders to master digital transformation varies greatly and depends on their level of development and digital readiness. Developed countries are in many ways better equipped to deal with the growing role of digital platforms than countries with limited resources and capabilities. The aviation, travel and tourism industry has been at the forefront of digital innovation, but industry and technology trends suggest that further change lies ahead. The sector has been an early adopter of digital technologies and platforms, but steep demand for travel, driven by a growing middle class in emerging markets and the increasing importance of digital experiences, implies that further digitalization will be vital if the expectations of tomorrow’s consumers are to be met.
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Chua, Jie Ying, Ryan Foo, Kim Hock Tan, and Kum Fai Yuen. "Maritime resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic: impacts and solutions." Continuity & Resilience Review 4, no. 1 (February 14, 2022): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/crr-09-2021-0031.
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PurposeThis study aims to study the resilience of the maritime industry by analyzing the impacts of COVID-19 on the maritime industry, in particular, on the shipping management aspect and offshore sector, investigate the effectiveness of current solutions and recommend future solutions for the industry to reduce or mitigate the negative impacts.Design/methodology/approachIn order to better appreciate resilience in the maritime industry, the study conducted secondary research and semi-structured online interviews to (1) identify the impacts of COVID-19 on the shipping management and offshore sector, (2) analyze the effectiveness of current solutions and (3) provide some strategies to enhance the effectiveness of the current measures.Findingshe results are congruent with existing literature which indicate that the pandemic has negatively affected the global economy, changed the global trade network and contributed to the sharp decline in demand for oil. In response to the pandemic, governments have implemented safety and health-related measures such as lockdown, safe-distancing and travel restrictions. Often, measures differ from countries to countries and these non-standardized and changing regulations further increase the challenges faced by the industry. From the shipping management perspective, the industry experienced issues such as crew changing, trade contraction and the expiration of shipping certificates, which supported and validated current research. Meanwhile, the offshore industry is challenged by the increasing market volatility and uncertainty, increasing need to source for alternative fuels and the declining oil exploration activities. Current strategies adopted by shipping management companies include crew change management, capacity management and the extension of ship certificates, whereas offshore industry chose to collaborate with oil majors.Research limitations/implicationsBy identifying the impacts and challenges and studying the effectiveness of solutions adopted by the maritime industry, this paper allows maritime industry stakeholders and policymakers to develop strategies to mitigate the effects of the global health crisis and strengthen the resilience of the industry. However, as the pandemic continues to develop and evolve, strategies need to be reviewed continuously in response to the changing situations.Originality/valueThis research analyses the impacts and solutions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributes to the development and formulation of strategies to strengthen the resilience of maritime transport.
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Ana, Maria-Irina. "Tourism industry in the new member states. Key countries and destinations." Management & Marketing 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 812–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2018-0007.
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Abstract This paper provides an examination of tourism in the New Member States of the European Union in the period 2007-2015, assessing the importance of tourism for the New Member States economy and the factors that might affect this industry. Considerable research has been devoted to tourism in the developed countries from Europe, but rather less attention has been paid to tourism in the Central-Eastern Europe, the New Member States region. In this regard, the paper will start with an overview of the current state of the literature on this topic, section that precedes a presentation of European bodies and policies in the travel and tourism field. Time series will be analyzed in order to identify the key countries for tourism in the region, according to the number of international arrivals, number of international overnight stays and exports in trade. Tourism contribution and importance for the economy, key destinations in the region, EU and state-level policies in the tourism sector, as well as main challenges and opportunities in the tourism sector will be addressed, focusing on the three key countries identified, Poland, Czech Republic and Croatia, that offer tourists unique, traditional experiences, focusing on niche markets, rather than on mass-market tourism.
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Ammarell, Gene, Muslimin Muslimin, Sukur Oda, and Ahmad Faisal R. "MAKING A LIVING ON CORAL ATOLL: CHANGING STRATEGIES AMONG MILLENNIALS ON BALOBALOANG ISLAND, SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 5, no. 1 (February 12, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v5i1.2485.
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Beginning around 2014, some significant changes in the livelihoods among many younger men from the Island of Balobaloang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, emerged. This study describes and explains how it is that approximately 50 working-age adult men (out of a total population of about 900) have turned away from interisland shipping and trade and artisanal fishing and toward wage employment aboard tourist ships, working out of distant ports in Indonesia. This case study uses a qualitative approach to explore and describe the socio-economic life of community members on the island village of Greater Balobaloang as they continue to be affected by economic and environmental changes. Field data collection was carried out through observation, government documents, and in-depth interviews with respondents. In particular, this study focuses on the adaptive strategies of younger men as opportunities for making a living have shifted in recent years away from artisanal fishing and interisland shipping and trade to adventure travel aboard modified traditional sailing ships. It contributes to discussions of internal skilled migration, social mobility and adaptation to the domestic and international tourist industry.
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TECZKE, Maciej, Talant KALIYEVA, Lyazzat SEMBIYEVA, Aida ZHAGYPAROVA, Makpal ZHOLAMANOVA, and Aigerim ZHUSSUPOVA. "Silk Roads Routes. Sustainable Tourism after COVID-19." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.4(60).24.
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Since ancient times, people have traveled and exchanged goods, technology and ideas with neighboring settlements. The vast Eurasian continent has traditionally been a crossroads of trade routes, which helped create the increasingly famous Silk Road. Sea routes were created connecting East and West by water, which were mainly used for the trade in spices, which gave rise to the "spice route". Numerous road networks helped not only in the transportation of goods and luxury goods, but also in the transfer of knowledge, ideas, culture and beliefs, and had a great influence on the history and development of the Eurasian civilization, as well as the development of tourism and its various directions.
This research paper intends to provide an analysis covering countries near and far abroad in the field of tourism and travel, tourism policy with indicators of sustainability and comparison of indicators of sustainable consumption and production patterns. Summarizing the results obtained, we concluded about the potential areas for improvement in the tourism industry and proposed a new set of recommendations for their evaluation.
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Svitlychna, V. "ENSURING SUSTAINABILITY AND FULL-FUNCTIONING OF THE TOURIST SPHERE IN MODERN CONDITIONS OF ADAPTATION TO THE CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL." Series: Economic science 7, no. 160 (November 27, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-7-160-53-62.
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Issues of modern aspects of the functioning of the tourism sector of the world and Ukraine are studied. The factors of negative impact of the Covid pandemic on the tourism industry are revealed. The aim of the work is to study measures to ensure anti-epidemiological stability and full functioning of the tourism sector in the face of rapidly changing and unpredictable global situation. The article argues that the tourism industry is considered one of the most dynamic industries in the world economy and international trade in services. In the modern world, tourism is an economic activity associated with the movement of a person outside his permanent place of residence, his recreation with better health, raising the level of culture and education. The author of the article states that the Covid pandemic has hit the tourism industry. Practically, we can say that the tourism industry has stopped. According to experts, the current crisis of tourism can rightly be considered too severe in history. The article emphasizes that none of the experts in the field of tourism does not assume when the collapse of the tourism industry will end, because it all depends on improving the situation with the disease and lifting the ban on travel. At present, most countries in the world are only tightening quarantine restrictions. Uncertainty about the lifting of travel bans makes it impossible to develop tactical and strategic plans for the development of the tourism sector. The author emphasizes that the domestic tourism business is in dire need of state support. Unfortunately, due to the crisis, it does not have such support. The projected global economic recession, the general decline in the level of well-being of our compatriots, and thus their minimization of spending on recreation - together can have an even more devastating effect on the tourism sector. Researched by UNWTO measures to mitigate the Covid pandemic in tourism. The content of the measures of the All-Ukrainian Federation of Employers in the field of tourism of Ukraine to prevent complete stagnation of the tourism sector is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the formation of a new information society, digitalization of tourism. Undoubted advantages of VR-tourism are: reduction of risks of probability of infection in travels; possibility to get acquainted with cultural and natural monuments, museum expositions, tourist routes online; saving time and money for consumers; the ability to make virtual trips at any convenient time. The article emphasizes that the tourism industry is forced to adapt to significant changes in consumer demands, as well as to adapt to rapidly changing epidemiological circumstances. To prevent a complete collapse, the tourism business must be flexibly transformed, ensuring its functioning and overcoming the crisis. The article proposes the main transformational changes in the tourism industry, necessary to ensure the functioning and overcoming of crisis phenomena. These are: domestic tourism, the predominance of individual tourism and tourism in small groups, the growing popularity of ecological (green) tourism, the emphasis on travel safety, ensuring compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards. The authors emphasize that today there is no doubt about the need to intensify processes and measures to overcome the detrimental impact of the pandemic on the tourism sector of the domestic economy. It is purposeful, coordinated, consistent anti-crisis measures that can rehabilitate the economic sphere, including the tourism business. Based on the main priority - safe operation, the tourism industry must actively open new opportunities for its activities in order to stabilize their activities and prepare for successful operation in the post-quarantine period.
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Smith, Christopher. "Settlement and the productive economy in southern Italy." Antiquity 93, no. 369 (June 2019): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.48.
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The organising entity is the Fondazione Paestum, which has a focus on comparative studies of colonial activity in the Mediterranean. The conference was just one of a series of extraordinary events and refurbishments that have taken place at Paestum recently; a second conference has just been published and a third is in preparation. The conferences are aligned with another major event at Paestum, and one of Italy's most important cultural tourism events, the Borsa Mediterranea del Turismo Archeologico (an international trade show for the travel and tourism industry). Paestum, a colony itself both in the sense of a Greek foundation, and then a Roman resettlement, is well suited therefore to host discussions that touch on mobility, hybridity and the interpenetration of culture as visible in the material record.
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Heiaas, A. M. "The EU ETS and Aviation: Evaluating the Effectiveness of the EU Emission Trading System in Reducing Emissions from Air Travel." Review of Business and Economics Studies 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 84–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2021-9-1-84-120.
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Over the past 30 years, the aviation industry has seen record-breaking growth whilst enjoying exemptions from most taxes and VAT charges. Currently, the aviation sector is considered one of the fastest-growing greenhouse gas emissions sources. Attempting to reduce these emissions in a cost-effective manner, the EU decided in 2012 to include all flights entering and leaving the EU in their Emission Trading System (EU ETS). It was quickly changed to only include travel within the EU. Nevertheless, as the largest cap-and-trade system in the world, the purpose of the EU ETS is to control the growth of emissions by issuing pollution permit rights. The idea is that by setting an emission ceiling and allowing trade between sectors, emission abatement will happen where it is cheapest and easiest to do. This paper explores whether the EU ETS succeeded in reducing the aviation sector emissions over the period 2012–2018 by employing a General Synthetic Control model to estimate a counterfactual scenario. When using jet fuel consumption as a proxy for emissions, the results indicate that on average the EU ETS led to a 10 per cent increase in jet fuel consumption relative to a scenario where it was not implemented. However, the paper fails to conclude a causal relationship between EU ETS and jet fuel consumption due to drawbacks with the data. Nevertheless, it provides a starting point for future ex-post research concerned with aviation and carbon pricing in the European market.
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Bowen, John. "Trends affecting social media: implications for practitioners and researchers." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 7, no. 3 (June 8, 2015): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-04-2015-0021.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper aims to review relevant literature to identify trends affecting social media to help managers and researchers better understand social media; this paper also provides the implications of these trends for mangers and researchers. Social media is viewed as a credible source of information from consumers who have experienced travel products. The user-generated content these consumers post on social media Web sites influences those who read their posts or view aggregate ratings of multiple reviews about a product. It can move the reader to either purchase or not purchase the products. Social media is an important source of consumer information and can create new customers. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviewed both academic and trade literature to provide an overview of social trends that are relevant to practitioners. Findings – The author identified four trends: millennials replacing baby boomers as the major business travel segment, increased use of mobile devices, dynamic pricing and marketing dollars shifting to social media. The implications of each of the trends are discussed. The findings provided valuable insights for practitioners and researchers. Originality/value – Social media is emerging as an important marketing tool for the travel industry. It is transforming the way companies allocate their marketing budget. The identification of trends that are affecting social media and will continue to affect social media in the future will provide immediate benefits to practitioners and researchers with a stream of research ideas.