Relevant bibliographies by topics / TRC strengthening

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'TRC strengthening'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "TRC strengthening"

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You, Young-Jun, Hyeong-Yeol Kim, Gum-Sung Ryu, Kyung-Taek Koh, Gi-Hong Ahn, and Se-Hoon Kang. "Strengthening of Concrete Element with Precast Textile Reinforced Concrete Panel and Grouting Material." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 1, 2020): 3856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173856.

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Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has widely been used for strengthening work for deteriorated reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The structural strengthening often requires accelerated construction with the aid of precast or prefabricated elements. This study presents an innovative method to strengthen an RC slab-type element in flexure using a precast panel made of carbon TRC. A total of five RC slabs were fabricated to examine the flexural strengthening effect. Two of them were strengthened with the precast panel and grouting material and another set of two slabs was additionally strengthened by tensile steel reinforcement. The full-scale slab specimens were tested by a three-point bending test and the test results were compared with the theoretical solutions. The results revealed that the ultimate load of the specimens strengthened with the TRC panel increased by at least 1.5 times compared to that of the unstrengthened specimen. The application of the precast TRC panel and grouting material for the strengthening of a prototype RC structure verified its outstanding constructability.
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SCHLADITZ, Frank, and Manfred CURBACH. "Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) as Torsion Strengthening." IABSE Congress Report 17, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137908796293370.

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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, and Gum-Sung Ryu. "Reinforced Concrete Slabs Strengthened with Carbon Textile Grid and Cementitious Grout." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 5046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175046.

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A textile reinforced concrete (TRC) system has been widely used for repair and strengthening of deteriorated reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This paper proposes an accelerated on-site installation method of a TRC system by grouting to strengthen deteriorated RC structures. Four RC slabs were strengthened with one ply of carbon textile grid and 20 mm-thick cementitious grout. The TRC strengthened slab specimens were tested under flexure and the test results were compared with those of an unstrengthened specimen and theoretical solutions. Furthermore, the TRC strengthened specimens experienced longer plastic deformation after steel yield than the unstrengthened specimen. The TRC strengthened specimens exhibited many fine cracks and finally failed by rupture of the textile. Therefore, TRC system with the proposed installation method can effectively be used for strengthening of deteriorated RC structural elements. The theoretically computed steel yield and ultimate loads overestimate the test data by 11% and 5%, respectively.
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Tran Manh, Tien, Tu Do Ngoc, and Hong Vu Xuan. "A state-of-the art review of tensile behavior of the textile-reinforced concrete composite." Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.14.

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Over the past two decades, textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) materials have been increasingly and widely used for the strengthening/reinforcement of civil engineering works. Thanks to their many advantages as the durability, considerable bond strength with the reinforced concrete (RC) members, best recycling conditions, the TRC materials are considered as an optimal alternative solution to substitute the traditional strengthening and reinforcing materials FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Polymer). The mechanical behavior of TRC composite has been characterized in previous experimental studies. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the mechanical behavior of TRC composite under tensile loading. By inheriting from previous review studies, this paper updates the experimental studies on the tensile behavior of TRC composite in the last decade. The review addresses, firstly the mechanical properties of constituent materials in TRC as reinforcement textile, cementitious matrix, and textile/matrix interface. Secondly, it addresses the tensile behavior of TRC composite, including the characterization methods as well as analyses of its strain-hardening behavior with different phases. The paper then discusses the main factors which influence the mechanical behavior of TRC materials in the available experimental studies. Finally, the conclusion of this review terminates this paper.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, Gum-Sung Ryu, Kyung-Taek Koh, Gi-Hong Ahn, and Se-Hoon Kang. "Flexural Strengthening of Concrete Slab-Type Elements with Textile Reinforced Concrete." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102246.

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This paper deals with flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs with a carbon textile reinforced concrete (TRC) system. The surface coating treatment was applied to a carbon grid-type textile to increase the bond strength. Short fibers were incorporated into the matrix to mitigate the formation of shrinkage-induced cracks. The tensile properties of the TRC system were evaluated by a direct tensile test with a dumbbell-type grip method. The tensile test results indicated that the effect of the surface coating treatment of the textile on the bonding behavior of the textile within the TRC system was significant. Furthermore, the incorporation of short fibers in the matrix was effective to mitigate shrinkage-induced crack formation and to improve the tensile properties of the TRC system. Six full-scale slab specimens were strengthened with the TRC system and, subsequently, failure tested. The ultimate load-carrying capacity of the strengthened slabs was compared with that of an unstrengthened slab as well as the theoretical solutions. The failure test results indicated that the stiffness and the ultimate flexural capacity of the strengthened slab were at least 112% and 165% greater, respectively, than that of the unstrengthened slab. The test results further indicated that the strengthening effect was not linearly proportional to the amount of textile reinforcement.
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Kim, Hyeong-Yeol, Young-Jun You, Gum-Sung Ryu, Gi-Hong Ahn, and Kyung-Taek Koh. "Concrete Slab-Type Elements Strengthened with Cast-in-Place Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete System." Materials 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14061437.

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Although carbon textile reinforcement widely used to replace the steel reinforcing bars but the bonding strength of carbon textile is generally much smaller than that of common steel bars. This study examines the strengthening effect of concrete slab-type elements strengthened in flexure by carbon textile reinforcement according to the surface coating of textile and the amount of reinforcement. The effect of the surface coating of textile on the bond strength was evaluated through a direct pullout test with four different sizes of coating material. The surface coated specimens developed bond strength approximately twice that of the uncoated specimen. The flexural strengthening effect with respect to the amount of reinforcement was investigated by a series of flexural failure tests on full-scale reinforced concrete (RC) slab specimens strengthened by textile reinforced concrete (TRC) system. The flexural failure test results revealed that the TRC system-strengthened specimens develop load-carrying capacity that is improved to at least 150% compared to the non-strengthened specimen. The strengthening performance was not significantly influenced by the textile coating and was not proportional to the amount of reinforcement when this amount was increased, owing to the change in the failure mode. The outstanding constructability afforded by TRC strengthening was verified through field applications executing TRC strengthening by shotcreting on a concrete box culvert.
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Shi-ping, Yin, Yu Yulin, and Yunping Xi. "Flexural performance of TRC-strengthened RC beam under chloride environment." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2017-1850.

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Purpose Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) has excellent bearing capacity and anti-crack and corrosion resistance capacity, which are suitable for strengthening concrete structure under harsh environments. Design/methodology/approach In this thesis, flexural properties of RC beams strengthened with TRC under chloride wet–dry cycles were studied and the effects of the concentration of the salt solution, number of wet–dry cycles, bending stress level and TRC form were considered. Four-point bend loading mode was adopted for the step-loading procedure. Findings As the number of wet–dry cycles was relatively few, the trend of the yield and ultimate load with the increasing concentration of salt solution and wet–dry cycles were not obvious. However, the beams under high sustained bending stress level (0.5) had a decrease in the bearing capacity and an increase in mid-span deflection because of the larger degree of the corrosion of steel bars and the weaker bond capacity between the steel bar and concrete. Besides, there was little difference between the precast TRC plate and the casting TRC on beams in terms of the capacity of anti-crack, bearing and deflection. Research limitations/implications In this paper, preliminary work has been carried out, but some of the factors were not comprehensive considered, which are inevitable. As the time of dry–wet cycles was short and TRC layer had good anti-crack and anti-permeability performance, smaller chloride ions’ penetration resulted in the corrosion ratio of steel bars to be lower. Practical implications It should be noted that under high corrosion rates of the reinforcement, the whole TRC strengthening layer might be spalled off if only the strengthening form at the beam bottom is used, and thus the U-type strengthening form could be considered, which means that the beam is strengthened at both the bottom and side surfaces. Originality/value This research only considers the flexural performance of the beams strengthened with TRC in conventional environment, and there is little research on the TRC-strengthened beam under corrosion environment. On the basis of previous research, this paper carried out the experimental study on beams strengthened with TRC under chloride wet–dry cycle environment, and the effects of the concentration of the salt solution, number of wet–dry cycles, bending stress level and TRC form were considered.
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Ngo, Dang Quang, Huy Cuong Nguyen, Dinh Loc Mai, and Van Hiep Vu. "Experimental and Numerical Evaluation of Concentrically Loaded RC Columns Strengthening by Textile Reinforced Concrete Jacketing." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1428–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091558.

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Nowadays, Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) has become a very popular strengthening technique for concrete structures. This paper presents an investigation on the applicability of TRC for strengthening reinforced concrete column. Both experimental and numerical studies are conducted to evaluate the confinement effects of various TRC strengthening schemes. The experimental study is performed on a series of six reinforced concrete square columns tested to failure. Two of them were un-strengthened as references, the other four were strengthened by one or two layers of Carbon Textile Reinforced Concrete (CTRC). The results indicated that the application of carbon TRC enhanced the ductility and ultimate strength of the specimens. Failure of all strengthened columns was together with tensile rupture of textile reinforcements at the corners of column. Finite element models of the CTRC strengthened columns based on ATENA software package were developed and verified with the experimental results. The analytical results show that in the specimen corner areas, textile reinforcements are subjected to a 3D complicated stress state and this may be the cause of their premature failure.
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Ortlepp, Regine, Andy Lorenz, and Manfred Curbach. "Column Strengthening with TRC: Influences of the Column Geometry onto the Confinement Effect." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/493097.

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The increase of the load-carrying capacity of columns being reinforced with Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC) is partly achieved by the additional concrete cover. But then it is also decisively caused by the confinement effect of the textile reinforcement. The confinement is thereby producing a three-axial state of stress within the concrete core of the column. The effectiveness of such a confinement is especially dependent on the geometry of the concrete column to be strengthened. At rectangular ones with sharp edges without ogees the TRC strengthening can only augment the load-carrying concrete share not create a confinement effect which can be achieved at the round counterparts. Within the study we tested columns with all possible cross-sections from square to circle with different transition radiuses. Thus the influence of the transition radius onto the local-bearing capacity of the reinforcing textile was recorded. Furthermore the impact of different fibre materials and reinforcement degrees of the TRC-strengthening layer has been examined. The first results show a considerable disproportionate increase of the confinement effect with rising transition radius, as well as a growth of the confinement effect with augmenting level of reinforcement in the TRC-strengthening layer.
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Scheerer, Silke, Robert Zobel, Egbert Müller, Tilo Senckpiel-Peters, Angela Schmidt, and Manfred Curbach. "Flexural Strengthening of RC Structures with TRC—Experimental Observations, Design Approach and Application." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 29, 2019): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071322.

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Today, the need for structural strengthening is more important than ever. Flexural strengthening with textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a recommendable addition to already proven methods. In order to use this strengthening method in construction practice, a design model is required. This article gives a brief overview of the basic behavior of reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with TRC in bending tests as already observed by various researchers. Based on this, a design model was developed, which is presented in the main part of the paper. In addition to the model, its assumptions and limits are discussed. The paper is supplemented by selected application examples to show the possibilities of the described strengthening method. Finally, the article will give an outlook on open questions and current research.
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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "TRC strengthening"

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Lorenz, Enrico, and Regine Ortlepp. "Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung der Übergreifungslängen textiler Bewehrungen aus Carbon in Textilbeton (TRC)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-77823.

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Für das Funktionieren von Verstärkungsschichten aus Textilbeton ist eine sichere Kraftübertragung zwischen den einzelnen Verbundbaustoffen sicherzustellen. Aufgrund der sehr hohen Garnzugfestigkeiten sind besonders bei Verwendung textiler Bewehrungen aus Carbon sehr effektive Verstärkungen herstellbar. In Textilbetonbauteilen sind hierbei im Regelfall Übergreifungsstöße der textilen Bewehrungslagen nicht zu vermeiden. Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich daher mit der experimentellen und analytischen Bestimmung der Übergreifungslängen textiler Bewehrungsstrukturen innerhalb von Textilbetonverstärkungsschichten
A safe introduction and transmission of the acting forces is crucial for the functioning of composite materials. Because of the very high yarn tensile strengths of textile reinforcements made of carbon, the manufacturing of very effective TRC strengthening layers is possible. In TRC members, overlap joints within the textile layers usually cannot be avoided. This contribution deals with the experimental and analytical determination of the lap lengths of textile fabrics within a textile reinforced concrete strengthening layer
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Weiland, Silvio. "Interaktion von Betonstahl und textiler Bewehrung bei der Biegeverstärkung mit textilbewehrtem Beton." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-37944.

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Textilbewehrter Beton zur Verstärkung von Stahlbetonbauteilen ist neben den klassischen und etablierten Verfahren eine äußerst interessante Alternative, die die Vorteile der leichten Kohlenstofffaserklebeverstärkungen mit denen von Spritzbeton mit Bewehrung verbindet. Aus den theoretischen und experimentellen Untersuchungen in dieser Arbeit können wichtige Erkenntnisse zum gemeinsamen Tragverhalten von Betonstahl und textiler Bewehrung sowie zu den Auswirkungen der verbundbedingten Unterschiede abgeleitet werden. Mit den theoretischen Betrachtungen werden das gemeinsame Tragverhalten und der Einfluss des unterschiedlichen Verbundverhaltens auf die Zugkraftaufteilung gezeigt und qualifiziert. Die Behandlung der verbundbedingten Unterschiede bei gemischt mit Betonstahl und Textil bewehrten Zuggliedern ist analog dem Vorgehen bei gemischter Beton- und Spannstahlbewehrung bzw. Klebebewehrung mit Verbundbeiwerten darstellbar. Zur Ableitung entsprechender Kennwerte werden verschiedene Möglichkeiten diskutiert. Zudem wird eine vereinfachte Bemessung vorgeschlagen. Insgesamt sind die Ergebnisse ein wesentlicher Schritt auf dem Weg zur baupraktischen Anwendung von Textilbetonverstärkungen und ermutigen bereits zum umsichtigen Einsatz unter Beachtung der Sicherheitsaspekte. Noch offene Fragen und notwendiger Klärungsbedarf sollten die Wissbegier anregen und vertiefende Forschungsvorhaben und weitere experimentelle Untersuchungen ermöglichen
Textile reinforcement represents an excellent alternative to existing techniques for strengthening of concrete structures, combining the benefits of lightweight fiber reinforced polymer strengthening with those of shotcrete with reinforcement. The theoretical and experimental studies in this thesis provide essential insights into the common load bearing behaviour of reinforcing steel and textile reinforcements as well as on the impact of the different bond characteristics of both types of rein-forcement. With the theoretical investigations, the combined load bearing behaviour and the influence of the different bond characteristics on distribution of the forces could be shown and qualified. The inter-action of both reinforcement types, taking into account the different bond characteristics, can be represented by bond coefficients analogous to the approach to mixed steel and pre-stressing-steel reinforcements. So as to derive the appropriate parameters, several options were discussed. Moreover, a simplified approach to design a TRC-strengthening-layer was proposed. Overall, the results are an essential step towards the practical application of textile reinforced con-crete for the strengthening of concrete structures and should already be encouraging the prudent use while considering the necessary safety aspects. Remaining issues and necessary clarifications should stimulate curiosity and in-depth research projects and allow further experimental studies
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Weiland, Silvio, and Manfred Curbach. "Interaktion gemischter Bewehrungen bei der Verstärkung von Stahlbeton mit textilbewehrtem Beton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244051366655-25294.

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Textile Bewehrungen stellen eine hervorragende Alternative zu bisherigen Verstärkungsmethoden dar. Die Wirksamkeit von Textilbetonverstärkungen konnte bereits eindrucksvoll nachgewiesen werden. Um sowohl die vorhandene Bausubstanz, als auch die Verstärkung optimal auszulasten, ist es erforderlich, das Zusammenwirken beider Bewehrungsarten unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Verbundeigenschaften zu beschreiben. In diesem Beitrag wird das gemeinsamen Tragverhalten von Betonstahl und textiler Bewehrung eingehend erläutert. Zur Veranschaulichung wird daher vor allem die Verbundtragwirkung und deren Einfluss auf gerissene Zugglieder genauer untersucht.
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Ortlepp, Regine, Anett Brückner, and Enrico Lorenz. "Verbundversagensmechanismen im Verankerungsbereich von textilbewehrten Feinbetonverstärkungsschichten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244049139702-05245.

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Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Plattenbalken zeigen, dass Querkraftverstärkungen auch außerhalb der Biegedruckzone verankert werden können. Entscheidend dabei ist, dass alle in der Verbundfuge von Altbeton und Verstärkung auftretenden Beanspruchungen durch die Haftzug- und Scherfestigkeit des Alt- und Feinbetons übertragen werden können. Ein Verbundversagen führt durch das Ablösen der Verstärkungsschicht zu deren Ausfall. Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den Beanspruchungen und Versagensmechanismen des Verankerungsbereiches, die anhand von Versuchsergebnissen dargestellt werden. Als Versagenskriterium für die Verankerung sind zwei flächige Versagensarten – der Altbetonuntergrund und die Ebene der textilen Bewehrung – zu berücksichtigen. Als weiteres Versagenskriterium der Verankerung ist der innere Verbund zwischen den Multifilamentgarnen und der sie umgebenden Feinbetonmatrix zu betrachten. Für die Bemessung des Verankerungsbereiches einer Verstärkung wird der jeweils ungünstigste Wert dieser drei Versagensarten maßgebend.
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Contamine, Raphaël. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement mécanique de composites textile-mortier : application à la réparation et/ou renforcement de poutres en béton armé vis-à-vis de l’effort tranchant." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10271/document.

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Ces travaux portent sur la réparation et le renforcement de structures béton armé par matériaux composite. Dans ce domaine, la solution de type carbone-époxy appliqué sur les faces extérieures des structures occupe une place prépondérante, mais reste perfectible. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions alternatives à ces matériaux, tels que les composites de type textile-mortier (Textile Reinforced Concrete, « TRC ») et d'en juger la faisabilité, les performances et le comportement. Une approche expérimentale et analytique, aux échelles micro, méso et macroscopiques, est menée en s'appuyant notamment sur la technique de mesure de champs de déplacements par corrélation d'images. À l'égard de l'étude du matériau, une procédure d’essai de caractérisation en traction directe des TRC a été conçue et validée. La conduite de 98 essais par cette procédure, a permis de mieux appréhender le comportement de ces composites, notamment l’articulation entre les mécanismes locaux et leur traduction à l’échelle macroscopique. Les principaux leviers permettant l'optimisation des TRC ont ainsi été déterminés. À l'échelle structurelle, l'étude de 11 poutres réparées vis-à-vis de l'effort tranchant, par collage de plats préfabriqués ou moulage à même la poutre, a été conduite. Il en ressort que les solutions TRC se comparent favorablement à celles de type carbone-époxy. Aussi, le comportement local a été finement évalué, notamment, l'évolution des efforts repris par le renfort TRC ainsi que la validité du modèle analytique du treillis. Un comportement de type multifissurant ou pull-out du TRC sensible à son procédé de mise en oeuvre a également été mis en avant
This research focuses on repairing and strengthening concrete structures with composite materials. In this particular domain, carbon-epoxy composites are of considerable interest, but still room for improvement. The main objective of this thesis is to show alternatives to these composites, such as Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC). Feasibility, performances and behavior of this alternative composite are examined. An experimental and analytical approach, at the micro-, meso- and macroscopic scale are conducted, notably thanks to the technique of digital image correlation for in-plane displacement measurement. Regarding the study of the material, a rather handy, reliable and efficient procedure of a direct tensile test was designed and validated. To enable a better understanding of the TRC behavior, 98 different TRC configurations were tested thanks to this procedure. The links between local mechanisms and macroscopic scale behavior were notably studied. Finally, key levers for optimizing the TRC were determined. On the structural level, a study was conducted on 11 beams shear strengthened by bonding of prefabricated plates or by contact molding. It shows that TRC solutions compare favorably with carbon-epoxy composites. Also, the local behavior was thoroughly assessed, notably the change of forces carried by the composite material and the truss model validity. A multi-cracking or pull-out behavior of the TRC was put forward depending on its application process
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Sickert, Jan-Uwe, Wolfgang Graf, and Stephan Pannier. "Entwurf von Textilbetonverstärkungen – computerorientierte Methoden mit verallgemeinerten Unschärfemodellen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244047293129-54264.

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Im Beitrag werden drei Methoden für den Entwurf und die Bemessung von Textilbetonverstärkungen vorgestellt. Für eine Vorbemessung wird die Variantenuntersuchung angewendet, z.B. für die Bestimmung der Anzahl an Textillagen. Für die Festlegung von Realisierungen mehrerer kontinuierlicher Entwurfsvariablen unter Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Entwurfsziele und Entwurfsnebenbedingungen werden die Fuzzy-Optimierung und die direkte Lösung der Entwurfsaufgabe skizziert. Mit der Fuzzy-Optimierung werden Kompromisslösungen für die multikriterielle Entwurfsaufgabe ermittelt. Die direkte Lösung basiert auf der explorativen Datenanalyse von Punktmengen, die als Ergebnis einer unscharfen Tragwerksanalyse vorliegen, und liefert Bereiche – sog. Entwurfsteilräume – als Grundlage für die Auswahl des Entwurfs.
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Schladitz, Frank, and Manfred Curbach. "Textilbewehrter Beton als Torsionsverstärkung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244048995744-78708.

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Anhand von Versuchsergebnissen wird gezeigt, dass Stahlbetonbauteile mit textilbewehrtem Beton verstärkt werden können. Sowohl die Torsionstragfähigkeit als auch die Gebrauchstauglichkeit werden durch die textilbewehrte Verstärkungsschicht deutlich verbessert. Vergleichsrechnungen zeigen, dass die Torsionstragfähigkeit mit bereits bekannten Stabwerksmodellen ermittelt werden kann.
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Freitag, Steffen, Wolfgang Graf, and Michael Kaliske. "Prognose des Langzeitverhaltens von Textilbeton-Tragwerken mit rekurrenten neuronalen Netzen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244048026002-79164.

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Zur Prognose des Langzeitverhaltens textilbetonverstärkter Tragwerke wird ein modellfreies Vorgehen auf Basis rekurrenter neuronaler Netze vorgestellt. Das Vorgehen ermöglicht die Prognose zeitveränderlicher Strukturantworten unter Berücksichtigung der gesamten Belastungsgeschichte. Mit unscharfen Größen aus Messungen an Versuchstragwerken werden rekurrente neuronale Netze trainiert. Anschließend ist die unscharfe Prognose des Tragverhaltens möglich.
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Papanicolaou, Catherine, Thanasis Triantafillou, Ioannis Papantoniou, and Christos Balioukos. "Strengthening of two-way reinforced concrete slabs with Textile Reinforced Mortars (TRM)." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244048746186-75760.

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An innovative strengthening technique is applied for the first time in this study to provide flexural strengthening in two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs supported on edge beams. The technique comprises external bonding of textiles on the tension face of RC slabs through the use of polymer-modified cement- based mortars. The textiles used in the experimental campaign comprised fabric meshes made of long stitch-bonded fibre rovings in two orthogonal directions. The specimens measured 2 x 2 m in plan and were supported on hinges at the corners. Three RC slabs strengthened by textile reinforced mortar (TRM) overlays and one control specimen were tested to failure. One specimen received one layer of carbon fibre textile, another one received two, whereas the third specimen was strengthened with three layers of glass fibre textile having the same axial rigidity (in both directions) with the single-layered carbon fibre textile. All specimens failed due to flexural punching. The load-carrying capacity of the strengthened slabs was increased by 26%, 53%, and 20% over that of the control specimen for slabs with one (carbon), two (carbon) and three (glass) textile layers, respectively. The strengthened slabs showed an increase in stiffness and energy absorption. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions based on existing models specifically developed for two-way slabs and the performance of the latter is evaluated. Based on the findings of this work the authors conclude that TRM overlays comprise a very promising solution for the strengthening of two-way RC slabs.
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Tran, Binh Thi. "Strengthening grassroots organisations for forest management : the case of induced forest-based grassroots groups in Quang Tri Province, Vietnam." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2537.

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Academic and public policy interest in the role of local resource users in the management of forests has grown in recent decades. While much attention has focused on the self-organisation of user groups, with autonomy as a precondition for successful collective action, there has been relatively little research into the influence of external factors on the role of so-called induced grassroots organisations – organisations created through donor or government funding – in natural resource management (NRM). Nonetheless, it is evident that external influences are of critical importance to these organisations in authoritarian countries, and the establishment of grassroots organisations is a common approach to encouraging local participation in NRM. Moreover, in studies on NRM devolution policies, community property rights are often seen as a potential option. What these studies do not bring to light, however, is how different types of property rights can be mixed and arranged through different layers in the organisational structures of grassroots organisations. This study responds to these gaps in the literature, and drawing on learning from three case studies in Quang Tri province, Vietnam. It employs a qualitative and participatory approach, involving semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, seasonal calendars, natural resource mapping and transect walks. The study’s findings highlight the dominance of the technocratic position in the roles played by induced forest-based grassroots groups. This results from the ambition of the Party-state to keep the rural population dependent on it, and the reluctance of international donors and INGOs, while operating within the current state structures, to use their leverage to effectively support grassroots organisations. The findings of the research also emphasise the need for induced grassroots organisational structures and property rights that combine village-wide, household-group and individual arrangements.
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Books on the topic "TRC strengthening"

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Sahay, Sundeep, T. Sundararaman, and Jørn Braa. Public Health Informatics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758778.001.0001.

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Rapid and unpredictable developments in health policies, technologies, disease profiles, institutional environments, and their inter-connections have significant implications on how we design, develop, implement, and use health information systems (HIS) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our current systems have heightened expectations but have proven largely incapable of meeting these new challenges. Nor have they been able to effectively leverage upon the new opportunities that are emerging, such as through the cloud, big data, the proliferation of mobile devices and the Internet of Things, and also the increasing array of new open source software solutions being made available through global development communities. What is required to try and address these challenges and opportunities? This book proposes the ‘Expanded PHI’ (public health informatics) perspective as a way forward, and through the various chapters first seeks to define it, and then apply it to analyse the following key problematics facing public health informatics in the domains of research, practice, and policy: use of information; integration of systems; leveraging cloud computing and big data; design and building of institutions that facilitate; managing complexity; evolving governance mechanisms and standards; responding to the new challenges thrown up by universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goals; and building synergies between health systems strengthening and health information strengthening efforts. In defining the scope of Expanded PHI, the field of public health informatics is first situated within an informatics context, and then within public health and finally within the context of changing global health policies. Drawing from these contextualizations, the design principles for Expanded PHI are elucidated, based primarily on a social systems perspective, where the health of populations is kept as the central purpose and a participatory and incremental nature of change as the primary strategy.
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McMahon, Patrice C. The NGO Game. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501709234.001.0001.

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In most post-conflict countries nongovernmental organizations are everywhere, but their presence is misunderstood. This book investigates the unintended outcomes of what it calls the NGO boom in Bosnia and Kosovo. The book argues that when international actors try to rebuild and reconstruct post-conflict countries, they often rely on and look to NGOs. Although policymakers and scholars tend to accept and even celebrate NGO involvement in post-conflict and transitioning countries, they rarely examine why NGOs have become so popular, what NGOs do, or how they affect everyday life. After a conflict, international NGOs descend on a country, local NGOs pop up everywhere, and money and energy flow into strengthening the organizations. In time, the frenzy of activity slows, the internationals go home, local groups disappear from sight, and the NGO boom goes bust. Instead of peace and stability, the embrace of NGOs and the enthusiasm for international peacebuilding turns to disappointment, if not cynicism. For many in the Balkans and other post-conflict environments, NGOs are not an aid to building a lasting peace but are part of the problem because of the turmoil they foster during their life cycles in a given country. This book will be useful to practitioners and policymakers interested in improving peacebuilding, the role of NGOs in peace and development, and the sustainability of local initiatives in post-conflict countries.
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Doherty, Michael, Johannes Bijlsma, Nigel Arden, David J. Hunter, and Nicola Dalbeth. Introduction: the comprehensive approach. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0020.

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This introductory chapter to the section on management of osteoarthritis (OA) emphasizes the need for a full assessment of the patient, not just in terms of joint symptoms and examination findings but a full holistic assessment of the person, including the impact of OA on their life, their illness perceptions of OA, and the presence of comorbidities. An individualized package of care can then be developed. Patients should be fully informed about OA and fully involved in all management decisions. Apart from education, which is an ongoing not one-off process, other core treatments to be considered in every person with OA are exercise (both strengthening and aerobic) and strategies to reduce adverse mechanical factors, including weight loss if overweight or obese. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the safest analgesic drug to try first for peripheral joint OA. Other treatments can be selected as required from a wide range of drug and non-pharmacological options, to address the needs of the individual. The patient requires regular follow-up for reassessment and re-adjustment of management as required. Currently there are sparse data on predictors of response to treatment, limiting a stratified medicine approach. Caveats to the research evidence for OA and its transition to clinical practice are discussed, and one way of improving this (reporting overall treatment effect and the proportion attributable to placebo in clinical trials) is presented. Optimizing contextual effects, which are an integral part of any treatment and which may explain the majority of improvement that a patient experiences for their OA, is emphasized as a key aspect of care.
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Book chapters on the topic "TRC strengthening"

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Amir, Si Larbi, Contamine Raphael, Ferrier Emmanuel, and Hamelin Patrice. "Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC)." In Advances in FRP Composites in Civil Engineering, 665–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17487-2_146.

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Si Larbi, A., R. Contamine, and P. Hamelin. "TRC and Hybrid Solutions for Repairing and/or Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Beams." In High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites 6, 527–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2436-5_64.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "State-of-the-Art Review and Aims of the Thesis." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 7–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_2.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Observations on the Displacement Field of Strengthened Walls Subjected to Diagonal Compression Test." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 143–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_6.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Influence of Fibre Treatment and Matrix Mix Design Modification on the Behaviour of Flax TRMs." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 153–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_7.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Conclusions." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 185–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_8.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Mechanical Behaviour and Durability of Flax Textiles to Be Used as Reinforcement in TRMs." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 47–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_3.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Mechanical Behaviour of Masonry Walls Externally Strengthened by Flax TRM Composites." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 111–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_5.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Introduction." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_1.

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Ferrara, Giuseppe. "Mechanical Behaviour and Durability of Flax TRMs: Tensile and Shear Bond Tests." In Flax-TRM Composite Systems for Strengthening of Masonry, 75–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70273-1_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "TRC strengthening"

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Abbas, Husain, Tarek Almusallam, Yousef Al-Salloum, Nadeem Siddiqui, and Aref Abadel. "TRM Versus FRP as Strengthening Material for Improving Impact Resistance of RC Slabs." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54737.

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This study experimentally investigates the effectiveness of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) in controlling the local damage in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to impact loads. The results are then compared with that of conventional FRP strengthening of RC slabs. The impact tests were conducted using the strike of hemispherical nosed steel projectile on TRM- and FRP-strengthened RC slabs. The unstrengthened specimens considered as control were 600 mm square, 90 mm thick RC slabs. The slabs were reinforced with 8 mm diameter steel rebars at 100 mm c/c spacing both-ways. The slabs were strengthened by externally bonding single layer of Carbon FRP (CFRP) and two layers of TRM on the rear face of the slabs. In TRM strengthening, the textile contained equal quantity of high strength carbon fiber roved in two orthogonal directions. They were simply placed on the top of each other and bonded on a secondary polypropylene line. A commercial polymer modified cement mix was used as mortar in TRM strengthening. The velocity of 40 mm diameter steel projectile was varied within sub-ordinance range and the projectile was made to strike normal to the slab using a gas gun. Based on the experimental testing conducted in this study, it was observed that CFRP and TRM strengthening of RC slabs are effective in reducing the local damage in RC slabs from front and rear faces for the same impact velocity. Both TRM and CFRP strengthening cause increase in the ballistic limit velocity and the perforation energy of RC slabs. Moreover, the CFRP sheet and TRM layer considerably reduce the generation of secondary projectiles which are in the form of flying debris in un-strengthened RC slabs. Overall, among the two strengthening methods studied, the TRM strengthening of RC slabs is found to be either equally good or better than the CFRP strengthening in resisting impact loads.
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Johnson, A. J. Wagoner. "Strengthening Mechanisms in Ti-6Al-4V/TiC Composites." In MATERIALS PROCESSING AND DESIGN: Modeling, Simulation and Applications - NUMIFORM 2004 - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1766764.

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Wang, Yachao, Jing Shi, Xiaoyang Deng, and Shiqiang Lu. "Contribution of Different Strengthening Effects in Particulate-Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Prepared by Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67312.

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Laser assisted additive manufacturing (LAAM) is regarded as a complementary manufacturing method to traditional manufacturing technologies. Meantime, improving the mechanical performance of components fabricated by LAAM is an important research focus in recent years and it has drawn significant attention from both industrial and research aspects. In the present study, in order to obtain high-performance metal components by LAAM, nano-TiC particles are used to reinforce Inconel 718 and the mixed raw powder is processed by selective laser melting (SLM) technique. To investigate the effect of TiC amount on the property and performance of the composite, samples with four levels of nano-TiC addition (0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 wt.%) are prepared, all other manufacturing parameters are set fixed. Furthermore, standard solid solution treatment at 980 °C for 1 hour is carried out to investigate its effect on the final properties. SEM observations are performed to analyze the microstructure of the composites. In addition, to understand the reinforcing mechanism of nano particles in LAAM-produced metal composites at both as-built and heat treated state, we consider four main strengthening mechanisms, (a) load-bearing effect, (b) enhanced dislocation density due to the residual plastic strain caused by the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the matrix and reinforcing particles, (c) Orowan strengthening effect, and (d) Hall-Petch strengthening. The effect of TiC nano particle amount on each of the four strengthening mechanisms is investigated separately and the results show that within the investigated range, the increase of reinforcement content leads to higher tensile strength. With 1.6 wt.% reinforcement, the ultimate tensile strength increases by 15%. At as-built condition, the composites have the maximum yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), while for solution treated samples, the tensile strengths are overall lower due to microstructure coarsening. Through quantitative investigation, it is found that both as-built and solution treated conditions, the load-effect strengthening effect is very small as compared with other contributors. Thermal mismatch strengthening effect is most significant at any volume fraction under as-built condition, mainly due to high SLM temperature. However, for solution-treated condition, CTE mismatch strengthening is weakened because solution treatment significantly equilibrates the thermal strain in the composite, and diminishes most strain-induced dislocations. However, Hall-Petch strengthening becomes dominating as large amount of nanoparticles effectively inhibit the grain coarsening during solution treatment.
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Wang, Yachao, Jing Shi, and Yun Wang. "Reinforcing Inconel 718 Superalloy by Nano-TiC Particles in Selective Laser Melting." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9365.

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Metal components produced by additive manufacturing processes usually have inferior properties and performances as compared with the counterparts by the traditional forming and machining processes. To close the gap, the metal matrix can be strengthened by adding reinforcement particles in additive manufacturing processes. This research presents the fabrication of nano-TiC reinforced Inconel 718 composites using selective laser melting (SLM). Tensile and wear performance tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the formed composites. It is discovered that the composites exhibit improved mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength and yield stress. Compared with the pure Inconel 718 specimens by SLM, the ultimate tensile strength and yield stress of the reinforced Inconel 718 increase by 207 MPa and 204 MPa, respectively, with 0.5 wt.% addition of nano-TiC particle. Smaller increases are observed with 0.25 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% nano-TiC additions. On the other hand, the addition of nano-TiC particles decreases the ductility of Inconel 718. To investigate the strengthening mechanism of nano reinforcement particles in SLM, the microstructures with different levels of nano-TiC particles are observed. The results indicate that the microstructure of Inconel 718 is remarkably refined by the TiC particles, and the reinforcement particle significantly impede the growth of columnar grain in the solidification process.
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Muresan, Alex-Manuel, and Daia Zwicky. "Dimensioning the Flexural Strengthening of Concrete Slabs with Textile Reinforced Mortar - Litterature Data Evaluation." In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.180.

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When strengthening reinforced concrete slabs with textile reinforced mortars (TRM), the “correct” consideration of the global bond behaviour between textile and cementitious matrix is identified as the main challenge in determining the most appropriate global analytical model. The first model evaluated here is based on classical assumptions for structural concrete design. The second model, as another extreme assumption, is completely neglecting textile bond in the cracked zone, thus assuming it as unbonded, end-anchored, external reinforcement. The third model is based on the simplifying assumption of the textile reinforcement being only significantly activated when the internal steel reinforcement is yielding. Analytical results from these approaches are compared to a database containing more than 130 test results reported in literature, and are statistically evaluated.
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Wang, Yachao, Jing Shi, Shiqiang Lu, and Weihan Xiao. "On the Fatigue Performance of Nanoparticles Reinforced Iron by Selective Laser Melting." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2913.

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Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing process that uses laser beam to melt metal powders and allow the melt to solidify in a layerwise way. SLM has drawn much attention from industry and academia in recent years. Improving the mechanical properties and performance of components fabricated by SLM has been a focused research area. Adding hard second phase particles into metal matrix has been proven an effective measure to strengthen metal material by SLM. In this research, we adopt nano sized TiC particles to reinforce pure iron matrix using the SLM process. The reinforced TiC/iron composite with 0.5 wt.% TiC is successfully fabricated. Tensile tests and fatigue tests are carried out to demonstrate the strengthening effect, and fatigue fracture surfaces are characterized by SEM to understand the fatigue failure mechanism. The obtained experimental data are compared with an existing composite fatigue life prediction model. The results indicate that nano TiC is effective in improving the tensile performance of pure iron, where the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) increase by 17% and 6.3% respectively. TiC nano particles improve the fatigue life principally at lower cycle fatigue regime, while the beneficial effect at high cycle fatigue regime is not significant, mainly due to the large porosity introduced in SLM process. In addition, it is discovered that traditional Ding’s model does not accurately predict the fatigue life of nano TiC/iron composite, and thus more accurate fatigue modeling work is called for.
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Chia, Eric, Bruce S. Kang, Min Zheng, Yang Li, and Minking Chyu. "Development of ODS Coating for High Temperature Turbine Components Using DED Additive Manufacturing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76274.

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Current and future designs for advanced turbine systems, such as Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), advanced Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC), and the emerging supercritical CO2 (SCO2) systems require increasing turbine inlet temperature (TIT), which is well beyond the substrate melting temperature. The well-known approach is coating the turbine blade with thermal barrier coatings (TBC) combined with internal cooling channel in the substrate. However, due to thermally grown oxide (TGO) and thermal expansion mismatch stresses, TBC spallation failure is a major concern. Furthermore, neither the ceramic coating layer nor the metallic bond coat in current TBC system can provide structural support to house the internal cooling channels. In this research, a method to fabricate high temperature protective structural coating on top of critical gas turbine components by additive manufacturing (AM) technique using oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) metal powder is presented. A novel combined mechanochemical bonding (MCB) plus ball milling process is utilized to produce near spherical and uniformly alloyed ODS powders. AM-processed ODS coating by direct energy deposition (DED) method on MAR-247 substrate, with laser powers from 100W to 200W were carried out. The ODS coated samples were then subjected to thermal cyclic loadings for over 2200 cycles. For comparison, in our earlier studies, under the same cyclic testing condition, typical tested TBC coupons showed spallation failure after ∼400 cycles. Correlation of the measured ODS coating Young’s modulus using a unique non-destructive micro-indentation testing method with evolution of the ODS microstructures are studied to identify optimum AM processing parameters for best performance of the ODS samples. In particular, stability of secondary γ′ phase in the ODS coating after thermal cycles is analyzed. Test results revealed a thin steady durable alpha alumina oxide layer on the best performance ODS samples. After 2,200 thermal cycles, strong bonding at ODS/substrate interface is also maintained for most of the ODS coated samples. Test results also showed stable substrate microstructure due to the protective ODS coating even after 2,200 thermal cycles. These preliminary test results showed strong potential for applications of AM-assisted ODS coating on advanced gas turbine components.
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Wang, Yachao, Jing Shi, Shiqiang Lu, and Yun Wang. "Solution and Aging Treatments of Inconel 718/TiC Nanocomposite From Selective Laser Melting." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8684.

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Fabricating metal matrix composites (MMCs) through laser assisted additive manufacturing (LAAM) has attracted much attention in recent years. This is because the traditional metal components produced by LAAM are usually inferior to the counterparts produced by conventional manufacturing processes, reflected by porosity, lower density, and thus poorer mechanical properties and service performance. Adding reinforcements to metal matrix in LAAM process can alleviate the challenge. Also, for components produced by LAAM processes, post treatment is often required to further strengthen the material, reduce residual stress, or clean off surface for dimensional accuracy. However, research regarding how post treatment affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of LAAM-produced MMCs is still very rare in literature. In this study, a nano-TiC reinforced Inconel 718 composite is prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. Various post heat treatment processes have been adopted to investigate their effect on final product properties. The motivation is that Inconel 718 is a Ni-based superalloy, whose full potential is explored in heat treatment after manufacturing processes. A composite with 0.5 wt.% nano-TiC addition is prepared. Three levels of solution temperatures at 940, 980, and 1020 °C (for 1 hr) or one level of annealing temperature at 1100 °C (for 1 hr) are adopted for the treatment, combined with the standard two-step aging (720 °C, 8 h, furnace cooling + 620 °C, 8 h, air cooling) on both the MMC and unreinforced Inconel 718 materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation is conducted to analyze the microstructure of the composite and understand the reinforcing mechanism. Tensile tests are conducted to evaluate the tensile properties. It is discovered that compared with the pure Inconel 718 by SLM, the Inconel 718-TiC MMC exhibits improved ultimate tensile strength for both as-built and solution/annealing treated conditions. Microscopy observation shows that the dendritic structures of Inconel 718 is remarkably refined by the TiC particles in as-built samples, and grain coarsening is largely inhibited by the TiC particles for solution/annealing treated samples. For both reinforced and unreinforced Inconel 718, dissolving of Laves phase and precipitation of δ phase is observed, but annealing at 1100 °C is not favorable for the formation of δ phase. Aging treatment significantly increases the UTS values for both type of material. Moreover, the strengthening effect of added nano particles becomes less significant in the aged condition, due to the precipitation of γ′ and γ″. Future work includes the process parameter optimization, and further evaluation of other mechanical properties.
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Allahvirdizadeh, Reza, Daniel V. Oliveira, and Rui A. Silva. "In-Plane Seismic Performance of Plain and TRM-Strengthened Rammed Earth Components." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0924.

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<p>Raw earth is one of the most widely used building materials and is employed in different techniques, among which adobe and rammed earth are the most common. The respective structural systems, like in masonry buildings, acceptably withstand against gravity loads, though they are significantly vulnerable to earthquakes. Moreover, a great percentage of the World’s population is still inhabited in such environments, which are endangered by future earthquakes. The current article investigates the seismic in-plane performance of an I-shaped rammed earth component by means of advanced nonlinear finite element modelling. In this regard, conventional pushover analyses were conducted to evaluate load/displacement capacities and to assess probable failure modes. It was observed that the component fails mainly due to detachment of the wing walls from the web wall and due to occurrence of diagonal shear cracks at the web. Subsequently, the application of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) strengthening solution to the component was studied and shown to be able to maintain the integrity of the component for larger lateral load levels. Finally, the reliability of the pushover analyses to predict the seismic response was evaluated by comparison with outcomes from incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis.</p>
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Kang, Bruce S., and Changyu Ma. "Development of ODS Coating for Critical Turbine Components Using DED Additive Manufacturing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14874.

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Abstract The challenge for design and manufacturing of future advanced gas turbine systems is to meet the requirement of increasing turbine inlet temperature (TIT), which is higher than the substrate melting temperature. Increasing high thermal load also causes severe oxidation and corrosion of base alloy in gas turbine. Current approach is coating the inlet turbine blade with thermal barrier coating (TBC) combined with internal cooling channel in the substrate. However, neither the ceramic coating layer nor the metallic bond coat in the TBC system can provide structural loading support to house the internal cooling channels. Development of structural bond coat with embedded cooing channels can be one of the key technologies for future advanced turbine systems. In this research, high temperature protective structural coating on top of a superalloy substrate (popular for making gas turbine component) by additive manufacturing (AM) technique using oxide dispersion strengthening (ODS) powder is presented. A novel combined mechanochemical bonding (MCB) plus ball milling (BM) process is utilized to produce ODS powders suitable for AM applications. AM-processed ODS coating by direct energy deposition (DED) method on MAR-247 substrate were carried out. The ODS coated samples were then subjected to cyclic thermal loadings for over 4000 cycles (each cycle consists of alternating between 45 minutes at 1100 °C and 45 minutes at room temperature). SEM and EDX were applied for oxide formation analyses of the ODS coating at selected thermal cycles. In particular, stability of gamma prime phase in the ODS coating at different thermal cycles is analyzed. Test results revealed a thin continuous durable alumina oxide layer on ODS coating surface after over 4,000 thermal cycles. Test results also showed relatively stable substrate microstructures due to the protective alumina surface oxide layer and strong bonding at ODS coating/substrate interface is maintained. Oxidation weight gain of a AM-processed ODS sample is conducted and the results compared favorably with those literature available alumina forming alloys (AFA) under similar testing conditions.
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