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1
Artiola, Janick. "Water Facts: Home Water Treatment Options." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146297.
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4 pp.Arizona Know Your Water.
Today, homeowners have access to several water treatment systems to help control minerals and contaminants and to disinfect their water. Nearly half of the homes in the U.S. have some type of water treatment device. Mistrust of public water utilities, uncertainty over water quality standards, concerns about general health issues and limited understanding about home water treatment systems have all played a role in this increasing demand for home water treatment systems. Private well owners also need to provide safe drinking water for their families and have to make decisions as to how to treat their own water sources to meet this need. However, choosing a water treatment system is no easy task. Depending of the volume of water and degree of contamination, the homeowner should consider professional assistance in selecting and installing well water treatment systems. The process of selection is often confounded by incomplete or misleading information about water quality, treatment options, and costs. The following paragraphs outline the major well water treatment options. Further details on types, uses (point of use) and costs of these home water treatment systems are provided in the Arizona Know Your Water booklet. Additional information about Arizonas water sources that can help private well owners make decisions about home water treatment options, can be found in Arizona Well Owners Guide to Water Supply booklet (see references section).
2
Sullivan, Kayleigh. "New treatment options for cystic fibrosis." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12234.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityCystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most prevalent fatal autosomal recessive diseases in the United States. Although early diagnosis and improved treatment methods have helped increase the median predicted survival age of CF patients, CF remains a burdensome and life-threatening disease. Furthermore, the challenges of treating CF are amplified by the fact that there are over 1,800 known CF mutations. Recent advances in drug therapy have begun to target the main classes of CF mutations at the protein level, addressing mutational events instead of downstream disease processes. Three drugs, including ivacaftor, which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, and VX-809 and ataluren, which are still in clinical trial, have been shown to improve patient clinical measures. VX-809 targets the most prevalent CF mutation, F508del, and used in combination with ivacaftor was shown to significantly decrease mean sweat chloride concentrations and significantly increase forced expiratory volume in one second, an indicator of lung function. Almost 89 percent of people with CF have at least one copy of the F508del mutation and about 47 percent are homozygous for F508del, while ivacaftor is approved for use in only four percent of the CF population. For these reasons, if approved, use of VX-809 in combination with ivacaftor has the potential to benefit far more patients than ivacaftor ever could alone.
3
Smerud, Hilde Kloster. "IgA Nephropathy – Mucosal Immunity and Treatment Options." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168631.
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In the present studies we have explored the link between food hypersensitivity and IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and evaluated treatment options in primary and recurrent disease. Approximately one third of our IgAN patients had a rectal mucosal sensitivity to gluten, as demonstrated by increased local mucosal nitric oxide production and/or myeloperoxidase release after gluten challenge. The gluten sensitivity seemed to be an innate immune reaction unrelated to the pathogenesis of celiac disease. Approximately half of the patients had a rectal mucosal sensitivity to soy or cow’s milk (CM). The levels of IgG antibodies to alfa-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein were significantly higher in CM sensitive as compared with non-sensitive IgAN patients, indicating that an adaptive immune response might be involved in addition to the innate immune reaction observed. With the knowledge of gastrointestinal reactivity enteric treatment was considered as a potential new treatment approach of IgAN. A 6-month prospective trial demonstrated proof-of-concept for the use of enteric budesonide targeted to the ileocaecal region of IgAN patients. We observed a modest, but significant reduction in urine albumin, a minor reduction of serum creatinine and a modest increase of eGFR calculated by the MDRD equation. eGFR calculated from the Cockcroft-Gault formula and cystatin C was not changed. In a retrospective study recurrence of IgAN and graft loss was evaluated in Norwegian and Swedish patients having received a primary renal transplant due to IgAN. Adjusting for relevant covariates, a multiple Cox-regression analysis on time to IgAN recurrence showed that use of statins was associated with reduced risk of recurrence and reduced risk of graft loss. The time lag from diagnosis to first transplantation and female gender were also associated with lower risk of recurrence. Improved graft survival was associated with related donor, low donor age and no or low number of acute rejection episodes.
4
Taylor, Gary Howard. "Organic waste - treatment options, opportunities and barriers." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5507.
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There is approximately 14 million tonnes of biodegradable organic waste produced by households in the UK every year which must be treated or disposed of. The EC Directive on Landfill (1999/31IEC), is likely to lead to an increase in compo sting and anaerobic digestion as methods to treat the waste stream diverted from landfill. Householders play an important role in separating their waste, which, if not performed efficiently can lead to contamination of the organic waste stream, and hence the compost product. A survey is used to determine the attitude and behaviour of householders to waste issues. It was found that residents in the less affluent area were less likely to home compost and had a less favourable attitude towards environmental activities than residents in the affluent area. A comparison of compost from centralised composting schemes treating different organic waste streams found that compost derived from household waste was of a slightly poorer quality than that obtained from gardens/parks waste. As more waste is recycled as compost, it is becoming increasingly important to find alternative uses for compost. Leachability data are used to determine the environmental availability of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contained in natural compost. Batch sorption data are used to determine uptake of additional Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn by compost and assess its potential use in remediation work, as an alternative to natural materials such as peat. The relative binding of these additional metals to compost is found to be in the order Pb>Cu≈Cd>Zn. The sorption of metals on compost takes place, at least in part, by exchange of calcium bound to the compost and there is evidence that the sorption occurs in both the humic and non-humic sites in the compost. The use of compost to bind metals in remediation work is discussed.
5
Gouveia, António Ricardo Frada Tavares. "Congenital scoliosis due to Hemivertebra: treatment options." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20881.
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Hodgson, David Brian. "Investigating new treatment options for refractory asthma." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664300.
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Patients with difficult to manage asthma and chronic cough are commonly seen by respiratory physicians in the NHS. This thesis describes three randomised trials which explore new treatment options for these difficult groups. Non-invasive markers of airway inflammation and function were measured before each trial to help determine likely responders. In the first study, 30 patients with asthma and eosinophilic inflammation were given two weeks of prednisolone and then randomised to receive either ciclesonide 360mcg or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. Though the between- group differences were not significant several patients had changed their usual maintenance dose of prednisolone during the trial. When these patients were removed from the analysis there was a significant improvement sputum eosinophils with ciclesonide. There was no significant change in the marker of small airway inflammation, so it is possible that this effect was due to a general reduction in airway inflammation from the higher dose of inhaled steroids, rather than specifically targeting the small airways. In the second study, 28 patients with refractory asthma were given azithromycin 250mg or placebo three times weekly for six weeks in a randomised, cross-over design. Though significant improvements in airway hyper-responsiveness, asthma control and sputum neutrophils were seen with azithromycin, these changes were not significant when compared to placebo.
7
Gouveia, António Ricardo Frada Tavares. "Congenital scoliosis due to Hemivertebra: treatment options." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/20881.
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Benzschawel, Valerie C. "Patient perceptions of treatment options for chronic pain." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/benzschawel/BenzschawelV0508.pdf.
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Chronic pain and pain management are frequently discussed and debated topics in American medicine today. The patients’ understanding of treatment options for management of chronic pain is a less frequently discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to explore patient perceptions of chronic pain treatment options. The framework for guiding this study was Neuman’s Systems Model (1995) based on the concepts of stress, client stability, and intervention. A review of the literature was completed that revealed very little information on the topic and therefore further research regarding patient perceptions of treatment options for chronic pain was warranted. Nine patients participated in interviews and shared their experiences with treatment options and contexts or situations that influenced or affected those experiences of treatment options. Participants described their experience with chronic pain to include options available to them; the effectiveness of the methods tried; lifestyle changes associated with their pain; feelings of hopelessness for the future relative to pain resolution as well as available options; the effects of listening and understanding; and depression.
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Walker, Mirjam. "Echinococcosis : parasite survival strategies and novel treatment options /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.zb.unibe.ch/download/eldiss/04walker_m.pdf.
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Reaves, Adrienne D. "Facts and treatment options for patients with endometriosis /." Online version of thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12141.
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Aslam, Sher A. "Investigating treatment options for battlefield retinal laser injury." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f3677ac-90d2-4e38-86cd-9d514d3d9755.
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Battlefield retinal laser injury is an infrequent but potentially devastating cause of irreversible blindness. Resultant laser-induced photoreceptor death may occur by necrosis or apoptosis, the latter which is a form of programmed cell death that may be physiological or pathological. Though necrosis cannot be prevented, apoptosis may be inhibited under certain conditions. Therefore, following retinal laser injury, specific treatment aims to target apoptotic photoreceptors and may take the form of neuroprotection or cell replacement. The primary aim of this thesis was to construct an in vivo model in which to observe the effects of retinal laser exposure on cone photoreceptor apoptosis. Current methodology to determine the effects involves histological techniques and is therefore limited to being cross-sectional. An in vivo model would permit longitudinal study to observe the cone response to injury using clinically relevant applications, including fundus autofluorescence imaging. Such a construct would enable more sensitive evaluation of new therapies which would be of direct translational relevance. The secondary aim was to investigate potential therapeutic options for retinal laser injury by pharmacological means in the form of CNTF or cell transplantation. To identify the possible molecular signals involved in neurotrophic factor-induced photoreceptor cell survival, apoptotic gene expression was investigated focusing on those genes modulated by the CNTF pathway.
12
Murray, C. A. "Novel treatment options for coagulant and potable sludge." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10751.
Full textAbstract:
increases in
coagulant required to remove sufficient quantities of natural organic matter
(NOM) to ensure compliance with trihalomethane (THM) regulations lead to an
increase in the volume of potable sludge generated. Here options to treat the sludge or
reduce the amount of
sludge produced are assessed. The results from assessing
advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of potable sludge showed that although
feasible it would be more
advantageous to remove the NOM from the water via a
process that generates less sludge. For the removal of NOM the main focus was on the
adsorption of NOM onto TiO2 powder and this was optimised in terms of the removal of
bulk water
parameters, namely dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet (UV)
absorbance at 254 m
(UV254). The results showed that both the DOC and UV254
absorbance could be reduced
by over 90%. Secondly the immobilisation of TiO2 as a
thin lm coated on a
supporting substrate was evaluated. To obtain a uniform coating
was
complex and the NOM removal was much poorer than that achieved using the TiO2
powder due to the reduced surface area. To overcome the complex issue of separating
the TiO2 powder from the treated water larger pellets sized TiO2 particles were used as
a adsorbent
coupled with side-stream UV regeneration. Results from both bench and
pilot scales showed that the DOC concentration could be reduced by 86% and the UV254
absorbance
by 75%. In addition low M compounds which are untouched by
conventional
coagulation were removed. Combining NOM adsorption onto TiO2 pellets
with ferric
coagulation increased the reduction in UV254 absorbance to 94% at a reduced
coagulant dose. This reduction in coagulant dose of over 80% will have a major impact
on the volume of potable sludge generated.
13
Shirodkar, A. "Retinal vascular involvement in uveitis and new treatment options." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348740/.
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The retinal blood vessels can become occluded due to both inflammation and thromboembolic diseases, and the main aim of this thesis is to examine the features of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in patients with co-existing ocular inflammation to determine risk factors for the development of RVO, risk factors predictive of a poor visual outcome in uveitis, the prevalence of anti phospholipid antibody-based disease and the role of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) testing. In this thesis, I also explore the efficacy of new treatments for retinal vein occlusion, particularly the Ozurdex intravitreal dexamethasone implant, which can also be used to treat uveitis and uveitis macular oedema. Demographic and clinical variables were extracted from the medical notes of three separate sample groups of patients attending Moorfields Eye hospital including: 1) patients attending a Uveitis clinic between 2009-2011 with a new or past history of RVO; 2) any patient who had aPL testing performed during 2010; 3) patients recruited onto the initial Ozurdex for uveitis phase III clinical trial. 34 RVO events were recorded during a two year period with an overall clinic prevalence of 1.83%. Presenting ocular features and risk factors for RVO in uveitis patients were explored. aPL testing was commonly performed on patients with RVO in an Ophthalmology setting, and the usefulness of this and its relation to RVO events were examined. Finally, follow up data for uveitis patients treated with a single Ozurdex implant were explored to determine the longer-term outcome of this treatment, and the strategies employed as and when patients relapsed, comparing these outcomes with those of the Ozurdex implant.
14
DeStefano, Darren. "Chemotherapeutic treatment options of ( Xylella fastidiosa) in shade trees." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3251.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
15
Robinson, Lauren. "Bone health in eating disorders : outcomes and treatment options." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10038404/.
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Introduction: Studies investigating the occurrence of osteoporosis in Eating Disorders (EDs) are limited. This thesis investigates the extent to which individuals with different ED diagnoses and ED behaviours suffer from bone loss, and studies bone loss in both adolescents and adults with EDs. Finally, this thesis will investigate the current treatments to improve bone health in EDs, and make recommendations for both treatment and future research avenues. Methods: Chapters 5 and 8 of this thesis present systematic reviews of the literature, firstly investigating Bone Mineral Density (BMD) across ED sub-types using a meta-analysis (Chapter 5), and secondly investigating current treatment options and the mechanisms behind these treatments (Chapter 8). Chapters 6 and 7 investigate bone health outcomes in a general population sample, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Lifetime ED behaviours and ED diagnoses are investigated in adults as predictors of BMD (Chapter 6), and ED behaviours are investigated as longitudinal predictors of BMD and fracture occurrence in adolescents (Chapter 7). Finally, the mechanisms associated with bone loss are reviewed and treatment options are discussed (Chapter 8). Results: Chapter 5 found that not only Anorexia Nervosa (AN), but also Bulimia Nervosa (BN) was associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). Chapter 6 advanced upon this and found individual ED behaviours (fasting and restricting) to be predictive low BMD in adult women. Chapter 7 found that fasting, purging and excessively exercising in adolescence were longitudinal predictors of fracture occurrence up to early adulthood. Finally, Chapter 8 found that bisphosphonate therapy, and also transdermal oestrogen were the only empirically supported treatments to improve BMD in AN. Conclusions: The results from this thesis advance on the current literature as we find that not only AN, but also BN and individual ED behaviours are all predictive of poor bone health outcomes in both adults and adolescents. Treatment options are severely limited for this group, and those available have an uncertain safety profile. Future research should aim to protect bone health in all EDs, and develop safe and efficacious treatments.
16
Murray, Christine Ann. "Novel treatment options for coagulant and potable sludge reduction." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2005. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10751.
Full textAbstract:
increases in coagulant required to remove sufficient quantities of natural organic matter (NOM) to ensure compliance with trihalomethane (THM) regulations lead to an increase in the volume of potable sludge generated. Here options to treat the sludge or reduce the amount of sludge produced are assessed. The results from assessing advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of potable sludge showed that although feasible it would be more advantageous to remove the NOM from the water via a process that generates less sludge. For the removal of NOM the main focus was on the adsorption of NOM onto TiO2 powder and this was optimised in terms of the removal of bulk water parameters, namely dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance at 254 m (UV254). The results showed that both the DOC and UV254 absorbance could be reduced by over 90%. Secondly the immobilisation of TiO2 as a thin lm coated on a supporting substrate was evaluated. To obtain a uniform coating was complex and the NOM removal was much poorer than that achieved using the TiO2 powder due to the reduced surface area. To overcome the complex issue of separating the TiO2 powder from the treated water larger pellets sized TiO2 particles were used as a adsorbent coupled with side-stream UV regeneration. Results from both bench and pilot scales showed that the DOC concentration could be reduced by 86% and the UV254 absorbance by 75%. In addition low M compounds which are untouched by conventional coagulation were removed. Combining NOM adsorption onto TiO2 pellets with ferric coagulation increased the reduction in UV254 absorbance to 94% at a reduced coagulant dose. This reduction in coagulant dose of over 80% will have a major impact on the volume of potable sludge generated.
17
Grey, Catherine Vyvian. "Physiochemical Treatment Options for High-Conductivity Coal Mining Runoff." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85011.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, the excessive specific conductance (SC) of Appalachian coal mining runoff waters has become a parameter of concern with the EPA due to its negative effect on aquatic life and water quality. In order to comply with the EPA guidance suggesting an effluent SC of 500 µS/cm, the Appalachian Research Initiative for Environmental Science (ARIES) Center at Virginia Tech requested that testing be done to determine the most effective technologies for reduction of SC. Runoff water was collected from two sites in southwestern Virginia and characterized to determine the source of SC in the water. The main contributing ions were determined to be Na⁺, Mg²⁻, Ca²⁺, and SO₄²⁻. Testing was performed to assess the possibility of using the speciation software, MINEQL+, with a set of empirical equations which predict SC using ionic composition for natural waters with a low to medium SC.
The physicochemical treatment methods tested were ion exchange, excess lime-soda softening, and the Cost Effective Sulfate Removal (CESR) process. Both cation (H⁺ exchanger) and anion (Cl⁻ exchanger) exchange media were tested separately in batch reactors, which resulted in a higher effluent SC than initial SC. The softening method investigated, excess lime-soda softening, also resulted in increased SC levels because non-carbonate hardness levels were high and carbonate concentrations were low. The CESR process successfully lowered SC from 1,500-2,500 µS/cm to below the proposed EPA limit of 500 µS/cm. The success of this process was due to its ability to remove more than 85% of the calcium, magnesium, and sulfate from the water, which together accounted for more than 90% of ions in the source water.Master of Science
18
Maher, Christopher John. "Options for treatment of legacy and advanced nuclear fuels." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/options-for-treatment-of-legacy-and-advanced-nuclear-fuels(984fa9e5-3732-4f1b-b9b1-42457ef0f732).html.
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The treatment of advanced nuclear fuels is relevant to the stabilisation of legacy spent fuels or nuclear materials and fuels from future nuclear reactors. Historically, spent fuel reprocessing has been driven to recover uranium and plutonium for reuse. Future fuel cycles may also recover the minor actinides neptunium, americium and perhaps curium. These actinides would be fabricated into new reactor fuel to produce energy and for transmutation of the minor actinides. This has the potential to reduce the long lived radioactivity of the spent fuel and reprocessing high level waste, whilst also maximising energy production. To achieve these aims there are a range of materials that could be used as advanced nuclear fuels, these include metals, oxides, carbides, nitrides and composite materials, and these fuels may also be alloyed. These advanced fuels may need to be reprocessed, and as head end is the first chemical treatment step in a reprocessing plant, the issues caused by treating these advanced fuels are faced primarily by head end. Changes to the overall reprocessing specification, such as reduction in discharge authorisations for volatile radionuclides, will have the greatest impact upon head end. All these factors may lead to the introduction of pre-treatment technologies (e.g. Voloxidation) or enhanced dissolution technologies, e.g. mediated dissolution using silver(II).Literature and experimental studies show that uranium dioxide and low plutonium content MOx dissolves in nitric acid via direct and indirect nitrate reduction. The indirect nitrous acid catalysed route is kinetically most significant. The kinetics for the dissolution of uranium dioxide and 5 % plutonium MOx have been derived experimentally. Studies of the dissolution of MOx pellets in concentrated nitric acid and near boiling conditions indicate that dissolution shows a degree of mass transfer limitation. Thermodynamic studies show that the pronounced reduction in the MOx dissolution extent at 30-40% plutonium is due to the thermodynamics of the key dissolution reactions. One technology that could be used to dissolve plutonium-rich residues that are generated from the reprocessing of MOx fuels is mediated dissolution. Inactive studies using linear staircase voltammetry (LSCV) and constant current bulk electrolysis (BE) have been used to optimise a 100 ml dissolution cell. The generation of silver(II) is dependent upon silver concentration, agitation and the size of the separator membrane. Whilst the stability of silver(II) is defined by the kinetics of water oxidation, this is dependent upon a number of factors including nitric acid concentration, silver(I):(II) ratio, temperature and the rate of migration from the catholyte into the anolyte. LSCV experiments have shown that Tafel analysis confirms there is a good relationship between potential and anode current density assuming oxygen evolution and silver(I) oxidation. Kinetic modelling of the BE experiments can be used to model the silver(II) generation, steady state and decomposition due to reaction with water. The dissolution cell has been demonstrated to be capable of dissolving plutonium dioxide to 200 g.l-1 in less than 2 hours with good faradaic efficiency.
19
Fearing, David Andrew. "Process options for the treatment of humic rich waters." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2004. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/128.
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Seasonal periods of high rainfall have led to difficulties in removing sufficient natural organic matter (NOM) to meet trihalomethane (THM) standards, and hence better or alternative treatments are required. Typically bulk water parameters such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and UV absorbance at 254nm (UV254) are used to optimise treatment processes. Here the isolated fraction character and molecular weight (MW) distribution was used in conjunction with bulk water parameters to tailor process options for the treatment of humic rich waters. Three options for the removal of NOM were proposed. A staged coagulation based on the optimisation of isolated fractions. The results showed that although no significant reduction in DOC or UV254 was observed filter breakthrough was significantly reduced. Secondly a novel magnetic ion exchange process (MIEX®) for the removal of NOM was evaluated. The results showed that a combination of MIEX® and ferric reduced the THM formation potential (THMFP) by more than 50% and lower MW compounds that are known to be untreated by conventional coagulation were reduced. This option was also shown to be the most robust option for the treatment of waters with differing quality caused by seasonal changes and different catchments. Finally the addition of a range of adsorbents including carbons, hydroxides and clays to both the raw water and the isolated low MW fractions showed that an increase in DOC and UV254 removal was achievable. This was proposed as a post coagulation option during times of high organic loading. All processes provide viable options for the treatment of humic rich waters during times when current processes are being challenged and having difficulty meeting THM standards.
20
Cores, Ferradas Roberto, and Ramírez Víctor Valdez. "Treatment of the Call Spread options and the premiums associates to financial options in the Income Tax." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123035.
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In this article, the authors explain the type of treatment the Call Spread options should be given. They argue that these should be treated as a unique derivative and not as one compound by two independent elements. Likewise, they outline the premium as an inherent element in the determination of any gains or losses from the financial options that it is decided to adopt. As an important point, they claim that adopting one specific side about the treatment of the Call Spread options and the premium implies having a viewpoint about their determination in the Income Tax.En el presente artículo, los autores explican el tipo de tratamiento que se debería dar a las opciones Call Spread. Sostienen que debería ser tratado como un derivado único y no como uno compuesto por dos elementos independientes. Asimismo, señalan a la prima como un elemento inherente a la determinación de las eventuales ganancias o pérdidas definitivas generadas por las opciones financieras que se decida adoptar. Como punto importante, indican que adoptar una posición específica sobre el tratamiento de las opciones Call Spread y de las primas supone una posición sobre su determinación en el Impuesto a la Renta.
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Schulte, Sabrina Janine. "Treatment options and pathways for clients with co-morbidity (topcom)." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489459.
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Kwong, Hon-fai Alfred, and 鄺漢暉. "Options for drug addicts: a comparision of different treatment programs." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45418299.
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Isaksson, Rita. "Unexplained infertility : studies on aetiology, treatment options and obstetric outcome." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/isaksson/.
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ALLEN, JEFFREY W. "METAL RECOVERY AND REUSE: TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THE BERKELY PIT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin974471224.
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McGready, Rose. "Options for treatment of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in pregnancy." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367547.
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Miller, Alyssa N. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children : the effective treatment options available /." Lynchburg, VA : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Lim, Jong hyun M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Assessment of sludge management options in a waste water treatment plant." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74410.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).
This thesis is part of a larger project which began in response to a request by the Spanish water agengy, Cadagua, for advice on life cycle assessment (LCA) and environmental impacts of Cadagua operated wastewater treatment plants. The project uses the LCA software GaBi and focuses on La Gavia Wastewater Treatment Plant in Madrid. This thesis analyzes three sludge management options that La Gavia could have implemented: (1) cogeneration and incineration, (2) cogeneration and land application, and (3) Composting. Life cycle impacts of global warming potential, eutrophication, acidification, ozone layer depletion potential were calibrated using GaBi.
by Jong hyun Lim.
M.Eng.
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Barker, Dean. "An Investigation into the treatment options for patients with aggressive periodontitis." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445633.
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Hu, Wei. "Stable Treatment of Discontinuities in the Numerical Pricing of Options with Dividens." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159857.
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Black-Scholes is the widely used model of option pricing in practice. In this thesis, discontinuous dividends are involved into the Black-Scholes model. With some substitutions, the Black-Scholes equation can be transferred into another form. The main part of the thesis is about how to avoid the oscillations near the discontinuities using several oscillation-free methods. Furthermore, the error analysis and the result of the methods based on both the Black-Scholes equation and the transferred one are introduced.
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Antonini, Samantha [Verfasser]. "Nutrient recovery from human urine : Treatment options and reuse potential / Samantha Antonini." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043057056/34.
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Zezina, Lilija. "Mechanisms and treatment options of chronic graft dysfunction : Experimental and clinical studies." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4959-X/.
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Stettler, Marianne. "A view to a kill : novel options for treatment of Alveolar Echinococcosis /." Bern : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Byington, Randy L., Shane Keene, Ester L. Verhovsek, and Jessica Depew. "Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita: A Review of Treatment Options for the Lower Extremities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. http://ispub.com/IJWH/7/2/13981.
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Arthrogryposis, a congenital disorder characterized by multiple joint contractures, can limit one’s ability to perform even the simplest of tasks. The purpose of this paper is to outline the general limitations associated with arthrogryposis and examine the most common corrective procedures used to treat and manage deformities of the lower extremities. While the ultimate goal may be complete correction of the associated deformities, this may not be practical, as recurrence of contractures is common. Surgical and non-surgical methods discussed in this paper include casting with the Ponseti Method, use of bracing and night splinting, soft tissue release for the ankle and knee, talectomy and osteotomy procedures for the knee. The conclusions discussed in this paper determine that complete correction is not typically obtained, but quality of life can be improved through functional independence and ambulation when utilized in conjunction with thorough physical therapy rehabilitation.
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Nohelty, Susan Rebecca. "Glioblastoma multiforme: Geographic variations in tumor size, treatment options, and survival rate." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/268.
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Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a destructive brain cancer that results in death 12 to 15 months after diagnosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine if variations in tumor size at diagnosis, treatment options, and survival rate occur in GBM patients living in urban and rural areas of the United States. Using the behavior model of health services as the theoretical framework, this study used secondary data sets of GBM cases reported from 1988 to 2011 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Tumor size was measured in millimeters; treatment was evaluated by ascertaining the number of GBM patients who had surgical resection of their tumors, radiation, and chemotherapy; and survival rate was evaluated using Cox Regression analysis. With a sample size of 33,202 cases, data were examined using descriptive and multivariable analyses with SPSS. Results showed statistically significant differences in tumor size at diagnosis in rural patients compared to urban patients (p = 0.0085; p = 0.018), more urban patients were treated with radiation compared to rural patients (p < 0.001), and rural patients had poorer survival rates than urban patients (p < 0.001). Finally, when controlling for region, race, age, gender, education, and income, longer survival time was associated with urban status, female cases, and higher family income (p < 0.0001), and greater age was associated with reduced survival time (p < 0.0001). Study results could promote positive social change by identifying predictive variables associated with health outcomes of GBM patients. It may also educate providers on the risk of rurality of patients diagnosed with GBM, and inform lawmakers responsible for the creation of healthcare policy and the equitable allocation of healthcare resources.
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Jeffreys, Kendralyn G. "A Survey of Point of Use Household Water Treatment Options for Rural South India." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/190.
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Contaminated drinking water is one of the major health challenges facing people in the developing world. The country of India leads the world in under age five mortality due to diarrheal disease, which is attributed to water and food contamination. While the Indian government has made progress in expanding access to improved water sources in the last decade, the microbiological quality of the water is unpredictable. Point of use household water treatment systems can provide clean drinking water for people who do not have access to a clean water source. This report examines five non-electrical point of use household water treatment options which have been extensively field-tested and could potentially be used in rural, South Indian villages: chlorine disinfectant, chlorine-flocculant sachets, ceramic filters, biosand filters and solar disinfection. A case study of a village in Andhra Pradesh is presented that highlights the factors to consider when introducing a new POU technology into a community.
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Schuller, Kelly L. "The framing effect and breast cancer treatment options do individual characteristics play a role? /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4629.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 97 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-65).
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Wisłocka, Lilianna Joanna [Verfasser]. "Chemotherapeutic treatment options in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer suffering hyperbilirubinemia / Lilianna Joanna Wisłocka." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223928292/34.
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Fuls, Herman Franz. "Evaluation of processing options for the treatment of zinc sulphide concentrates at Skorpion zinc." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10497.
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Includes bibliographical references (p.84-87).The zinc oxide resource of Skorpion Zinc, an integrated zinc mine and refinery, near Rosh Pinah in southern Namibia, will be depleted by end of 2015 with a possible extension to 2017. Extensive exploration drilling was unsuccessful. With the abundant availability of zinc sulphide concentrates regionally the life of the operation may be extended by processing these concentrates. The leach kinetics of zinc sulphides is vastly slower than oxides, preventing the processing of zinc sulphides using the existing process, under current conditions. The challenge is to identify a suitable zinc sulphide treatment process that can be integrated with the existing plant. Information from the bench scale test work and an update of the economic models will provide sufficient accuracy for Skorpion to select either the pressure or the atmospheric leach process.
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Loudenback, Katrina Lynn. "IMPACT OF STAFF PRECEPTION USING DISCOUNTING OF TREATMENT OPTIONS, PROBLEM BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT, AND RESTRAINT USAGE." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2515.
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The purpose of the current study is to apply delay and probability discounting in areas of treatment options, problem behaviors, and restraint usage with staff members. There was a total of 31 participants that completed three probability and delay discounting surveys either on the computer or by paper/pencil. Before the three surveys, they completed a demographic questionnaire. Participants had to choose from two choice, one that was immediate and the other had a delay in time. Survey one gave a scenario for treatment options, survey two had a scenario for problem behavior management, and then survey three’s scenario was about engaging in restraints. For each of the surveys, the results showed that staff did not engage in discounting. Survey one the AUC scores ranged from 0 to 0.99 (M= 0.77, SD=0.31) with R² value of 0.4156, survey two’s AUC score ranged from 0 to 0.99 (M= 0.54, SD=0.38) with R² value of 0.4356 and survey three’s AUC scores ranged from 0 to 0.99 (M= 0.53, SD=0.40) and R² value of 0.3498. Three different functions were used to show the best fit for the discounting curve, exponential, logarithmic, and polynomial. Overall, the three surveys showed that the participants had a lower level of impulsivity.
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Baker, Noah. "Minfulness-based Treatment Options for Anxiety as a Function of Described Etiology and Psychological Characteristics." The University of Montana, 2010. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-01112010-144833/.
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Mindfulness-based treatments have demonstrated clinical utility with a variety of theoretical approaches for both physical illness (e.g. chronic pain) and psychological disorders, including anxiety (Baer, 2003; Shigaki, Glass, & Schopp, 2006). Responding to a lack of data regarding patient treatment preference generally (Spring, 2007), and preference for mindfulness-based treatment in particular, this study sought to examine factors related to patient choice in an analogue scenario. Method: Undergraduate students (121 male, 189 female, mean age = 19.6 years) watching a mental health professional on video were asked to imagine having a variety of anxiety symptoms described as either psychological or physical in nature. Participants then received descriptions of 3 treatment options [mindfulness-based treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and SSRI medication] and made a hypothetical treatment choice. Subsequently, they answered self-report measures of metacognitive awareness, openness to experience, inherent mindfulness, experiential avoidance, religiosity, and anxiety. Hypotheses: The description of anxiety (H1) and individual characteristics mentioned above (H2) were expected to be related to participants likelihood of engaging in a mindfulness-based treatment. Results: The description of anxiety as psychological was associated with a higher rate of individuals preferring a mindfulness-based treatment (÷2 = 5.06, p = .024). Also, metacognitive awareness and openness to experience appear to be predictive of increased willingness to choose a mindfulness-based treatment (â = .245, p < .001; â = .246, p < .001, respectively). Discussion: Perceptions of anxietys etiology, as well as individual characteristics, may impact an individuals treatment preference.
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Zhu, Chao. "Food Waste Treatment Options at the University of Cincinnati: Life Cycle Assessment and Economic Evaluation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397233639.
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Green, Vanessa (Vanessa Layton). "Household water treatment and safe storage options for Northern Region Ghana : consumer preference and relative cost." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43903.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72).
A range of household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) products are available in Northern Region Ghana which have the potential to significantly improve local drinking water quality. However, to date, the region has failed to see significant HWTS product adoption and sustained use. Therefore, this consumer preference study was conducted to give HWTS implementing organizations a method and tool to help stimulate product uptake by tailoring water quality interventions to local preferences and needs. Ultimately, this work highlights a discrete set of HWTS products most likely to have the greatest impact on local drinking water quality, based on product effectiveness, adoption and sustained use. The research methodology included a consumer preference survey and water quality testing in 237 households in four rural and three urban communities around Tamale, Ghana in January 2008. Turbidity testing and total coliforms (TC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) removal were used to assess source water quality. The research confirmed that local purchasing decisions are dominated by a desire for products that offer a major health improvement and have a traditional durable product look, with relatively less importance placed on water taste and look, treatment time and price. The data was used to generate baseline consumer profiles based on a combination of demographic characteristics, source water quality, HWTS product preferences, ability to pay, and purchasing behavior. The consumer profiles reveal that a traditional durable product such as Pure Home Water's Kosim ceramic pot filter is a good fit for communities with turbid source water; however, a portfolio HWTS approach will be required to meet the diverse needs of the northern Ghana population.
(cont.) Specifically, there is a cross-segment need for a safe storage product as well as a low-cost chlorine disinfection option. There is an opportunity for revenue generation through a sachet water business targeted to the high-income segment of the urban market. Finally, continued investment in filtration and flocculation technology options will be required to effectively serve rural communities that utilize surfaces waters with average turbidities >200 NTU.
by Vanessa Green.
M.Eng.
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Amirgol, Atie. "Evaluating Data-Driven Optimization Options for Dissolved Organic Carbon Treatment by Coagulation and Powdered Activated Carbon." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1627734124517122.
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Doheny, Ryan Matthew. "Evaluation of Constructed Wetlands and Pretreatment Options For the Treatment of Flow-through Trout Farm Effluent." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76824.
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Horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands were evaluated for the treatment of flow-through trout farm effluent, phosphorus sorption affinity of gravel-bed media, and influence on Rhodamine WT (RWT) transport. HSSF wetlands coupled with mechanical pretreatment demonstrated significant (p <0.05) removal of total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), total suspended solids (TSS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and turbidity. Treatment occurred predominantly within the wetland cells, with minimal removal of studied water quality parameters by means of sedimentation or microscreen filtration (80 ?m mesh). HSSF wetlands removed 69% of influent TSS, 24% of influent TP, and reduced turbidity by 66%. The removal of organic matter within the wetlands, as measured by BOD5, COD, and TOC was 62%, 50%, and 55%, respectively. After receiving effluent from a flow-through trout farm for about one year, the gravel media exhibited moderate removals of soluble phosphorus in batch and column sorption experiments. Partition coefficients (Kd) from batch sorption tests ranged from 45-90 mL/g. Low (60 mL/min) and high (165 mL/min) flow column experiments removed about 50 and 40% of influent PO4-P, respectively. The conservative nature of RWT in subsurface media has been called into question by many authors. Tracer response curves from tests conducted in pilot-scale HSSF wetlands exhibited elongated tails and dual peaks, in addition to mean tracer retention times far exceeding the theoretical value. Laboratory column testing of RWT and the more conservative NaCl tracer supported field data, indicating that RWT was more reactive within the wetland media.Master of Science
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Batra, Gorav. "Atrial Fibrillation in the setting of Coronary Artery Disease : Risks and outcomes with different treatment options." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kardiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320541.
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide and atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent arrhythmia associated with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Despite improved outcome in both diseases, there is a need to further describe the prevalence, outcome and management of CAD in patients with concomitant AF. AF was a common finding among patients with MI, with 16% having new-onset, paroxysmal or chronic AF. Patients post-MI with concomitant AF, regardless of subtype, were at increased risk of composite cardiovascular outcome of mortality, MI or ischemic stroke, including mortality and ischemic stroke alone. No major difference in outcome was observed between AF subtypes. At discharge, an oral anticoagulant was prescribed to 27% of the patients with MI and AF undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin or clopidogrel plus warfarin versus dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin plus clopidogrel were associated with similar 0-90-day and lower 91-365-day risk of cardiovascular outcome, without increased risk of major bleeding events. Triple therapy with aspirin, clopidogrel plus warfarin versus dual antiplatelet therapy was associated with non-significant lower risk of cardiovascular outcome, but with increased risk of bleeding events. Treatment with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors post-MI was associated with lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with and without congestive heart failure and/or AF. However, RAS inhibition in patients without AF was not associated with lower risk of new-onset AF. Approximately 1 in 3 patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) had pre- or postoperative AF. Patients with AF, regardless of subtype, were at higher risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and congestive heart failure. Furthermore, postoperative AF was associated with higher risk of recurrent AF. In conclusion, AF was a common finding in the setting of MI and CABG. AF, irrespectively if in the setting of MI or CABG was associated with higher risk of ischemic events and mortality. Also, postoperative AF was associated with recurrent AF. Oral anticoagulants post-MI and PCI in patients with AF was underutilized, however, optimal antithrombotic therapy is still unknown. RAS inhibition post-MI seems beneficial, however, it was not associated with lower incidence of new-onset AF.
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Mackenzie, Andrew Ian. "Characterization of Drainage Chemistry in Fanny Creek Catchment and Optimal Passive AMD Treatment Options for Fanny Creek." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5078.
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Fanny Creek drains from Island Block opencast coal mine, near Reefton on the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand, and is impacted by acid mine drainage (AMD). The objectives of this study were to characterise drainage chemistry in Fanny Creek catchment, and to determine optimal passive treatment strategies for Fanny Creek AMD for future pilot or full-scale application. This was undertaken by monthly monitoring in Fanny Creek catchment between February 2008 and January 2009 to collect drainage chemistry and flow data. Laboratory trials of suitable passive AMD treatment systems were conducted and their treatment performance assessed to select and design optimal passive treatment strategies for Fanny Creek AMD.
Oxidation of pyrite in Brunner Coal Measure sediments at Island Block mine generates AMD. Fanny Creek originates from a number of AMD seeps on the eastern waste rock slope of Island Block mine. Seeps have low pH (<3.23) and a single detailed metal analysis indicates drainage is enriched with aluminium and iron, and contains elevated concentrations of manganese, copper, nickel, zinc and cadmium relative to applicable water quality criteria such as ANZECC guidelines. Acidity and metal loadings of drainage in the catchment indicates AMD from the northern waste rock slope contributes most of the acidity (~70%) and metal (60%) in Fanny Creek, and acts to re-dissolve additional metals upon mixing with drainage from other slopes.
The most suitable location for a passive AMD treatment system in Fanny Creek catchment is on the Waitahu Valley floor, near monitoring site R12, because this allows for sediment removal prior to a treatment system. Fanny Creek AMD at site R12 was characterized in detail because this data assists with selection and design of passive AMD treatment systems. Fanny Creek at site R12 contains on average 6.0 mg/L aluminium, 1.3 mg/L iron, 3.1 mg/L manganese, 0.49 mg/L zinc, 0.14 mg/L nickel, 0.0071 mg/L copper and 0.00048 mg/L cadmium. Average pH at site R12 was 3.95, calculated acidity averaged 42.7 mg CaCO₃/L, and flow rate ranged from 1.5 L/s to about 30 L/s. Acidity and metal generation from Island Block mine increases linearly with flow in the catchment, and therefore Fanny Creek drainage chemistry is not significantly affected by rainfall dilution. Natural attenuation of AMD occurs by addition of un-impacted alkaline drainage from Greenland Group basement rocks, wetland ecosystem processes, and geochemical reactions along Fanny Creek that decrease acidity and
metal concentrations before AMD discharges into the Waitahu River. During low flow conditions (summer months), surface flow of AMD into the Waitahu River does not occur because of subsurface flow loss.
Three suitable passive AMD treatment options for Fanny Creek AMD were selected and trialed at ‘bench top’ scale in a laboratory. These included a sulfate reducing bioreactor (SRBR), a limestone leaching bed (LLB), and an open limestone channel (OLC). The potential to mix Waitahu River water with Fanny Creek to neutralize AMD was also investigated. Fanny Creek AMD was employed for laboratory trials, and influent flow rates into SRBR, LLB and OLC systems were regulated to assess performance at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). Optimal HRTs for future treatment system designs were determined from effective AMD treatment thresholds, and include 51 hours, 5 hours and 15 hours for SRBR, LLB and OLC systems, respectively.
To determine optimal treatment options for Fanny Creek AMD the effectiveness of each trial option was compared to applicable water quality criteria, and scale up implications of treatment options was assessed. The SRBR system had most effective AMD treatment, with water quality criteria achieved for metals, greatest alkalinity generation, and highest pH increase. However, a full scale SRBR system has significant size requirements, and long term treatment performance may be limited. The LLB system decreased metals to below, or just slightly above criteria for all metals, and has significantly smaller size requirements compared to a SRBR system. The OLC system was least effective, with effluent above water quality criteria for all metals except iron, and with lowest alkalinity generation. The Waitahu River is capable of neutralizing AMD because it is slightly alkaline. The flow volume of river water required for neutralization is between 65 L/s and 140L/s, which can be gravity fed to mix with Fanny Creek. These results indicate that either a LLB treatment system or the Waitahu River Mixing option are the optimal passive treatment strategies for Fanny Creek AMD. On site pilot scale testing of SRBR and LLB systems, and the Waitahu River Mixing option is recommended because of AMD treatment uncertainty, and to more accurately select and design full scale passive treatment strategies.
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Bailey, Matthew Thomas. "Recovering resources from abandoned metal mine waters : an assessment of the potential options at passive treatment systems." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3433.
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Remediation of metal-rich discharges from abandoned mines entails capture of metals within a treatment system and, typically, disposal of the waste. A preferable option would be to recover the metals for reuse. For many long-abandoned mines metal loads are often relatively small, albeit they often cause significant environmental pollution. Low-cost passive treatment systems, in which metals are retained in some form of treatment substrate, such as compost, are often preferred. This thesis investigates the amenability of such treatment systems to resource recovery. Two down-flow compost bioreactors, treating zinc-rich discharges, were the focus of the research: a pilot-scale unit at Nenthead, and a full-scale system at Force Crag, both in Cumbria, England. Laboratory investigations of the Nenthead substrate identified 7,900mg/kg zinc in the upper horizons of the substrate, and 2,400mg/kg in the lower horizons, after two years of operation. Acid leaching tests effectively de-contaminated the substrate with respect to zinc and cadmium. Complete recovery of zinc was observed after ≤30 hours across a range of acid leach tests, although 23-37 days were required before equivalent recovery was achieved by biological leaching. The Force Crag system removed >95% zinc over the first year of operation and, removal rates suggest that after 10 years of operation >20,000mg/kg zinc will have accumulated in the substrate. Substrate de-contamination could offer substantial life-cycle cost savings at passive treatment sites, especially by limiting volumes of material for disposal to landfill. Furthermore, recovery of metals has important implications for resource sustainability and circular economics. Other resource recovery options may exist at abandoned mine sites. At Force Crag 1.6kW of kinetic energy exists in flowing mine water, in addition to thermal energy which could be recovered for space heating applications. Recovering this energy would convert this site into a net-generator of power. Because of their often remote locations, renewable energy may be of particular value to off-grid facilities at some mine sites.
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Mautner, Karin. "Numerical treatment of the Black-Scholes variational inequality in computational finance." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15595.
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In der Finanzmathematik hat der Besitzer einer amerikanische Option das Recht aber nicht die Pflicht, eine Aktie innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraums, für einen bestimmten Preis zu kaufen oder zu verkaufen. Die Bewertung einer amerikanische Option wird als so genanntes optimale stopping Problem formuliert. Erfolgt die Modellierung des Aktienkurses durch eine geometrische Brownsche Bewegung, wird der Wert einer amerikanischen Option durch ein deterministisches freies Randwertproblem (FRWP), oder einer äquivalenten Variationsungleichung (VU) auf ganz R in gewichteten Sobolev Räumen gegeben. Um Standardmethoden der Numerischen Mathematik anzuwenden, wird das unbeschränkte Gebiet zu einem beschränkten Gebiet abgeschnitten. Mit Hilfe der Fourier-Transformation wird eine Integraldarstellung der Lösung die den freien Rand explizit beinhaltet, hergeleitet. Mittels dieser Integraldarstellung werden Abschneidefehlerschranken bewiesen. Danach werden gewichtete Poincare Ungleichungen mit expliziten Konstanten bewiesen. Der Abschneidefehler und die gewichtete Poincare Ungleichung ermöglichen, einen zuverlässigen a posteriori Fehlerschätzer zwischen der exakten Lösung der VU und der semidiskreten Lösung des penalisierten Problems auf R herzuleiten. Eine hinreichend glatte Lösung der VU garantiert die Konvergenz der Lösung des penaltisierten Problems zur Lösung der VU. Ein a priori Fehlerschätzer für den Fehler zwischen der exakten Lösung der VU und der semidiskreten Lösung des penaltisierten Problems beendet die numerische Analysis. Die eingeführten aposteriori Fehlerschätzer motivieren einen Algorithmus für adaptive Netzverfeinerung. Numerische Experimente zeigen die verbesserte Konvergenz des adaptiven Verfahrens gegenüber der uniformen Verfeinerung. Der zuverlässige a posteriori Fehlerschätzer ermöglicht es, den Abschneidepunkt so zu wählen, dass der Gesamtfehler (Diskretisierungsfehler plus Abschneidefehler) kleiner als eine gegebenen Toleranz ist.Among the central concerns in mathematical finance is the evaluation of American options. An American option gives the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a certain financial asset within a certain time-frame, for a certain strike price. The valuation of American options is formulated as an optimal stopping problem. If the stock price is modelled by a geometric Brownian motion, the value of an American option is given by a deterministic parabolic free boundary value problem (FBVP) or equivalently a non-symmetric variational inequality (VI) on weighted Sobolev spaces on R. To apply standard numerical methods, the unbounded domain R is truncated to a bounded one. Applying the Fourier transform to the FBVP yields an integral representation of the solution including the free boundary explicitely. This integral representation allows to prove explicit truncation errors. Since the VI is formulated within the framework of weighted Sobolev spaces, we establish a weighted Poincare inequality with explicit determined constants. The truncation error estimate and the weighted Poncare inequality enable a reliable a posteriori error estimate between the exact solution of the VI and the semi-discrete solution of the penalised problem on R. A sufficient regular solution provides the convergence of the solution of the penalised problem to the solution of the VI. An a priori error estimate for the error between the exact solution of the VI and the semi-discrete solution of the penalised problem concludes the numerical analysis. The established a posteriori error estimates motivates an algorithm for adaptive mesh refinement. Numerical experiments show the improved convergence of the adaptive algorithm compared to uniform mesh refinement. The reliable a posteriori error estimate including explicit truncation errors allows to determine a truncation point such that the total error (discretisation and truncation error) is below a given error tolerance.
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Doidge, Stephen. "The tax treatment of receipts and accruals arising from equity option contracts." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007921.
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In this thesis the tax treatment of equity option contracts is examined. The writer gives an overview of the derivatives market in general and discusses the nature and effect of equity options in detail. Limited amendments have been made to the South African Income Tax Act No 58 of 1962 ('the Act') since the emergence of derivative instruments and at present only three types of derivative instruments are recognised: forward exchange and option contracts relating to forward exchange, interest rate swaps based on notional capital amounts and option contracts. Other than section 241 of the Act which deems all receipts and accruals from foreign exchange contracts to be income, the other sections dealing with derivatives do not concern themselves with capital or revenue classification. Accordingly, the classification of receipts and accruals arising from an equity option transaction is generally governed by the ordinary principles of South African tax law with the added problem of there being limited South African case law applying these general prinCiples to such transactions. The research undertaken in this thesis results in the establishment of a framework designed to determine the classification as revenue or capital the receipts and accruals arising from equity option contracts. Speculating, trading and investing in equity options is examined with regard to the general principles of South African tax and available case law. Hedging transactions are analysed with specific reference to their exact nature as well as general tax principles and available case law. The analogy of Krugerrands is used to draw parallels with the tax treatment of receipts and accruals arising from equity options used for hedging purposes. Once the theoretical framework has been established for revenue or capital classification, the actual tax treatment of both revenue and capital receipts is examined with reference to the Act and issues such as the gross income definition, the general deduction formula, trading stock and timing provisions are analysed and applied to receipts and accruals arising from equity option transactions. The thesis concludes with a summary of the findings and recommendations are made based on the research conducted.
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Emran, Jasmin. "Morbidity, treatment options, course of laboratory parameters and ABO blood groups in patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) /." Erlangen, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253118.
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