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Journal articles on the topic 'Treatment shafts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kowalski, Sławomir, Martin Pexa, Zdeněk Aleš, and Jakub Čedík. "Failure Analysis and the Evaluation of Forced-in Joint Reliability for Selected Operation Conditions." Coatings 11, no. 11 (2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111305.

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In this article, sample damage and wear of forced-in joints is presented, and their reliability evaluated. Compared were shafts without additional finish treatment, rolled shafts and those with a TiSiN coating. Tribological samples under investigation operated in rotational bending conditions. Recorded was the number of fatigue cycles at which damage might occur. Reliability indicators were plotted, which demonstrated that coated shafts are distinguished by the highest reliability and low damage intensity. Macroscopic observations of shaft surfaces demonstrated the traces of adhesive wear and,

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2

Kam, Menderes, and Hamit Saruhan. "Vibration damping capacity of deep cryogenic treated AISI 4140 steel shaft supported by rolling element bearings." Materials Testing 63, no. 8 (2021): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2020-0118.

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Abstract The main objective of the present study is to experimentally investigate and figure out the effect of deep cryogenic treatment in improving dynamic behaviors in terms of damping of a rotating shaft supported by rolling element bearings. An AISI 4140 steel for rotating shafts was selected for the experiments because it is the most widely used material in most industries for a wide range of applications such as machinery components, crankshafts, motor shafts, axle shafts, and railway locomotive traction motor shafts. Untreated, conventionally heat treated, deep cryogenic treated, and de

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Świć, Antoni, Arkadiusz Gola, Łukasz Sobaszek, and Natalia Šmidová. "A thermo-mechanical machining method for improving the accuracy and stability of the geometric shape of long low-rigidity shafts." Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 32, no. 7 (2021): 1939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10845-020-01733-4.

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AbstractThe article presents a new thermo-mechanical machining method for the manufacture of long low-rigidity shafts which combines straightening and heat treatment operations. A fixture for thermo-mechanical treatment of long low-rigidity shafts was designed and used in tests which involved axial straightening of shafts combined with a quenching operation (performed to increase the corrosion resistance of the steel used as stock material). The study showed that an analysis of the initial deflections of semi-finished shafts of different dimensions and determination of the maximum corrective d

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Mustapha, K. B., Z. W. Zhong, and S. B. A. Kashem. "Vibration Behavior of Gravity-Loaded Whirling Micro-Scale Shafts Influenced by an Axial Magnetic Field." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 09 (2017): 1750110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417501103.

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Some high-speed rotating micro-machines and micro-vibration devices rely on the use of whirling micro-shafts subject to the effect of gravity and magnetic fields. At present, the consequences of the interaction between the elastic deformation of such shafts and the magnetic/gravitational field effects remain unresolved. Focusing on micro-scale whirling shafts with very high torsional rigidity, this study presents a theoretical treatment grounded in the theory of micro-continuum elasticity to examine the ramification of this interaction. The differential transformation method (DTM) is used to o

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Hollas, Christian, Georg Jacobs, Vitali Züch, et al. "Power Density Analysis of Wind Turbine Main Bearing Units by Holistic Optimization of Material, Manufacturing and Design of the Main Shaft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 8 (2024): 082003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/8/082003.

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Abstract Given the continuous increases in wind turbine (WT) rated power and size, the nacelle weight and logistic handling costs increases significantly. To support heavier nacelles, stronger towers are needed which again increases material costs, so a need for nacelle power density increase arises. One solution to this problem is to increase the power density of the cast or forged WT main shaft. The power density in cast main shafts is limited by the low tensile strength of cast iron. High tensile strength steels, which theoretically increase power density, are used in state-of-the-art forge

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Kosec, Borut, Blaž Karpe, Mirko Gojić, et al. "Inductive Heating and Quenching of Planetary Shafts for Diesel Engine Starters." Advanced Technologies & Materials 48, no. 2 (2023): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2023-2-003.

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High mechanical and temperature cyclic loading of the final products for automotive, transport, construction and agriculture mechanization industry, demands sufficient mechanical properties of all of their components during its exploitation. Majority of the components is made of steel, by different cold forming processes. Their main demanded characteristics are surface wear resistance and fatigue strength under pulsating stress in combination with cyclic temperature loading, which could be achieved only by appropriate heat treatment. The efficiency of the combined inductive heating and water q

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7

Voyer, Joel, Stefan Klien, Florian Ausserer, Igor Velkavrh, Paul Schachtschneider, and Marius Süß. "Time and Costs Optimized Performance Evaluation Tests of Alternative Shaft-Bushing Concepts." Solid State Phenomena 320 (June 30, 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.320.103.

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The present case-study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the frictional properties (friction and wear) of alternative concepts for a shaft-bushing component in comparison to the actually used benchmark system. Through the use of a specially designed shaft-bushing tribology labor-sized test setup in combination with a high-precision modular tribometer, the overall performance of alternative concepts were evaluated and compared. Benchmark shafts consisted of nitro-carburized and oxidized bearing steel and benchmark bushings were made of sintered steel. The investigated alternative concepts c

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8

Pusterhofer, Michael, Florian Summer, Michael Maier, and Florian Grün. "Assessment of Shaft Surface Structures on the Tribological Behavior of Journal Bearings by Physical and Virtual Simulation." Lubricants 8, no. 1 (2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants8010008.

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Optimizing the surface topography of cast iron crankshafts offers the opportunity to use this material as an alternative to steel in high-performance combustion engines. In the past, this was not possible due to the higher wear on bearing shells and the higher friction losses in relation to forged steel shafts. In order to find an optimized shaft micro topography, the friction and wear behavior of steel and cast iron shafts with different surface treatments were compared to each other, using a combined physical (experimental) and a virtual (computational) simulation approach. The experiments w

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9

Nemenko, A. V., and M. M. Nikitin. "Optimizing the Finishing Treatment of Potato Harvester Transmission Shafts." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 18, no. 1 (2024): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-1-81-88.

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The potato harvester’s distinctive specifications include the spatially segregated drive of its units from an external engine, operating under stochastic conditions. This setup complicates the loading of its components, including transmission shafts, and creates the prerequisites for decreased durability, leading to an upsurge in fatigue failures. To counteract this process, transmission shafts undergo a special treatment aimed at mitigating concentrated defects. (Research purpose) The purpose of this research is to formulate an objective function for controlling the finishing treatment of tra

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10

Oshovskyі, Viktor, Igor Kapura, and Oleksandr Shostak. "Prospects of Modern Methods of Butt Welding for the Manufacture of Blanks and Repair of Crankshafts." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 54 (2024): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2024.54.3-11.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze modern productive automated methods of electrostatic welding that are promising for technologies for manufacturing blanks or repairing steel crankshafts from prefabricated parts to replace stamping, forging, and other unproductive methods, as well as to increase material utilization, quality, reliability, and the possibility of implementing these methods at engine-building enterprises. It is noted that the existing stamping methods cause shape deviations when the crankshafts are twisted. And when forging large shafts, due to the need to simplify the workp

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Bobrowskii, Alexander V., Oleg I. Drachev, Igor V. Turbin, and Vyacheslav E. Epishkin. "Thermal power treatment of step shafts." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800034.

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This article reviews the design of thermal power units for performing thermal operations of hardening and tempering of non-rigid parts of the “shaft” type. The authors describe the thermal power treatment technology, the residual deformation analysis and the optimal conditions definition. The units operation principles and algorithms are given. The developed technology and the design of the frame for thermal operations make it possible to maintain accuracy throughout the term of the product use.

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12

Labuda, Wojciech, and Robert Starosta. "Estimation of the Influence of Burnishing Parameters on X5CrNi18-10 Steel." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.300.

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Angular momentum pumps are very often applied in ships. Because the pumps are operating in hard conditions they are produced from cavitation wear-proof and electrochemical corrosion-resistant materials. The most common damage of pump shaft is neck wear in place where seals are mounted. Burnishing as modern finish plastic tooling method makes it possible to achieve high technological quality of elements. Due to many burnishing advantages, the method was proposed for treatment of angular momentum pumps shafts instead of finish machining (finish turning, grinding, lapping). The goal was to estima

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13

Marchenko, D. D., and K. S. Matvyeyeva. "Increasing the Wear Resistance of Restored Car Parts by Using Electrospark Coatings." Problems of Tribology 28, no. 1/107 (2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2023-107-1-65-72.

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The work scientifically substantiates the application of effective technology for the restoration of worn car parts by applying new electrospark coatings based on electroerosion nanomaterials. The developed technology is characterized by technological flexibility, cheapness, simplicity, does not require the use of expensive and scarce materials and equipment, and also meets the requirements of environmental safety. The proposed technology can be used to restore a wide range of parts for cars, tractors and other machines. Experimentally established dependences of the effect of the properties of

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14

Świć, Antoni, Łukasz Sobaszek, Arkadiusz Gola, and Natalia Šmidová. "Thermomechanical Treatment of Long Low-Stiffness Shafts." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 10 (2019): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.035.

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15

Ghiban, B., and D. T. Bran. "Heat treatment behavior of alternator shafts steels." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 572 (August 2, 2019): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/572/1/012055.

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16

Magalhães, Narubia Miranda, Lourival Augusto Júnior da Silva, Oliveira Gustavo Antônio da Silva, et al. "Analysis of Mechanical and Micro-Structural Properties of Shaft Tips Manufactured in ABNT 1045 Steel Applied in Transportation Ore Fractured Early." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.386.

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This paper aims is the study of shaft tips applied in ore transportation that are subjected to continuous torsional stresses, and which rupture early. This component consists of an ABNT 1045 steel shaft, where an ABNT 1020 steel flange is welded by the MIG/MAG (GMAW) process, both fixed, in addition to welding, by ABNT 1020 steel latches welded to the flange and shaft. The methodology is based on fracture analysis of the material and application of thermal treatments at different temperatures in order to reduce the incidence of early fracture. The results showed that the thermal treatment at 3

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17

Kam, Menderes, Hamit Saruhan, Ufuk Kabasakaloglu, and Tolga Guney. "Vibration damping capacity of a rotating shaft heat treated by various procedures." Materials Testing 63, no. 10 (2021): 966–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-0026.

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Abstract Many of today’s rotating shaft systems require the superior stability characteristics of a rotating shaft to prevent system instability. Rotating shaft material properties play a crucial role in the vibration behavior of rotating shaft systems. It is important to control vibrations in the systems because excessive vibration amplitudes can cause inefficiency and system failure. The objective of this study is to investigate the vibration damping capacity of a rotating shaft treated by various procedures (deep cryogenic treatment, induction hardening, hot forging, and conventional heat t

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18

Bhat, Yasmeen Jabeen, Faizan Younus Shah, and Abid Keen. "Plica polonica: Trichoscopic findings with a brief literature review." Our Dermatology Online 12, no. 1 (2021): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20211.9.

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Plica polonica is a common but rarely reported acquired condition characterized by sudden onset of irreversible entanglement of the hair. Psychological disturbance is a risk factor for plica formation. Plica polonica was considered a disease of the past caused by poor hygiene and haircare in psychiatric patients. In view of its clinical rarity, we describe the case of a 50-year-old Muslim woman of Kashmiri ethnicity presenting with plica polonica to explain the trichoscopic findings gathered in the process of medical examination. The patient had attempted the treatment of the condition with va

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19

Lesyk, Dmytro, Matej Hruska, Karina Sidun, Oleksandr Dаnylеikо, Dmytro Kyforenko, and Vitaliy Dzhemelinskyi. "SELECTIVE SURFACE HARDENING OF GEAR MECHANISM SHAFT BY ROBOTIC LASER 3D SYSTEM." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI» Series: New solutions in modern technologies, no. 3(13) (October 26, 2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2413-4295.2022.03.04.

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A robot-based laser 3D hardening method is proposed as a finishing operation to increase the wear resistance of the metal end-products. The laser hardening process of the surface layer of the products by changing its structure is one of the most effective methods of selective surface hardening. Thermal hardening of metals and alloys by laser radiation is based on local heating of a surface area under the influence of radiation and subsequent cooling of this surface area at a supercritical speed due to heat removal into the inner layers of the metal. The used robot-based laser 3D system (FANUC

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20

ZHU, XIA, NAGATOSHI OKABE, KAZUKI MORI, and TADASHI IURA. "INFLUENCE OF HEAT-TREATMENT ON WORKABILITY FOR ENLARGING PARTIAL DIAMETER OF CARBON STEEL SHAFT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 25n27 (2006): 4087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979206040908.

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A novel processing method to enlarge a partial diameter in the middle of shaft by means of combining a rotational-bending stress and an axial-compressive stress, can work various kinds of structural carbon steel without temperature-rise above 20K at room temperature. However, it was found that the maximum diameter-enlargement rate D f /D0 without initiating a fatigue damage crack decreased with increase in carbon contents of steel with mixed microstructure of ferrite and pearlite. It is thought that the mixed microstructure causes initiating the fatigue damage crack. In the present research, s

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21

Zhou, Yu Cheng, Shi Zhong Wei, Yu Lin Shi, and Liu Jie Xu. "Production and Grain Refinement of ASTM A668D Steel Heavy Main Shaft for Crusher." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.915.

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The forging of crusher main shaft, with diameter of φ1540mm and weight of 47780Kg, requires 90 tons of steel ingot, and have a higher demand for grain size. In order to meet the demand of ultrasonic examination, some effective measures, including LF refining, VCD treatment and ingot casting in vacuum, were taken in process in smelting and ingot casting. In this paper, two main shafts were manufactured, and two technologies were adopted respectively to control grain size. One was without modification, relying on subsequent heat treatment to refine grain. The other was modification, adding a tra

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22

Slováček, M. "Application of numerical simulation of heat treatment in industry." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120087.

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Heat treatment and especially quenching causes distortion and sometimes cracking of a quenched part. To eliminate these undesired by-effects the whole cycle of heat treatment is simulated by FEM, which makes possible a complete metallurgical, thermal and thermoplastic calculation. The goal of this simulation is to bring the whole cycle of heat treatment to optimum - to reach the lowest level of residual stresses possible at its end and to meet the mechanical qualities required by the customer. A lot of complete numerical simulation of heat treatment were done at the Institute of Applied Mechan

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23

Sunny, Kumar, and Prakash Kumar Om. "Analysis of Nonunion in Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing in Fracture Shaft of Femur." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 6 (2024): 1466–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12743571.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>The femur is essential for the lower extremities to support weight. 10 to 37 femur shaft fractures occur for every 100,000 patients. Femur shaft fractures frequently result from car accidents and falls from heights. The most common option for treating a femur shaft fracture is intramedullary nailing (IMN). <strong>Aim of Study: </strong>This study aim to analyse the fracture non-union in intramedullary interlocking nailing for fracture shaft of femur. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>Prospective clinical studies were carried out in

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24

Vance, J. M., B. T. Murphy, and H. A. Tripp. "Critical Speeds of Turbomachinery: Computer Predictions vs. Experimental Measurements—Part I: The Rotor Mass—Elastic Model." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 109, no. 1 (1987): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269389.

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This is the first part (Part I) of two papers describing results of a research program directed at verifying computer programs used to calculate critical speeds of turbomachinery. This research program was undertaken since questions existed about the accuracy of calculations for the second and higher critical speeds. Part I describes improvements in computer programs and data modeling that resulted from comparing measured and calculated “free-free” natural frequencies of several shafts and rotors. Program modifications to improve accuracy include consideration of the effect of disk/shaft attac

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Mareeva, Anastasia N., and Irina M. Pichugina. "Trichoteiromania in adults." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 96, no. 2 (2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/vdv1127.

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This paper describes two clinical cases of a rare auto-destructive hair pathology trichoteiromania. In the literature a few cases of trichoteiromania are described, it leads to non-cicatricial hair loss as a result of their rubbing and is characterized by splitting and damaging of the hair shaft. The clinical picture features, trichoscopic signs of the disease are presented: foci of baldness in the scalp, hair shafts not more than 1.5 cm long, curved, scaling as a result of scratching the skin. Trichoscopic features: broken hair up to 1,5 сm length, splitting of the distal end of the hai

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26

Konstantas, Ioannis, Janne Paajanen, Juha Salmelainen, and Jukka Yli-Kuivila. "Blominmäki wastewater treatment plant’s sewage tunnels: Challenging connection of a vertical shaft to the existing operating offshore tunnel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (2023): 012127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012127.

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Abstract The sewage tunnels of the Blominmäki Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) consist of approximately 20 kilometers of inlet and discharge tunnels, access tunnels and shafts. The most challenging and technically critical part of this project was the connection of the operating offshore tunnel of the old treatment plant with the Blominmäki discharge route, through a vertical shaft. Lack of information regarding the exact location, the shape and the geological conditions of the existing tunnel called for an accurate excavation design to avoid a potential tunnel collapse and rock blocking or m

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KRUSZKA, Leopold, Andrzej OLAS, and Kamil SOBCZYK . "Determining the technical condition of steel flue gas conduit shafts’ hot-dip galvanisation, illustrated with the example of chimney stacks at the ‘CZAJKA’ sewage treatment plant in Warsaw." Engineering Expert, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/enex.2020.1.1.01.

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The paper focuses on analysing the technical condition of steel flue gas conduit shafts’ hot-dip galvanisation in chimney stacks operating in a corrosive air environment at the ‘Czajka’ sewage treatment plant in Warsaw according to the 2010 actual state. It presents an assessment of the quality of the zinc coating based on facts revealed during an on-site inspection and indicates a cause-and-effect relationship for the discovered defects. An assessment of the quality of steel used for the load bearing shafts was also carried out within the scope of the paper on the basis of samples tested usin

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28

Sheliahin, V. D., V. Yu Khaskin, O. T. Nikulin, A. V. Bernatskyi, and O. V. Siora. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF LASER SURFACE TREATMENT OF HEAVILY LOADED PARTS WHEEL SET CARS." Science and Transport Progress, no. 28 (August 25, 2009): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2009/14154.

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Possibility of application of processes of laser superficial processing for restoration and increase of a resource of operation of shafts and rims of wheels of railway cars is investigated. The influence of critical parametres of process on depth of a zone of laser influence and their interrelation with the structure obtained and hardness is determineed.

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29

Yao, Zhishu, Mingkai Liu, Xiaojian Wang, Bin Tang, and Weipei Xue. "Deflection Mechanism and Treatment Technology of Permanent Derrick of Freeze Sinking on Deep Alluvium." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1362628.

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Aiming at the problems of deflection and operation safety of permanent derrick of freeze sinking shafts, the mechanism analysis of uneven settling of the derrick foundations in frost-thawed soil was conducted. In addition, research on ground stabilization and derrick deviation rectification technologies was also studied in this paper based on the engineering practice of derrick of auxiliary shaft in the Dingji Coal Mine. Firstly, since the soil texture and artificial freeze temperature field are uneven, the bearing capacity and compression modulus of soil mass decrease after freeze thawing, re

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Świć, Antoni, Aleksandr Draczew, and Arkadiusz Gola. "METHOD OF ACHIEVING ACCURACY OF THERMO-MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF LOW-RIGIDITY SHAFTS." Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 10, no. 29 (2016): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12913/22998624/61934.

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Kovalov, Viktor, Olena Berezshnaya, Valeriy Kassov, Yana Vasylchenko, Svetlana Maluhina, and Maksim Berezshniy. "Effect of heat treatment of reconditioned shafts on resistance to crack propagation." Procedia Structural Integrity 59 (2024): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2024.04.110.

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Ferreira, Iago Gonçalves, Alessandra Koehler, Amanda Carvalho Ribeiro, et al. "White piedra of the scalp caused by Trichosporon inkin: a case report with antifungal susceptibility testing and review of the literature." Reviews and Research in Medical Microbiology 34, no. 1 (2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000318.

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We report a case of white piedra of the scalp caused by Trichosporon inkin in a 38-year-old woman living in southern Brazil. Trichoscopic examination revealed whitish nodules involving the hair shafts. Blastoconidia clustered around the hair shaft were visualized by light microscopy with 10% KOH. The isolate was molecularly identified, and its antifungal susceptibility profile was defined following the M27-A3 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), with itraconazole being the most effective antifungal agent, followed by ketoconazole. For treatment, topical medicatio

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HYDE, T. H., A. H. YAGHI, D. W. J. TANNER, et al. "CURRENT CAPABILITIES OF THE THERMO-MECHANICAL MODELLING OF WELDING PROCESSES." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, no. 03n04 (2009): 451–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000207.

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Some fundamental principles and advanced applications of thermo-mechanical modelling techniques used for industrial welding processes are described. The paper covers a range of modelling procedures comprising welding simulation and residual stress analysis of multi-pass, thick-walled ferritic steel pipes; welding simulation and distortion analysis of nickel-based superalloy thin plates; and inertia friction welding of dual alloy drive shafts. A number of pertinent mechanical and metallurgical concepts are discussed, including material behaviour models and material properties, microstructural e

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Gubanov, S. I., K. A. Ovchinnikov, V. A. Olkhovskaya, and G. A. Kovaleva. "Thermal-Gas-Chemical Formation Treatment of High-Viscosity Oil in Well with Dual-Well System." Oil and Gas Technologies 130, no. 5 (2020): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/1815-2600-2020-130-5-41-46.

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The prospect of producing high-viscosity oil based on the thermal-gas-chemical formation treatment of exposure using binary composition in a well with a dual-well system is considered. The theoretical, computational, and experimental justification of the depth of reservoir heating, the distance between the vertical and side shafts, and the parameters of the technological mode of oil rate is given.

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Zhao, Bohao, Jiali Li, Qiuran Chen, et al. "A Treatment Combination of IGF and EGF Promotes Hair Growth in the Angora Rabbit." Genes 12, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010024.

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The hair follicle (HF) growth cycle is a complex, multistep biological process, for which dysfunction affects hair-related diseases in humans and wool production in animals. In this study, a treatment combination of 10 ng/mL insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly increased the elongation length of hair shafts for cultured HFs. The combined treatment of IGF-1 and EGF enhanced the proliferation of HFs and promoted HF growth and development in vitro. In vivo, the combined treatment of IGF-1 and EGF was subcutaneously injected into the dorsal

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Labuda, Wojciech, and Adam Charchalis. "The Analysis of Finishing Tooling Influence on Corrosion Properties of Stainless Steel." Solid State Phenomena 220-221 (January 2015): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.220-221.621.

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Angular momentum pumps are very often applied on-board ships. These pumps are used in cooling circuits of medium and high power engines, power plant boilers and in bilge, ballast and fire installations. Very extensive use of angular momentum pumps on board is linked with their numerous advantages. During operation, the wear of the marine hull, the rotor and the shaft seals takes place. The research attempts to increase the service life of shafts. The article presents the research results referring to the analysis of the influence of finish treatment (turning, grinding and burnishing) on the co

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Holec, Jan, Martin Morávek, and Jiří Cejp. "Detection of Cracks in the Production of Shafts." Key Engineering Materials 647 (May 2015): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.647.243.

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Safe operation of the machinery depends on quality of the individual machine parts. These are controlled by different non-destructive methods not only at the end of the production but also during it. In large quantity series production it is necessary to ensure the fastest control method possible. Shafts may bend during production due to the heat treatment and they need to be straightened by mechanical methods. Shafts straightening may cause cracks formation which is unacceptable from the point of view of the part operation. Therefore crack detection system QASS CiS.01 is used to reveal them o

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Rauf Jamali, Abdul Rauf, Waseem Khan, Ali Dad Chandio, Zubai Anwer, and Muhammad Hayat Jokhio. "Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 Steel." July 2019 38, no. 3 (2019): 755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.18.

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From last epoch till to date, AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been widely used in different engineering applications. These applications include bolt, screws, gears, drive shafts, crane shaft and piston rods for engines due to its upright mechanical properties, cost-effective and easily available in market. In present work, deep cryogenic treatment effect on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been studied. Present work was carried out at laboratory scale and can be extended for mass production. Our work is simple, straight forward safe and economical. In our work, samples w

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Fiehn, Alina, Maximilian Eckl, Julian Kostinek, et al. "Source apportionment of methane emissions from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using isotopic signatures." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 24 (2023): 15749–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-15749-2023.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic emissions are the primary source of the increase in atmospheric methane (CH4) levels. However, estimates of anthropogenic CH4 emissions still show large uncertainties at global and regional scales. Differences in CH4 isotopic source signatures δ13C and δ2H can help to constrain different source contributions (e.g., fossil, waste, agriculture). The Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) represents one of the largest European CH4 emission regions, with more than 500 Gg CH4 yr−1 released from more than 50 coal mine ventilation shafts, landfills, and wastewater treatment plants.

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40

Fedorov, Vladimir, Maksim Nagorkin, Leonid Vayner, and Elena Kovaleva. "DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF TRIBOTECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF SLIDING FRICTION JOINTS DURING RUNNING-IN UNDER STEP STRESS." Transport engineering 2024, no. 8 (2024): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/2782-5957-2024-8-31-43.

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The paper deals with the issues of technological support to provide the load capacity index of cylindrical sliding friction joints during running-in under step stress. The load capacity of sliding friction joints is one of the tribological characteristics, depending on design and technological factors. The results of studying tribotechnical characteristics of cylindrical sliding friction pairs operating under boundary friction conditions are presented. The working surfaces of these triboelements after preliminary finishing (turning with composite 10 or grinding with the periphery of an abrasiv

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41

Yanagisawa, Yusuke, Yasuhiro Kishi, and Katsuhiko Sasaki. "Residual Stress Analysis Considering Phase Transformation and Transformation Plasticity for Heat-Treated Large Size Shaft." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.647.

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The residual stress distributions of the forgings after both water-cooling and air-cooling were measured experimentally. The residual stress occurring during the heat-treatment was also simulated considering the phase transformation and the transformation plasticity. A comparison of the experiments with the simulations showed a good agreement. These results shows that the transformation plastic strain plays an important role in the heat treatment of large forged shafts.

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42

Hunkel, Martin, Franz Hoffmann, and Hans Werner Zoch. "Simulation of the distortion of cylindrical shafts during heat treatment due to segregations." International Journal of Microstructure and Materials Properties 3, no. 1 (2008): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmmp.2008.017550.

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Hunkel, M., and D. Nadolski. "Coupled process simulation of cold extrusion and heat treatment distortion of steel shafts." Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 47, no. 8 (2016): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201600610.

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44

Böhle, S. I., V. Strobl, J. Lechleitner, and R. Schnitzer. "Duplex Heat Treatment of a Precipitation Hardening Carburising Steel." HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 77, no. 3 (2022): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htm-2022-1006.

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Abstract This article reports the microstructural development of a molybdenum and copper alloyed steel by different thermochemical heat treatments for gears and shafts in automotive applications. The case hardening is compared to a duplex heat treatment consisting of carburising, ageing and plasma nitriding. This study evaluates the microstructure, the surface hardness and hardness profiles. For all applied heat treatment routes, the ageing conditions have a minor influence on the case and core hardness compared to the influence of the carbon concentration. Retained austenite fractions decreas

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45

Ambekar, S. D., Sandeep Kadam, and S. A. Sonawane. "Comparative Study of Effect of Cryogenics Heat Treatment and Case Hardening on the Wear Property of 20MnCr5." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.435.

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This research is limited to study of wear resistance of 20MnCr5 (SAE 5120) alloy steel hardened by Carburizing and Cryogenics, which has wide application in industries like gears, shafts, bearings, pins etc. Cryogenics is used as a supplement treatment that is performed after carburizing. The abrasive wear study is performed on pin-on-disc tribotester. The counterface disc was kept same for both the heat treatments (carburizing and cryogenics). Sliding velocity of 0.8 m/s, 1.6 m/s, 2.4 m/s, Sliding Distance of 1200 m, 1400 m, 1600 m and Load of 3 kg, 4 kg and 5 kg were used to evaluate the wea

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46

ABAKUMOVA, S. YU, S. N. OLSHTYNSKY, I. V. LITVINOV, and A. G. MINAEVA. "ANALYTICAL STUDY OF POWER CONTACT OF ROLLING TOOLS WITH FILLET SURFACES OF LARGE SHAFTS DURING THEIR HARDENING TREATMENT." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 3 (298) (March 2025): 7–10. https://doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2025-3-298-7-10.

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The results of a theoretical study on the technological and instrumental support for hardening treatment of fillets of large stepped shafts by rolling them with toroidal rollers are presented. The article examines the conditions of contact interaction and the kinematics of the movement of rolling tools on fillets of different geometric shapes, represented by fragments of second-order surfaces, and the features of the physical processes occurring in the zones of their strain hardening.

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47

Ashish, Kumar, Sumit Kumar Pandey, and Daya Shankar Diwakar. "Analyzing the Failure of a Truck's Rear Axle Shaft Requires a Thorough Investigation to Pinpoint the Root Cause of the Issue." Journal of Automation and Automobile Engineering 9, no. 1 (2024): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joaaen.2024.v09i01.003.

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The analysis of a failed rear axle shaft from a dumper truck involved a comprehensive investigation to ascertain the underlying cause of the failure. Visual inspection, material analysis, mechanical testing, and fracture analysis were conducted to assess the condition of the axle shaft. The axle shaft exhibited signs of fatigue failure, with the fracture surface showing fatigue striations. Microstructural analysis revealed a coarse grain structure with inclusions, indicating potential material defects. Tensile testing showed that the axle shaft had lower-than-expected mechanical properties, su

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Meshkov, Yu Ye, and M. S. Dmitriev. "Improvement of physical and mechanical characteristics of gearbox shafts using the oxycarbonitriding method." Problems of Tribology 30, no. 1/115 (2025): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2025-115-1-23-30.

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The article investigates the issue of promising methods for improving steels by modifying surface layers with the application of protective coatings. Priority areas of scientific research in the field of mechanical engineering have been identified for the development of new methods and technologies for increasing the wear resistance of steel surfaces by applying modified diffusion coatings. It has been shown that the key problem in optimizing the processes of saturation of metals and alloys with one element is cementation, nitriding, alitization, chromium plating, etc. Saturation with two or m

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Budiarto, Untung, Hartono Yudo, Difa Adani, Andi Haris Muhammad, and Muhammad Iqbal. "Strength Analysis of ST 41 Steel as Propeller Shaft with Quenching Heat Treatment and Tempering after Carburizing Carbon Media Variations." Key Engineering Materials 948 (June 6, 2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-2111ve.

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ST 41 steel is a low carbon steel which can be used for propeller shafts because it is categorized as a carbon steel permitted by BKI with a tensile strength requirement of 400 to 800 N/mm2. The propeller shaft deteriorates due to its surface frequently rubbing against the bearings. Carburizing is a technique used to increase the surface hardness by heating the specimen in a closed container containing mixture of carbon and a catalyst. The main objective of the subsequent quenching and tempering processes is to increase toughness and ductility while eliminating residual stresses. The achieved

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Dyl, Tomasz Cyryl. "The Effect of Parameters and Geometry Cutting Edge After Turning of the Duplex Cast Steel on the Maximum Tool Flank Wear." Journal of KONES 26, no. 2 (2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0029.

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Abstract It is important to shape the required properties of the surface layer in the technological process. This issue is an important problem due to the ability of the kinematic pair elements to the required reliable operation of machine parts. The latest generation devices work with increasing operational loads. This forces the search forever-newer construction materials or innovative manufacturing engineering technologies that would ensure high reliability and durability of machine components. For mechanical engineering, continue to be used on steel structures of machine parts. In the petr

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