Bibliographies: 'Treaty of Nerchinsk, 1689'

1

Ivanov, Andrey. "Conflicting Loyalties: Fugitives and “Traitors” in the Russo-Manchurian Frontier, 1651-1689." Journal of Early Modern History 13, no. 5 (2009): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138537809x12528970165145.

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AbstractFor many contemporary historians, the 1689 Treaty of Nerchinsk was not only the first diplomatic treaty between China and a European power, but also an example of a peaceful boundary settlement, which ended the protracted conflict between the two expanding empires. Yet despite modern emphasis on territorial demarcation, clarity of border signs hardly dominated this seventeenth century conflict in the Far East. In fact, careful examination of the published Russian archival record of Muscovite-Qing diplomatic correspondence reveals that competition for tributary allegiances of indigenous and settler populations proved to be a much greater source of tension between the two empires. Ultimately, the mercurial loyalties of local Tungus and Mongol tribes as well the cross-nation desertions of Cossacks, military commanders and Ming loyalists drove both Qing and Muscovite officials to stabilize their shared frontiers through negotiation.

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2

Jaskov, Helena. "The Negotiated Geography of the Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689) and the Role of the Jesuits." Late Imperial China 40, no. 2 (2019): 45–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/late.2019.0007.

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3

YU, Jingdong. "The Concept of “Territory” in Modern China: 1689-1910." Cultura 15, no. 2 (2018): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul.2018.02.05.

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Abstract There are two frequent misunderstandings in the scholarship on modern China’s territorial transformation. First, the concept of lingtu (“territory”) is often seen as only developing after the 1911 Revolution, in opposition to the earlier concept of jiangyu diguo (“imperial frontier”). Second, jiangyu and lingtu are often confused and seen as basically the same concept at different historical stages. This essay takes the translation and dissemination of “territory” before the 1911 Revolution as a starting point to examine how the basic concept of lingtu developed from a translated term to describe spatial relations into an important semantic resource of a political movement. On one hand, in the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Nerchinsk and in the modern treaty system, the translation of “territory” formed a new conceptual space, centred on lingtu, which differed from the idea of the (imperial) “frontier” (jiangyu). The turn from jiangyu to lingtu was not a complete one; rather, part of the old concept was integrated into the new framework. On the other hand, the concept of lingtu also provided a semantic battlefield, and the battle was already opened before the revolution: the earlier ideas, diplomatic relations and national narrative already formed the basic concepts dominating discourses after the revolution.

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4

Bagrin, Е. А. "SELENGINSK GARRISON AND CAVALRY FOUNDATION IN 1690–1693." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 7 (73), no. 2 (2021): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2021-7-2-20-38.

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The article examines the issues related to Selenginsk garrison in the 90s XVII century. This period in Dauria is associated with the military reforms of F.A. Golovin after the conclusion of the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689. The garrisons of Trans–Baikal forts had a number of problems that had to be solved. Selenginsk warriors got salaries like foot Cossacks, but in fact they performed equestrian services without receiving money from the state for horse service. This circumstance led them to impoverishment and discontent. Selenginsk warriors asked to increase the garrison and pay them higher salaries as for horse Cossacks. F. Golovin granted their request partially – he transferred only one third of people to the equestrian service. Udinsk warriors or «temporary workers» were transferred to Selenginsk for strengthening the military contingent of the fortress. The consequences of this decision indirectly led to a military revolt in 1696. The article compares the personnel of Selenginsk garrison in 1683 and 1693. There is Information about the military services of warriors: D. Mnogogreshny, L. Uvarov (Fedorov), A. Berezovsky, S. Kazants, I. Novikov, S. Krasnoyar and others. The experience of cavalry foundation in the Selenginsk fortress were used by F. Golovin to reform Irkutsk garrison.

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5

Kirillova, Sesegma V., and Vyacheslav V. Shevtsov. "Nerchinsk - Beijing: 121 Russian trade caravans in 1689-1703." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 435 (October 1, 2018): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/435/15.

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6

Багрин, Е. А. "ГАРНИЗОН АЛБАЗИНСКОЙ КРЕПОСТИ В 1687–1689 гг." Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке 53, № 3 (2020): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1997-2857/2020-3/93-105.

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В статье рассматривается формирование гарнизона Албазинской крепости в 1687–1689 гг. Возможность защиты Албазина была важным обстоятельством, влиявшим на установление первой официальной границы между Россией и Китаем. Высшее военное руководство в лице посла Ф.А. Головина стремилось к увеличению гарнизона крепости за счет сил, расположенных в Нерчинске, не ослабляя «посольское войско», прибывшее в Даурию из Москвы и Сибири. Однако воевода И.Е. Власов посылал из Нерчинска в Албазин минимальные силы. Уничтожение маньчжурами урожая хлеба в Албазинском уезде в 1688 и 1689 гг. сделало невозможным потенциальное увеличение числа защитников Албазина. Таким образом, русский военный контингент, расположенный в Даурии, не был готов вести войну с Цинской империей в Приамурье. В статье также рассмотрены события, влиявшие на жизнь албазинского гарнизона, и приведены имена значительной части людей, защищавших крепость в 1687–1689 гг. Ключевые слова: Албазин, Даурия, Приамурье, казаки, гарнизон The article examines the organization of the garrison in the Albazin fortress in 1687– 1689. The possibility of protecting the fortress was was an important circumstance that had an impact on the establishment of the first official border between Russia and China. Ambassador F.A. Golovin, representing the higher military leadership, sought to increase the garrison of the fortress at the expense of the forces located in Nerchinsk, without weakening the «ambassador’s regiment» that arrived in Dauria from Moscow and Siberia. However, the voivode I.E. Vlasov had sent minimal forces from Nerchinsk to Albazin. The destruction of grain crops in the Albazin district by the Manchus in 1688 and 1689 made the potential increase in the number of fortress defenders impossible. Thus, the Russian military troops located in Dauria were not ready to wage war for Amur region with Qing Empire. The article also examines the events that influenced the life of the Albazin garrison and lists the names of a significant part of the people who defended the fortress in 1687–1689. Keywords: Albazin fortress, Dauria, Priamurye, Cossacks, garrison

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7

Багрин, Е. А. "ГАРНИЗОН АЛБАЗИНСКОЙ КРЕПОСТИ В 1687–1689 гг." Гуманитарные исследования в Восточной Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке 53, № 3 (2020): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/1997-2857/2020-3/93-105.

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В статье рассматривается формирование гарнизона Албазинской крепости в 1687–1689 гг. Возможность защиты Албазина была важным обстоятельством, влиявшим на установление первой официальной границы между Россией и Китаем. Высшее военное руководство в лице посла Ф.А. Головина стремилось к увеличению гарнизона крепости за счет сил, расположенных в Нерчинске, не ослабляя «посольское войско», прибывшее в Даурию из Москвы и Сибири. Однако воевода И.Е. Власов посылал из Нерчинска в Албазин минимальные силы. Уничтожение маньчжурами урожая хлеба в Албазинском уезде в 1688 и 1689 гг. сделало невозможным потенциальное увеличение числа защитников Албазина. Таким образом, русский военный контингент, расположенный в Даурии, не был готов вести войну с Цинской империей в Приамурье. В статье также рассмотрены события, влиявшие на жизнь албазинского гарнизона, и приведены имена значительной части людей, защищавших крепость в 1687–1689 гг. Ключевые слова: Албазин, Даурия, Приамурье, казаки, гарнизон The article examines the organization of the garrison in the Albazin fortress in 1687– 1689. The possibility of protecting the fortress was was an important circumstance that had an impact on the establishment of the first official border between Russia and China. Ambassador F.A. Golovin, representing the higher military leadership, sought to increase the garrison of the fortress at the expense of the forces located in Nerchinsk, without weakening the «ambassador’s regiment» that arrived in Dauria from Moscow and Siberia. However, the voivode I.E. Vlasov had sent minimal forces from Nerchinsk to Albazin. The destruction of grain crops in the Albazin district by the Manchus in 1688 and 1689 made the potential increase in the number of fortress defenders impossible. Thus, the Russian military troops located in Dauria were not ready to wage war for Amur region with Qing Empire. The article also examines the events that influenced the life of the Albazin garrison and lists the names of a significant part of the people who defended the fortress in 1687–1689. Keywords: Albazin fortress, Dauria, Priamurye, Cossacks, garrison

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8

Pulsipher, Jenny Hale. "“Dark Cloud Rising from the East”: Indian Sovereignty and the Coming of King William's War in New England." New England Quarterly 80, no. 4 (2007): 588–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2007.80.4.588.

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King William's War (1689–97) has long been overshadowed by the wars bracketing it, but it was pivotal to English-Indian relations. As the English violated the treaty promises concluding King Philip's War and ignored Indian sovereignty, Indians turned to the French, establishing an alliance that would characterize the French and Indian Wars to come.

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9

Marco Colino, Sandra. "What Role for EU Competition Law in Regulated Industries? Reflections on the Judgment of the General Court of 17 December 2015 Orange Polska v European Commission (Case T-486/11)." Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 9, no. 14 (2016): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2016.9.14.13.

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On 17th December 2015, the General Court of the European Union (GC) confirmed a fine of over EUR 127 million imposed by the European Commission (hereinafter the Commission) on the Polish telecommunications company Orange Polska (hereinafter OP), formerly known as Telekomunikacja Polska. According to the fining decision, issued in 2011 (hereinafter the Commission decision), OP abused its dominant position by refusing access to its wholesale broadband services to new entrants, acting in contravention of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).

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10

Bagrin, E. A. "SIBERIAN WARRIORS’ PETITIONS AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE OF F. GOLOVIN REGIMENTS CAMPAIGN TO DAURIA (1686–1689)." Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Historical science 6 (72), no. 4 (2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1741-2020-6-4-14-23.

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The article examines unpublished petitions of Siberian warriors who participated campaign of Ambassador F. A. Golovin to Dauria in 1686–1689. The campaign ended with the signing of the first treaty between Russia and China concerning the border. Petitions contains requests of warriors to return them home, warriors’ merits and deprivations. These documents allow to compare the information of original participants of campaign with the data reflected in the chancellery of the embassy. This comparison not only confirmed the reliability of the description of campaign to Dauria in the sources, but also made it possible to reveal some facts not mentioned in the embassy documents. These petitions describe the common interests and needs of warriors of various categories from different towns of Siberia. In some cases, the petitioners embellish or conceal some facts. These documents emphasize most clearly the emergency situation with provision of food and material needs of warriors as a result of hardships during transitions and military operations.

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