Relevant bibliographies by topics / Treaty of Troyes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Treaty of Troyes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Treaty of Troyes"

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Barone, Victoria A. "THE TREATY OF TROYES AS PRESENTED BY AUTHORS OF THE FRENCH PROPAGANDA LITERATURE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 15TH CENTURY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series History. Philology. Cultural Studies. Oriental Studies, no. 10 (2017): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2017-10-64-73.

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Wang, I.-Chun. "Geopolitics and Contesting Identities in Shakespeare’s The First Part of Henry VI." Interlitteraria 24, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.1.5.

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Histories always deal with the construction of cities, announcements of new eras, and strategies of reformations; human history also shows that the bitter human experience of struggles, disputes and wars involve shifting identities or rivalries over territories. Among Shakespeare’s war plays, The First Part of Henry VI is one of the most significant representations of the war between France and England; the play refers to the Treaty of Troyes, an Anglo- French Treaty in 1420, which recognizes Henry V as heir to the French throne, resulting in internal divisions and tremendous chaos in France. This play by Shakespeare refers to the intrigue, spatial contest, politics of kingship and spatial struggle between England and France. Calais had been an enclave of England in France before Henry V succeeded to the throne; securing Calais, Henry V, the warrior king of England, attempted to build up another enclave at Harfleur. With the Anglo-Burgundian alliance, the Dauphin Charles, and Joan of Arc faced two enemies, England and the Dukedom of Burgundy. England and Burgundy had been allies against France in the Hundred Years’ War since 1415. Burgundy, because of its geographical location, is to play the key role in the tug of war between the two forces. Geopolitics and contesting identities are two intertwining motifs in the First Part of Henry VI. Shakespeare portrays the conquest of France by England and represents diplomatic relations and shifting identities through geography and spatial politics as related to nationhood. This paper by examining the conflicts between France and England, will discuss geopolitics and contesting identities, the territorial disputes as well as spatial politics in an era when boundary politics was in flux.
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Nuzhdin, Oleg I. "How Can Money Conquer France? On the Question about the Monetary Policy of King Henry V in 1415–1422." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, no. 4 (202) (2020): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.065.

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This article studies the peculiarities of the monetary policy of English king Henry V in the territories of the Kingdom of France occupied by him between 1415 and 1422. The purpose of the study is to establish its influence on the state of finance in France and, first of all, on the sharp depreciation of silver money following the defeat. Within the framework of English politics, two stages can be clearly traced: the first one lasted from 1415 to 1420, when monetary policy was indirect in nature, influencing the French economy by the fact of conquest and becoming an additional factor in the aggravation of the domestic political struggle, and the other one lasted from 1420 to 1422 and was connected with the intention of Henry V as regent of the Kingdom of France, to bring the financial system into relative order. The author refers to French and English chronicles, The Diary of a Parisian Citizen, as well as the ordinances of the kings of France, which reflected the peculiarities of the monetary policy, more particularly, changes in the exchange rate and weight of silver coins and attempts to carry out reforms. The study carried out makes it possible to find out that the depreciation of the French silver coin was associated with the beginning of the British conquest of Normandy and the transfer of mints located there. A sharp drop in the money rate occurred after the transfer of Paris into the hands of the Burgundians and the formation in the fall of 1418 of an independent financial administration in the south of France under the control of the dauphin. On the contrary, some stabilisation followed the conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes, and the General States adopted a course towards reforms in December 1420. The author determines the stages of the reform and the reasons for its delay. These include: the lack of control over all the mints of the kingdom, the lack of coin metal and the required number of qualified personnel. Finally, the premature death of Henry V in the summer of 1422 did not allow the completion of the monetary reform.
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Brady, Anne-Marie. "“Treat Insiders and Outsiders Differently”: The Use and Control of Foreigners in the PRC." China Quarterly 164 (December 2000): 943–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100001924x.

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Nei waiyou bie, neijin wai song“treat insiders and outsiders differently,” “be strict internally, relaxed to the outside world,” so goes the Chinese authorities' line on managing foreigners. For historical and nationalistic reasons, foreigners occupy an extremely sensitive position in China today. To the outside world China's leaders talk of “friendship” (youhao guanxi) and celebrate “foreign friends” (waiguo pengyou). But in their internal documents these catch-phrases are simply the tropes of a deliberate strategy to control and manage foreigners' presence and activities in China.
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Mackenzie, Adrian. "The Problem of the Attractor." Theory, Culture & Society 22, no. 5 (October 2005): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276405057190.

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Contemporary complexity sciences claim a literal, non-metaphorical applicability to physical, economic, social and cultural events. They envision the development of a general social or historical physics. Conversely, in the social sciences and humanities, complexity sciences have been typically treated as a source of new metaphors or tropes to be used in theory-building. Can there be a critical social or historical physics that is not a world-view and that does not treat science as a source of metaphors? The Lorenz attractor figures centrally in the history of complexity science as a popular image of ‘deterministic chaos’ and the ‘butterfly effect’, as an indication of how far complexity science has progressed in the last two decades, and, as this article argues, as an event whose multiplicity of interpretations attests to the problem it raises, the problem of generality associated with complexity. Via the Lorenz attractor, the article examines three attempts to treat complexity non-metaphorically in recent theoretical work (Delanda; Massumi; Stengers). In these accounts, the attractor performs several different functions. It forms part of a re-engineered concept of multiplicity, it helps conceptualize feeling or sensitivity, and it raises the general problem of practice in theory-building.
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Rand, Harry. "What was the Trojan Horse?" Vulcan 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-00301001.

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Few now believe the myth that Troy’s defenders succumbed to a booby-trapped wooden horse, which assumes both incredible Trojan stupidity and unlikely Greek confidence in their opponent’s witlessness. Indeed, Homer—who treated both Greeks and Trojans with dignity—barely mentions such a horse; the story of Troy’s downfall by the ruse of a great wooden horse derives from Quintus of Smyrna’s epic in fourteen books, part of the “Posthomerica.” Yet hints of the Great Horse were secreted in the Illiad and a slighted passage indicates that Homer’s listeners understood exactly what he was talking about. Subsequent misunderstanding arose when Homer’s exquisitely concise literary allusion was overlooked. Modern scholars trust that a siege machine, specifically some sort of battering ram, rumbled up to the walls of Troy. We can identify Homer’s own allusion to the horse, its probable function, its builder, and the origins of associating the horse with Poseidon.
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Walenda, C., A. Kouakoussui, F. Rouet, L. Wemin, M. F. Anaky, and P. Msellati. "Morbidity in HIV-1-Infected Children Treated or Not Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, 2000-04." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 55, no. 3 (December 9, 2008): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmn106.

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VAN RIJ, INGE. "Back to (the music of) the future: Aesthetics of technology in Berlioz's Euphonia and Damnation de Faust." Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (November 2010): 257–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586711000255.

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AbstractIn his final years, Berlioz's name became entangled in debates around Wagnerian ‘music of the future’; but Berlioz was also engaged with conceptions of the future in a much more literal sense throughout his life. An examination of texts such as Euphonia which treat futuristic settings helps us to identify three main technological tropes by which the future is characterised in Berlioz's writings: the industrialisation of space and time; the discourse of gender; and fears around agency. Applying these tropes to the contemporaneous La damnation de Faust enables a new reading of genre in Berlioz's ‘légende dramatique’, which is revealed to dramatise the dialectic of technology and gender on a meta-diegetic level. Performances of La damnation de Faust that stage it as opera or as Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk may blind us to the innovative aspects of the work, for these aspects are most visible when it is the orchestral ‘machine’ that is placed literally centre stage. This new reading of La damnation de Faust through the lens of Euphonia helps us to resituate Berlioz as a musician of the future in a manner that provides an alternative to the more familiar Wagnerian aesthetics.
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Shi, X., Y. Sun, and R. Qiang. "Undiagnosed congenital hypothyroidism in a newborn treated with dopamine infusion." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 61, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmv007.

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Merchant, R. "Brief report. Nursery outbreak of neonatal fungal arthritis treated with fluconazole." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 43, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/43.2.106.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Treaty of Troyes"

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Prošvicová, Lenka. "Legitimita královské moci. Edward IV. a Karel VII. Nezpochybnitelní a právoplatní králové?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436547.

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This diploma thesis is exploring the topic of legitimacy and legality of the royal power in the late English and French Middle Ages. Specifically, it answers the question whether Edward IV and Charles VII were legitimate kings for their respective subjects, based on analysis and comparison of selected contemporaneous English and French sources. This thesis presents different points of view on the royal power and the royal office according to the medieval authors. It describes the often ambiguous and contradictory opinions on this issue as well as provides a deeper look at the traditions and customs surrounding it. This analysis is presented against the historical backdrop of prolonged armed conflicts and political changes in both kingdoms. The differences between the legal and political situation of Charles VII and Edward IV suggest a wide range of possible interpretations. This thesis, based on the critical analysis and comparison of the relevant historical sources, advocates the view supporting the legitimacy of both kings, based on their respective genealogical and legal claims as well as on the support granted by their subjects. Keywords: Charles VII, Edward IV, royal power, legitimacy, treaty of Troyes, Wars of the Roses, Hundred years war
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Lemieux, François. "L'application du traité de Troyes, 21 mai 1420 : au-delà de l'échec, dix années de tentatives et d'efforts au royaume de France." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19101.

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Les termes du traité de paix entre Charles VI et Henri V qui est ratifié par les deux souverains à Troyes en mai 1420 sont plutôt clairs et paraissent aisément applicables : l’unique héritier de Charles VI, le dauphin Charles, est déshérité; Henri V, par le mariage qui l’unit à la fille du roi de France, Catherine, devient le nouveau successeur légitime de Charles VI et, lorsque celui-ci mourra, règnera sur le France et l’Angleterre sans toutefois unir les deux royaumes; le traité scelle aussi l’alliance entre la Bourgogne, l’Angleterre et la moitié nord de la France dans la guerre contre le parti armagnac que dirigie le dauphin Charles et qui contrôle la moitie sud, le royaume de Bourges. Toutefois, lorsque la cérémonie de la cathédrale Saint-Pierre-et-Saint-Paul de Troyes se termine, la théorie du document se heurte à une réalité bien différente. Alors que le traité prévoit une adhésion totale de la moitié nord de la France à la paix et la disparition politique du parti armagnac du dauphin Charles, c’est tout le contraire qui se produit : des mouvements d’opposition ou de résistance au traité et à l’autorité qu’il confère à Henri V comme héritier et régent de France surgissent de toute part et le parti du dauphin, bien loin de disparaître, tient tête à la « coalition » anglo-franco-bourguignonne. À tout cela vient s’ajouter le décès prématuré, en août 1422, d’Henri V qui, lorsque Charles VI le suit dans la tombe en octobre de la même année, laisse les royaumes de France et d’Angleterre entre les mains d’un roi qui n’a pas encore un an. Tous ces faits semblent bien signifier l’échec de la paix et les responsables chargés de l’appliquer en sont tout à fait conscients. Il n’en demeure pas moins que la décennie qui suit la ratification du traité, malgré tout ce qui s’y oppose, est le théâtre d’une véritable tentative d’application de la paix de Troyes ou, du moins, des articles et des éléments de celui-ci que l’ont peut réellement mettre en pratique.
The terms of the peace ratified by Charles VI and Henry V in Troyes in May 1420 are pretty clear and seem easy to apply : the dauphin Charles, sole heir of king Charles VI, is disinheritaded; Henry V, by wedding the daughter of the king of France, Catherine, becomes the new legitimate heir of Charles VI and, when the latter is to die, will reign over France and England without, however, unifying the two kingdoms; the treaty of Troyes also seals the alliance between Burgundy, England and the northern half of France in the war against the armagnac party of the dauphin Charles which controls the southern part of France, the kingdom of Bourges. Yet, when the peace ceremony of the cathedral of Saint Peter and Saint Paul of Troyes is over, the theory of the treaty comes up against a completely different reality. While the treaty plans a total adherence to the peace from the northern half of France and the politic death of the armagnac party and of the dauphin Charles, what occurs is quite the opposite : aresistance movements to the treaty itself and to the authority that it gives to Henry V as heir and regent of France arise from everywhere and the dauphin’s party, far from disapearing, holds fast against the « coalition » formed by England, France and Burgundy. Last but not least comes the untimely death of Henry V in August 1422 wich, once Charles VI follows him in death in the following October, leaves the kingdoms of Fance and England in the hands of a less than one year hold baby-king. All those facts seem to imply a quick failure of the peace and the people in charge of applying it know it too well. Nevertheless, the ten years following the ratification of the treaty and despite every difficulties against it are the withnesses to a genuine attempt to properly apply the peace of Troyes or, at least, of some of its clauses and elements that really can be putted into practice.
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Books on the topic "Treaty of Troyes"

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Dale, Wilson. Treat 'em rough: The birth of American armor, 1917-20. Novato, CA: Presidio, 1989.

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Schnaubelt, Christopher M. Counterinsurgency: The challenge for NATO strategy and operations. Rome: NATO Defense College, 2009.

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Zaloga, Steve. Soviet bloc elite forces. Oxford: Osprey Pub., 2005.

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Ussery, Easton H. War in Afghanistan: Strategy, military operations, and congressional issues. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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de, Grand'maison Sébastien, ed. La loutre blanche: Roman. Saint-Lambert, Québec: Soulières, 1997.

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War by land, sea, and air: Dwight Eisenhower and the concept of unified command. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.

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Scott, Tom. The Swiss or Swabian War of 1499. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0007.

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The Swiss (or Swabian) War had its origins beyond Swabia itself, in conflicts between Austrian Tirol and the Rhaetian Leagues; Emperor Maximilian’s plans to invade Italy, however, drew in the Swabian League, which in early 1499 mustered troops to defend its own region from attack or plunder. Imperial troops were sent from the Netherlands, with the result that three separate theatres of war developed: in Vorarlberg, on the Hochrhein, and on the Upper Rhine/Alsace. A series of skirmishes quickly brought hostilities to an end in a ‘war’ which was essentially accidental and avoidable. Much of the fighting consisted of raiding and plundering. By the Treaty of Basel (October 1499) the status quo ante enshrined in the Perpetual Accord was restored; the city of Basel, however, was admitted as a full member to the Confederation.
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Zaloga, Steve. Soviet Bloc Elite Forces. Osprey Publishing, 1985.

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William A, Schabas. Part 9 International Cooperation and Judicial Assistance: Coopération Internationale Et Assistance Judiciaire, Art.98 Cooperation with respect to waiver of immunity and consent to surrender/Coopération en relation avec la renonciation à l’immunité et le consentement à la remise. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0103.

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This chapter comments on Article 98 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 98 emerged in the context of the debate on grounds to refuse surrender and assistance. The Rome Statute has the potential to conflict with other obligations of States under international law, whether pursuant to customary international law or treaty. In particular, they are required to respect the immunities of diplomats and international officials. States that allow military activity by foreign troops on their territory often have agreements, known as ‘status of forces agreements’ (SOFAs). Article 98 governs these conflicts by, in effect, making obligations of arrest and surrender under the Statute subordinate to other legal norms.
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Scott, Tom. War or Peace? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198725275.003.0023.

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In 1530 Duke Charles launched a fresh attack on Geneva, whereupon both Fribourg and Bern sent troops, which alarmed the other cantons. Peace negotiations led to Treaty of St-Julien in October and Deed of Arbitration at Payerne (December). Though brokered by all the cantons (except Glarus) in reality these treaties achieved little, though the vidomat was restored to Savoy, and Geneva’s Burgrecht acknowledged. Yet any failure by Savoy to abide by their terms would entail the Vaud being surrendered to Bern and Fribourg. For its part, Geneva insisted on its status as an imperial city, not beholden to Savoy. Savoy was ordered to pay considerable reparations, on which it repeatedly defaulted. Bern was angry at Geneva for failing to reimburse its war costs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Treaty of Troyes"

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Williams, Phil. "The North Atlantic Treaty, Military Assistance and the Troops to Europe Decision." In The Senate and US Troops in Europe, 11–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06430-4_2.

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Meron, Theodor. "Heralds, Ambassadors, and the Treaty of Troyes." In Henry's Wars and Shakespeare's LawsPerspectives on the Law of War in the Later Middle Ages, 172–90. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198258117.003.0010.

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"4 Envisioning the Body Politic before and after the Treaty of Troyes." In Allegorical Bodies, 125–66. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442690066-006.

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"Two Kingdoms, One King: The Treaty of Troyes (1420) and the Creation of a Double Monarchy of England and France." In 'The Contending Kingdoms', 35–54. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315240541-9.

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Li, Xiaobing. "Conclusion." In Building Ho's Army, 178–89. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813177946.003.0009.

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The conclusion points out that to maintain maximum support, North Vietnam remained neutral in the Sino-Soviet rivalry. This triangular relationship changed after Ho died in 1969. Hanoi began moving closer to Moscow in 1970–1972, and the traditional alliance between China and North Vietnam established in 1950 fell apart. After the Paris Peace Treaty was signed in January 1973 and American troops withdrew, the Chinese Navy attacked the South Vietnamese Navy around the Paracel and Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. When the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam claimed the islands, but Chinese troops stayed, and China remained in control in the South China Sea. Unresolved issues led to hostility and crises between China and Vietnam, and Beijing invaded Vietnam in 1979. The best Communist friends had become the worst enemies in fewer than ten years.
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Wei, Shuge. "Beyond the Front Line." In News Under Fire. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390618.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 examines China and Japan’s confrontation in the English-language press during the Jinan Incident in May 1928. Japan’s swift, consistent and intensive reporting about the event drowned out China’s voice in both the treaty-port and metropolitan papers. But what contributed to Japan’s victory of the propaganda battle was not only its sophisticated news network, but also the favorable context of international public opinion. Japanese-controlled media portrayed Chinese troops as looters, and established Japan as a defender of imperial interests in China. The Nationalist government’s propaganda efforts, in contrast, were hindered by factional struggles among the top leaders, and the anti-foreign tradition of the Nationalist Party.
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Howard-Johnston, James. "Opening of the Battle for Survival." In The Last Great War of Antiquity, 191–213. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830191.003.0007.

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In this chapter the spotlight is on Heraclius who trained his troops in Bithynia before leading them against a Persian army in northern Asia Minor (622). He was forced to break off the campaign in midsummer after a minor success because of news from the west. It is not known whether the Avars were inspired directly by the Persians, but they had taken up arms and laid siege to Thessalonica, already under pressure from their Slav subjects. They had to be bought off that year, and, again, at huge cost (an annual tribute of 200,000 solidi), in 623 after a failed attempt to capture Heraclius when he was lured from Constantinople on the pretext of signing a peace treaty. The Persians continued to push forward by land and sea in 623.
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Rutherford, Ian. "Anatolian–Greek Religious Interaction in the LBA." In Hittite Texts and Greek Religion, 98–119. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199593279.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 looks at contact between the Hittites and Mycenaean Greece and between states of W. Anatolia (e.g. Arzawa) and Mycenaean Greeece in the Late Bronze Age. Evidence for this is limited but significant, e.g. a Hittite text which mentions the presence of gods of Mycenaean greece/Ahhiyawa and Lazpa/Lesbos at the Hittite court, and a treaty between the Hittites and the state of Wilusa (Troy?) which seems to ention a deity Apaliuna, i.e. Apollo. I argue that religious ideas might have moved in either direction as the result of political alliances and diplomatic exchanges, and perhaps participation in common sanctuaries.
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Wilcox, Vanda. "Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean After the War." In The Italian Empire and the Great War, 213–40. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822943.003.0011.

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Italy joined the Allies in sending troops to occupy the defeated Ottoman Empire; a detachment went to Constantinople while a larger Expeditionary Force, commanded from the Dodecanese islands, moved into Antalya and the surrounding region where Italy hoped to create a lasting Eastern Mediterranean sphere of influence or even perhaps a League of Nations Mandate. Ultimately, the Treaty of Sèvres was a disappointment, offering no guarantees in Asia Minor; since Italy was both unwilling and unable to fight against Atatürk’s forces to secure its goals in Turkey, it was forced to withdraw altogether by 1923, though it kept hold of the Dodecanese. In Libya, having lost functional control of the interior, Italy had few options but to concede considerable power to Sanussiya brotherhood and others. It also granted local constitutions in 1919, creating a new form of colonial citizenship there. Far from expanding it, the war had left Italy’s empire weakened.
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Monmonier, Mark. "‘Change-of-State’ in the History of Cartography." In Motion in Maps, Maps in Motion. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721103_ch07.

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Five static graphic strategies support the transition from one spatial pattern to another. Chess maps, as a telling sequence of instantaneous views, use a common geographic framework to narrate a geographic story. By contrast, rate-of-change maps use numerical measurements to describe spatial variation in the rapidity or slowness of change. A third type, the dance map, mimics the step-by-step footwork of rehearsed choreography, analogous to the movements of troops, materiel, and intelligence in a military campaign (A highly focused dance map, the centrographic map, treats a spatial-temporal narrative as a statistical summary.) Additional strategies include flow maps and frontal maps, a military/meteorological analog. Dynamic cartography and the interactive manipulation of history maps afford new insights as well as alternative interpretations.
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Conference papers on the topic "Treaty of Troyes"

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Nievelstein, P. F. E. M., J. D. Banga, M. Ottenhof-Rovers, J. J. Zwaginga, P. G. de Groot, and J. J. Sixma. "ADHESION OF BLOOD PLATELETS FROM PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE I, TO THE ENDOTHELIAL CELL MATRIX OF HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, UNDER FLOW CONDITIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643105.

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Abstract:
Platelet activation in diabetes mellitus may precede vasculopathy. We have studied platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in flowing blood of diabetic patients without macro-and microvascular complications. Platelet function and release, bleeding time, fibrinogen, FVIII:RAg, Ri:Co, Triglycerides, Cholesterol and HDL Cholesterol levels, Apo A, Apo B and TK values were in the normal range. Glucose levels and HBA1 were increased. The matrix of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECM) was used for adhesion studies.In an adhesion model with citrated blood (3.1%) and an untreated ECM, three male and three female diabetics (mean age 29.6 y., range 20-32 y., average duration of diabetes 10.6 y., range 2-23 y.) were compared with six age and sex-matched corf-trols. No differences in platelet coverage (en face) was obtained at low (300 s™1 ) and high (1300 s™1 ) wall shear rates, and the time dependence (1-20 min) was the same.We also used a thrombosis model, consisting of the matrix of PMA-treated endothelial cells which induces tissue factor production, perfused with blood anticoagulated with low molecular weight heparin, which does not inhibit local thrombus formation. Four male and two female patients (mean age 25.4 y., range 22-40 y., average duration of diabetes 10 y., range 2-28 y.) were compared with six age and sex matched controls. Cross sections showed equal total adhesion at 300 s™1 and 1300 s™1 after 1, 3, 5 or 10 minutes perfusion. In the diabetics, spread platelets were significantly decreased at 300 s™1 after 1 and 3 min, and at 1300 s™1 after 5 min; small aggregates (< 5μM) were increased after 1 min at 300 s™1 . At 300 s™1 some patients (2 of 6) showed a faster and more extensive fibrin formation.We conclude that _ in this group of diabetics there is no difference in primary adhesion but that there is an enhanced tendency in thrombus formation and fibrin deposition.
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