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Barone, Victoria A. "THE TREATY OF TROYES AS PRESENTED BY AUTHORS OF THE FRENCH PROPAGANDA LITERATURE OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 15TH CENTURY." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series History. Philology. Cultural Studies. Oriental Studies, no. 10 (2017): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6355-2017-10-64-73.
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Wang, I.-Chun. "Geopolitics and Contesting Identities in Shakespeare’s The First Part of Henry VI." Interlitteraria 24, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.1.5.
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Histories always deal with the construction of cities, announcements of new eras, and strategies of reformations; human history also shows that the bitter human experience of struggles, disputes and wars involve shifting identities or rivalries over territories. Among Shakespeare’s war plays, The First Part of Henry VI is one of the most significant representations of the war between France and England; the play refers to the Treaty of Troyes, an Anglo- French Treaty in 1420, which recognizes Henry V as heir to the French throne, resulting in internal divisions and tremendous chaos in France. This play by Shakespeare refers to the intrigue, spatial contest, politics of kingship and spatial struggle between England and France. Calais had been an enclave of England in France before Henry V succeeded to the throne; securing Calais, Henry V, the warrior king of England, attempted to build up another enclave at Harfleur. With the Anglo-Burgundian alliance, the Dauphin Charles, and Joan of Arc faced two enemies, England and the Dukedom of Burgundy. England and Burgundy had been allies against France in the Hundred Years’ War since 1415. Burgundy, because of its geographical location, is to play the key role in the tug of war between the two forces.
Geopolitics and contesting identities are two intertwining motifs in the First Part of Henry VI. Shakespeare portrays the conquest of France by England and represents diplomatic relations and shifting identities through geography and spatial politics as related to nationhood. This paper by examining the conflicts between France and England, will discuss geopolitics and contesting identities, the territorial disputes as well as spatial politics in an era when boundary politics was in flux.
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Nuzhdin, Oleg I. "How Can Money Conquer France? On the Question about the Monetary Policy of King Henry V in 1415–1422." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 22, no. 4 (202) (2020): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2020.22.4.065.
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This article studies the peculiarities of the monetary policy of English king Henry V in the territories of the Kingdom of France occupied by him between 1415 and 1422. The purpose of the study is to establish its influence on the state of finance in France and, first of all, on the sharp depreciation of silver money following the defeat. Within the framework of English politics, two stages can be clearly traced: the first one lasted from 1415 to 1420, when monetary policy was indirect in nature, influencing the French economy by the fact of conquest and becoming an additional factor in the aggravation of the domestic political struggle, and the other one lasted from 1420 to 1422 and was connected with the intention of Henry V as regent of the Kingdom of France, to bring the financial system into relative order. The author refers to French and English chronicles, The Diary of a Parisian Citizen, as well as the ordinances of the kings of France, which reflected the peculiarities of the monetary policy, more particularly, changes in the exchange rate and weight of silver coins and attempts to carry out reforms. The study carried out makes it possible to find out that the depreciation of the French silver coin was associated with the beginning of the British conquest of Normandy and the transfer of mints located there. A sharp drop in the money rate occurred after the transfer of Paris into the hands of the Burgundians and the formation in the fall of 1418 of an independent financial administration in the south of France under the control of the dauphin. On the contrary, some stabilisation followed the conclusion of the Treaty of Troyes, and the General States adopted a course towards reforms in December 1420. The author determines the stages of the reform and the reasons for its delay. These include: the lack of control over all the mints of the kingdom, the lack of coin metal and the required number of qualified personnel. Finally, the premature death of Henry V in the summer of 1422 did not allow the completion of the monetary reform.
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Brady, Anne-Marie. "“Treat Insiders and Outsiders Differently”: The Use and Control of Foreigners in the PRC." China Quarterly 164 (December 2000): 943–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100001924x.
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Nei waiyou bie, neijin wai song“treat insiders and outsiders differently,” “be strict internally, relaxed to the outside world,” so goes the Chinese authorities' line on managing foreigners. For historical and nationalistic reasons, foreigners occupy an extremely sensitive position in China today. To the outside world China's leaders talk of “friendship” (youhao guanxi) and celebrate “foreign friends” (waiguo pengyou). But in their internal documents these catch-phrases are simply the tropes of a deliberate strategy to control and manage foreigners' presence and activities in China.
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Mackenzie, Adrian. "The Problem of the Attractor." Theory, Culture & Society 22, no. 5 (October 2005): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276405057190.
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Contemporary complexity sciences claim a literal, non-metaphorical applicability to physical, economic, social and cultural events. They envision the development of a general social or historical physics. Conversely, in the social sciences and humanities, complexity sciences have been typically treated as a source of new metaphors or tropes to be used in theory-building. Can there be a critical social or historical physics that is not a world-view and that does not treat science as a source of metaphors? The Lorenz attractor figures centrally in the history of complexity science as a popular image of ‘deterministic chaos’ and the ‘butterfly effect’, as an indication of how far complexity science has progressed in the last two decades, and, as this article argues, as an event whose multiplicity of interpretations attests to the problem it raises, the problem of generality associated with complexity. Via the Lorenz attractor, the article examines three attempts to treat complexity non-metaphorically in recent theoretical work (Delanda; Massumi; Stengers). In these accounts, the attractor performs several different functions. It forms part of a re-engineered concept of multiplicity, it helps conceptualize feeling or sensitivity, and it raises the general problem of practice in theory-building.
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Rand, Harry. "What was the Trojan Horse?" Vulcan 3, no. 1 (May 29, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-00301001.
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Few now believe the myth that Troy’s defenders succumbed to a booby-trapped wooden horse, which assumes both incredible Trojan stupidity and unlikely Greek confidence in their opponent’s witlessness. Indeed, Homer—who treated both Greeks and Trojans with dignity—barely mentions such a horse; the story of Troy’s downfall by the ruse of a great wooden horse derives from Quintus of Smyrna’s epic in fourteen books, part of the “Posthomerica.” Yet hints of the Great Horse were secreted in the Illiad and a slighted passage indicates that Homer’s listeners understood exactly what he was talking about. Subsequent misunderstanding arose when Homer’s exquisitely concise literary allusion was overlooked. Modern scholars trust that a siege machine, specifically some sort of battering ram, rumbled up to the walls of Troy. We can identify Homer’s own allusion to the horse, its probable function, its builder, and the origins of associating the horse with Poseidon.
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Walenda, C., A. Kouakoussui, F. Rouet, L. Wemin, M. F. Anaky, and P. Msellati. "Morbidity in HIV-1-Infected Children Treated or Not Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, 2000-04." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 55, no. 3 (December 9, 2008): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmn106.
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VAN RIJ, INGE. "Back to (the music of) the future: Aesthetics of technology in Berlioz's Euphonia and Damnation de Faust." Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (November 2010): 257–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586711000255.
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AbstractIn his final years, Berlioz's name became entangled in debates around Wagnerian ‘music of the future’; but Berlioz was also engaged with conceptions of the future in a much more literal sense throughout his life. An examination of texts such as Euphonia which treat futuristic settings helps us to identify three main technological tropes by which the future is characterised in Berlioz's writings: the industrialisation of space and time; the discourse of gender; and fears around agency. Applying these tropes to the contemporaneous La damnation de Faust enables a new reading of genre in Berlioz's ‘légende dramatique’, which is revealed to dramatise the dialectic of technology and gender on a meta-diegetic level. Performances of La damnation de Faust that stage it as opera or as Wagnerian Gesamtkunstwerk may blind us to the innovative aspects of the work, for these aspects are most visible when it is the orchestral ‘machine’ that is placed literally centre stage. This new reading of La damnation de Faust through the lens of Euphonia helps us to resituate Berlioz as a musician of the future in a manner that provides an alternative to the more familiar Wagnerian aesthetics.
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Shi, X., Y. Sun, and R. Qiang. "Undiagnosed congenital hypothyroidism in a newborn treated with dopamine infusion." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 61, no. 3 (February 26, 2015): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmv007.
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Merchant, R. "Brief report. Nursery outbreak of neonatal fungal arthritis treated with fluconazole." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 43, no. 2 (April 1, 1997): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/43.2.106.
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Vasquez, J. C., J. DeLaRosa, E. Montesinos, L. Rojas, J. Peralta, and J. J. Leon. "Severe Mitral Regurgitation and Hepatopulmonary Hydatid Cysts: What Should Be Treated First?" Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 54, no. 6 (May 1, 2008): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmn055.
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Citak, E. C., and F. E. Citak. "Treatment Results of Children with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Treated with Rituximab." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 57, no. 1 (May 12, 2010): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmq033.
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Eltahir, Hatim G., Jalal Ali Bilal, Elrazy A. Ali, and Ishag Adam. "No Reduction in Hemoglobin Level in SeverePlasmodium falciparumMalaria Treated with Artesunate in Central Sudan." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 63, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmw041.
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Raine, Henry. "From Here to Ephemerality: Fugitive Sources in Libraries, Archives, and Museums: The 48th Annual RBMS Preconference." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.9.1.293.
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For too long, institutions have treated their collections of ephemera as impediments rather than assets. They considered that ephemera had intrinsically less research value than books or manuscripts, that it was difficult to store and access, and that it often came in collections so large and unwieldy that they would never be adequately cataloged or inventoried. Vast troves of broadsides, handbills, and circulars languished unsorted in boxes, and the existence of these collections was seldom advertised to potential researchers, and sometimes carefully hidden from them. And yet some scholars took strong interest in these types of materials, some collectors and ...
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Lincicum, David. "Mirror-Reading a Pseudepigraphal Letter." Novum Testamentum 59, no. 2 (March 9, 2017): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685365-12341555.
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This study investigates the implications of pseudonymity for the interpretative process, arguing that we need to take into account the pseudepigraphal attempt to achieve a “reality effect” by employing tropes and concerns from authentic Pauline letters to lend the forged writing an air of verisimilitude. But in this way our ability, if we judge a text pseudepigraphal, to discern reality from appearance is severely problematized, and we should therefore consider the possibility that pseudepigraphal letters should be treated more as rhetorical compositions than as epistolary literature, since all the ostensive elements of epistolarity are fictionalized in a pseudepigraphal letter.
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Muller, O. "Retreatment of Long-lasting Insecticide-treated Mosquito Nets under Field Conditions in Rural Burkina Faso." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 50, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/50.6.380.
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Yılmaz, Dilek, Ferah Sönmez, Sacide Karakaş, Önder Yavaşcan, Nejat Aksu, İmran Kurt Ömürlü, and Çiğdem Yenisey. "Evaluation of Nutritional Status in Children during Predialysis, or Treated By Peritoneal Dialysis or Hemodialysis." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 62, no. 3 (January 13, 2016): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmv094.
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Bird, Michael F. "N. T. Wright and Paul’s Supersessionism: A Response to Kaminsky and Reasoner." Harvard Theological Review 113, no. 4 (October 2020): 498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816020000243.
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AbstractJoel Kaminsky and Mark Reasoner offered a concerted critique of N. T. Wright’s account of Israel’s election as well as Wright’s description of the apostle Paul’s messianic atonement theology. They allege that Wright treats Israel’s election as instrumental rather than intrinsic and his exegesis of Rom 5:20‒21 results in a rehearsal of anti-Jewish tropes. This essay responds to them by 1) claiming that many of their criticisms are inaccurate representations of Wright’s views; 2) defending a missional perspective of Israel’s view of election; 3) asserting that Wright’s reading of Rom 5:20 about the Torah multiplying sin within Israel is neither immoral, nor implausible, nor idiosyncratic; and 4) offering some final thoughts about Wright and Jewish-Christian relations.
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Yaseen, H. "Brief report. Early dexamethasone treatment in preterm infants treated with surfactant: a double blind controlled trial." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 45, no. 5 (October 1, 1999): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/45.5.304.
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Cournil, A., S. Mercier-Deheuvels, A. M. Dupuy, J. P. Cristol, M. F. Anaky, F. Rouet, P. Fassinou, and P. Msellati. "Evolution of lipid levels in HIV-infected children treated or not with HAART in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 58, no. 1 (May 10, 2011): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmr038.
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Van Biljon, G. "Causes, Prognostic Factors and Treatment Results of Acute Renal Failure in Children Treated in a Tertiary Hospital in South Africa." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 54, no. 4 (March 13, 2008): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmm079.
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Cunha, Gicelle S., Francisco Mezzacappa-Filho, and José D. Ribeiro. "Risk Factors for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in very Low Birth Weight Newborns Treated with Mechanical Ventilation in the First Week of Life." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 51, no. 6 (May 31, 2005): 334–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmi051.
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Russell, Jesse. "The Rudeness and Reverence of Geoffrey Hill’s Mariology." Literature and Theology 34, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/litthe/frz039.
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Abstract Due to his seemingly reactionary politics and theology, the recently deceased English lyricist Geoffrey Hill has courted controversy throughout his life. However, while Hill’s work is replete with qualified nostalgia for premodern British history, and he does treat a number of Christian themes in his work, the great British poet defies easy categorisation. Moreover, drawing from the theology of Simone Weil, Rowan Williams, and others, Hill’s work is saturated with a profound awareness of the fallen state of human nature. One of the most profound tropes Hill uses as a representative of what could be called Original Sin is the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary. As a tormented believer and a poet very aware of the fallenness of the world, Hill’s depiction of Mary reveals that Hill is a Christian poet who does not fall into ready categories.
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Lifigao, Maxson, Titus Nasi, Carol Titiulu, Steven Lumasa, and Trevor Duke. "Congenital Syphilis in Honiara, Solomon Islands." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 6 (May 3, 2020): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa017.
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Abstract Introduction Congenital syphilis remains a significant cause of newborn mortality and long-term neurodevelopmental problems in some low- and middle-income countries. This study was done in Honiara, Solomon Islands to determine the incidence of babies born to mothers with a positive venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test and a positive Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA); to determine the VDRL status of newborns and features of congenital syphilis; and to estimate the proportion of stillbirths associated with syphilis. Methodology All neonates born to VDRL-positive mothers, including stillbirths were included between April and July 2019. Neonates were examined, investigated and treated. Results Among 1534 consecutive births, 1469 were live births and 65 (4.2%) were stillbirths. One hundred and forty-three neonates were born to VDRL-positive mothers: 130 (90.1%) were live infants and 13 (8.9%) stillbirths. Of the 130 VDRL-exposed live-born infants, 72 (55%) had reactive VDRL and a positive TPHA and 7 (9.7%) had clinical signs of congenital syphilis. Five of the infants with clinical signs of syphilis infection had a 4-fold higher VDRL titre than their mother. Four infants of VDRL-positive mothers died during admission, all of whom had clinical signs of syphilis. Ninety percent of affected infants were born to mothers who were not treated or only partially treated during pregnancy. Conclusions In this study, 1:210 live-born babies had clinical and serological evidence of congenital syphilis, and evidence of Treponema infection was found disproportionately in stillbirths. In a setting where Treponema infections are common, an empirical approach to prevention may be needed.
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Chrzanowska-Kluczewska, Elżbieta. "Synecdoche – an underestimated macrofigure?" Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 22, no. 3 (August 2013): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947013489240.
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This article analyses the constructive potential of synecdoche as a text-building mechanism. All too often not properly distinguished from its close and better-known relative, metonymy, synecdoche deserves to be treated as a separate figure, with its own individual function to perform. In this capacity it has already been mentioned by Giambattista Vico (1984 [1744]) as the trope of essentiality, pointing to outstanding features that pertain to individuals and objects. Synecdoche has retained its unique status among Kenneth Burke’s (1962 [1945]) master tropes and among Hayden White’s (1973, 1985a [1978], 1985b [1978], 1999a, 1999b) basic tropes, which organize various forms of narrative discourse. Synecdoche as a microfigure is usually confined to phrases or, at most, clauses but its genuinely discursive function becomes visible when it acts as a macrofigure, forming synecdochical chains that structure larger stretches of texts. Following the cognitivist claim about the predominance of the experience related to our own bodies over other types of perception, I turn my attention to one of frequent types of synecdoche that represents living organisms through their body parts. The chains of body parts synecdoches will be examined, drawn from Marcel Proust’s prose, as well as from a set of poems by Sylvia Plath and a set of poetic works by Czesław Miłosz. The structuring force of synecdoche becomes visible in the texts’ overall cohesion. Finally, an important theoretical aspect of the application of macrosynecdoche is its smooth transition into a megafigure, a tacit rhetorical strategy that underlies the entire text and influences its ultimate interpretation.
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Alsuhaibani, Mohammed A. "Premature Infant with Haemophilus parainfluenzae Sepsis: Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 65, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 638–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz010.
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Abstract Haemophilus parainfluenzae is an unusual causative organism of invasive bacterial infection in adults and children. Mortality and morbidity secondary to Haemophilus parainfluenzae have been documented in the literature. We present a rare case of a premature infant with early onset sepsis caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae, who was born to a primigravida with chorioamnionitis. The infant was successfully treated for 10 days with antibiotics with no complications.
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Soliman, A. "Growth parameters and predictors of growth in short children with and without growth hormone (GH) deficiency treated with human GH: a randomized controlled study." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 42, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/42.5.281.
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Mathew, Georgie, Venkatesh Arumugam, Suresh Murugesan, Neelaveni Duhli, and Indira Agarwal. "Renal Mucormycosis: A Rare Cause of Urinary Tract Infection Leading to End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD)." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 65, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmy059.
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Abstract Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection often seen in immunocompromised hosts. Isolated renal mucormycosis may however present in immunocompetent children as renal failure and has a uniformly poor prognosis if not detected and treated early into the course of illness. We present a 3-year-old boy with unrelenting pyelonephritis in whom serial urine cultures done were negative. A final diagnosis of isolated renal mucormycosis was made by magnetic resonance imaging and renal biopsy.
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Ng, S. "Age, sex, haemoglobin level, and white cell count at diagnosis are important prognostic factors in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with BFM-type protocol." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 46, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/46.6.338.
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FRANCK, Eli E., Wouyo ATAKPAMA, Tchadjobo TCHACONDO, Komlan BATAWILA, and Koffi AKPAGANA. "Importance of time in traditional medicine: a case of three plants use of Togolese pharmacopoeia." Nutrition & Santé 09, no. 02 (December 16, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.30952/ns.9.2.5.
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Introduction. The effectiveness of folk medicine has been demonstrated by several studies. However, the chrono-toxicological aspect is barely addressed. Objective. The present study, conducted in the region of Kara in Togo, assessed the importance of the factor "time" in the use of 3 plants commonly used in traditional pharmacopoeia: Sarcocephalus latifolius, Jatropha multifida, and Blighia sapida. Material and methods. The methodology was based on ethnobotanical surveys, semi-structured individual interviews of 36 traditional healers using the three plants. Analysis of these data was based on consensus values (CV), and use values (UV). A chrono-toxicological assessment of their hydro-alcoholic extracts permitted to determine the impact of administration time on liver and kidney of Swiss albinos mice male. Results. The most used organs by traditional healers were roots (UV=0.62) for S. latifolius, bark (UV=0.53) for B. sapida, and leaves (0.66) for J. multifida. Malaria was the most treated disease with S. latifolius (CV=0.44), and J. multifida (CV=0.5). Haemorrhoid was cured with B. sapida (CV=0.28). Plant parts were harvested mainly in the morning (VC≥ 0.55). The most recommended dosing period was morning - evening for S. latifolius (VC=0.70), and B. sapida (VC=0.70), and only in the morning for J. multifida (VC=0.50). The hydro-alcoholic extracts administration of S. latifolius at 12H increased significantly mice liver weight. There was also a significant increase in liver weight in mice treated morning and evening by a hydro-alcoholic extract of J. multifida. Conclusion. Checking account of harvest time, and/or administration of phytomedicines will contribute to improve significantly the effectiveness of traditional medicine.
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Xu, Yao, Yang Fang Wu, Huang Huang Luo, Dong Dong Zhang, Yue Wu, and Peng Hu. "Acute Kidney Injury Secondary to Severe Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Caused by Enterovirus-A71: Hypertension Is a Common." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 65, no. 5 (November 19, 2018): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmy070.
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AbstractHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease among children, caused primarily by human enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus-A16 (CV-A16). To date, only two case reports mention that renal involvement can be secondary to or coexisting with CV-A16-associated HFMD. In the present report, we describe a 10-year-old girl who was infected with EV-A71 and subsequently developed a definite acute kidney injury (AKI), mainly based on the characteristic rash, virus isolation, eyelid edema, hypertension, decreased urine output, mild proteinuria and impaired renal function. She was treated with intravenous ribavirin, immunoglobulin, oral administration of nifedipine and ramipril. After 7 days of intensive observations, she recovered fully. Hypertension is a common feature in both HFMD and AKI. On one hand, hypertension serves as a risk factor for severe HFMD; on the other hand, hypertension induces AKI onset and is also deteriorated by AKI.
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Abange, William Baiye, Celine Nguefeu Nkenfou, Hortense Gonsu Kamga, Clement Assob Nguedia, Nelly Kamgaing, Catherine Lozupone, Samuel Martin Sosso, et al. "Intestinal Parasites Infections among HIV Infected Children Under Antiretrovirals Treatment in Yaounde, Cameroon." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 2 (July 20, 2019): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz048.
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Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections are among the most common communicable diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes dysregulation of the immune system through the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes which gives rise to opportunistic infections. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to October 2018. Stool and blood samples were collected from participants aged 1 to 19. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal parasites. Blood samples were analyzed for HIV and CD4 + T cell counts. Results Out of 214 children enrolled, 119 (55.6%) were HIV infected and 95 (44.4%) were HIV non-infected. All infected children were on antiretroviral treatment (ART). The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.2% in HIV infected and 15.8% in non-infected children. Among the 119 HIV infected children, 33 (27.7%) of them had a CD4+ T cell count less than 500 cells/mm3, and amongst them 5.9% had CD4+ T cell count less than 200 cells/mm3. Among HIV infected children, Cryptosporidium spp. was frequently detected, 7/119 (5.9%), followed by Giardia lamblia 5/119 (4.2%) then Blastocystis hominis 3/119 (2.5%) and Entamoeba coli 3/119 (2.5%). Participants on ART and prophylactic co-trimoxazole for >10 years had little or no parasite infestation. Conclusions Although ART treatment in combination with prophylactic co-trimoxazole reduces the risk of parasitic infection, 20.2% of HIV infected children harbored intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium spp. Stool analysis may be routinely carried out in order to treat detected cases of opportunistic parasites and such improve more on the life quality of HIV infected children.
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Cruz de Oliveira, Adriana, Antonio Flavio Batista de Araujo, Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda, Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá, Luciana Luzia Pinho, and Naara Iorrana Gomes Sousa. "INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO." IRRIGA 25, no. 4 (December 16, 2020): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2020v25n4p677-669.
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INFLUÊNCIA DA IRRIGAÇÃO SUPLEMENTAR COM ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS SOBRE AS TROCAS GASOSAS FOLIARES DO ALGODOEIRO
ADRIANA CRUZ DE OLIVEIRA1; ANTONIO FLAVIO BATISTA DE ARAUJO2; CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA3; JUVENALDO FLORENTINO CANJÁ4; LUCIANA LUZIA PINHO5 E NAARA IORRANA GOMES SOUSA6
1 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: drica_fj@hotmail.com.br
2 Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: antonioflaviobatistadearaujo@gmail.com
3 Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: cfeitosa@ufc.br
4Mestrando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: batchijuve@gmail.com
5 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: englucianaufc@gmail.com
6 Mestranda no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará-UFC, Av. Mister Hull, s/n -Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Bloco 804, CEP: 60455-760, Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. E-mail: naara_iorrana@hotmail.com
1 RESUMO
O uso de águas residuárias na irrigação tem crescido como suplementação para driblar a escassez hídrica. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre as respostas das culturas sobre sua aplicação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os impactos da irrigação suplementar com águas residuárias tratadas sobre as trocas gasosas do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulando-se cenários hídricos considerados normais, seca e seca severa, na presença e ausência de NPK. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Russas – CE, em área vizinha à lagoa de estabilização da CAGECE – Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, em DBC, no esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com quatro blocos. As parcelas foram cenários hídricos (normal, seca e seca severa); a subparcela foi a suplementação ou não com água residuária tratada nos veranicos simulados; a subsubparcela foi a aplicação ou não de NPK. A cultivar utilizada foi BR 433. Aos 25 dias após a semeadura foram analisadas fotossíntese, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e temperatura foliar. Os cenários de seca e seca severa apresentaram pequeno impacto sobre as trocas gasosas foliares do algodoeiro. Entretanto, a irrigação suplementar reduziu a temperatura foliar e atenuou os efeitos do cenário de seca sobre a fotossíntese, independente da aplicação ou não de NPK.
Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum L, Reúso de água, Seca.
OLIVEIRA, A. C. de; ARAUJO, A. F. B. de; LACERDA, C. F. de; CANJÁ, J. F.; PINHO, L. L.; SOUSA, N. I. G.
INFLUENCE OF SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION WITH WASTEWATER ON COTTON LEAF GAS EXCHANGE
2 ABSTRACT
The use of wastewater in irrigation has grown as a supplement to circumvent water scarcity. However, little is known about the responses of cultures to its application. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the impacts of supplementary irrigation with treated wastewater on gas exchange of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L), simulating water scenarios considered normal, drought and severe drought, in the presence and absence of NPK. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Russas - CE, in an area next to the stabilization pond of CAGECE - Companhia de Agua e Esgoto do Estado do Ceará, in DBC, in the subdivided plot scheme, with four blocks. The plots were water scenarios (normal, drought and severe drought); the subplot was supplemented or not with wastewater treated in the simulated summer days; the sub-installment was the application or not of NPK. The cultivar used was BR 433. At 25 days after sowing, photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration and leaf temperature were analyzed. The drought and severe drought scenarios had little impact on the cotton leaf gas exchange. However, supplementary irrigation reduced leaf temperature and attenuated the effects of drought scenario on photosynthesis, whether or not NPK was applied.
Keywords: Gossypium hirsutum L, Water reuse, Drought.
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Sharma, Pradeep Kumar, Nikhil Vinayak, Girraj K. Aggarwal, R. D. Srivastava, Pradeep Kumar Aggarwal, and Anand Singh Kushwaha. "Severe Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children: A Challenge to Intensive Care Specialist." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa027.
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Abstract Objective Necrotizing pneumonia (NP) is recently recognized as a complication of pneumonia. The data on NP are scant from developing world and we aimed to describe the characteristic features of NP in our children. Study design Single center retrospective cohort analysis. Patient selection Institutional database of children treated for pneumonia between September 2014 and May 2018 was searched to identify children with NP. Methods The demographic characteristics, laboratory results, and clinical information were recorded for patients selected as NP and analyzed. Results In total, 10 patients (3.7%) of NP were identified out of 272 patients with pneumonia. Median age was 3 years (range: 3 months to 12years). All cases had severe respiratory distress and 70% required mechanical ventilation and inotropic support. The causative pathogens were identified in 6/10 children (60%) with Staphylococcus aureus being most common (4/10). Pleural effusion and pneumothorax were seen in six cases. Four cases had bilateral pleural effusion and three had bilateral pneumothorax. Intercostal drainage (ICD) was placed in 70% and bilateral ICD was placed in 40% cases. Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) developed in two cases and one had bilateral BPF. Median [inter quartile range] ICD days and hospital stay were 9 (6–14) and 13.5 (7.5–18.5) days, respectively. Mean (±SD) total antibiotic (in hospital plus outpatient) days were 28.8 ± 9.6 days. Four cases had airway hemorrhage and in three cases this was massive and fatal. Conclusion NP is a relatively rare but severe complication of pneumonia distinct from pediatric acute respiratory distress, pleural effusion and empyema. Airway hemorrhage is the most fatal complication.
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Nørgaard, Mathilde, Cecilie Stagstrup, Stine Lund, and Anja Poulsen. "To Bubble or Not? A Systematic Review of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 339–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz069.
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Abstract Background Bubble-continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) is a simple, low-cost ventilation therapy with the potential to lower morbidity and mortality in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Aim To examine (i) whether bCPAP is a safe and effective treatment for children in all age-groups presenting with respiratory distress from any cause, (ii) LMIC-implemented bCPAP devices including their technical specifications and costs and (iii) the setting and level of health care bCPAP has been implemented in. Method A systematic search was performed of Embase, PubMed and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: bCPAP for children with respiratory distress in all age groups in LMICs. Database searches were performed up to 1 November 2018. Results A total of 24 publications were eligible for the review. For neonates bCPAP was superior in improving survival and clinical progression compared with oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation (MV). In two studies bCPAP was superior to low flow oxygen in reducing mortality in children 29 days to 13 months. Respiratory rate reductions were significant across all ages. Only three of six studies in children of all ages evaluated serious adverse events. In 12 studies comprising 1338 neonates treated with bCPAP, pneumothorax was reported 27 times. The majority of studies were carried out at tertiary hospitals in middle-income countries and 50% implemented the most expensive bCPAP-device. Conclusion In neonates and children below 13 months bCPAP is a safe treatment improving clinical outcomes and reducing the need for MV, without an increase in mortality. High-quality studies from non-tertiary settings in low-income countries are needed.
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Колкер, Я. М., and Е. С. Устинова. "The Affective Aspect of the “Poetics — Poetry — Translation” Paradigm." Иностранные языки в высшей школе, no. 2(57) (July 12, 2021): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2021.57.2.010.
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В статье с переводческой позиции рассматривается эмоциональный эффект, производимый короткими стихотворениями о Великой Отечественной войне. Предметом исследования является выразительность, понимаемая не как экспрессивность тропов, фигур речи или авторских окказионализмов, а как эффект воздействия на читателя, достигаемый всей совокупностью средств письменного художественного текста. Особое внимание уделяется неброским проявлениям выразительности, приобретающим смысл только в конкретном тексте. Исследуется взаимодействие и взаимозависимость лексических, синтаксических, фонетических и пунктуационных способов выразительности, их смысловой потенциал, пути достижения компрессии, а также способы передачи создаваемого впечатления в переводе. Авторы предлагают свое видение основной задачи поэтики в отношении поэтических произведений с присущей им компрессией, где любая самая мелкая единица текста, включая знаки пунктуации, участвует в создании тона, авторского голоса и производимого эмоционального впечатления. Исследование выполнено на материале четырех стихотворений отечественных классиков середины ХХ века — А. А. Ахматовой, А. Т. Твардовского, К. М. Симонова и А. А. Тарковского. Переводы стихотворений на английский язык сделаны авторами статьи. The paper examines, through the lenses of a translator, the emotional effect produced by short poems about the Great Patriotic war. The study focuses on the notion of expressiveness, but not the kind of expressiveness that catches the eye with original tropes and figures of speech or the author’s nonce-words. It is treated as the effect produced upon the reader by a whole array of descriptive and expressive means employed in written texts. The authors examine the interaction and interdependence of lexical, syntactical, and, especially, less conspicuous phonetic and punctuation means of meaning-making. It is stated that a compressed and unaffected manner of expression in poetry may have a far greater impact than an excessive use of tropes or most inventive nonce-words. The authors suggest their vision of poetics in reference to poetry, with its tendency for compression, where every component, however unobtrusive (like punctuation signs, for instance), participates in creating the right tone, in rendering the poet’s voice and producing the intended emotional impression. The research is based on four Russian poems written in the 1940’s–1970’s by Anna Akhmatova, Alexander Tvardovsky, Konstantin Simonov, and Arseny Tarkovsky. The translations belong to the authors of the paper.
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Emery, Jacob. "Species of Legitimacy: The Rhetoric of Succession around Russian Coins." Slavic Review 75, no. 1 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.75.1.1.
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Numismatic advertisements of competing claims to the title of grand prince served as a useful propaganda medium during the Muscovite succession struggles of the 1400s but also yielded a persistent slippage between coins' function of proclaiming political legitimacy and conferring that legitimacy. This article outlines the mutually symbolizing relation between coinage and succession in the cultural imagination of the Daniilovich dynasty and beyond. It focuses on verbal tropes, succession practices, and economic functions by turns in order to elucidate the rhetorical matrix that identified the legitimacy of the tsar and of money and to sketch out its evolving applications. First, I read passages from Ivan IV's first letter to Prince Kurbskii to show how the tsar conceived of usurpation as a falsified succession suggestive of falsified coin. Then, I treat early Muscovite coins that articulated family relationships, especially conflicts between primogenitary and collateral principles of inheritance. Finally, I relate the sovereign to the material artifact of money, particularly coins representing him as a mintmaster or as an executioner poised to punish counterfeiters, in order to contextualize efforts by enemies of the state to command numismatic symbols. In all of these contexts, the perception of legitimate succession is intertwined with a currency of signs and the circulation of specie.
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Hockema, Brandon R., and Ed Etxeberria. "Metabolic Contributors to Drought-enhanced Accumulation of Sugars and Acids in Oranges." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 126, no. 5 (September 2001): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.599.
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The nature of sink strength in orange fruit and changes occurring during drought stress were investigated. Potted trees of `Hamlin' orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted on Troyer citrange [Citrus sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were irrigated using a microsprinkler system creating either well-watered or water-stressed conditions, as determined by stem water potentials. Fruit were harvested every other week from trees of both well-watered and drought-stressed treatments during the final stage of fruit development when sugars accumulate rapidly. Fruit quality indices and activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy), invertase, sucrose-P synthase, sucrose-P phosphatase, V-ATPase, and V-PPase were measured. Acids and soluble sugar concentrations were elevated in drought-stressed fruit, whereas juice pH decreased in those same fruit. Results indicate that increased sink strength in fruit from stressed trees was accompanied by an increase in SuSy activity and lowered juice pH. The remaining enzymes examined in this experiment showed no changes in activity between control and treated fruit, as was the case for plasmalemma and tonoplast sucrose carriers. Based on the present data, we conclude that SuSy and vacuolar pH are the predominant factors controlling photoassimilate accumulation in orange fruit under enhanced sink conditions brought about by imposition of a mild drought stress.
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Mondal, Subarna. "Dead but not gone: Female body, surveillance and serial-killing in Alfred Hitchcock's Frenzy." Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook 17, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nl_00007_1.
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Abstract Alfred Hitchcock in Psycho (1960) makes the corpse of an ordinary woman both an object of surveillance and a source of active watching. Mrs Bates and Marion in Psycho, Brenda and Babs in Frenzy (1972) may be seen as predecessors to the series of dead women figuratively staring back in films such as The Silence of the Lambs (Demme, 1991) and Perfume: The Story of a Murderer (Tykwer, 2006). The corpses do not merely offer themselves up as ciphers to be decoded. They reveal the lack in the perpetrators. Hitchcock's Frenzy relies on female bodies for clues to the murders. Hitchcock plays the vital role of bringing about a transition in the way in which women's bodies are to be treated in films, a transition from bodies shrouded by mist and darkness of the noirs to the exhibitionism of naked corpses in brightly lit settings. This article shows that abandonment of the usual tropes of visual impediments such as darkness and fog in Hitchcock's later films suggests a continually developing process of urban surveillance that aids in dehumanizing the victims. Further the post-murder masculinist investigative gaze forces a kind of mock-life on the victims through the relentless search of a killer's live signs on their dead flesh.
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Loreto, Paola. "Audial and Visual Conversation in Mary Oliver's Dog Songs: Language as a Trans-Species Faculty." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 12, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2021.12.1.3677.
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The essay investigates Mary Oliver’s reflection upon, and questioning of, language as a marker of human/nonhuman divide as it unfolds in her second, 2013 “species collection” on dogs, Dog Songs (her first one being Owls and Other Fantasies, her 2006 similar collection, portraying her ways of communicating with birds). Through an exploration of both the visual and audial modes of Oliver’s conversations with the dogs she owned in her life, and treated as companions, this study demonstrates that the poet held an attitude toward the nonhuman which in contemporary theoretical terms would be defined as an “indistinction approach” to the animal question (Calarco 2015). In Dog Songs, Oliver portrays a proximity between humans and animals that ultimately preserves an unavoidable distance. Her writing exploits both her intuition of animals’ capacity for agency and creativity—which accompanies the de-emphasizing of human uniqueness—and her consciousness that we need tropes from human experience to convey our perception of nonhuman ways of life. Moreover, through her representation of the animal’s gaze, of a powerfully ironic reversal of the aims (and effects) of the pathetic fallacy, and of narrative empathy, she proves that an imaginative use of language makes poetry a distinct space for our efforts to envisage an ecosystem that animals may inhabit as our equals.
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Podazza, Griselda, Marta Arias, and Fernando E. Prado. "Early interconnectivity between metabolic and defense events against oxidative stress induced by cadmium in roots of four citrus rootstocks." Functional Plant Biology 43, no. 10 (2016): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16153.
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The effect of cadmium on roots of four citrus rootstocks was studied to assess the relationships between oxidative stress, carbohydrates, phenolics and antioxidant responses. Swingle citrumelo (SC), Rangpur lime (RL), Troyer citrange (TC) and Volkamer lemon (VL) genotypes were exposed to 0, 5 and 10 µM Cd over 7 days, after which Cd accumulation was markedly higher in roots compared with stems and leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity increased in Cd-treated SC and RL roots, suggesting that a lipid peroxidation is the main driver of plasma membrane damage. In contrast, in TC and VL genotypes, LOX-mediated lipid peroxidation does not appear to play a key role in Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, but H2O2 accumulation seems to be responsible of less plasma membrane damage. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol and syringaldazine peroxidases (G-POD and S-POD respectively) were differentially affected by Cd. Lipid profile and ATPase-dependant proton extrusion indicated higher disfunctionalities of root plasma membrane in SC and RL genotypes than in TC and VL genotypes. Differences in carbohydrates and phenolic compounds were also observed. Histochemical analysis of G-POD activity and lignin and suberin deposition revealed differences among genotypes. A model to explain the relationships among carbohydrates, soluble phenolics, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation in Cd-exposed roots was proposed.
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Usha, K., A. Saxena, and B. Singh. "Rhizosphere dynamics influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus deserticola) and related changes in leaf nutrient status and yield of Kinnow mandarin {King (Citrus nobilis) × Willow Leaf (Citrus deliciosa)}." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, no. 5 (2004): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar03036.
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Rhizosphere modification through root exudation is an important attribute that regulates not only the availability of nutrients in the soil but also their acquisition by plants. To test the above, 10-year-old Kinnow mandarin plants budded on Troyer citrange were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus deserticola) and Azotobacter chroococcum in different combinations with organic-farm-yard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilisers in February when the root system was active. Plants with FYM alone were treated as a control. In the present investigation, a higher release of organic acids such as malic, citric, shikimic, and fumaric acids was evident from symbiotic roots of Kinnow inoculated with AMF (G. deserticola). Soil pH decreased significantly from 8.5 before the start of the experiment to 6.4 at the end of the experiment in the treatment where G. deserticola was applied with FYM. A decrease in soil EC and organic carbon, and an increase in soil availability of N, P, and K, leaf nutrient status, and fruit yield and quality were observed when the plants were inoculated with G. deserticola compared with all other treatments. This study indicates that G. deserticola, when compared with A. chroococcum, modifies the rhizosphere favourably to improve soil nutrient availability and consequent uptake by plants and thus result in better growth, fruit yield, and quality of Kinnow.
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Vasylchenko, Andriy. "Intersubjective approach to intentionality and internal objects." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 6 (January 16, 2021): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2020.06.027.
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Intentionality — the orientation of mental states to objects (things, properties, states of things, events) — has been considered a hallmark of the psyche since Brentano’s time. In this article, we consider the problem of intentionality from the second-person approach, or the standpoint of intersubjectivity. Our analysis shows that intentionality is intrinsically projective. The projective nature of intentionality is related to internal objects that play a crucial role in fixing the person’s subjective experience and serve as a fulcrum in the development of the person. The internal object can be treated as a set of properties and tropes. The logic of intentionality proposed by Graham Priest and the theory of primary (that is, belonging to the Freudian system «unconscious») psychological attitudes developed by Linda Brakel created the preconditions for seman- tical analysis of projective intentionality. In the article, we rely on the logic of projective intentionality that reorients the resources of modal logics and semantics of possible worlds to the investigation and formalization of primary thinking. Considering the problem of mental existence within the framework of the second-person approach, we show that Wittgenstein’s reasoning about the «beetle in a box» does not refute the thesis of the privacy of mental meanings. Finally, involving the possible world semantics, we develop a neo-Aristotelian approach to the ontology of mental objects.
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Egry, Gábor. "The greatest catastrophe of (post-)colonial Central Europe? The 100th years anniversary of Trianon and official politics of memory in Hungary." Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 18, no. 2 (December 2020): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2020.2.6.
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The Treaty of Trianon (hereinafter Trianon), the enormous losses of territory and co-ethnics, and the shaking of Hungary’s status as a dominant power in the Carpathian Basin imputed a tragic understanding of contemporary Hungarian history on the Hungarian society, invoking the idea of a trauma lasting even today. Trianon’s understanding became a divisive issue for political parties after 1989, highlighting the ever-deeper divisions between right and left-liberals, since 2010. Its “overcoming” is a flagship project of the government’s politics of identity, with modest success so far. Thus, the 100th anniversary was a crucial moment as a test case for a self-professed nationalist, traditionalist, conservative political force for manifesting a comprehensive politics of memory. In the light of the newly built monument at the heart of Budapest, with the Hungarian names of all localities on the territory of pre-1918 Hungary inscribed on its wall, a cautious shifting back to territorial revisionism was expected. In this article, I will argue that even with such tendencies being, obviously, present, the official commemorations were crafted with a surprising message, that attempts to turn the canonical understanding of Trianon upside down and reframe it into a common catastrophe of Central Europe. Doing so places the consequences in the context of the decolonization of history, the present decline of empires, and the emergence of nation-states while combining it with important tropes of the traditional, anti-liberal and revisionist Trianon discourse. Nevertheless, the result is a transparently political message that is not only driven by easily visible actual political goals (V4 and Central European), but one that detaches the politics of memory from historical references and legacies and creates a set of shallow symbols for utter instrumentalization, to recombine at will, in a vulgarised sense of post-modernism.
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Mercer, Erin. "“In America?”." Extrapolation: Volume 62, Issue 2 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/extr.2021.11.
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Critical evaluation of Stephen King’s work is far from unanimous, with a handful of scholars producing monographs devoted to his fiction, while others dismiss him as a peddler of poorly written popular narratives motivated only by commercial success. King himself acknowledges that he is as much a brand name as an author, and that he might be considered “the literary equivalent of a Big Mac and a large fries from McDonalds.” Anxieties related to the aesthetic value of prolifically produced popular fiction appear to be validated by King’s novel, The Institute (2019), which treads the familiar terrain of the King brand by utilizing the genre of speculative fiction and focusing on a child with paranormal powers. Nevertheless, although The Institute repeats many of King’s abiding concerns and tropes, it represents a significant development in his work. Less a reiteration of King’s earlier speculative fiction depicting children with telekinetic, telepathic, and pyrokinetic powers, The Institute demonstrates significant complexity and nuance in its representation of power, good and evil, and the ethics underpinning American life in the twenty-first century. In addition to critiquing corrupt social structures, The Institute interrogates the assumed powerlessness of children and condemns the commodification of the human subject by late capitalist society and its militarized forms of order. In his novel, King proves his detractors wrong by not simply reproducing his particular brand of fiction but revising its previous representations in order to meaningfully engage with a rapidly changing world.
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Gimeno-Maldonado, Cristina. "Vides exemplars. Terciàries carmelitanes a El Carmelo Esmaltado de Roque Alberto Faci (1743)." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 8 (December 13, 2016): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.0.9297.
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Resum: Carmelo Esmaltado con tantas brillantes estrelles, cuantas flores terceras, fecundas de frutos de virtud y religión, cultivó y fijo en el cielo de la Santa Iglesia la venerable Orden Tercera de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, és el títol de l’obra que el carmelita aragonès Roque Alberto Faci (1684-1744) va publicar el 1743. El llibre és un tractat per als membres de la tercera ordre del Carmel en què trobem diverses biografies de terciàries carmelites. El que pretendrem a partir de l’anàlisi de la obra i les biografies, és fixar el paper de les terciàries al món carmelita. Per això, analitzarem l’objectiu de l’autor tenint en compte la religiositat i espiritualitat del segle XVIII i la projecció de la Il·lustració. Paraules clau: Carmel, Dones, Religiositat, Seglar, Terciaris Abstract: Carmelo Esmaltado con tantas brillantes estrelles, cuantas flores terceras, fecundas de frutos de virtud y religión, cultivó y fijo en el cielo de la Santa Iglesia la venerable Orden Tercera de Nuestra Señora del Carmen, is the title of the book wrote by the aragonian carmelite Roque Alberto Faci (1684-1744) published in 1743. The issue is a treaty for the members of the Third Order of Carmel where we can find several biographies of the carmelites woman of third order. What we pretend by analyzing their work and biography is to set the role of the woman of the third order in the world Carmel. For that, we aimed copyright considering religiosity and spirituality of the eighteenth century and the projection of the Enlightenment. Keywords: Carmel, Woman, Religiosity, Secular, Tertiary
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Hartman, Michelle. "“Zahra’s Uncle, or Where Are Men in Women’s War Stories?”." Journal of Arabic Literature 51, no. 1-2 (April 6, 2020): 83–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064x-12341401.
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Abstract Scholarship in modern Arabic literary studies has treated the literature of the Lebanese Civil War, particularly novels written by women, in some depth. One of the most important texts used in both scholarship and teaching about this war is Ḥanān al-Shaykh’s Ḥikāyat Zahrah, translated as The Story of Zahra. This article focuses specifically on the one chapter in the novel narrated from the point of view of the protagonist’s uncle in order to explore how the English translation dramatically changes a number of elements in the original text. It uses insights from translation studies to show how significant changes to the novel in translation produce a text that serves particular ideological functions in English, consistent with a horizon of expectations that constructs Arab women as oppressed and passive victims of war. The article analyzes specific translation choices—most notably the extensive editing out of words, sentences, and passages—to demonstrate how the character of Zahrah’s uncle is changed in English and depicted as an unsavory and abusive man with little background, context, or history that would help the reader to better understand the character’s actions and motivations. It also shows how cutting out elements of the uncle’s story serves to depoliticize the text in English, divesting it of its local political context and changing its meaning and function as a novel about the Lebanese Civil War. The article is grounded in postcolonial, feminist translation studies, especially those dealing with Arabic fiction, to argue that the English-language novel The Story of Zahra functions within an ideological field that recycles stereotypes and tropes about Arab women. It will propose that the translation changes here depict Arab men against Arab women, rather than in relation to them, and subordinate the analysis of politics and communal relations to a more individual and individualized story of one exceptional woman.
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Cherkunova, Marina V. "Expressive matrix of small format metatexts of modern Englsih scientific discourse." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, no. 25 (2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-148-155.
Full textAbstract:
This paper investigates the category of expressivity in contemporary English scientific discourse. In particular, metatexts representing scientific articles in the international citations databases, namely Scopus and WoS, are analyzed. The aforesaid metatexts, including the title of the publication and the abstract to it, are treated as secondary small format units which represent a complete semantic replica of the original full-text version of the article retaining its basic functional and pragmatic characteristics. Objectivity, clarity of expression and lack of subjective modality are traditionally perceived as the key features of written scientific communication. At the same time, the argumentative nature of scientific discourse is supposed to bring about the language means of expressing one’s personal position and affecting the addressee. Thus, this paper aims to elicit the expressive means typical of scientific small format metatexts, and to shape them into an expressivity matrix. With the help of stylistic and discourse analysis, the expressive means ofdifferent linguistic layers are selected. Further on, due to the quantitative analysis the hierarchy of expressive means is determined on all the levels of the language system. In the final stage of the analysis the data is systematized into a matrix of scientific metatexts expressivity means. The acquired data prompt a conclusion that the scientific metatexts are characterized by a specific system of linguistic expressive means. The central position in this system is occupied by the lexical means, mainly by the evaluative adjectives. The second place is taken by the tropes, especially metaphor. The means of expressive syntax are on the periphery of the expressivity matrix, as well as the expressive means of the graphical character. The acquired results contribute to the understanding of the dynamic processes that the category of expressivity is undergoing in the contemporary scientific discourse; also they can be of practical use for those intending to publish their scientific works in the international high-rating scientific editions.
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Meyers, Jeffrey Benjamin. "Toward a Post-Apocalyptic Rule of Law." Laws 10, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10030065.
Full textAbstract:
This paper considers how science fiction, and the subgenres of speculative historicism and futurism in particular, might open legal discourse to hitherto unseen and potentially instructive perspectives. It begins with the proposition that recent historical events of global significance such as the election of Donald Trump in 2016, the outbreak of the Covid19 pandemic of 2020, and the extreme weather events of 2021, were widely predicted and foreseen in the media by way of political reporting as much as popular social and natural science reporting in the years and decades prior. The same tropes were also present in the plotlines of popular literature, television, and film during that period. The central argument of the paper is that before media pundits and policy-makers expressed their surprise at the fragility of the Rule of Law in the “unprecedented” ascent of Trump, the lethal capacity and transmissibility of a “novel” coronavirus, and the “sudden” arrival of climate change in the daily lives of North Americans and Europeans, the spectre of these menaces had already penetrated our collective conscious in a way that ought to have changed outcomes. Neil Postman’s conceptualization of the present epoch as “Technopoly” is a means of explaining how, despite ample warnings, we were not ready for much. Technopoly refers to the historical present as the historical moment in which the technocratic capacity of individuals, states, and markets to respond to existential problems is hindered by information overload, e.g., the threat to the Rule of Law presented by an outgoing American President who refuses to accept the verdict of the electorate; the threat to public health posed by persistent vaccine misinformation and inequitable global vaccine distribution; and, the threat posed to our collective habitat by extreme climate events. The paper concludes that fiction is a powerful potential antidote to the numbing effects of information overload in Technopoly if it is treated seriously as a source of normative authority rather than dismissed as pure diversion.
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Raczek-Karcz, Marta Anna. "Sztuka wobec antropocenu – wybrane strategie artystyczne." Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, no. 1 (47) (2021): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.21.006.13460.
Full textAbstract:
Art and the Anthropocene – Selected Artistic Strategies The article presents an analysis of the artistic projects of three graphic artists who for nearly a decade have been trying to illustrate the causes and effects of the Anthropocene in various ways. Each of the authors in question uses a separate language of forms and different artistic tools, but their common goal is to establish, as Angelos Koutsourakis excellently put it, “dialectical representation of the Anthropocene” based on “self-reflexive representational tropes”. This self-reflexivity is not about constantly reminding that what is in front of the viewer’s eyes and what he/she experiences when entering the space of the installation is an artistic construction, but to sensitize him/her to the fact that what he/she looks at and participates in – both through form and the content – is a way of representing the causes that produce specific effects and the effects behind which specific processes lie. In the case of Sean Caulfield, it is about making the viewer aware of the cumulative effect of individual actions, which, when depicted in the form of a gradually destroyed installation, direct attention to individual acts causing global changes. On the other hand, Angela Snieder sensitizes the viewer to the influence that the historical conditions shaping the production processes influenced the way people perceive nature. The artist uses the visual attractiveness of the dioramas to blur the border between what is natural and what is industrial, ultimately confronting the viewer with the artificiality of the created reality. While Ellen Karin Maehlum raises the problem of connection between histories often treated separately: human and natural. The organisms shown by her are creations in which natural factors and those resulting from human influence on the environment combine with each other. Recognizing this fact allows us to consider natural and human history as interconnected vessels and realms that interact with each other. The article analyzes the strategies used by these artists to establish an engaging dialogue between them and the viewers, which may result in awakening the viewers’ awareness of the complex causes and effects of the Anthropocene.