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1
Gillie, Martin, Tim Stratford, Luke Bisby, and Alison Furber. "Trebuchets and Bridges: Reconnecting Structural Education with the Real World." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 140, no. 2 (April 2014): 02513003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ei.1943-5541.0000185.
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Myers, Phillipa. "Design It! Design Engineering in After School Programs (2002), and Explore It! Science Investigations in Out-of-School Programs (2006)." Journal of Youth Development 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2011.203.
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Science programming can be daunting for after school educators and para-educators. These two resources insure science is fun for both youth and educators! Design It! Design Engineering in After School Programs (2002), and Explore It! Science Investigations in Out-of-School Programs (2006) encourage the love of science learning through an exploratory format that is grounded in cooperative learning. Each of the two programs contain multiple projects using readily available and affordable materials. Design It! includes project topics such as Gliders, Spinning Toys, and Trebuchets. Explore It! includes project topics such as Wiring a House, Soda Science, and Balancing Toys.
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Herber, Daniel, Anand Deshmukh, Marlon Mitchell, and James Allison. "Project-Based Curriculum for Teaching Analytical Design to Freshman Engineering Students via Reconfigurable Trebuchets." Education Sciences 6, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci6010007.
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redden, elizabeth. "Where Pumpkins Fly." Gastronomica 10, no. 4 (2010): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2010.10.4.21.
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At the World Championship Punkin Chunkin, you're supposed to throw your food. The contestants hurl pumpkins, the winning team being the one that throws a pumpkin the longest distance. In advance of the competition, which attracts tens of thousands of spectators and happens each November in a field outside Bridgeville, Delaware, contestants construct elaborate chunking machines——including air cannons, catapults, and trebuchets. Contestants also scavenge pumpkin patches in search of ideal, 8-to-10 pound specimen——typically of the Calabaza, Casper, or Lumina varieties——for purposes of ““chunking.”” This article, published on occasion of the Punkin Chunkin's twenty-fifth anniversary, details festival happenings in 2009, when an air cannon called Big 10 Inch took the world title with a throw of 4,162.65 feet. A mile-long throw remains the elusive goal of Punkin Chunkers everywhere. The World Championship Punkin Chunkin is a boisterous annual celebration of fall foods and the harvest, rural culture, and machinery.
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Galliott, Jai. "War 2.0." International Journal of Technoethics 7, no. 2 (July 2016): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2016070104.
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Technology has always allowed agents of war to separate themselves from the harm that they or their armed forces inflict, with spears, bows and arrows, trebuchets, cannons, firearms and other modern weaponry, all serving as examples of technologies that have increased the distance between belligerents and supposedly made warfare less sickening than the close-quarters combat of the past. However, this paper calls into question the extent to which new military technologies actually mitigate the savagery of war. It contends that with the introduction of technologies that eliminate the need for a human presence on the battlefield, we are the cusp of a major revolution in warfare that presents new challenges and questions for military technoethics, namely as to how soldiers should conduct themselves and fight justly, if they are to do so at all. Ultimately, it argues that only way to address these issues is through the design of the mediating technologies themselves, which is by no means an easy task.
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Yong, Luo, and Li Shenghua. "An Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Purchase Intention of Mobile Shopping." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5491.
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<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Based on the theory of Flow experience, this thesis combines the theory of perceived value with the theory of customer innovation, and constructs </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">the influencing factor model of Smartphone users’ </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">purchase intention. The paper aims to understand <span style="font-size: xx-small;">the impact of Flow experience in the intention </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">of mobile shopping in China. To address this, an </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">empirical study with 430 subjects was carried </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">out. It collected the data by questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale, and used SPSS.22.0 and AMOS.21 to encode and analysis the data by the </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">method of factor analysis, descriptive statistics </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">and structural equation modeling. The results indicate that flow experience has a significant </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">positive effect on the purchase intention of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">mobile shopping, and customer innovation has a direct effect on flow experience which in turn </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">impacts purchase intention. Furthermore, this </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">study also reveals that perceived value influence mobile shopping deeply. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><strong>Key words: </strong></span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Mobile shopping </span></span></p>
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Folch, Dolors. "Martín de Rada’s Book Collection." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5485.
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<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">This article will explore the library of the most important of the 16th century Manila based Augustinians, fray Martin de Rada, a well known cosmographer, mathematician and astronomer. </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">After spending more than five years in Mexico, </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">and ten in the Philippines, in 1575 he was </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">assigned to the first Spanish expedition to China and wrote a highly influential </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Relación </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">about it. From his own letters —14 of them extant—, the letters of his contemporaries about Rada —from </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Manila, Mexico and Spain—, and the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Relación </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">his fellow traveler to China, Miguel de Loarca, </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">we are able to disentangle his main intellectual interests and the contents of his library: what he </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">wrote —both in Mexico and Asia—, the significance of the scientific works that he took with him to Asia, the importance of the Chinese maps with <span style="font-size: xx-small;">which he worked while in Manila —before and </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">after his travel to China—, what books he bought in China and what use did he make of them, and </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">the last works in which he was working before </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">his death. This gives Rada a strong intellectual profile that has to be compared with that of his </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">contemporary, the Jesuit Matteo Ricci. </span></span></span></p>
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Yuchen, Zhang. "The Origin of the Concept “Tianxia” in the Political Ideological Configuration of Traditional China." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5489.
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<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The concept "Tianxia" (All-under-Heaven) could be a parallel concept of the "Empire" in the </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">West, which also allows a better understanding of the Chinese history with its own political language. This concept not only serves to </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">legitimize the dominion of the Tianzi (Son of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">God Heaven) in China, but also makes possible a </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">political internalization instead of the territorial expansion in the East Asian area. The "Heaven" (or </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Sky) is fundamental to understand the revolution </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">of power in Ancient China, with the various </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">meanings in which it has been interpreted. This </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">is finally recognized as the supreme god, that the <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Tianzi inherited and obtained dominion over the </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">corresponding earth. However, with the divine and ethical nature of Heaven, the dominator is </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">required to have the virtue and good execution of power to keep the authorization in hand. With this text, the origin and the main development of the Tianxia system are revealed as the legitimizing </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">regime of Chinese politics. </span></span></span></p>
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Yanan, Xie. "The Indissoluble Bound with Sinology: An Interview with Professor Pedro San Ginés Aguilar from the University of Granada, Spain." Sinología hispánica 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v4i1.5274.
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<strong><strong></strong></strong><p align="LEFT">Pedro San Ginés Aguilar</p><strong></strong><p align="LEFT">Profesor de la Universidad de Granada y doctor en Filología románica.</p><p align="LEFT">Estuvo Licenciado en estudios chinos por la Universidad de París 8 (1976) y</p><p align="LEFT">fue ex director del Instituto Confucio de la UGR, y también es Asesor del</p><p align="LEFT">Instituto Confucio de la UGR. Desempeña el cargo de Director del Grupo de</p><p align="LEFT">Investigación de estudios Asiáticos GIDEA – ex coordinador del Foro de</p><p align="LEFT">Estudios asiáticos (FEIAP), además de ser Coordinador del Grado chino en el</p><p align="LEFT">Grado de Lenguas Modernas y sus Literaturas. Es Presidente de la</p><p align="LEFT">Asociación Andaluza Asia y Director de la colección interlingua de la</p><p align="LEFT">editorial Comares de Granada y Director de la colección de Estudios</p><p><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">Asiáticos de la misma editorial. Las obras publicadas incluyen </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;">Cruce de</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><em>miradas, relaciones e intercambios</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;">Introducción a la traducción jurídica y</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><em>jurada</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;">La investigación sobre Asia pacífico en España</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;">Planteamientos</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: medium;"><em>generales de la traducción</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">, etc.</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><strong>Entrevistado</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">: Pedro San Ginés Aguilar</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><strong>Entrevistadora</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">: Xie Yanan</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><strong>Fecha de la entrevista</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">: el 3 de abril de 2016</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><strong>Lugar de la entrevista</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">: Universidad de Granada</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Bold; font-size: medium;"><strong>Objetivo de la entrevista</strong></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: medium;">: el comienzo de enseñanza de chino en</span></span></p><p>Granada</p>
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Heng, Shen. "Experience the Truth According to Heart: An Analysis of Kien Minagawa’s Reflection Sixth in the Abstract of Inquiry and Study." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5412.
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<p align="LEFT"> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">Kien Minagawa is a Sinologist in Japanese Tokchon middle age. </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Abstract of Inquiry and Study </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">is the learning principal of Kien Minagawa, which containing Six Clauses and Thirty Subclauses. </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Reflection is the last step of Six Clauses, and it is </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">not only the end and summary of the article, but </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">also the beginning of learning. Reflection contains </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">three stages: observing, thinking and practise, which depend on each other. The three stages of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Reflection are the study of the subtle relationship </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">between knowledge and practice, and also the learning for oneself.</span></p>
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Folch, Dolors. "Crime and Prejudice: Ming Criminal Justice as Seen in 16th Century Spanish Sources." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5404.
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<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">González de Mendoza’s book on China, </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">published in 1585, compiled all the first narratives about China, both Portuguese and Spanish. It contains a highly positive account of Ming criminal </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">justice in which he emphasizes those elements </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">of Chinese justice that deeply contrasts with contemporary Spanish and Mexican practices: the legal and public frame of torture, the public questioning of witnesses, the multilayered revisions of penalties, the public placing of the monetary fines, and the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">mise en scène </span></span></em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">of the </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">death </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">penalty. He insistently highlights the strict control upon every layer of officers and inferior ministers through a double procedure of rewards </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">and punishments that guarantees the high standing of Chinese officials, an appraisal that Montaigne would pick up in his extremely rare allusions to China. At the same time, González de Mendoza, a thorough admirer of father Las Casas, the defender of Indians, decided to omit from his sources those elements that could provide the hardliners with arguments, the </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">just title</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">, to confront China, such as the nefandous sin witnessed by Loarca and the death by a thousand cuts described by Dueñas.</span></p>
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Yiping, Liu. "Korean Dynasty Confucian Li Huang and Han Yuanzhen’s Contribution on Zhu Xi’s Ritual Study." Sinología hispánica 2, no. 1 (June 13, 2016): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v2i1.5254.
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<p align="LEFT">The Confucians in the era of Korean Dynasty</p><p align="LEFT">have inherited and developed Zhu Xi’s ritual</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">study. Li Huang, composed </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Shengxue Shitu </span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">based</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">on </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Jin Si Lu</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">, aiming at pursuing prudence and</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">morality, and putting them into practice, had</p><p align="LEFT">great impact on the development of</p><p align="LEFT">Confucianism in Korean Dynasty. Han Yuanzhen</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">regarded </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Yili Jingzhuan Tongjie </span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">as the second</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">ritual composition made by Confucians after</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">Zhougong, and developed it into </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Yili Jingzhuan</span></span></em></p><em></em><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><em>Tongjie Bu </em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">based on Zhu Xi’s way</span></span><span style="font-family: DengXian-Regular; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: DengXian-Regular; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">，</span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">attempting</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">at converting the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Yili Jingzhuan Tongjie </span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">into</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">ritual classics of the era. Li Huang’s development</p><p align="LEFT">of Zhu Xi’s ritual spirit is the localization of</p><p align="LEFT">Confucianism and Zhu Xi’s theory. And Han</p><p align="LEFT">Yuanzhen’s development of annotation of Zhu</p><p align="LEFT">Xi’s theory is the Korean Dynasty Confucians’</p><p>answer to the public issues of Confucianism.</p>
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Meijun, Luo. "Dynamic Evolution of the Type of “meideshuo” Discourse Marker and Its Metapragmatic Functions." Sinología hispánica 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v4i1.5270.
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<p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">A type of “</span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">meideshuo</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">” discourse markers</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">contains three subtypes: “</span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">meideshuo</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">”,</span></span></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">“</span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">meihuashuo</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">”, and “</span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">meishuode</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">”. From the</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">point of view of semantic-pragmatics, this type</p><p align="LEFT">of discourse markers evolves dynamically from</p><p align="LEFT">the meaning of “no words to say” to “positive</p><p align="LEFT">meaning”, and finally evolves to a discourse</p><p align="LEFT">marker. The metapragmatic functions of the</p><p align="LEFT">discourse markers are new information focused,</p><p align="LEFT">proposition affirmed, and communicative</p><p align="LEFT">purpose predicted. The process of the discourse</p><p align="LEFT">marker evolution is not only the process of</p><p align="LEFT">lexicalization and grammaticalization, but also</p><p align="LEFT">the process of intersubjectification. The</p><p align="LEFT">pragmatic extensions and semantic entailment</p><p align="LEFT">are contributed to function as motivations for</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">the dynamic evolution of “</span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">meideshuo</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">”</span></span></p><p>discourse markers.</p>
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Hernández, Emilio. "Review of the Concept of wu wei (无为): Its Relationship with Anarchism and Soft Power." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5409.
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<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Through the analysis of different classical texts of Chinese literature, this article aims to carry out a review of the Taoist concept of </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">wu wei </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">and to make an approximation to the relationship between Taoism’s political conception and current anarchism. The article discusses, also from this review, the links between basic behavior and Taoist attitude and leadership and the concept of soft power that govern international relations today. Getting to understand and internalize the </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">definition and principles of leadership </span></span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">wu wei</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">, could help society to form leaders who face and</span> <span style="font-size: xx-small;">manage conflicts better: with more reflection and </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">patience and achieve, with a Taoist leadership management, of its strength and of its soft power, a more balanced and harmonious world.</span></span></p>
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Edwards, J., M. Laskowski, T. I. Baskin, N. Mitchell, and B. DeMeo. "The Role of Water in Fast Plant Movements." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 1525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz081.
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Abstract Plants moved onto land ∼450 million years ago and faced their biggest challenge: living in a dry environment. Over the millennia plants have become masters of regulating water flow and the toolkit they have developed has been co-opted to effect rapid movements. Since plants are rooted, these fast movements are used to disperse reproductive propagules including spores, pollen, and seeds. We compare five plants to demonstrate three ways, used alone or in combination, that water powers rapid movements: the direct capture of the kinetic energy of a falling raindrop propels gemmae from the splash cups of the liverwort, Marchantia; the loss of water powers the explosive dispersal of the spores of Sphagnum moss; the alternate loss and gain of water in the bilayer of the elaters of Equisetum drive the walk, jump, and glide of spores; the gain of water in the inner layer of the arils of Oxalis drive the eversion of the aril that jettisons seeds from the capsule; and the buildup of turgor pressure in the petals and stamens of bunchberry dogwood (Cornus canadensis) explosively propels pollen. Each method is accompanied by morphological features, which facilitate water movement as a power source. The urn shaped splash cups of Marchantia allow dispersal of gemmae by multiple splashes. The air gun design of Sphagnum capsules results in a symmetrical impulse creating a vortex ring of spores. The elaters of Equisetum can unfurl while they are dropping from the plant, so that they capture updrafts and glide to new sites. The arils of Oxalis are designed like miniature toy “poppers.” Finally, in bunchberry, the softening of stamen filament tissue where it attaches to the anther allows them to function as miniature hinged catapults or trebuchets.
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Herranz Martín, Manuel. "The Practice of the “Inclusive Care Policy” of Mohism." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5487.
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<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">This paper aims at contextualizing historically some parts of the </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Mò biàn, </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">the dialectical part of the </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Mòz</span></span></em><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">ǐ</span></span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">, </span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">attributed to the later mohist school or Neo-Mohism. We will try to get a deeper understanding of two texts by linking them with the world view and circumstances of the time.</span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Before going into those texts, first we will briefly </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">review some aspects of today´s interpretation of the Mohist doctrine and compare the experience of the Mohism in China with its Western counterparts, the Cynic and Stoic Schools of Thought, since both shared Cosmopolitanism at the core of their doctrines. We will conclude that the circumstances preventing the implementation of Cosmopolitanism or the Universal Love policy as proposed by the mohists have been removed by the globalization allowing the possibility of this policy to be carried out.</span></p>
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Chevedden, Paul E., Les Eigenbrod, Vernard Foley, Werner Soedel, and Vernard Foley. "The Trebuchet." Scientific American 273, no. 1 (July 1995): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0795-66.
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Terol Rojo, Gabriel. "A Brief Study of German Sinology Origins and the Dissemination of Daoism." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5405.
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<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The dissemination of Daoism in the West is a process that, although it begins late and slow, will lead to the great interest that this way of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">thinking has finally awakened, not only in the academic field, but also in some popular media. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></span><p>In order to clarify the history of the Western study of Chinese doctrine, the present article reviews the contribution of what we call the</p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></span><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">German sinology until the mid-twentieth century to focus the contribution of the Germanic works. </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">With the recognition that the first works in </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">German language on the Daoism are due to the Austrian sinologist and Japanese scholar August </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Pfitzmaier, we review the history of sinology in </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Germany highlighting authors and summarizing their biographies, works and Daoist contributions: Andreas Müller, for his </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Clavis Sinica</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">; Christian Mentzel, engaged in linguistic works; Gottlieb Bayer, for his </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Museum Sinicum in quo Sinicæ linguæ et litteraturæ ratio explicatur</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">; Julius </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Klaproth, the first German to excel in modern </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">sinology and Georg von der Gabelentz, for his pioneering </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Beiträge zur chinesischen Grammatik, die Sprache des Chuang-Tsi</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">. From the eighteenth century and with the beginnings of Sino-German relations: Ernst Faber, the undisputed Richard Wilhelm and Otto Franke. In the second half of the twentieth century, there was a resurgence of sinological studies throughout Germany, where the war had stopped these activities and had forced numerous renowned specialists such as Ernest Julius Walter Simon and Erich Haenisch to escape.</span></p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></span><p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">July 2017</span></p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></p><p>October 2017</p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></p><p>Received:</p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></p><p>Accepted:</p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span></p><p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The dissemination of Daoism in the West is a process that, although it begins late and slow, will lead to the great interest that this way of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">thinking has finally awakened, not only in the academic field, but also in some popular media. </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">In order to clarify the history of the Western study of Chinese doctrine, the present article reviews the contribution of what we call the </span></p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">1 </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Esta investigación formó parte del trabajo doctoral realizado por el autor dentro del programa ofi</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">cial de doctorado de la Facultad de Filosofía de la Universidad de Valencia (España), "Razón, Lenguaje e Historia" (627 165F).</span></p><p> </p>
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Ramírez Ruiz, Raúl. "Neto and Giadán: The Last Two Spanish in the Qing Dynasty." Sinología hispánica 4, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v4i1.5266.
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<p align="LEFT">The present article examines the claim that</p><p align="LEFT">Manuel Giadán Ruiz and Jose Antonio Neto</p><p align="LEFT">González, Copper foundry workers, former</p><p align="LEFT">employees of Rio Tinto Company Limited in</p><p align="LEFT">Huelva, against the Government of the Republic</p><p align="LEFT">of China in 1912 for breach of contract of the</p><p align="LEFT">Imperial Copper Works. This enterprise was</p><p align="LEFT">owned by the Gansu Provincial Government.</p><p align="LEFT">Through this claim we can observe the causes of</p><p align="LEFT">the failure of the modernization attempts</p><p align="LEFT">carried out by the “Westernization Movement”</p><p align="LEFT">in late Qing times; and also we can see the</p><p align="LEFT">causes of frustration of Xinhai Revolution and</p><p>the beginnings of the Republic of China. In</p><p align="LEFT">particular, the “Neto and Giadan Claim” shows</p><p align="LEFT">how the nascent Republic of China is unable to</p><p align="LEFT">shake off the exploitation to which China was</p><p align="LEFT">subject by the colonial powers. In fact, through</p><p align="LEFT">this case, we see how the Republic of China was</p><p align="LEFT">forced to yield to the economic claims of any</p><p align="LEFT">European country, even to Spain, which at that</p><p align="LEFT">time lacked the coercive or military capacity to</p><p align="LEFT">impose its wishes on China. For the writing of this</p><p align="LEFT">article, we have used original documentation</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">from </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The Archive of Administration</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">, </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><em>Archive of National History</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">; </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The Archive of</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><em>Historical Miner of Red River Fundation</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">; </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><em>Archive of Huelva Province</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">; </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">Archivo of Huelva</span></span></em></p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><em>Diocesan, and The Archive Nerva Municipal</em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">. We</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">have supplemented this documentation with</p><p align="LEFT">the Belgian Foreign Ministry Archive and the</p><p align="LEFT">personal archives of Belgian “technicians” led</p><p align="LEFT">by "Belgian Mandarin" Paul Splingaerd and his</p><p align="LEFT">son Alphonse. They were the managers of the</p><p align="LEFT">industrialization process of Gansu Province</p><p>launched by the Taotai of Lanzhou Peng Yingjia.</p>
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Ruiz, Miriam. "Chinese Customs Regulations on Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Growth Opportunity for Foreign Enterprises and Chinese Commercial Platforms." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5492.
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<p>The fast improvement of communications since 1980´s has sped up the way of world-wide consumption. The embrace of globalization and all the changes and improvements that come with it, such as new technologies, faster and more accessible routes and ways of transportation, have created a new way to sell and buy goods named electronic commerce or e-commerce.<span style="font-size: xx-small;">This new way of commerce was officially adopted </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">in May, 1998 in the Declaration on Global Electronic Commerce of the Second Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, which recognizes the growth of this new way of trade and the new opportunities it brings with. Since then, the term of electronic commerce, or e-commerce, is understood as to mean the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means</span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">. Even if today e-commerce is not a new subject, we can say it has become a popular and stable way of consumption, job, and income source, not only for the seller and buyer, but also for all the intermediaries involved in the process. In this article, the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce and its implication on Chinese Customs legislations and commercial platforms will be analyze by noting their main characteristics and the challenges shared for development, as well as the effects they generate among consumers, enterprises and the government. </span></span></p>
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Volpe, Marco. "International ENGOs in China: a Significant Presence and a Fast-Changing Reality." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5413.
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<p align="LEFT"> </p><p> </p><p>Received:</p><p>Revised:</p><p>Accepted:</p><em></em><p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><em>Sinologia Hispanica</em></span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">, </span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">China Studies Review,</span></span></em></p><em></em><p>5, 2 (2017), pp. 113-148</p><p>September 2017</p><p>November 2017</p><p>Devember 2017</p><p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The paper examines the impact that international ENGOs have had on Chinese environment situation and the implication of the Law of People’s Republic of China on the Administration of the Activities of Overseas Nongovernmental Organisations in Mainland China. </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">Based on the review of historical profile </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">of NGOs and their enhanced role within the international politics, the paper analyzes China’s leadership evolutionary behaviour in international climate change conferences and investigates the international ENGOs’ current status, strategies and projects in China. The paper argues that international ENGOs have had a positive, even if limited, impact in protecting Chinese environment and in supporting Chinese civil society to emerge and strengthening the public participation and awareness. It also argues that, the implementation of the new law certainly puts international NGOs under higher scrutiny; however, further implications are, to date, only partially predictable.</span></p><p align="JUSTIFY"> </p>
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Ríos, Xulio. "The Belt and Road Initiative: An Opportunity for Spain." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5493.
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<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><strong>"</strong></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">The Belt and Road</span></span><strong><span style="font-size: xx-small;">" </span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Arial; font-size: xx-small;">initiative </span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">is the most ambitious international project promoted by the current Chinese leadership. They have weighed internal and external variables in order to launch it. The project covers countries that represent 70% of the world’s population and produce 55% of the global GDP. Spain is part of the initiative, in both versions, by sea and by land. Spain's involvement in the Silk Road initiative must be essential for the turning point that requires the new time of bilateral relations, which is called to overcome the current apathy. Being sidelined will dangerously worsen the peripheral position that Spain already has within China's relations with Europe.</span></span></p>
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Pinchao, Lu. "A Pragma-Dialectical Study of Personal Attack in China-Related Letters to the Editorof The New York Times." Sinología hispánica 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v3i2.5262.
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<p align="LEFT">This article under the research framework</p><p align="LEFT">of pragma-dialectics, analyses the use of personal</p><p align="LEFT">attacks in the China-related Letters to the</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">Editor of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The New York Times</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">, and evaluates its</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">reasonableness. The research results show that</p><p align="LEFT">the personal attacks in the China-related Letters</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">to the Editor of </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The New York Times </span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">can be</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">mainly classified into three subtypes: the abusive</p><p align="LEFT">variant (insult others), the circumstantial variant</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">(suspect motives) and the </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">tu quoque </span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">(you also).</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">Both reasonable and unreasonable use of personal</p><p align="LEFT">attack are identified. The unreasonable use of</p><p align="LEFT">personal attack is mainly caused by: (1) the use</p><p align="LEFT">of personal attack prevents the opponents from</p><p align="LEFT">casting doubts or proposing his or her</p><p align="LEFT">standpoint; (2) the use of personal attack has</p><p align="LEFT">deficiency or even is invalid in logic, failing in</p><p align="LEFT">the examination of critical questions. On</p><p align="LEFT">account of this, the related discourse subjects</p><p align="LEFT">in similar kind of discourse practice, should: (1)</p><p align="LEFT">design their arguments reasonably according to</p><p align="LEFT">the code of conduct of critical discussion (Ten</p><p align="LEFT">Commandments); (2) consider the audience as</p><p>an extremely rigor one, making sure that the</p><p align="LEFT">argument can pass any critical examination,</p><p align="LEFT">and so the rational and responsible figure of the</p><p>proponents can be guaranteed.</p>
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Shanping, Fan. "Cognitive Problems in the Oral Chinese Expression of Spanish- Speaking Students: Analysis on the Production of Pauses." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5494.
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<p>For the native speaker, the pause is an essential part of oral communication and has several functions such as indicating the turns between interlocutors, specifying the meaning in an ambiguous expression or marking the phonic or syntactical boundaries. However, in<span style="font-size: xx-small;">foreigner´s spontaneous discourse the pause is, </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">otherwise, a sign of non-fluency which usually </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">indicates cognitive problems. Based on Levelt’s "Speaking" Model, the present article aims to </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">find out the cognitive problems of the Spanish-</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">speaking students of intermediate and advanced level of Chinese in spontaneous discourse through analyzing the characteristics manifested in the production of pauses. The results show that advanced students have fewer breaks than mid-level students; the total duration of breaks is shorter; the average length of speech is longer and the average of speed is longer. But there is still distance to reach the natives in the mentioned parameters. In addition, those results of the distribution of the breaks reveal that the middle level students pay much attention to the formulation and articulation of short sentences while the advanced ones face problems in the organization of long sentences and therefore they must also pay attention to the self-monitoring. </span></p>
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Jinjing, Xu. "Probe into the Origin of Personal Pronoun “朕” (zhèn)." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5411.
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<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">In Chinese, "</span><span style="font-family: ..e..Þ..,..e..r..; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: ..e..Þ..,..e..r..; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">朕</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">" (</span><em><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">zhèn</span></span></em><span style="font-size: xx-small;">) is a very special personal pronoun. Since the First Emperor of Qín, in the long history of two thousand years in China, it has always existed as the privilege pronoun of the emperor. So, why two thousand years ago, before the emperor to set the word, but not other words? The word "</span><span style="font-family: ..e..Þ..,..e..r..; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: ..e..Þ..,..e..r..; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">朕</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">" has any special meaning and role? This article attempts to analyze the use of the Chinese characters in Oracle and concludes the results of the reconstructions of Old Chinese in recent years. This article attempts to analyze the use of the Chinese characters in Oracle and concludes the results of the reconstructions of Old Chinese in recent years. It is preliminarily thought that the character "</span><span style="font-family: ..e..Þ..,..e..r..; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: ..e..Þ..,..e..r..; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">朕</span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">" represented by the Chinese characters are not just the forms of </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">first-person pronouns, but two: one for the first-<span style="font-size: xx-small;">person pronouns are qualified, the other for the first-person pronouns contrastive form. At the same time, we try to propose two suffixes */</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,Times New Roman; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">ɯ</span></span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">/ and */m/.</span></span></span></span></p>
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Yingqiu, Ma. "A Pragma-Dialectical Approach to Critical Media Discourse Analysis: A Case Study of an Editorial in The Washington Post." Sinología hispánica 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v3i2.5263.
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<p align="LEFT">Based on the research framework of</p><p align="LEFT">Pragma-Dialectics, the study analyses and</p><p align="LEFT">evaluates an editorial about Alibaba’s Initial</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">Public Offering (IPO) in </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The Washington Post </span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">to</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">develop a pragma-dialectical approach to critical</p><p align="LEFT">media discourse analysis. The approach consists</p><p align="LEFT">of four interrelated parts: reconstruction of</p><p align="LEFT">argumentation, analysis of strategic maneuvering,</p><p align="LEFT">evaluation of reasonableness and social criticism</p><p align="LEFT">on the basis of specific social reality. The</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">research results show that </span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">The Washington Post</span></span></em></p><em></em><p align="LEFT">exerts different strategic maneuvering in the</p><p align="LEFT">whole argumentation process to convince its</p><p align="LEFT">audience, which mainly reflected in the</p><p align="LEFT">manipulation of potential topic, audience demand</p><p align="LEFT">and presentation means. In the case study,</p><p align="LEFT">strategic maneuvering is specifically supported</p><p align="LEFT">by the choice of starting points in the opening</p><p align="LEFT">stage and the design of argumentation structure</p><p align="LEFT">in the argumentation stage. Owing to the</p><p>influence from the editorial board’s political</p><p align="LEFT">stand and self-interest, it doesn’t balance the</p><p align="LEFT">reasonableness and effectiveness and therefore</p><p align="LEFT">some manipulations contain fallacious moves.</p><p align="LEFT">In order to prevent American investors to invest</p><p align="LEFT">Alibaba’s IPO, when using strategic maneuvering</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><em>The Washington Post </em></span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">violates freedom rule,</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">standpoint rule and argument scheme rule,</p><p align="LEFT">especially the application of argumentation</p><p align="LEFT">scheme for the relation of analogy and</p><p>argumentation scheme for a causal relation.</p>
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Deng, Pan. "Decentralization, Systematization and Coordination in the Legislation Process in China: How does a Project Become a Law?" Sinología hispánica 1, no. 6 (July 6, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i6.5488.
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<p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">This paper examines the allocation of the legislative authority of the People’s Republic of China between the central and local bodies. Given that the special administrative region system is the most characteristic, both in China and globally, a part is retained for the legislation of Hong Kong and Macao. Next, the paper analyzes the hierarchy of legal norms and the </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">method to resolve conflicts between legal norms. Finally, the registration system is discussed to avoid contravention between the lower level law and the higher level, also, the possibility of cancellation is mentioned.</span></span></p>
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Chunlin, Yao, and Tan Yingchun. "A Case Study on Traditional Folk Arts in a Rural Community of Jidong District: from Language and Culture Life Perspective." Sinología hispánica 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v5i2.5410.
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<p align="LEFT"> </p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">The current research studies the language and culture life in a rural community in </span></p><p><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Jidong area with the investigation methods of questionnaire and interview. It also analyses the vitality of traditional folk arts in the community. The investigation results show that the rural community is a diglossia community with the local Chinese dialect (LCD) and the Modern Standard Chinese (MSC) as its communicative tools. The two varieties complement and compete with each other. The former is the mother tongue and the main communicative language of the community members while the latter is a language variant </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">used by a few of the respondents in some specific </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">communication situations. Community members hold positive attitudes towards the two language varieties but from different perspectives. They view the LCD as a nice and cordial variety from emotional perspective, while the MSC as a useful language variety from instrumental perspective. TV program and modern music are the main cultural consumption goods in the community, which are performed by the MSC. The aforementioned information indicates that there is a trend that the MSC is replacing the LCD as the daily communication tool in the community with the MSC expanding its social functions. In this language circumstance, the social space of the local folk arts related to language is getting narrower and narrower. The investigation results show that only 15.6% of the respondents often listen to or watch traditional opera, while only 13.3% can perform the local traditional opera; In addition, most of those who listen to, watch or perform the local traditional opera are the elder </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS,Trebuchet MS; font-size: xx-small;">people. The aforementioned findings indicate </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">that the local folk arts are in the way of getting endangered. At the last part the study attempts to put forward some strategies of protecting and developing the local traditional folk arts.</span></p>
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Yamei, Li. "Teaching of Chinese Degree Adverb Synonymous with the Meaning of “very” for Occidental Students at the Beginning Level: A Case Study of Chinese Beginner in Yunnan Normal University." Sinología hispánica 4, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v4i1.5271.
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<p align="LEFT">This study focuses on one of the important</p><p align="LEFT">and difficult language points in teaching</p><p align="LEFT">Chinese as the second language, synonymous</p><p align="LEFT">degree adverbs in modern Chinese language,</p><p align="LEFT">aiming at the beginning level of occidental</p><p align="LEFT">students who excessively rely on their mother</p><p align="LEFT">tongue. The research has been done by</p><p align="LEFT">observing a group of typical adverbs with the</p><p align="LEFT">meaning of “very” in Chinese language, such as</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">"</span></span><em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS,Italic; font-size: xx-small;">feichang, shifen, hen, ting, ji</span></span></em><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">" in combination</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">with ontology and error analysis and classroom</p><p align="LEFT">testing. The paper explores the reasons and</p><p align="LEFT">types of errors, and designs the teaching plan</p><p align="LEFT">according to the testing results. Comparing the</p><p align="LEFT">testing results, it is suggested that compare</p><p align="LEFT">with error analysis, language testing combined</p><p align="LEFT">with inductive reasoning is more effective in</p><p align="LEFT">teaching synonymous degree adverbs in modern</p><p>Chinese language.</p>
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Alves, Tiago A. O., Leandro A. J. Marzulo, Felipe M. G. Franca, and Vitor Santos Costa. "Trebuchet: exploring TLP with dataflow virtualisation." International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture 3, no. 2/3 (2011): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijhpsa.2011.040466.
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Fulton, Michael S. "The Myth of the Hybrid Trebuchet." Viator 48, no. 2 (May 2017): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.viator.5.115976.
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Rick, John W. "Laying Siege to Parabolic Understanding." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 15, no. 4 (November 2009): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.15.4.0198.
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Khamisy, Rabei G., and Michael S. Fulton. "Manjanīq Qarābughā and Thirteenth-Century Trebuchet Nomenclature." Studia Islamica 111, no. 2 (November 11, 2016): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341338.
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O'Connell, James. "Dynamics of a medieval missile launcher: the trebuchet." Physics Teacher 39, no. 8 (November 2001): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.1424595.
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Chevedden, Paul E., Zvi Shiller, Samuel R., Donald J. Kagay, and Samuel R. Gilbert. "The Traction Trebuchet: A Triumph of Four Civilizations." Viator 31 (January 2000): 433–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.viator.2.300774.
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Constans, Eric. "A Lagrangian Simulation of the Floating-Arm Trebuchet." College Mathematics Journal 48, no. 3 (May 2017): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/college.math.j.48.3.179.
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Constans, Eric, and Aileen Constans. "Treb-Bot: Development and Use of a Trebuchet Simulator." Physics Teacher 53, no. 6 (September 2015): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4928348.
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Christo, Zenos. "Analysis of the optimum fulcrum position of a trebuchet." Physics Education 52, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 013010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/52/1/013010.
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Lucy, S. Deborah, John M. Kowalchuk, Richard L. Hughson, Donald H. Paterson, and David A. Cunningham. "Blunted Cardiac Autonomic Responsiveness to Hypoxemic Stress in Healthy Older Adults." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 28, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 518–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h03-040.
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Supine resting cardiac dynamics and responses to steady-state hypoxemia were investigated in six healthy older (59-72 yrs) adults using coarse-graining spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) and were compared to six young (22-29 yrs) adults studied previously (Lucy et al<normal + trebuchet ms char,12 pt char, black char, condensed by 0.05 pt char>.,</normal + trebuchet ms char,12 pt char, black char, condensed by 0.05 pt char> 2000). End-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) was clamped at 1-2 mmHg above the usual resting value for 11 min of euoxia (PETO2100 mmHg), followed by 22 min of hypoxia (PETO2 55 mmHg). During euoxia, vagally mediated harmonic and fractal power of HRV of older adults was minimal. Hypoxia induced an increase in ventilation, p < 0.01, and heart rate, p < 0.05. The heart rate increase (mean ± SE) of 0.23 ± 0.08 beats•min−1 per 1% decrease in arterial O2 saturation was 25% of that demonstrated previously by young subjects, p < 0.001. In older adults, HRV spectral power remained unchanged during hypoxia, providing further evidence of an age-related blunting of cardiac autonomic function. Key words: heart rate variability, coarse-graining spectral analysis, cardiac vagal control, acute isocapnic hypoxia, dynamic end-tidal forcing (DEF) technique
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Chevedden, Paul E. "The Invention of the Counterweight Trebuchet: A Study in Cultural Diffusion." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54 (2000): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1291833.
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Tarver, W. T. S. "The Traction Trebuchet: A Reconstruction of an Early Medieval Siege Engine." Technology and Culture 36, no. 1 (January 1995): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106344.
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Saimre, T. "TREBUCHET – A GRAVITY-OPERATED SIEGE ENGINE: A Study in Experimental Archaeology." Estonian Journal of Archaeology 10, no. 1 (2006): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/arch.2006.1.03.
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Peng, Wu, and Zhao Rui. "A Pragma-Dialectical Approach to Trade Friction Discourse: A Case Study of a Public Letter in Sino-US Trade Friction on Tire Special Safeguard." Sinología hispánica 3, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v3i2.5258.
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<p align="LEFT">Based on the analytical framework of</p><p align="LEFT">Strategic Maneuvering, this paper analyzes and</p><p align="LEFT">evaluates the public letter from China Chamber</p><p align="LEFT">of Commerce of Metals, Minerals & Chemicals</p><p align="LEFT">Importers & Exporters (CCCMC) and China Rubber</p><p align="LEFT">Industry Association (CRIA) to Obama and</p><p align="LEFT">United States Trade Representative (USTR) on</p><p align="LEFT">July 27th, 2009 to reveal the discursive</p><p align="LEFT">strategies and their corresponding linguistic</p><p align="LEFT">realizations manipulated in tire special safeguard</p><p align="LEFT">case. The research results show that, strategic</p><p align="LEFT">maneuvering in CCCMC & CRIA’s public letters</p><p align="LEFT">is integratedly realized through choice of topical</p><p align="LEFT">potential, catering for audience demands and</p><p>choice of presentational devices, which is</p><p align="LEFT">supported by such argumentative strategies as</p><p align="LEFT">presupposition, contrast, appeal to audience's</p><p align="LEFT">values, appeal to authority, vagueness,</p><p align="LEFT"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">repetition, statistics, appeal to opponent </span></span><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA"><span style="font-family: DengXian; font-size: xx-small;" lang="JA">’ </span></span><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: TrebuchetMS; font-size: xx-small;">s</span></span></p><p align="LEFT">concession, and the like. CCCMC & CRIA’s public</p><p align="LEFT">letter has its shortcomings in clarification of</p><p align="LEFT">difference of opinion in the confrontation stage,</p><p align="LEFT">in choice of starting in the opening stage, in</p><p align="LEFT">choice of topics in the argumentation stage and</p><p align="LEFT">in manipulation of such specific argumentativerhetoric</p><p align="LEFT">strategies as ‘contrast’ and ‘statistics’.</p><p align="LEFT">In view of China’s merits and deficiency, China</p><p align="LEFT">should: (1) clarify the confrontation, opening,</p><p align="LEFT">argumentation and concluding stages of the</p><p align="LEFT">argumentative discourse and flexibly set the</p><p align="LEFT">dialectic and rhetoric aims of these four stages</p><p align="LEFT">according to the context; (2) strategically</p><p align="LEFT">maneuver among topical potential, audience</p><p align="LEFT">demand and presentational devices, in line with</p><p align="LEFT">the established dialectic and rhetoric aims in</p><p align="LEFT">different argumentative stages; (3) recognize</p><p align="LEFT">the institutional context of trade friction</p><p align="LEFT">discourse and the importance of language</p><p>expression, and cultivate an assertive image.</p>
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Shintaro, Arakawa. "On the Design of a “Trebuchet” in the Tangut Manuscript of IOM, RAS." Written Monuments of the Orient 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/wmo25782-.
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Hennessey, Michael P., and Michael D. Johnson. "Design and Manufacture of a Museum-Grade Children's Indoor Trebuchet by Mechanical Engineering Students." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 38, no. 1 (January 2010): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijmee.38.1.3.
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Pereira de Mesquita, Antonio Celio, and Claudio Barbieri da Cunha. "Uma Heurística Integrada Baseada na Meta-Heurística Busca Dispersa para Problemas de Roteirização de Veículos com Coleta e Entrega Simultâneas no Contexto da Força Aérea Brasileira." TRANSPORTES 19, no. 1 (November 4, 2011): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v19i1.212.
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<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; panose-1:2 11 6 3 2 2 2 2 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} p.CM8, li.CM8, div.CM8 {mso-style-name:CM8; mso-style-next:Normal; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:20.9pt; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:none; mso-layout-grid-align:none; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Trebuchet MS"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Trebuchet MS";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="CM8" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de solução para um problema da Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB), que consiste em definir os roteiros de transporte com coleta e entrega simultâneas a partir de um terminal central localizado no Rio de Janeiro. É proposto um método de solução baseado na meta-heurística Busca Dispersa integrada com a meta-heurística Descida em Vizinhança Variável como método de melhoria de soluções. Esta proposta de solução foi aplicada em uma instância real do problema da FAB e em três conjuntos de problemas-teste da literatura, tendo apresentado resultados indicativos de que o método desenvolvido é competitivo com outras abordagens de solução para esse problema considerando as mesmas restrições.</span></p>
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Prestwich, Michael. "Book Review: Artillery in the Era of the Crusades. Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology Michael S. Fulton." War in History 26, no. 3 (July 2019): 430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344519847787.
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MORTON, NICHOLAS. "Artillery in the Era of the Crusades: Siege Warfare and the Development of Trebuchet Technology. By Michael S. Fulton. History of Warfare, CXXII. Brill. 2018. xxx + 512pp. €130.00." History 104, no. 362 (June 6, 2019): 740–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-229x.12824.
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"Bombs, guns and trebuchets." Physics World 27, no. 06 (June 2014): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/27/06/42.
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Galán, M. Ramírez, and M. Benítez Galán. "Stone projectiles from the siege of Alcalá la Vieja (Spain) and likely trebuchet placement." Archaeometry, June 3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12578.
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