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Academic literature on the topic 'Tree frogs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Tree frogs"

1

McCAY, MICHAEL G. "AERODYNAMIC STABILITY AND MANEUVERABILITY OF THE GLIDING FROG POLYPEDATES DENNYSI." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 16 (August 15, 2001): 2817–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.16.2817.

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SUMMARY Gliding has evolved independently in two families of tree frog. Tree frogs glide to descend rapidly to mating sites over temporary pools on the forest floor or to escape predators. The physical mechanisms used by frogs to glide and maneuver were investigated using a combination of observations of live frogs (Polypedates dennysi) gliding in a tilted wind-tunnel and aerodynamic forces and torques measured from physical models of tree frogs in a wind-tunnel. Tree frogs maneuvered in the tilted wind-tunnel using two different turning mechanisms: a banked turn (the frog rolls into the turn) and a crabbed turn (the frog yaws into the turn). Polypedates dennysipossessed overall weak aerodynamic stability: slightly stable about the pitch and roll axis, slightly unstable about the yaw axis. The maneuverability of gliding tree frogs was quantified using a maneuverability index. The maneuverability of tree frogs was roughly equivalent for tree frogs performing a banked turn and performing a crabbed turn. The maneuverability of tree frogs was approximately one-third of the maneuverability of a falcon (Falcon jugger).

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Langowski, Julian K. A., Dimitra Dodou, Peter van Assenbergh, and Johan L. van Leeuwen. "Design of Tree-Frog-Inspired Adhesives." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 906–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa037.

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Synopsis The adhesive toe pads of tree frogs have inspired the design of various so-called ‘smooth’ synthetic adhesives for wet environments. However, these adhesives do not reach the attachment performance of their biological models in terms of contact formation, maintenance of attachment, and detachment. In tree frogs, attachment is facilitated by an interconnected ensemble of superficial and internal morphological components, which together form a functional unit. To help bridging the gap between biological and bioinspired adhesives, in this review, we (1) provide an overview of the functional components of tree frog toe pads, (2) investigate which of these components (and attachment mechanisms implemented therein) have already been transferred into synthetic adhesives, and (3) highlight functional analogies between existing synthetic adhesives and tree frogs regarding the fundamental mechanisms of attachment. We found that most existing tree-frog-inspired adhesives mimic the micropatterned surface of the ventral epidermis of frog pads. Geometrical and material properties differ between these synthetic adhesives and their biological model, which indicates similarity in appearance rather than function. Important internal functional components such as fiber-reinforcement and muscle fibers for attachment control have not been considered in the design of tree-frog-inspired adhesives. Experimental work on tree-frog-inspired adhesives suggests that the micropatterning of adhesives with low-aspect-ratio pillars enables crack arresting and the drainage of interstitial liquids, which both facilitate the generation of van der Waals forces. Our analysis of experimental work on tree-frog-inspired adhesives indicates that interstitial liquids such as the mucus secreted by tree frogs play a role in detachment. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for the future design of biomimetic adhesives. Specifically, we propose to implement internal fiber-reinforcements inspired by the fibrous structures in frog pads to create mechanically reinforced soft adhesives for high-load applications. Contractile components may stimulate the design of actuated synthetic adhesives with fine-tunable control of attachment strength. An integrative approach is needed for the design of tree-frog-inspired adhesives that are functionally analogous with their biological paradigm.

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Aihara, Ikkyu, Ryu Takeda, Takeshi Mizumoto, Takuma Otsuka, and Hiroshi G. Okuno. "Size Effect on Call Properties of Japanese Tree Frogs Revealed by Audio-Processing Technique." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0247.

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[abstFig src='/00290001/23.jpg' width='300' text='Calling behavior of a male Japanese Tree Frog' ] Sensing the external environment is a core function of robots and autonomous mechanics. This function is useful for monitoring and analyzing the ecosystem for our deeper understanding of the nature and accomplishing the sustainable ecosystem. Here, we investigate calling behavior of male frogs by applying audio-processing technique on multiple audio data. In general, male frogs call from their breeding site, and a female frog approaches one of the males by hearing their calls. First, we conducted an indoor experiment to record spontaneous calling behavior of three male Japanese tree frogs, and then separated their call signals according to independent component analysis. The analysis of separated signals shows that chorus size (i.e., the number of calling frogs) has a positive effect on call number, inter-call intervals, and chorus duration. We speculate that a competition in a large chorus encourages the male frogs to make their call properties more attractive to conspecific females.

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Milius, Susan. "Frogs Play Tree." Science News 162, no. 23 (December 7, 2002): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4013877.

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Matich, Philip, and Christopher M. Schalk. "Move it or lose it: interspecific variation in risk response of pond-breeding anurans." PeerJ 7 (June 7, 2019): e6956. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6956.

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Changes in behavior are often the proximate response of animals to human disturbance, with variability in tolerance levels leading some species to exhibit striking shifts in life history, fitness, and/or survival. Thus, elucidating the effects of disturbance on animal behavior, and how this varies among taxonomically similar species with inherently different behaviors and life histories is of value for management and conservation. We evaluated the risk response of three anuran species—southern leopard frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus), Blanchard’s cricket frog (Acris blanchardi), and green tree frog (Hyla cinerea)—to determine how differences in microhabitat use (arboreal vs ground-dwelling) and body size (small vs medium) may play a role in response to a potential threat within a human-altered subtropical forest. Each species responded to risk with both flight and freeze behaviors, however, behaviors were species- and context-specific. As distance to cover increased, southern leopard frogs increased freezing behavior, green tree frogs decreased freezing behavior, and Blanchard’s cricket frogs increased flight response. The propensity of green tree frogs to use the canopy of vegetation as refugia, and the small body size of Blanchard’s cricket frogs likely led to greater flight response as distance to cover increased, whereas innate reliance on camouflage among southern leopard frogs may place them at greater risk to landscaping, agricultural, and transportation practices in open terrain. As such, arboreal and small-bodied species may inherently be better suited in human altered-landscapes compared to larger, ground-dwelling species. As land-use change continues to modify habitats, understanding how species respond to changes in their environment continues to be of importance, particularly in ecosystems where human-wildlife interactions are expected to increase in frequency.

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WANG, HAO, LEI WANG, JINGDAN SHAO, TINGTING LIU, and ZHENDONG DAI. "LONG HINDLIMBS CONTRIBUTE TO AIR-RIGHTING PERFORMANCE IN FALLING TREE FROGS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 06 (December 2013): 1340023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941340023x.

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Tree frogs are able to climb or even jump on leaves and branches using their toe pads adhering to and detaching from surfaces, but have to be in the face of the risk of falling down due to fatigue or a slip. While falling down from a great height, air-righting response was observed, which prevents tree frogs from injury caused by back hitting the ground, however the mechanism underlying is unknown. Using a high-speed camera with a plane mirror, we captured the body and limb kinematics of falling tree frogs as they performed rapid air-righting response in three-dimension. The kinematics were then characterized into three stages and substituted into a mathematical multi-body model to simulate the air-righting dynamics caused by the kinematics. The results show that a head-down tree frog performs rapid air-righting with specific series of actions in hindlimb motion, which generates sufficient local angular momentum for the frog to rotate its body upright and keep the total moment of momentum conserved. The applications of these results to small landing robots and multi-segment spacecraft are anticipated.

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Lukanov, Simeon, Andrey Kolev, Angel Dyugmedzhiev, and Miroslav Slavchev. "The lateral stripe – a reliable way for software assisted individual identification for Hyla arborea." Acta Herpetologica 19, no. 1 (June 21, 2024): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/a_h-15519.

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Traditional mark-recapture methods for amphibians and reptiles involve the application of invasive physical markers, such as toe clipping. Photographic identification methods are non-invasive alternative that use natural colouration of individuals for inexpensive, reliable identification. The relatively small species of the Hylidae family are susceptible to toe clipping – so dorsal, ventral, or leg patterns have been used in studies on different hylid species. The present study aims to test the usefulness of the lateral stripe in the Common tree frog Hyla arborea in software-assisted image recognition, which would allow for a reliable and time-efficient individual identification. A total of 258 adult tree frogs from a pond near the village of Oshtava, SW Bulgaria, were captured by hand in twelve sessions throughout the spring (April-May) of 2022 and 2023. The right and left side of each frog was photographed and the animals were released at the site of capture. Images were loaded into Hotspotter – free software for image recognition that has been demonstrated to work very well for several amphibian species. Results revealed 108 recaptures of 46 individual tree frogs (including 11 tree frogs captured more than twice and three recaptures between years). Only 12% of all frogs had similar right and left lateral stripes, with the others displaying significant variations. This study highlights both the applicability of the lateral stripe for individual recognition in this species and the need for consistency in image processing.

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Degani, Gad. "Life Cycle of Tree Frogs (Hyla savygnyi) in Semi-Arid Habitats in Northern Israel." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (October 28, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p17.

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The life cycle of tree frogs (Hyla savygnyi) in localities of various habitats in northern Israel in the Upper Galilee and Golan Heights (annual rainfall range of 500-1,000 mm) and the Hula Valley, ranging from 212 to 740 m above sea level (ASL), was studied. Tree frogs were observed around winter rain pools, springs and streams. Fifty-one different breeding places were monitored. Only ponds and springs having stable non-flowing water are used by tree frogs for reproduction and are where larvae can metamorphose. The male call in the breeding places attracts the female, who then comes to the male, and breeding occurs underwater. Breeding time in Israel varies according to location and geographical and ecological conditions. It takes place in March-April in northern Israel, the Upper Galilee, the Golan Heights and the Hula Valley. In various breeding places, larvae grow between April and June. Apparently tree frog larvae adapt to breeding places where stable water is found, such as in ponds or springs, but not to breeding places with flowing water such as streams or rivers. Various Anuran and Urodela larvae were found in the same breeding sites where the larvae of H. savygnyi were found, including Pseudepidalea Viridis, Rana bedriagae, Pelobates syriacus, Salamandra infraimmaculata and Triturs vittatus. Following metamorphosis, H. savygnyi adapt to terrestrial life in semi-arid habitats, and is found on plants or in hiding places under rocks and in holes to prevent dehydration particularly during hot and dry weather. The ability to change color helped the frogs to hide in various substrates. The rate of water loss of terrestrial H. savygnyi during dehydration is around 50% of body weight. Plasma osmolality increased from 200 mOsm/kg to about 450 mOsm/kg, which helped the tree frog to survive in semi-arid habitats.

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Robinson, Darvé, Adrienne Warmsley, A. Justin Nowakowski, Kelsey E. Reider, and Maureen A. Donnelly. "The value of remnant trees in pastures for a neotropical poison frog." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 4 (July 2013): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000382.

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Abstract:Conversion of natural habitats to anthropogenic land uses is a primary cause of amphibian declines in species-rich tropical regions. However, agricultural lands are frequently used by a subset of forest-associated species, and the habitat value of a given land use is likely modified by the presence and characteristics of remnant trees. Here we used mark–recapture methods to examine abundances and movement probability of the poison frog, Oophaga pumilio, at individual trees in forest-fragment edges and adjacent pastures in north-eastern Costa Rica. One hundred and forty-seven trees were surveyed at three replicate sites that each included a forest fragment and adjacent pasture. Trees were sampled at distances of ≤30 m into forest and ≤150 m into pastures for Oophaga pumilio, and local environmental characteristics were measured at each tree. We also measured indices of physical condition (size and endurance) of frogs captured in forest edges and in nearby pastures. Analyses of 167 marked individuals showed no difference in per-tree abundances or sex ratios between pasture and forest edges. We found significant interactions between habitat type and leaf-litter cover, tree dbh and number of logs, indicating greater influence of local variables on abundances in pastures. Movement among trees was infrequent and not predicted by sex, size, habitat type or environmental variables. While results of endurance tests did not differ for individuals from the two habitats, frogs captured in pastures were, on average, larger than frogs captured in forest edges. These data indicate that remnant trees are important habitat features for O. pumilio in pastures and corroborate research in other systems that suggests that large relictual trees should be retained to maximize the potential for altered landscapes to provide habitat for native species.

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Gourevitch, Eleanor H. Z., and J. Roger Downie. "Evaluation of tree frog tracking methods using Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae)." Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology 17, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v17i2p233-246.

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Evaluation of tree frog tracking methods using Phyllomedusa trinitatis (Anura: Phyllomedusidae). Investigating the behaviors of small, inconspicuous and cryptic animals can be helped by tracking their movements. The effectiveness of different tracking methods can be very dependent on behavior and ecology; radio-telemetry and thread bobbins have been widely used over a range of environments and taxa, but each presents problems. Phyllomedusa trinitatis is a tree frog found in Trinidad and Venezuela and has mostly been studied for its nest building and breeding behavior, but little is known about its behavior away from breeding ponds. This study aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses, including impacts on the welfare of these frogs, of different tracking methods, thread bobbins and radio-telemetry, when used to track them in a dense rainforest environment. A pilot study found that fuorescent dyes were unsuitable for this species. Individuals were tested in laboratory conditions to determine the application time for each tracker and to test on this species the tracker 10% weight rule. The rule was found to be too restrictive for this frog; trackers up to 15% of body weight were used with no signifcant impacts on distances travelled. Frogs became lethargic when bearing trackers longer than two days, so we limited tracking in the feld to one overnight period. Of the 26 frogs tracked in the feld (nine radio-tags, 17 bobbins), 16 were successful (six radio-tags, 10 bobbins) and six untracked frogs were found in the feld during the day as controls. Bobbins were cheaper and allowed visualization of the detailed path taken, including substrates used, but caused more bruising due to entanglement, and individuals tracked with this method were less likely to return on following nights to the breeding ponds. Radio-tags had no threat of entanglement but were much more expensive and the signal was interrupted by the dense vegetation preventing some individuals from being found. There were no signifcant differences in the distances travelled by tracked or control frogs, from which we infer that these tracking methods did not impact signifcantly on movement. It appears that neither of these tracking methods work perfectly for Phyllomedusa in a densely vegetated environment, and that both incur welfare problems. Our study emphasizes the need to test out tracking methods on each species in each habitat.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tree frogs"

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Marshall, Vincent Timothy. "Social aspects of communication in gray treefrogs : intraspecific and interspecific interactions /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115569.

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Humfeld, Sarah Conditt. "Signaling, intersexual dynamics and the adoption of alternative male mating behaviors in green treefrogs, Hyla cinerea /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115556.

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Kaveh, Farzaneh [Verfasser]. "Wet bioadhesion in tree frogs / Farzaneh Kaveh." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058655930/34.

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Samuel, Diana S. "The bioadhesion of tree- and torrent frogs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5196/.

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Tree frogs adhere to surfaces using their toe pads. These pads secrete a fluid which enables them to adhere using a temporary adhesive mechanism known as wet adhesion. In keeping with the principles that govern this type of mechanism, the toe pads should be capable of adhering sufficiently and detaching effortlessly. However, the vast majority of research in this area has centred on static experiments, thus giving no real indication of the dynamic activity of the animal. Therefore, one aspect of this PhD project was to investigate the biomechanics of tree frog locomotion, focussing particularly on the kinematics and forces involved during toe pad detachment. Tree frog toe pads do indeed possess a rapid, efficient detachment mechanism, the toe pads simply peeling off of the surface from the rear, requiring very little force. The impact of this at higher scales was reflected in the force profiles of individual limbs, and in the global kinematics of the frog during locomotion. In addition to this, the wet adhesive mechanism itself was investigated by assessing the performance of tree frogs in a range of challenging conditions, including on overhangs and flooded surfaces. The latter condition compromises a key component of the wet adhesive mechanism; however, torrent frogs perpetually clamber across wet rocks in the vicinity of waterfalls, and yet are able to maintain their attachment. Therefore, the second aspect of this project was to compare the adhesive capabilities of tree- and torrent frogs, and propose explanations for the differences in their performance. Whilst comparable on dry, smooth surfaces, the adhesion of torrent frogs on rough, flooded substrates was far superior to that of tree frogs. Several explanations for this are offered, including the utilisation of a greater proportion of their ventral contact area, and a toe pad morphology that is optimised for such conditions. The results of this PhD project may provide a functional and morphological ‘blueprint’ for the development of toe pad mimics that can adhere in wet conditions.

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Hocking, Daniel J. "Gray treefrog breeding site selection and offspring performance in response to forest management." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5103.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 26, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

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Welch, Allison M. "Call duration as an indicator of heritable genetic quality in gray tree frogs /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974701.

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Smith, Joanna McLellan. "Effects of allometric growth and toe pad morphology on adhesion in hylid tree frogs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398660.

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Inthara, Chantip. "Phylogenetic relationships among tree frogs of the genera Polypedates and Rhacophorus : an analysis of morphological data." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0015.

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Cladistic analyses of morphological data support a monophyletic group for Polypedates but do not support a monophyletic group for Rhacophorus. Five groups of Rhacophorus are recognized:(1) Group I: R. Appendiculatus; R. Verrucosus; R. Bisacculus; R. Everetti; R. Baliogaster and R. Cavirostris. DIAGNOSIS: post cloacal region with tubercles and/or papillae; skin on dorsum with glandular warts; tip of fingers and toes round; webbing between fingers III-IV small; dermal ridge running along outer edge of fourth finger crenulated; presence of numerous small papillae on heel; dermal ridge running along outer edge of tarsus crenulated; and webbing on toes medium or large. (2) Group II: R. Jarujini; R. Lateralis; R. Turpes; R. Edentulus; R. Monticola and R. Poecilonotus. DIAGNOSIS: presence of two papillae on heel; inner metatarsal tubercle elongate; and webbing between toe I-II large or complete. (3) Group III: R. Hoanglienensis; R. Orlovi; R. Margaritifer; R. Gauni; R. Bimaculatus; R. Angulirostris; R. Baluensis; R. Calcaneus and R. Pleurostictus. DIAGNOSIS: absence of vomerine ridge; dermal ridge along forearm smooth; absence of dermal ridge or flap running along outer edge of tarsus; webbing between fingers II-III small; and webbing between toe II-III complete. (4) Group IV: R. Reinwardtii; R. Nigropalmatus; R. Malabaricus; R. Exechopygus; R. Prominanus; R. Dulitensis; R. Htunwini; R. Kio; R. Bipunctatus; R. Rhodopus; R. Annamensis; R. Pardalis; R. Harrissoni; R. Fasciatus; R. Rufipes and R. Robinsoni. DIAGNOSIS: distance from tip of snout to nostril equal to distance from nostril to eyes; presence of dermal flap along forearm; webbing between fingers II-III almost complete or complete; webbing between fingers III-IV complete; presence of dermal flap running along outer edge of fourth finger; presence of ridge or flap on heel; webbing on toes complete; presence of supra-cloacal fold or flap; post cloacal region with ridge or flap. (5) Group V: R. Dennysi; R. Feae; R. Maximus; R. Schlegelii; R. Dorsoviridis; R. Viridis; R. Moltrechti; R. Arboreus; R. Burmanus; R. Arvalis; R. Chenfui; R. Taipeianus; R. Owstoni; R. Minimus; R. Taronensis; R. Duboisi; R. Dugritei; and R. Omeimontis. DIAGNOSIS: head shape in dorsal view sub-elliptical or semicircular; webbing on hand small or medium; webbing between fingers II-III medium; and snout shape in lateral view round or obtuse. (6) Group VI: Polypedates: P. Nasutus; P. Eques; P. Otilophus; P. Megacephalus; P. Leucomystax; P. Macrotis; P. Maculatus; P. Zed; P. Colletti; P. Mutus; and P. Cruciger. DIAGNOSIS: presence or absence of co-ossified skin between eyes; webbing between toes I-II long; webbing between fingers III-IV rudimentary; and tympanum shape oval. Genera names available: Group I - Aquixalus; Groups II-V currently are members of genus Rhacophorus but cladistic analysis of morphological data show that groups are different based on several morphological characters; Group III - Leptomantis; Group IV – Rhacophorus.

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Yaganti, Sushmita. "Immunolocalization and Changes in Expression Levels of Glyceroporin HC-3 in Several Tissues of Gray Tree Frogs, Hyla chrysoscelis Under Different Physiological Conditions." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1239987029.

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Pogson, Aimee L. "Tree Frog Madness." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245380440.

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Books on the topic "Tree frogs"

1

Bowman, Chris. Tree frogs. Minneapolis, MN: Bellwether Media, 2015.

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ill, Masuda Modoki, and Masuda Modoki, eds. Tree frogs. Minneapolis [Minn.]: Lerner, 1986.

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Deiters, Erika. Tree frogs. Austin, TX: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 2001.

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Tree frogs. New York, NY: PowerKids Press, 2012.

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Lunis, Natalie. Tricky tree frogs. New York: Bearport, 2010.

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ill, Juhasz George 1933, ed. Pacific tree frogs. Vancouver : Boston: Tradewind Books, 2002.

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Berman, Ruth. Climbing tree frogs. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1998.

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Lunis, Natalie. Tricky tree frogs. New York, NY: Bearport, 2010.

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Quick, Gunner. Itty bitty tree frogs. New York, NY: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2014.

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Johnson, Rebecca. Tree-frog tangles. Australia: Steve Parish Pub. Studio, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tree frogs"

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Beard, Karen H., Steve A. Johnson, and Aaron B. Shiels. "Frogs (Coqui Frogs, Greenhouse Frogs, Cuban Tree Frogs, and Cane Toads)." In Ecology and Management of Terrestrial Vertebrate Invasive Species in the United States, 163–92. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315157078-9.

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Mann, Richard P., Avinash P. Nayak, M. Saif Islam, V. J. Logeeswaran, Edward Bormashenko, Kerry Allan Wilson, and Frank Vollmer. "Wet Adhesion in Tree Frogs." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 2828. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100887.

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Endlein, Thomas, and W. Jon P. Barnes. "Wet Adhesion in Tree and Torrent Frogs." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 1–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6178-0_257-2.

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Endlein, Thomas, and W. Jon P. Barnes. "Wet Adhesion in Tree and Torrent Frogs." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 4355–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9780-1_257.

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Gonzalez-Pardo, Antonio, and David Camacho. "Design of Japanese Tree Frog Algorithm for Community Finding Problems." In Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning – IDEAL 2018, 307–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03496-2_34.

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Rangasamy, V., and C. Sivaperuman. "Observations on Oviposition, Myiasis in Foam Nest, Egg Clutches, and Hatching in Endangered Tree Frog Polypedates insularis Das, 1995, from Great Nicobar Island, India." In Indian Hotspots, 57–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6983-3_4.

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"TREE FROGS." In aboutness, 74. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.6879731.17.

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"Tree Frogs." In aboutness, 74. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780228019718-016.

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"Tree frogs, Hylidae." In Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada, 217–80. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501738098-008.

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"Tree frogs, Hyla." In Handbook of Frogs and Toads of the United States and Canada, 281–365. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501738098-009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tree frogs"

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Hernández, Hugo, and Christian Blum. "Implementing a model of Japanese tree frogs' calling behavior in sensor networks." In the 13th annual conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2001858.2002057.

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Hernandez, Hugo, and Christian Blum. "Distributed graph coloring in wireless ad hoc networks: A light-weight algorithm based on Japanese tree frogs' calling behaviour." In 2011 4th Joint IFIP Wireless and Mobile Networking Conference (WMNC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wmnc.2011.6097216.

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Shiratori, Toshihiro, Masato Suzuki, Tomokazu Takahashi, and Seiji Aoyagi. "Hexagonal Microstructure Bioinspired by the Toe Pad of a Tree Frog For Increasing Adhesive Force in Shear Direction." In 2022 IEEE 35th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Conference (MEMS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems51670.2022.9699783.

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Roy, P. "A new technique to solve minimum spanning tree (MST) problem using modified shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (MSFLA) with GA cross-over." In 3rd International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing (ARTCom 2011). IET, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2011.0046.

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Hu, Xiaping, Fitzroy Curry, and Sheldon Weinbaum. "A New Approach to Understanding Starling’s Law at the Microstructural Level." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0234.

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Abstract 1996 marked the 100th anniversary of Starling’s classic paper proposing that the capillary wall behaves like a semipermeable membrane in which there is net filtration on the arterial side and a net absorption on the venous side due to the colloidal osmotic pressure of plasma proteins. While the validity of the general premise was experimentally demonstrated by Landis in 1930, who showed that in human skin capillaries at heart level that the two competing flows nearly balance one another with the small excess resulting in a lymph flow, recent experiment summarized in [3] have shown that the simple Landis-Starling diagram shown in most textbooks is not true in nearly all other body locations. In nearly all tissues in which detailed measurements of the plasma and interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures have been made along the length of the calillary there is little reabsorption on the venous side since the local interstitial oncotic pressure rises sharply as the flow rate is reduced. This has been beautifully demonstrated by Michel and Philips [3] in individually perfused frog mesentery capillaries, where it is shown that the interstitial colloidal osmotic pressure depends critically on the filtration rate and there is still a small positive net filtration on the venous side. This intriquing paradox has just been reviewed in Michel (1997). In the proposed paper a new theory is presented to describe the detailed structure of the osmotic gradients and flows across the endothelial surface glycocalyx, the inter-endothelial cleft and the exit region downstream of the cleft exit. The heterogeneity of the flow across the surface of the glycocalyx caused by the local breaks in the junction strand and the non-uniformity of the protein concentration both behind the surface glycocalyx and across the junction strand is considered for the first time. The non-linear coupling of the local fluid flow to the local plasma protein concentration is examined and it is shown that the primary gradient in osmotic force is felt across the surface layer of matrix. The model shows rather remarkably that there there is a heretofore unrecognized large asymmetry in the fluid flow pattern on each side of the junction strand and that the water enters the cleft nearly uniformly along its length despite the widely separated discrete breaks that have been observed in the junction strand [1]. The model provides very good predictions of the experimental measurements in Michel and Philips [3].

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Reports on the topic "Tree frogs"

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Lassen Volcanic National Park Cascades frog and eDNA inventory final report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300696.

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The Cascades frog (Rana cascadae) is one of two frog species known to occur historically in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LAVO) in Northern California. However, no Cascades frogs have been documented in LAVO for several decades, despite repeated surveys. Threats to the species include natural predators, introduction of fish into historically fishless habitats, diseases like fungal pathogens, airborne drift of pesticides from nearby agricultural areas, ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation, wildfires, and habitat loss from human development and climate change. Objectives of this project were to conduct surveys for Cascades frogs at LAVO using both visual encounter surveys (VES) and environmental DNA (eDNA) surveys at locations with potential for reintroduction, conduct VES and eDNA surveys for potential predators (rainbow trout, brook trout, brown trout, and leeches) to determine locations unsuitable for reintroduction, and to develop a suitability model to assess reintroduction potential within LAVO for Cascades frogs. Fifty locations around LAVO were sampled during this study. Suitability for Cascades frogs was ranked according to suitable vegetation availability, elevation, climatic factors, and perennial water availability. Projected climate data was used to derive future climate suitability for Cascades frogs within and around LAVO. No Cascades frog egg masses, larvae, or adults were detected during VES or eDNA sampling within LAVO in 2021. Pacific tree frogs were observed at 18 sites, indicating suitable larval frog habitat at these sites. At 12 of these 18 sites, trout were not detected with either VES or eDNA sampling and leeches were only detected in two locations. The eDNA survey did not appear to be an effective way to detect leeches, but this method was effective for trout species and Cascades frogs. Climate, vegetation, elevation, and perennial water availability were summarized and combined to identify suitable locations within and around LAVO. Climate data for known locations of Cascades frogs in California were used to define a range of suitable climate conditions for the species and then extrapolated across the Cascade frog?s range in California. Within LAVO, occurrence data were not available and, thus, known habitat preferences were combined with spatial data to establish the location and density of suitable vegetation communities and the availability of perennial water. The most suitable areas within the park were identified to occur along the outer boundary and eastern side of the Park. These locations had optimal climate conditions, suitable vegetation communities and available perennial water sources. Many of the areas with high suitability in LAVO were impacted in recent burns (2021), which will reduce their current overall suitability until the vegetation recovers. Projected climate scenarios suggest that, in general, areas surrounding LAVO will decline in temperature suitability while areas within LAVO will increase. Using all available information, sites (based on sub-watersheds) were determined to be of high, medium, or low reintroduction potential. Sites of high reproduction potential included the Cluster Lakes area; Feather Lake and nearby pond; Horseshoe Lake, Snag Lake and Grassy Creek, and vernal pool near Snag Lake trail; and Willow Lake. All the sites with high reproduction potential will require active management to prepare them for Cascades frogs and to maintain them as suitable habitat into the future.

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