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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tree plants

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Academic literature on the topic 'Tree plants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tree plants"

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Li, Jian Ke, Jing Hui Yang, Yan Jun Liu, Jun Xun Huang, Chun Xia Wu, Ting Liu, and Wu Que Gong. "Growth and Development of Feijoa with Different Plant Shape and in Greenhouses Environment." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.294.

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In order to explore the relation between tree crown shape and growth development and age of tree, flowering plants, fruiting plants, bearing plants, bearing branch and floweret, length of bearing branch were studied in greenhouse environments after tree corm shape were divided into three groups by live crown ratio of crown width to height and angle from the central leader to first scaffold branch. The result showed that the plants of upright crown shape were 83% at age one year among all plants, 45% at age two years and tree crown shapes, open tree increased to 25% at age of three years. The flowering trees increased from 5% at age of one year to 55% in age of three years and fruit set increased from 0 to 44% following increase of age tree. Open trees had more flowers with 10.6 in 2-year-old tree, 38.6 in 3-year-old tree. Open trees had more percentage of bearing plants with around 47%. The average length of bearing branches was 11.5 cm at open trees, which was more than other crown shapes at age of three years. Open trees had most fruit number per bearing tree (6.5, 8.5 apart). Therefore, creating open tree crown shape may increase flowering, fruiting and yield in greenhouse production of feijoa.

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Levin, E., and V. Cherepanova. "PROSTAGLANDINS OF TREE PLANTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 344 (November 1993): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1993.344.22.

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Ritu Sharma et al.,, Ritu Sharma et al ,. "Trees, Plants and Mahasweta Devi’s “The Armenian Champa Tree”." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 4671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020442.

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Fallon, Breann. "“I am Mother to my Plants”." Fieldwork in Religion 13, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.36021.

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The tree stands as a sacred symbol in many faith traditions. Unsurprisingly, nature-based new religious movements are no exception. This article considers the manifestation of sacred trees in a number of religious traditions, including Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander spirituality, Abrahamic traditions, Ancient Egyptian religion, Buddhism, Hinduism, Norse mythology, the Shinto faith, and nature-based new religious movements. After this initial section, I present the findings of a fieldwork project undertaken in 2016. Using the survey as a tool, this project enquired into the use of trees, plants, and private gardens among practitioners from nature-based new religious movements. This survey makes use of both quantitative and qualitative survey methods, having been distributed to various nature-based new religious movements in New Zealand, Australia, Europe, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Despite extensive tree lore, these survey results present the tree as a peripheral plant in the practitioners' everyday practice, with the garden as a whole being more critical than any single variety of vegetation.

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Mugunga, C. P., and D. T. Mugumo. "Acacia sieberiana Effects on Soil Properties and Plant Diversity in Songa Pastures, Rwanda." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (November 4, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/237525.

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Effects of A. sieberiana trees on soil properties and plant diversity were investigated in Songa pastures, Rwanda. Tree characteristics and crown architecture of A. sieberiana were studied. Soil properties were assessed and plants were identified under and away from tree crowns. Counts of individual plants/species were done only under tree crowns. Nitrogen, P, and K were analysed in the soil, grass, and A. sieberiana leaves. Plant diversity was determined using Simpson's diversity index. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), Ca2+, N and pH, and plant diversity were higher in soils under tree canopies than in open areas. Tree leaves were significantly richer in N and poorer in P and K as compared to grasses. Tree crowns grew wider and horizontal and developed intertwined secondary branching, reducing light intensity to as low as 38% under tree canopies compared to the open pasture. At 3 trees/ha stocking, A. sieberiana trees shaded 0.18 ha and herbaceous plants and grasses unpalatable to livestock dominated under tree canopies. A tradeoff of A. sieberiana tree value versus the loss of palatable grass due to tree presence needs to be assessed to decide whether the trees should be included in pastures and if yes, the apporpriate stocking identified.

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Shcheglovitova, Mariya. "Valuing plants in devalued spaces: Caring for Baltimore's Street trees." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 1 (June 2, 2019): 228–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619854375.

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Baltimore City, MD is addressing its future with expansive sustainability initiatives. These include an aggressive tree planting campaign to double the city's tree canopy by 2037. While discourses of greening present tree plantings and related programs as a resolution for the legacies of racist housing market practices, these programs are themselves subject to the legacies of spatial inequalities in access to infrastructural care. Sustainability discourses present urban trees as inherently valuable economically and environmentally but these discourses are disconnected from trees' needs for ongoing care and maintenance. The daily material practices of caring for and maintaining trees are deprioritized in favor of planting more trees to gain these supposedly “inherent” benefits. In the spaces where trees were meant to bring economic and environmental vitality, their deaths reinforce the racist legacies they claim to correct. This paper examines these links and contradictions within the framework of relational urban political ecology. Through a lens of care, this paper shows how humans and non/humans actively co-construct urban space and how just spaces can come about through attention to the needs of humans and non/humans.

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KUMAR, Dr D. SURESH. "THE BAOBAB TREE." Hygeia J. D.Med.10 (1) August 2018 - January 2019 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15254/h.j.d.med.10.2018.16.

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Trees are known to live for many years. Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment while meditating underneath a peepal tree (Ficus religiosa). A branch of the original tree was rooted in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka in 288 B.C. and is known as Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi. It is the oldest plant in the world. Long-living plants are found in many parts of the world. The Baobab tree is one among them. Baobab is the common name of a genus of trees (Adansonia) distributed in Madagascar, Africa, Australia and India. The Baobab is the national tree of Madagascar. The Baobab is also known as “bottle tree”, “the tree of life”, “upside-down tree”, and “monkey bread tree”.

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Smith, Stephen A., Nathanael Walker-Hale, Joseph F. Walker, and Joseph W. Brown. "Phylogenetic Conflicts, Combinability, and Deep Phylogenomics in Plants." Systematic Biology 69, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syz078.

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Abstract Studies have demonstrated that pervasive gene tree conflict underlies several important phylogenetic relationships where different species tree methods produce conflicting results. Here, we present a means of dissecting the phylogenetic signal for alternative resolutions within a data set in order to resolve recalcitrant relationships and, importantly, identify what the data set is unable to resolve. These procedures extend upon methods for isolating conflict and concordance involving specific candidate relationships and can be used to identify systematic error and disambiguate sources of conflict among species tree inference methods. We demonstrate these on a large phylogenomic plant data set. Our results support the placement of Amborella as sister to the remaining extant angiosperms, Gnetales as sister to pines, and the monophyly of extant gymnosperms. Several other contentious relationships, including the resolution of relationships within the bryophytes and the eudicots, remain uncertain given the low number of supporting gene trees. To address whether concatenation of filtered genes amplified phylogenetic signal for relationships, we implemented a combinatorial heuristic to test combinability of genes. We found that nested conflicts limited the ability of data filtering methods to fully ameliorate conflicting signal amongst gene trees. These analyses confirmed that the underlying conflicting signal does not support broad concatenation of genes. Our approach provides a means of dissecting a specific data set to address deep phylogenetic relationships while also identifying the inferential boundaries of the data set. [Angiosperms; coalescent; gene-tree conflict; genomics; phylogenetics; phylogenomics.]

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Pilcher, Jobeth, and Lisa Sogard. "Myelomeningocele, Avocados, and Rubber Tree Plants." Neonatal Network 24, no. 5 (September 2005): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.24.5.23.

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Infants with myelomeningocele and the nurses who care for them have something in common. Both are at higher risk than the general population for developing latex allergies. This article provides a review of the literature regarding latex production, latex allergic responses in children and adults, types of latex allergic reactions, and prevention of latex allergies.

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Aguiar, Adriano Tosoni da Eira. "BIOMETRIC EVALUATION OF RUBBER TREE PLANTS." Nucleus 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.896.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tree plants"

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Yu, Ming-yee. "Enriching native floristic diversity in exotic tree plantation in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39558113.

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Hatcher, P. E. "Host plants and nutrition in conifer-feeding Lepidoptera." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234738.

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Biondi, Franco. "Development of a Tree-Ring Network for the Italian Peninsula." Tree-Ring Society, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262358.

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This article describes the analysis of tree-ring collections from standing trees of sixteen species at twenty sites distributed throughout the Italian Peninsula. Visual and numerical crossdating among ring widths allowed the computation of standard and residual tree-ring chronologies. Relationships among chronologies were identified by Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation, using Bonferroni's inequality to adjust significance level. The oldest living tree sampled to date is a 963-year old palebark pine (Pinus leucodermis Ant.) at Parco del Pollino. Individuals more than two centuries old were identified at eleven sites for eight species. The tree-ring network so far consists of twenty-two chronologies for nine species at nineteen sites. Seven conifer species account for ten chronologies and two angiosperm species account for the remaining twelve chronologies. The most represented species is Fagus sylvatica L., with eleven chronologies distributed over the entire peninsula and highly correlated with one another. The order of autoregressive models fitted to the data never exceeded two. In particular, the order of autoregressive models fitted to Fagus sylvatica chronologies decreased with decreasing age of sampled trees. Based on the significant coefficients of rank correlation, residual chronologies of Fagus sylvatica could be separated into northern, central, and southern groups. This points to the existence of broad regions distributed along a latitudinal gradient, corresponding to large-scale climatic regimes over the Italian Peninsula.

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Grissino-Mayer, Henri D. "An Updated List of Species Used in Tree-Ring Research." Tree-Ring Society, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262378.

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During the past 100 years, researchers have investigated the potential of hundreds of tree and shrub species for use in applications of tree-ring research. Although several lists of species known to crossdate have been published, investigated species that do not crossdate are rarely included despite the usefulness of this information for future research. This paper provides a list of the Latin and common names of 573 species that have been investigated in tree-ring research, information on species known to crossdate, and information on species with measurement and/or chronology data in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank. In addition, a measure of the suitability of a species for future tree-ring applications, the Crossdating Index (CDI), is developed and proposed for standard usage.

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Paine, C. E. Timothy. "Ecological factors affecting the diversity of tropical tree seedlings /." View online, 2007. http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06272007-084024/unrestricted/CETP_diss_2007_06_21.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-106). Also available via the World Wide Web: http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-06272007-084024/unrestricted/CETP_diss_2007_06_21.pdf

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Schuch, Ursula K., and Jack Kelly. "Alternatives for Tree Staking." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216531.

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Staking is a common practice following planting of most trees in the landscape. The objectives of this project were to demonstrate four methods of staking trees and the effect on subsequent caliper growth and taper development. Master gardener volunteers were involved in this project. Four methods of staking were used on two different tree species. Acacia stenophylla were 3.1 m tall at planting and were difficult to keep upright with one or two tall stakes. All acacias staked with root stakes or short stakes required corrective pruning to establish a new leader. Prosopis velutina staked with root stakes or short stakes developed greatest taper within 6 months after transplanting. Root stakes will not require removal of staking materials.

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Zahreddine, Hala G. "The domestication of Lebanese native tree species." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1130506554.

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R, Villalba, Jose A. Boninsegna, and Richard L. Holmes. "Cedrela Angustifolia and Juglans Australis: Two New Tropical Species Useful in Dendrochronology." Tree-Ring Society, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/261332.

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Dendrochronological problems in dating tropical tree species are responsible for a large gap in global dendroclimatic reconstructions. Study of Cedrela and Juglans in the low-latitude forests of northern Argentina and Bolivia has resulted in development of four chronologies. These genera have good tree-ring characteristics, and statistics indicate that they have good potential for dendroclimatology. Longer series should be obtained from older stands.

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Fairchild-Parks, James A., and Thomas P. Harlan. "Tree-Ring Dating of Two Log Buildings in Central Texas, USA." Tree-Ring Society, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/262368.

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Tree-ring dating was used to develop construction scenarios for two log structures, the Draper and the Fuller buildings. in the Edwards Plateau region of Texas. The Draper building was constructed in 1902-3, and added onto in 1906. The dating of the Fuller building is less certain, but the structure probably was built in the 1860s or 1870s.

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Alley, Joseph L. "Forage legumes as living mulches in tree plantations /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421108.

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Books on the topic "Tree plants"

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Jennings, Sharon. Franklin plants a tree. New York: Scholastic, 2001.

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Zalben, Jane Breskin. Pearl plants a tree. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1995.

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Samton, Sheila White. Rosa plants a tree. London: Walker, 2001.

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Jennings, Sharon. Franklin plants a tree. New York: Scholastic, 2001.

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Jennings, Sharon. Franklin plants a tree. New York: Scholastic, 2001.

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ill, Soper Patrick, ed. Coyote plants a peach tree. Katonah, N.Y: R.C. Owen Publishers, 1996.

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ill, Hines Anna Grossnickle, and Rey H. A. 1898-1977, eds. Curious George plants a tree. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2009.

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Dinosaur tree. New York: Bradbury Press, 1994.

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Look at an ash tree. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications, 2012.

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Tepper, Sheri S. The family tree. New York: Avon Books, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tree plants"

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Karpinski, Stanislaw, Barbara Karpinska, Michael Meltzer, Jan-Erik Hällgren, and Gunnar Wingsle. "Signalling and Antioxidant Defence Mechanisms in Higher Plants." In Tree Physiology, 93–114. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9803-3_7.

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Oßwald, W., I. Heiser, J. Fromm, A. Albrecht, and M. Brummer. "Investigations on the Action of Fungal Toxins on Plants." In Tree Physiology, 167–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9803-3_11.

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Hoenicka, Hans, and Matthias Fladung. "Genome Instability in Woody Plants Derived from Genetic Engineering." In Tree Transgenesis, 301–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32199-3_14.

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Kendurkar, Shuchishweta V., Vaishali B. Naik, and Rajani S. Nadgauda. "Genetic Transformation of Some Tropical Trees, Shrubs, and Tree-like Plants." In Tree Transgenesis, 67–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32199-3_4.

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Lachenbruch, Barbara, John R. Moore, and Robert Evans. "Radial Variation in Wood Structure and Function in Woody Plants, and Hypotheses for Its Occurrence." In Tree Physiology, 121–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1242-3_5.

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Simwanda, Lovemore. "Provenance Trial for Indigenous Tree Species." In Combating Desertification with Plants, 113–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1327-8_11.

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Ahmad and Anshul Watts. "Genome Editing in Fruit Tree Crops." In Genome Editing in Plants, 147–53. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367815370-10.

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Gielis, Johan. "Bamboo Leaves and Tree Rings." In The Geometrical Beauty of Plants, 169–85. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-151-2_10.

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Hamelin, Richard C. "Molecular Epidemiology of Tree Pathogens." In Molecular Biology of Woody Plants, 375–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2313-8_17.

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Scholz, F. G., S. J. Bucci, F. C. Meinzer, and G. Goldstein. "Maintenance of Root Function in Tropical Woody Species During Droughts: Hydraulic Redistribution, Refilling of Embolized Vessels, and Facilitation Between Plants." In Tree Physiology, 227–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27422-5_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Tree plants"

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Orekhova, T. P. "Clonal micropropagation of Far Eastern tree species promising for plantation cultivation." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-326.

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Rzhevsky, S. G., T. A. Gorodetskaya, T. M. Tabatskaya, O. S. Mashkina, and T. P. Fedulova. "Molecular genetic analysis of forest tree crops obtained by microclonal propagation." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-374.

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Guohua, Wu, Yuan Diping, Xiao Yiqing, and Wang Jiaxin. "Review of Application on Dynamic Fault Tree Method in Nuclear Power Plants." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16191.

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Abstract Fault tree analysis (FTA) is one of the most important methods of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA). The fault state of the system is taken. While traditional FTA is based on static failure model. FTA is not applicable for systems that include redundant, sequence-related systems. At the same time, nuclear power plants (NPPs) contains a large number of redundant equipment, and FTA is difficult to solve these dynamic problems. Therefore, it is necessary to use dynamic fault tree analysis (DFTA) for PRA. In DFTA research, the modular analysis method was first proposed. The modular method divides the dynamic fault tree into a dynamic fault tree and a static fault tree. Among them, the dynamic fault tree is analyzed using a Markov chain, and the static fault tree is studied using a binary decision diagrams method. However, the shortcomings are that when the system is complicated, the information explosion in the Markov chain is appeared. To solve this problem, a dynamic fault tree is transformed into a Bayesian network. At the same time, to verify the feasibility of the method, Monte Carlo random sampling was used to evaluate the method. Other methods are relatively infrequently studied. In this paper, firstly, status of dynamic fault trees has been investigated. Secondly, each method is analyzed and the problems of dynamic fault tree are described. Finally, a survey and analysis on the dynamic fault tree is finished, and the main problems of the dynamic fault tree are: information explosion; the lack of commercial software to apply to engineering. Through this review, we hope to play a certain guiding role in the subsequent research on dynamic fault trees.

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Vaganov, E. A., and E. A. Babushkina. "New features of automated histometric analysis of tree rings in dendroclimatic studies." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-10.

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Yuzbekov, A. K. "Evaluation of the carbon dioxide gas exchange of European spruce in southern taigafir tree." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-492.

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McConnell, Jeffrey J. "Three dimensional tree grammars for the modeling of plants." In the 1988 ACM sixteenth annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/322609.322822.

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Vargas-Silva, Gustavo, and Mariappan Jawaharlal. "Hands-On Experiences for Problem Solving in Engineering Education Based on Trees and Plants." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87583.

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We teachers know that problem solving is a crucial skill for our students. It is indispensable for developing original and creative thinking. We also know that deep learning of engineering fact can be assisted by using non-conventional tools and heterodox ideas for teaching, learning and presenting technical concepts. On that sense, we propose that engineering students could learn how to solve hands-on problems from nature; in particular from the plant kingdom. In addition, we engineers should not turn our back to nature. We should start a new voyage of discovery, seeking new landscapes with a different outlook. But how? The present paper presents an approach to integrate trees and plants into engineering education to learn problem solving hands-on experiences. The aim of this approach is to teach engineering design using trees in the local area with an emphasis on structural strategies. Students taking courses such as statics, dynamics, strength of materials, stress analysis, material science, and design courses can benefit tremendously from studying trees. Furthermore, this approach provides an exciting opportunity for students to understand the complexities of real world living systems, appreciate the genius of nature’s design, and develop methods to create sustainable designs. We think that those kind of natural realistic problems are complex: they have conflicting objectives, multiple solution methods, non-engineering success criteria, non-engineering constraints, unanticipated issues, interactions, collaborative activity systems, and multiple forms of problem representation. From an educational point of view, using a tree can bring tremendous practical benefits for problem solving in engineering education. Trees are everywhere, and they can easily integrate them into the classroom. Trees offer unlimited potential for teaching and research. For example, each student will have a different tree, and there are plenty of them, so each problem will be original and creative for each student providing a genuine learning experience. The present work puts on view a new development for teaching structural mechanics based on plant biomechanics, i.e. the study of the structural strategies of plants (and trees). The goal is to understand and emulate structures and functions of the plant kingdom to develop structural solutions in engineering. Therefore this paper presents teaching results and novel concepts for problem solving in engineering education, seeking new landscapes.

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Mathur, Nirbhay, Vijanth S. Asirvadam, Azrina Abd Aziz, and Rosdiazli Ibrahim. "Fault Tree Analysis for Control Valves in Process Plants by using R." In 2019 IEEE 15th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cspa.2019.8696008.

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Hussien, Eng Mohamed Saied Essa Othman. "Decision tree approach for plants stoppage decision process due to power limitation." In 2014 International Conference on Engineering and Technology (ICET). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icengtechnol.2014.7016744.

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Wakefield, Donald J., and Steven A. Epstein. "Quantification of Fault Tree Models for Initiating Events." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29753.

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The computation of initiating event frequencies has received much attention in recent years. This attention reflects the importance of support system failures in the computation of core damage frequencies from internal events for nuclear power plants. Multi-train support system failures, such as a total loss of service water or a total loss of component cooling water, potentially represent significant impacts for many nuclear plant designs. The contribution to basic event importance from such initiator models has also been recognized, especially as part of the Mitigating Systems Performance Index (MSPI) program; Reference 1.

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Reports on the topic "Tree plants"

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.

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Young, Craig. Problematic plant monitoring in Arkansas Post National Memorial: 2006–2019. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286657.

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Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover, distribution, and location of these plants is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing these species. Based on surveys conducted in 2006, 2011, 2015, and 2019, Heartland Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 28 potentially problematic plant taxa in Arkansas Post National Memorial. Of the 23 species found in 2019, we characterized 9 as very low frequency, 7 as low frequency, 5 as medium frequency, and 2 as high frequency. Cover of all species was low with a single species slightly exceeding a 1-acre threshold based on a midpoint estimate. Efforts to control the woody invasive black locust, Chinese privet, and hardy orange appear to have successfully reduced the cover of these plants across the Memorial Unit. Japanese stiltgrass may have been increasing as recently as 2015, but a combination of recent flooding and control efforts may have stemmed the spread of this invasive grass. Efforts to control localized patches of Chinaberry tree also appear to have reduced the cover of this species. Outside of the problematic species currently subject

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Malhotra, Mini, Sachin Nimbalkar, Kristina Armstrong, Kiran Thirumaran, and Susana Garcia Gonzalez. PLANT WATER PROFILER: A WATER BALANCE AND TRUE COST OF WATER CALCULATOR FOR MANUFACTURING PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1778088.

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Duryea, Suzanne, and María Antonella Pereira. Transparencia y equidad en la distribución de vacunas COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe: Preguntas claves para abordar temas de género y diversidad. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003120.

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A medida que los países avanzan en la preparación de planes de distribución de vacunas COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), es imprescindible que se tomen medidas para asegurar que se realice de forma transparente y equitativa. Este documento plantea preguntas y acciones clave que pueden informar la transparencia y equidad en el despliegue de las vacunas COVID-19 durante su priorización, monitoreo y ejecución. El monitoreo y reporte del plan de vacunación es imprescindible para la transparencia. Por medio de un monitoreo riguroso, se puede confirmar si las vacunas están llegando a poblaciones vulnerables y tomar acciones correctivas de ser necesario. Se deben considerar tres aspectos en la etapa de ejecución de los planes de vacunación contra el COVID-19: la estrategia comunicacional, los mecanismos y ajustes que permiten el acceso a la vacunación para poblaciones vulnerables, y los mecanismos de consentimiento para poblaciones diversas. Es critico facilitar el acceso de los grupos vulnerables y asegurar que condiciones como la raza, la pertenencia étnica, el género, y el estado de discapacidad no sean un obstáculo para la vacunación.

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.

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Nelson, E. A., and H. M. Jr Westbury. Plant community development within the F- and H-Area tree-kill zone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10114290.

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Bergdahl, Aaron D., and Alison Hill. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-335.

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Riffle, Jerry W., and Glenn W. Peterson. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rm-gtr-129.

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Bergdahl, Aaron D., and Alison Hill. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-335.

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Meneguzzo, Dacia M., Andrew J. Lister, and Cody Sullivan. Summary of findings from the Great Plains Tree and Forest Invasives Initiative. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-177.

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