Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tree-Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Tree-Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Tree-Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber"

1

Zirnstein, Benjamin, Dietmar Schulze, and Bernhard Schartel. "Mechanical and Fire Properties of Multicomponent Flame Retardant EPDM Rubbers Using Aluminum Trihydroxide, Ammonium Polyphosphate, and Polyaniline." Materials 12, no. 12 (June 15, 2019): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12121932.

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In this study, multicomponent flame retardant systems, consisting of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), and polyaniline (PANI), were used in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. The multicomponent system was designed to improve flame retardancy and the mechanical properties of the rubber compounds, while simultaneously reducing the amount of filler. PANI was applied at low loadings (7 phr) and combined with the phosphorous APP (21 phr) and the mineral flame retardant ATH (50 phr). A comprehensive study of six EPDM rubbers was carried out by systematically varying the fillers to explain the impact of multicomponent flame retardant systems on mechanical properties. The six EPDM materials were investigated via the UL 94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), FMVSS 302, glow wire tests, and the cone calorimeter, showing that multicomponent flame retardant systems led to improved fire performance. In cone calorimeter tests the EPDM/APP/ATH/PANI composite reduced the maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) to 142 kW·m−2, a value 50% lower than that for the unfilled EPDM rubber. Furthermore, the amount of phosphorus in the residues was quantified and the mode of action of the phosphorous flame retardant APP was explained. The data from the cone calorimeter were used to determine the protective layer effect of the multicomponent flame retardant systems in the EPDM compounds.
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2

Oh, Jaeho, Gopi Sathi Shibulal, Bismark Mensah, Dae-Up Ahn, Seong-Jin Kim, Kwang-Un Jeong, and Changwoon Nah. "Lifetime Prediction of Flame Retardant-Filled Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Termonomer Rubber Compounds." Polymer Korea 39, no. 5 (September 30, 2015): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2015.39.5.795.

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3

You, Jiayi, Hikaru Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Ishii, Naoshi Hirai, and Yoshimichi Ohki. "Degradation of flame‐retardant ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber by radiation and steam." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 15, no. 11 (September 11, 2020): 1572–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.23227.

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4

Zirnstein, Benjamin, Dietmar Schulze, and Bernhard Schartel. "The impact of polyaniline in phosphorus flame retardant ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber (EPDM)." Thermochimica Acta 673 (March 2019): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2019.01.019.

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Chen, Ruiyu, Shouxiang Lu, Changhai Li, Manhou Li, and Siuming Lo. "Characterization of thermal decomposition behavior of commercial flame-retardant ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 122, no. 1 (May 26, 2015): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-015-4701-2.

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Yamaguchi, Hikaru, Hiroyuki Ishii, Naoshi Hirai, and Yoshimichi Ohki. "Degradation of Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Flame‐Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber by Thermal Aging." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 15, no. 4 (January 14, 2020): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.23079.

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7

Abitha, V. K., Ajay Vasudeo Rane, Rane Uday, Nikesh Samarth, Amit Vasudeo Rane, and Vinayak Kamble. "Studies in Effect of Nano Aluminium Trihydroxide Concentration on Flame Retardant Properties of Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber." Advanced Engineering Forum 14 (October 2015): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.14.3.

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The science and technology of synthetic polymers has undergone explosive growth in the last few decades and the number of different polymeric materials in our built environment increases almost daily. All organic polymers burn and thus entail some measure of fire hazard in some situations. With increasing awareness of the nation’s fire problem it has become evident that the problems associated with flammability of polymeric materials must be attacked and solved. With the large number of polymers in commercial use. Problems of flammability and fire retardation are complex and multifaceted properties have to be developed, or existing polymers must be modified by addition of fire-retardant compounds. EPDM Rubber has many attractive properties such as low shrinkage, ease of cure and processing, excellent moisture, solvent and chemical resistance, good mechanical and electrical properties, as well as ease of modification to optimize the properties. However flammability is a major limitation in area requiring high flame resistance. Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) due to its flame retardancy property is widely used as non reinforcing filler in wires and cable compound along with silica and carbon black. In this study carbon black is fully replaced by nano ATH to make environment friendly rubber products. However, the dispersion of nano particles in rubber is remarkably poor and hence techniques like melt mixing, solution mixing and master batching of nano ATH with EVA (Ethylene- vinyl acetate) are used to improve the dispersion of nano ATH particles in EPDM elastomers. In the current study we have used melt mixing for improving the dispersion of nano ATH and excellent results were obtained with optimum loading of nano ATH.
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8

Wang, Junsheng, Lei Xue, Bi Zhao, Guide Lin, Xing Jin, Dan Liu, Haibo Zhu, Jinjun Yang, and Ke Shang. "Flame Retardancy, Fire Behavior, and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant EPDM Containing Ammonium Polyphosphate/Pentaerythrotol and Expandable Graphite." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244035.

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The intumescent flame retardant ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) was prepared using intumescent flame retardant (IFR), including ammonium polyphosphate (APP) /pentaerythrotol (PER) and expandable graphite (EG), as the flame retardant agent. The effects of IFR and EG on the flame retardancy, fire behavior, and thermal stability of the EPDM were investigated. The results show that IFR and EG have excellent synergistic flame retardant effects. When the mass ratio of IFR to EG is 3:1 and the total addition content is 40 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the EPDM material (EPDM/IFR/EG) can reach 30.4%, and it can pass a V-0 rating in the vertical combustion (UL-94) test. Meanwhile, during the cone calorimetry test, the heat release rate and total heat release of EPDM/IFR/EG are 69.0% and 33.3% lower than that of the pure EPDM, respectively, and the smoke release of the material also decreases significantly, suggesting that the sample shows good fire safety. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of IFR and EG is systematically investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results indicate that IFR and EG have only physical interaction. Moreover, the reason why IFR exhibits a poor flame retardant effect in EPDM materials is explained.
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9

Su, Zhanpai, Pingkai Jiang, Qiang Li, Ping Wei, and Yong Zhang. "Toughening of Polypropylene Highly Filled with Aluminum Hydroxide." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 2 (February 2005): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300203.

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The flame retardant and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP), highly filled with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and toughened with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and zinc neutralized sulfated EPDM ionomer (Zn-S-EPDM), were studied along with their morphology. The PP matrix when highly filled with Al(OH)3 particles can achieve an adequate level of flame retardancy, but there is a decrease in the mechanical properties because of inadequate adhesion between the Al(OH)3 particles and the PP matrix and the strong tendency of the filler to agglomerate. The rubber incorporated in the PP/Al(OH)3 composites has two roles: as compatibilizer and toughening agent. Although ordinary EPDM significantly improves the Izod impact strength of the composites, the tensile properties are much worse because of the weak interfacial adhesion between the modifier and the matrix. Using Zn-S-EPDM instead EPDM, the tensile properties are much improved with only a slight decrease in toughness, because of improvements in the interfacial adhesion between modifier and matrix. SEM micrographs show that the rubber phase is dispersed in the continuous PP matrix and that most Al(OH)3 particles are uniformly distributed in the rubbery phase. Larger, obviously rubbery, domains can be seen in the PP/EPDM/Al(OH)3 ternary composites. Much finer rubbery domains were found in the PP/Zn-S-EPDM/Al(OH)3 composites.
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10

Andreev, A. N., P. M. Polyakova, Yu V. Olikhova, and A. M. Tolstov. "Research of Flame-Retardant and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Thermally Expanding Sealing Tapes Based on Polyolefin Thermoplastic Elastomers." Kauchuk i Rezina 80, no. 3 (2021): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47664/0022-9466-2021-80-3-140-143.

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A study of the flame-retardant (FR) properties, the degree of expansion (DE) and the strength properties of thermally expanding sealing tapes (TST) based on polyolefin thermoplastic elastomers is presented. Experimental TST based on ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (БК-E), and a semi-crystalline copolymer of ethylene and propylene (БК-V) with additives of oxidized graphite (OG) were obtained on laboratory equipment. DE, categories of FR and strength properties of БК-E and БК-V differ slightly. The morphology of the char foams of the obtained compositions was determined. Based on the summary of the results it was found that the composition of БК-E has a better FR in comparison with БК-V. It is estimated that this is primarily due to the nature of the polymer matrix of the compositions, as well as the distribution of components in it, in particular, OG, and their interaction with each other during the combustion process. It is shown that the properties of the developed TST are at the level of the existing ones. A further series of research is expected.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tree-Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber"

1

Agustin, Fernando. "The Investigation of Tree-Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber Insulated Medium Voltage Cable as an Alternative Underground Cable for Victorian Power Distribution Network." Thesis, 2021. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/42431/.

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Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) underground cables are widely used in Victorian power distribution networks due to its lower Dielectric Dissipation Factor (DDF) over Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) cable. Advancement in compounding technology led to the reduction of DDF in some EPR proprietary material. This research investigated the viability of silane-cured low-DDF Tree-Retardant EPR (TR-EPR) cable as an alternative over standard XLPE cable in Victoria. The thermal ageing behaviour of TR-EPR was studied by means of laboratory-based experimentation using accelerated ageing test to observe the time variation of its mechanical properties: tensile strength and elongation at break. Measurements of Partial Discharge (PD) were also conducted prior and after cable heating at service temperature. The results of the thermal ageing test and PD measurements were visually presented through graphs and plots. For the thermal ageing, a theoretical life model was used with the parameters determined using Least Square Regression Method (LSRM). Data from the TR- EPR thermal ageing test were mathematically extrapolated to service temperature through the Arrhenius law to determine the extent of validity of the results. The economic viability of the TR- EPR was also analysed. The results obtained can be utilised by network operators and large industrial companies when designing their underground cable system and taking into consideration the reliability and economy of the power system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Tree-Retardant Ethylene Propylene Rubber"

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Gorji, Amin, Sarajit Banerjee, and Shesha Jayaram. "Dielectric Characterization Study on Medium-Voltage Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) and Tree-Retardant Cross-Linked Polyethylene (TR-XLPE) Cables under Varying Thermal Conditions." In 2020 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference (EIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eic47619.2020.9158709.

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