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Journal articles on the topic 'Tree stand'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shao, Guofan, and Herman H. Shugart. "A Compatible Growth-Density Stand Model Derived from a Distance-Dependent Individual Tree Model." Forest Science 43, no. 3 (1997): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/43.3.443.

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Abstract A compatible growth-density stand model is developed for simulating forest stands with uniformly distributed trees (e.g., square spacing, equilateral triangle spacing, and 1:1.5 row to column ratio tree distribution patterns). The model is based on a distance-dependent individual-tree competition model. The independent variable in the individual-tree model is Hegyi's (1974) diameter-distance competition index with n = 8. The derived growth density stand model satisfies a necessary boundary condition (i.e., stand growth is zero either when stand density is zero or when stand density re

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2

Kholdaenko, Yulia A., Elena A. Babushkina, Liliana V. Belokopytova, et al. "The More the Merrier or the Fewer the Better Fare? Effects of Stand Density on Tree Growth and Climatic Response in a Scots Pine Plantation." Forests 14, no. 5 (2023): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050915.

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In forests, the growth and productivity of individual trees and stands as a whole are regulated by stand density among other factors, because access to vital resources is limited by competition between trees. On 18 experimental plots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) planted with a density of 500–128,000 trees/ha in the south taiga (Middle Siberia), interactions between stand density, tree- and stand-scale productivity, and tree-ring parameters were investigated. Tree-scale productivity variables, tree-ring width, and latewood width had stable negative allometric relationships with stand den

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3

Chisholm, Paul J., Camille S. Stevens-Rumann, and Thomas Seth Davis. "Interactions between Climate and Stand Conditions Predict Pine Mortality during a Bark Beetle Outbreak." Forests 12, no. 3 (2021): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030360.

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In temperate coniferous forests, biotic disturbances such as bark beetle outbreaks can result in widespread tree mortality. The characteristics of individual trees and stands, such as tree diameter and stand density, often influence the probability of tree mortality during a bark beetle outbreak. However, it is unclear if these relationships are mediated by climate. To test this, we assembled tree mortality data for over 3800 ponderosa pine trees from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots measured before and after a mountain pine beetle outbreak in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA. Logis

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4

Fraser, Erin C., Victor J. Lieffers, and Simon M. Landhäusser. "Age, stand density, and tree size as factors in root and basal grafting of lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 8 (2005): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-048.

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This study investigated stand factors associated with the rate of root graft formation in lodgepole pine stands. Forty plot areas, each containing 10 trees, were excavated in pure, even-aged pine stands in western Alberta. Exposed root systems were examined for grafts and various stand measurements were recorded at each plot. Results indicate that the number of grafts per square metre is controlled by plot tree density and tree diameter. Also, the percentage of grafted trees increased with both increasing tree age and decreasing distance between trees. Grafts also appear to form relatively ear

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5

Šēnhofa, Silva, Juris Katrevičs, Andis Adamovičs, et al. "Tree Damage by Ice Accumulation in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Stands Regarding Stand Characteristics." Forests 11, no. 6 (2020): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060679.

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Freezing rain is a frequently occurring, but relatively rarely studied disturbance in Europe, although ice accumulation may occasionally cause severe damage for forestry. We aimed to characterize ice-accumulation damage to overstory trees in spruce stands, assess the probability of damage based on the stand and individual tree parameters, and define the most significant parameters that affect the probability of individual tree damage in all stands and in recently thinned stands. Among the studied stands, the proportion of damaged overstory spruce ranged from 1.8% to 60.9% and was higher (p &lt

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Brūmelis, Guntis, Iluta Dauškane, Didzis Elferts, Linda Strode, Tatjana Krama, and Indrikis Krams. "Estimates of Tree Canopy Closure and Basal Area as Proxies for Tree Crown Volume at a Stand Scale." Forests 11, no. 11 (2020): 1180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111180.

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Research Highlights: Studies on tree canopy dwelling species often require simple proxies of tree canopy volume estimated at a stand level. These include allometrically related tree crown parameters such as crown area and basal area, and canopy cover. Background and Objectives: In monoculture Scot’s pine and mixed pine/Norway spruce forest, we aimed to test the relationships between tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree crown volume at a tree level and between densitometer canopy closure estimates and tree crown volume at a stand level. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out

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7

Ryall, K. L., and S. M. Smith. "Patterns of damage and mortality in red pine plantations following a major ice storm." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 2 (2005): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-180.

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The impact of a major ice storm in eastern Ontario on 28 pine plantations (red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; white pine, Pinus strobus L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was examined for 4 years after the event. Degree of crown loss and tree mortality were quantified in relation to tree and stand characteristics (e.g., tree species, diameter at breast height (DBH), stand density, stand edge versus interior). We also tested whether salvaging damaged material reduced subsequent tree mortality. Jack and Scots pine were 2.5 times more likely to be damaged by th

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8

Berrill, John-Pascal, and Christa M. Dagley. "Geographic Patterns and Stand Variables Influencing Growth and Vigor of Populus tremuloides in the Sierra Nevada (USA)." ISRN Forestry 2012 (December 6, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/271549.

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Awareness of geographic patterns and stand variables that influence tree growth will help forest managers plan appropriate management and monitoring strategies. We quantified influences of stand location, species composition, stand density, and tree size on aspen tree growth and vigor around the Lake Tahoe Basin in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California and Nevada, USA. Radial growth data were taken from increment cores. Aspen trees on the south and west sides of the lake grew 20–25% faster than aspen in north and east side stands. Diameter growth at 2,400 m elevation was 58% of growth at 1

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9

Yang, Bin, Wenyan Xue, Shichuan Yu, Jianyun Zhou, and Wenhui Zhang. "Effects of Stand Age on Biomass Allocation and Allometry of Quercus Acutissima in the Central Loess Plateau of China." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010041.

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We studied the effects of stand age on allocation and equation fitting of aboveground and below-ground biomass in four Quercus acutissima stands (14, 31, 46, and 63 years old) in the Central Loess Plateau of China. The stem wood, stem bark, branch, foliage, and belowground biomass of each of the 20 destructive harvesting trees were quantified. The mean total biomass of each tree was 28.8, 106.8, 380.6, and 603.4 kg/tree in the 14-, 31-, 46-, and 63-year-old stands, respectively. Aboveground biomass accounted for 72.25%, 73.05%, 76.14%, and 80.37% of the total tree biomass in the 14-, 31-, 46-,

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10

Jazbec, Anamarija, Damir Ugarković, Mladen Ognjenović, and Mislav Vedriš. "Influence of Tree Attributes on Silver Fir (Abies alba Mill.) Transitioning to Higher Defoliation Classes Determined by Logistic Regression." Forests 14, no. 7 (2023): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071322.

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The age, size and morphology of trees, including crown dimensions, can influence crown defoliation. In Croatia, the selection management of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests involves pure or mixed stands, either of which can be affected by various disturbances, resulting in unbalanced stand structures. The aim of this study was to estimate the probability of trees transitioning from one defoliation class to the next, examine the influence of tree attributes on that process and analyze the changes in survival over time. The study was conducted over a 18-year period (1990–2007) on two sites

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11

Stajic, Branko. "Definition of optimal structure of white ash juvenile stands." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 89 (2004): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf0489213s.

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Optimal structure of young white ash stands was studied in the region of Majdanpecka Domena. The stands are characterized by poor crown development and a high number of trees. The definition of the optimal stand structure was based on the analysis of causal relationships between crown structure and tree and stand increment. It was concluded that the optimal number of trees on the sample plots should be considerably lower compared to the actual number of trees. This would enable an economic utilization of growth space, forming of more efficient crown assimilation, faster growth and more effecti

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Remeš, J. "Transformation of even-aged spruce stands at the School Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy: Structure and final cutting of mature stand." Journal of Forest Science 52, No. 4 (2012): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4498-jfs.

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This paper deals with the transformation of pure even-aged forest stands to mixed and more uneven-aged stands on an example of selected even-aged Norway spruce stands in the School Forest Enterprise (SFE) in Kostelec nad Čern&yacute;mi lesy. A forest stand where individual tree felling was used as the main method of forest stand regeneration was chosen as a conversion example. The main criterion of tree maturity is the culmination of mean volume increment of a single tree. The analyses confirmed a very high variability in the growth potential of individual trees. The potential and actual i

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Rudnicki, Mark, Victor J. Lieffers, and Uldis Silins. "Stand structure governs the crown collisions of lodgepole pine." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 7 (2003): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-055.

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We investigated tree sway and crown collision behavior of even-aged lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands of different structure in Alberta, Canada, to examine how these factors might affect loss of leaf area as stands mature. The Two Creeks stand (TC) had high density and slender trees, while the Chickadee stand (CH) had stout trees. The TC stand was then thinned (TCT) to reduce the stand density. For each stand, simultaneous tree sways of a group of 10 trees were monitored with biaxial clinometers during wind speed of 5 m/s (canopy top). Crown collisio

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14

Ursić, Branko, Željko Zečić, and Dinko Vusić. "Quantity and Quality of Narrow-Leaved Ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) Wood Forest Products in Relation to Tree Crown Defoliation." Forests 16, no. 1 (2025): 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16010147.

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Forest stands are developing in changeable climate conditions that influence stand health and consequently assortment quality. Narrow-leaved ash is strongly affected by dieback because of new fungal diseases. The main aim of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of produced wood assortments in dieback-affected narrow-leaved ash stands. Based on the study results, the average tree value increased with tree diameter and partially decreased with tree crown defoliation degree. The healthy (crown defoliated up to 25%) and 3A (crown defoliated from 61 to 80%) trees had significantly h

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15

O'Hara, Kevin L., and Chadwick D. Oliver. "Three-Dimensional Representation of Douglas-Fir Volume Growth: Comparison of Growth and Yield Models with Stand Data." Forest Science 34, no. 3 (1988): 724–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/34.3.724.

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Abstract Growth and yield estimates for unthinned stands from the Douglas-fir Stand Simulator (DFSIM; Curtis et al. 1981) and the Tree and Stand Simulator (TASS; Mitchell and Cameron 1985) were used to construct graphical three-dimensional representations of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) stand growth on site index 44 meters (50 year). The three-dimensional models used three variables: trees per hectare, breast height age, and either mean tree volume or stand volume. The TASS and DFSIM models were in agreement over most of their common range of age and number of trees. At w

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16

Muir, Patricia S. "Disturbance effects on structure and tree species composition of Pinuscontorta forests in western Montana." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 8 (1993): 1617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-201.

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To what extent are stand structure and tree species composition affected by the nature of stand-initiating disturbances and other disturbances that cause significant tree mortality? I documented recent disturbance history and tree species composition, density, spatial pattern, and age structure in 48 stands dominated by Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. ssp. latifolia (Engelm.) Critchfield in western Montana. Stand modal ages ranged from 8 to 267 years, and sites were sampled across a range of elevations and aspects. Disturbance histories included stand-replacing fires (N = 25), partial burns (N =

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17

Shen, Guanghong, James A. Moore, and Charles R. Hatch. "The effect of habitat type and rock type on individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 4 (2000): 613–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-249.

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Individual tree basal area increment models for nitrogen fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots located throughout the Inland Northwest. Results show that tree size, stand density, habitat type, and rock type significantly interact to affect individual tree basal area growth response to nitrogen fertilization. Suppressed trees growing on moist habitat types and all rock types, except metasedimentary, exhibited greater relative response than did dominant or codominant trees growing in the same stand. However, suppressed trees growing on dry sites or on soils d

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18

Shibuya, Masato, and Satoshi Ishibashi. "Stand-level windthrow patterns and long-term dynamics of surviving trees in natural secondary stands after a stand-replacing windthrow event." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 92, no. 4 (2019): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpz015.

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Abstract We examined typhoon windthrow patterns in stand-scale permanent plots within three natural forests and the long-term dynamics of surviving trees in two of these plots. The aim was to verify whether pre-disturbance composition and structure affected windthrow damage and stand recovery. The stands, which were in Hokkaido, the northernmost main island of Japan, differed in pre-disturbance composition (coniferous, mixed and broadleaved stands) and structure, and the basal area losses by the windthrow event were 81–93 per cent. Tree mortality was significantly related to tree size (diamete

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19

Deng, Ziyun, Qing Xu, Shaohui Fan, et al. "Effects of Stand Structure on Aboveground Biomass in Mixed Moso Bamboo Forests in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, Fujian, China." Forests 16, no. 6 (2025): 905. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16060905.

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Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) serves as a crucial indicator of productivity and carbon storage capacity. While the impact of stand structure on AGB is well-documented for pure moso bamboo stands, the specific structural factors influencing AGB and the mechanisms driving these effects in mixed moso bamboo forests, characterized by species diversity and structural complexity, require further elucidation. This study analyzed 9453 bamboos and arbor trees within the TianBao MetaPlot, which were tessellated into 108 standard plots in Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve, Fujian, China. Using a mult

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20

Dutcă, Ioan, Richard Mather, and Florin Ioraş. "Tree biomass allometry during the early growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies) varies between pure stands and mixtures with European beech (Fagus sylvatica)." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48, no. 1 (2018): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0177.

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In this paper, we report an investigation of how forest stand mixture may affect biomass allometric relationships in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Analysis of aboveground biomass data was conducted for 50 trees: 25 sample trees from a pure Norway spruce stand and 25 from a mixed stand of Norway spruce with European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). ANCOVA results demonstrated that individual-tree biomass allometry of the pure stand significantly differed from that of the mixed stand. Allometric characteristics depended on the biomass component recorded and the type of biomass predictor us

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Pielou, E. C., J. S. Campbell, and V. J. Lieffers. "Comparison of the structures of even-aged aspen stands in three geographic regions." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (1986): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-020.

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Even-aged aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands in regions with contrasting climates differ from one another in the growth rates of individual stems and in the rates at which they self-thin. The dependence on stand age of four statistics describing stand structure (the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the distribution of tree girths and the number of trees in a 400-m2 plot) were studied in three geographical regions: northern Alberta, Yukon, and the Foothills of the Rocky Mountains in southern Alberta. Each region has unique stand statistics. The annual radial increment is least i

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Valdés, María, Juan Córdova, Martín Gómez, and Aurelio M. Fierros. "Understory Vegetation and Ectomycorrhizal Sporocarp Diversity Response to Pine Regeneration Methods in Oaxaca, Mexico." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 2 (2003): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/18.2.101.

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Abstract This study was carried out over a period of 3 yr in three stands of Pinus oaxacana in Oaxaca, Mexico. Our objective was to determine if pine regeneration, understory vegetation, and ectomycorrhizal (EM) sporocarps respond to increasing levels of site disturbance 5 yr after application of silvicultural treatments. Numbers of pine seedlings, trees, shrubs, and herbs, and numbers and richness of EM sporocarps were assessed in a control stand, a thinned stand, and a thinned and controlled burn stand. The thinned stand without slash burning (Seed Tree) had twice as many pine seedlings comp

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23

Litton, Creighton, Dennis Knight, and Michael Ryan. "Above-and Belowground Carbon Allocation in Post-Fire Lodgepole Pine Forests: Effects of Tree Density and Stand Age." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 25 (January 1, 2001): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2001.3475.

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Validating the different components of the carbon (C) budget in forest ecosystems is essential for developing allocation rules that allow accurate predictions of global C pools and fluxes. In addition, a better understanding of the effects of natural disturbances on C cycling is critical - particularly in light of changes in disturbance regimes that may occur with alterations in global climate. This study investigates the indirect effects of fire on C cycling in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex Wats.) stands in Yellowstone National Park by examining above- and belowgrou

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24

Marini, Francesco, Giovanna Battipaglia, Maria Chiara Manetti, Piermaria Corona, and Manuela Romagnoli. "Impact of Climate, Stand Growth Parameters, and Management on Isotopic Composition of Tree Rings in Chestnut Coppices." Forests 10, no. 12 (2019): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121148.

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Research Highlights: Chestnut trees’ (Castanea sativa Mill.) growth and their responses to climate are influenced by stand-characteristics and managements. This study highlighted that chestnut tree-ring growth is not particularly influenced by climate, while minimum temperature showed a positive relation with both intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) and δ¹8O. Background and Objectives: The aim is to check the responses of chestnut trees to climate conditions and the role of stand structure and management. Materials and Methods: Stands with 12–14-year-old shoots were studied using dendrochron

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Lee, Sang-Hyun, Dong-Hyuk Kim, Jin-Heon Jeong, et al. "Developing a Yield Table and Analyzing the Economic Feasibility for Acacia Hybrid Plantations in Achieving Carbon Neutrality in Southern Vietnam." Forests 13, no. 8 (2022): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081316.

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To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, overseas plantation projects have been conducted in several countries, including Vietnam. In the present study, stand growth models and a yield table were developed and used to analyze the economic feasibility of Acacia hybrid plantations in southern Vietnam. Diameter at breast height, tree height, and number of trees were determined in the field; basal area, mean height, dominant tree height, stand density, and stand volume were estimated using in situ data. The initial number of trees increased for five years and reached 4947 trees ha−1; tree numbers

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Shafii, Bahman, James A. Moore, and James D. Newberry. "Individual-tree diameter growth models for quantifying within-stand response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 8 (1990): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-153.

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Diameter-increment models for nitrogen-fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots in northern Idaho. The equations partially resembled PROGNOSIS model diameter growth formulations. Results indicated that both initial tree size and initial stand density produced significant interactions with treatment to explain an individual tree's response to fertilization. Larger trees in a stand showed more fertilization response than smaller trees. Furthermore, individual trees in low-density stands showed more fertilization response than those growing in high-density stands.

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Farooq, Taimoor, Wenjing Wu, Mulualem Tigabu, et al. "Growth, Biomass Production and Root Development of Chinese fir in Relation to Initial Planting Density." Forests 10, no. 3 (2019): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030236.

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Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb) Hook) is a commercially valuable timber species that is widely planted in southern China and accounts for 6.1% of the global plantation forests. However, appropriate planting density that ensures high plantation productivity is largely unexplored in this species. The aim of the study was to examine tree growth, biomass production, and its allocation among different organs in relation to initial planting density, and to examine whether planting density has an impact on root development. Mortality, diameter at breast height and tree-height of all trees

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McFadden, George, and Chadwick D. Oliver. "Three-Dimensional Forest Growth Model Relating Tree Size, Tree Number, and Stand Age: Relation to Previous Growth Models and to Self-Thinning." Forest Science 34, no. 3 (1988): 662–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/34.3.662.

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Abstract A generalized three-dimensional model for tree growth containing tree size, number of trees per area, and stand age on the three axes can be shown to incorporate three previous models in the theoretical absence of differentiation and self-thinning. The previous models, each incorporating two of the three axes, are: the sigmoid growth models of tree size/stand age; the relation of tree size (volume or diameter)/tree number; and the reverse-J-shaped mortality relation of maximum tree number/stand age. Information developed from one two-dimensional model can be transferred to the other m

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O'Hara, K. L. "Stand structure and growing space efficiency following thinning in an even-aged Douglas-fir stand." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18, no. 7 (1988): 859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x88-132.

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The growth of individual trees from four thinning treatments in a 64-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand was analyzed to determine desirable residual stand structures after thinning. Dominant and codominant trees had the highest individual tree stem volume growth rates over the previous 5 years, and accounted for most stand volume growth in thinned and unthinned stands. Two measures of growing space, crown projection area and sapwood basal area (a surrogate for leaf area), were used to measure how efficiently individual trees used their growing space. Crown classes

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Schaedel, Michael S., Andrew J. Larson, David L. R. Affleck, et al. "Long-term precommercial thinning effects on Larix occidentalis (western larch) tree and stand characteristics." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 7 (2017): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0074.

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Precommercial thinning (PCT) is used to increase tree size and shorten harvest rotation time. Short-term results from PCT studies often show a trade-off between individual-tree growth and net stand yield, while longer-term effects of PCT on tree growth and stand yield are less well documented. We used a 54-year-old PCT study to test long-term effects of forest density and thinning schedules on stand yield and tree-level characteristics in even-aged western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) stands. The study has three target densities (494, 890, and 1680 trees·ha−1) crossed with three thinning s

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HD, Japheth, Vange T, and Amonum JI. "Crown bole diameter linear equation for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz and its application to stand density control in natural stands." MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences 6, no. 1 (2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojes.2021.06.00209.

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At present, no adequate information on the application of crown-bole diameter model to stand density and stock control for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz open grown trees for sustainable forest management in the study area. The species numbers are threatened, because farmers and foresters do not actively plant this tree species. Livestock, fire, and anthropogenic activities are few factors that limit the success of natural regeneration of the species; and is facing regeneration problem. These have led to the species declining in the natural forest areas and the loss of biological v

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Saksa, Timo, Jori Uusitalo, Harri Lindeman, Esko Häyrynen, Sampo Kulju, and Saija Huuskonen. "Decision Support Tool for Tree Species Selection in Forest Regeneration Based on Harvester Data." Forests 12, no. 10 (2021): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101329.

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Precision forestry—i.e., the division of a stand to smaller units and managing of the stand at a micro-stand level—provides new possibilities to increase forest growth, arrange forest stand structure and enhance forest health. In the regeneration phase by adjusting the tree species selection, soil preparation, intensity of regeneration measures (method, planting density, and material), and young stand management procedures according to precise information on soil properties (e.g., site fertility, wetness, and soil type) and microtopography will inevitably lead to an increase in growth of the w

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Šebeň, Vladimír, Bohdan Konôpka, Michal Bošeľa, and Jozef Pajtík. "Contrasting development of declining and living larch-spruce stands after a disturbance event: A case study from the High Tatra Mts." Forestry Journal 61, no. 3 (2015): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2015-0024.

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AbstractThe decline of spruce stands caused by bark beetle outbreaks is a serious economic and ecological problem of forestry in Slovakia. In the preceding period, the decline affected mainly secondary spruce forests. Over the last decade, due to large bark-beetle outbreaks this problem has been observed also in natural spruce forests, even at high elevations. We dealt with this issue in a case study of short-term development of larch-spruce stands in the High Tatras (at a site called Štart). We compared the situation in the stand infested by bark beetles several years after the wind-throw in

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McCullough, Deborah G., Lyle J. Buss, Larry D. Marshall, and Jari Kouki. "Relating jack pine budworm damage to stand inventory variables in northern Michigan." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 12 (1996): 2180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-247.

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Stand-level mortality and top kill from a 1991–1993 jack pine budworm (Choristoneurapinuspinus Freeman) outbreak were surveyed annually in the Raco Plains area of the Hiawatha National Forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula from 1992 to 1994. Defoliation was visually estimated and percentage of trees killed or top killed was determined in 104 stands. In 1994, tree mortality attributable to the outbreak averaged 8% and 17% of trees had dead tops. Current stand inventory data, including age, site index, basal area, and size, were acquired from the Hiawatha Forest. Stands were grouped on the basis

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Negrón, José F. "Within-Stand Distribution of Tree Mortality Caused by Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins." Insects 11, no. 2 (2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11020112.

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The mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a bark beetle that attacks and kills ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), among other pine species throughout the western conifer forests of the United States and Canada, particularly in dense stands comprising large trees. There is information on the stand conditions that the insect prefers. However, there is a paucity of information on how small-scale variation in stand conditions influences the distribution of tree mortality within a stand. I examined the small-scale distribution of ponderosa pine basal area pre- and post a mountain p

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Maltamo, Matti, Lauri Mehtätalo, Jari Vauhkonen, and Petteri Packalén. "Predicting and calibrating tree attributes by means of airborne laser scanning and field measurements." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 42, no. 11 (2012): 1896–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x2012-134.

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This paper examines the calibration of airborne laser scanning based tree attribute models to separate data by applying a best linear unbiased predictor. Firstly, single Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) trees were identified from dense airborne laser scanning data. Secondly, seemingly unrelated mixed-effects models for diameter at breast height, tree height, volume, dead branch height, and crown base height were constructed using airborne laser scanning based height metrics as predictors at both the area and individual tree level. Finally, these models were calibrated to validation stands usi

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Ostrofsky, W. D., R. S. Seymour, and R. C. Lemin Jr. "Damage to northern hardwoods from thinning using whole-tree harvesting technology." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 6 (1986): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-219.

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A mechanized whole-tree harvesting system, which has recently found widespread use in northern New England, was evaluated for its impact on residual crop trees in two northern hardwood stands in western Maine. Stand type, skid trail spacing, and whether or not skid trails were designated prior to harvesting significantly influenced stand damage levels. A higher mean percentage of residual trees was injured in a Betulapapyrifera Marsh, stand (49%) than in similar treatments in a Fagusgrandifolia Ehrh. – Quercusrubra L. stand (32%). A spacing of 20 m between predesignated trails resulted in less

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Ex, Seth A., R. Justin DeRose, and James N. Long. "Stand Development and Population Dynamics of Curlleaf Mountain Mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) Woodlands in Utah's Bear River Mountains." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 26, no. 4 (2011): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/26.4.183.

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Abstract Curlleaf mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius Nutt.) is a little-studied woodland tree that occurs in pure stands throughout the Intermountain West. Stand development and population dynamics of this species are poorly understood, despite their relevance to management. We describe here the development of stand age structures and population dynamics of mahogany woodlands in northern Utah using tree ages and measurements representing five structurally diverse stands. Establishment periods in all stands lasted decades, and regeneration continued intermittently in the absence of stand

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Koricheva, Julia, Harri Vehviläinen, Janne Riihimäki, Kai Ruohomäki, Pekka Kaitaniemi, and Hanna Ranta. "Diversification of tree stands as a means to manage pests and diseases in boreal forests: myth or reality?" Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, no. 2 (2006): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-172.

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Pure forest stands are widely believed to be more prone to pest outbreaks and disease epidemics than mixed stands, leading to recommendations of using stand diversification as a means of controlling forest pests and pathogens. We review the existing evidence concerning the effects of stand tree-species diversity on pests and pathogens in forests of the boreal zone. Experimental data from published studies provide no overall support for the hypothesis that diversification of tree stands can prevent pest outbreaks and disease epidemics. Although beneficial effects of tree-species diversity on st

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Yang, Yuqing, Shongming Huang, Shawn X. Meng, Guillermo Trincado, and Curtis L. VanderSchaaf. "A multilevel individual tree basal area increment model for aspen in boreal mixedwood stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 11 (2009): 2203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-123.

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Based on a multilevel nonlinear mixed model approach, a basal area increment model was developed for individual aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) trees growing in boreal mixedwood stands in Alberta. Various stand and tree characteristics were evaluated for their contributions to model improvement. Total stand basal area, basal area of larger trees, and the ratio of target tree height to maximum stand height were found to be significant predictors. When random effects were modeled at the plot level alone, correlations among normalized residuals remained significant. These correlations were su

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Siipilehto, Jouni, Helena M. Henttonen, Matti Katila, and Harri Mäkinen. "Using Multi-Source National Forest Inventory Data for the Prediction of Tree Lists of Individual Stands for Long-Term Simulation." Remote Sensing 16, no. 14 (2024): 2513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16142513.

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Forest resource maps and small area estimates have been produced by combining national forest inventory (NFI) field plot data, multispectral satellite images and numerical map data. We evaluated k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) method-based predictions of forest variables for pixels in predicting tree lists of individual stands, including tree diameters at breast height and tree heights and then calculated stem volumes and tree species proportions. We compared alternative parameters (k-NN) using k of either 1 or 5 according to preliminary plot-level study and applying either measured trees (1-NN_tre

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Lejeune, P. "Développement d'un modèle de type arbre appliqué à la croissance des peuplements feuillus irréguliers du sud de la Belgique." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 10 (1996): 1838–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-209.

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A model predicting circumference growth of individual trees has been developed for mixed irregular stands dominated by Fagussilvatica L. in southeastern Belgium. This model integrates simultaneously tree, stand, and growing site characteristics without considering distances between individual trees. It has a determination coefficient of 40.1% and a residual standard deviation of 0.45 cm/year. Forest mensuration variables considered in the model are circumference, tree social position represented by the total basal area of trees greater than the subject tree, stand basal area, and some index of

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Litton, Creighton M., Michael G. Ryan, Daniel B. Tinker, and Dennis H. Knight. "Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree density." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 2 (2003): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-181.

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As much as 40% of live biomass in coniferous forests is located belowground, yet the effect of tree density on biomass allocation is poorly understood. We developed allometric equations using traditional harvesting techniques to estimate coarse root biomass for [Formula: see text]13-year-old postfire lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.). We then used these equations, plus estimates of fine root and aboveground biomass, to estimate total tree biomass and belowground to aboveground biomass ratios in young postfire lodgepole pine stands with a wide range of

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Cole, Dennis M. "An indirect method for determining the order of expected thinning response among overstocked lodgepole pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, no. 5 (1986): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-156.

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Relationships for representing relative thinning response potential among overstocked lodgepole pine stands were investigated with data from 31 stands in four National Forests of Idaho. The common logarithm of mean 10-year cross-sectional increment of dominant and codominant trees on stand edges created by clearing was the dependent variable selected for examining relationships with a large number of tree, stand, and site variables. A linear regression model explained nearly 60% of the variance in the response variable. The model included variables representing mean 10-year periodic cross-sect

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Ray, David, Ruth D. Yanai, Ralph D. Nyland, and Terry R. McConnell. "Growing-Space Relationships in Young Even-Aged Northern Hardwood Stands Based on Individual-Tree and Plot-Level Measurements." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 1 (2011): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.1.27.

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Abstract The amount of growing space occupied by trees of given sizes and species is traditionally assessed on a plot basis, using observations from groups of trees growing within an area of fixed size. Our study combines individual-tree with plot-based observations of upper-canopy trees representing a range of shade tolerance (Fagus grandifolia ≥ Acer saccharum > Betula alleghaniensis ≥ Fraxinus americana) in three young, fully stocked, even-aged northern hardwood stands. The amount of canopy growing space used by a stem of given size was described by the ratios of crown projection area an

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Prestemon, Jeffrey P., and Joseph Buongiorno. "Determinants of tree quality and lumber value in natural uneven-aged southern pine stands." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 2 (2000): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-191.

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An ordered-probit model was developed to predict tree grade from tree- and stand-level variables, some of which could be changed by management. Applied to uneven-aged mixed loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) - shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands, the model showed that the grade of pine trees was highly correlated with tree diameter, tree height, and stand basal area, in non-linear fashion. In addition, a tree was more likely to be of high quality if it grew on industry or government forestland, on poorer sites, and in stands that had been partially cut in the past. However, the effects of chan

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Ahtikoski, Anssi, Jouni Siipilehto, Hannu Salminen, Mika Lehtonen, and Jari Hynynen. "Effect of Stand Structure and Number of Sample Trees on Optimal Management for Scots Pine: a Model-Based Study." Forests 9, no. 12 (2018): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9120750.

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This study presents an attempt to discover the effect of sample size on the financial outcome derived by stand-level optimization with individual tree modeling. The initial stand structure was altered to reflect sparse, average, and dense Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands. The stands had varying numbers of stems but identical weighted median diameters and stand basal areas. The hypothetical Weibull diameter distributions were solved according to the parameter recovery method. The trees were systematically sampled with respect to the tree basal area corresponding to sample sizes of 10, 20

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Sytnyk, Svitlana, Viktoriia Lovynska, and Ivan Lakyda. "Foliage biomass qualitative indices of selected forest forming tree species in Ukrainian Steppe." Folia Oecologica 44, no. 1 (2017): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foecol-2017-0005.

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AbstractOur study objective was research on the assimilation component of aboveground biomass of trees and its correlation with mensurational indices of trees (age, diameter and height) in stands of the main forest forming species in the Ukrainian Northern Steppe zone - Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black locust). The research was carried out in forest stands subordinated to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine. We used experimental data collected on sample plots established during years 2014-2016. The main research results prove that the foliage shar

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Gehringer, Kevin R., and Eric C. Turnblom. "Constructing a virtual forest: Using hierarchical nearest neighbor imputation to generate simulated tree lists." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 7 (2014): 711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0020.

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A nearest neighbors method for generating simulated tree lists has been developed. The method employs an implicit two-scale hierarchy to incorporate information from a coarse scale representing the distribution of stand attributes across a region and a fine scale representing the distribution of tree attributes within a stand. The tree list generation method was implemented and tested using data from untreated, naturally regenerated and planted forests in western Oregon, western Washington, and southern British Columbia west of the Cascade Mountains. Simulated tree lists were generated from st

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Konôpka, Bohdan, Jozef Pajtík, and Vladimír Šebeň. "Biomass Modeling in European Beech and Norway Spruce Plantations: An Opportunity to Enhance the Carbon Market and Climate Sustainability." Sustainability 17, no. 9 (2025): 4198. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094198.

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This study examines the differences in growth patterns, biomass accumulation, and carbon storage between planted European beech and Norway spruce in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia. Two approaches were used to analyze young forest trees and stands: destructive tree sampling and repetitive tree measurements. Biomass modeling was conducted for individual tree components and entire trees, demonstrating that stem diameter and height were strong predictors of biomass. Notably, beeches exhibited greater tree biomass than spruces when analyzed at the same stem diameter, whereas the opposite trend w

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