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Journal articles on the topic 'Trees in the cities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Mitchell, Alan. "TREES FOR TOWNS AND CITIES." Arboricultural Journal 9, no. 4 (1985): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1985.9746727.

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2

Arnold, Henry. "Sustainable Trees for Sustainable Cities." Arnoldia 53, no. 3 (1993): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.251099.

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3

Šerá, Božena. "Salt-tolerant trees usable for Central European cities – Review." Horticultural Science 44, No. 1 (2017): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/201/2015-hortsci.

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The present text is focused on an actual problem of planting of inappropriate tree taxa in many cities. It explains the causes of contaminated soils by winter salt management and principles of the toxic effect on plants. The paper summarizes the problem and brings solution. Town places with salt-contaminated soil should not be fitted with: spruce (Picea), pine (Pinus), linden (Tilia) and maples (Acer). On the other hand, resistant species are: ash (Fraxinus), poplar (Populus), willow (Salix), silverberry (Eleagnus), black locust (Robinia). Both lists of sensitive and salt-tolerant tree species

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4

MacKenzie, Rob, Tom Pugh, and Chris Rogers. "Sustainable cities: seeing past the trees." Nature 468, no. 7325 (2010): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/468765b.

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5

Song, Xiao Ping, Daniel Richards, Peter Edwards, and Puay Yok Tan. "Benefits of trees in tropical cities." Science 356, no. 6344 (2017): 1241.1–1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aan6642.

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6

Asanok, Lamthai, Torlarp Kamyo, Monthon Norsaengsri, Teeka Yotapakdee, and Suwit Navakam. "Assessment of the Diversity of Large Tree Species in Rapidly Urbanizing Areas along the Chao Phraya River Rim, Central Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810342.

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Urban trees provide numerous ecosystem services in cities such as pollution absorption and reduced urban heat island intensity, energy use, and mental fatigue. Understanding urban tree species diversity can enhance tree planning and management in rapidly urbanizing areas. However, few studies have examined the effects of urbanization on urban tree diversity in Thailand. This study assessed the diversity of large trees in urban landscapes including 11 cities along the 372 km Chao Phraya River Rim in central Thailand. Species diversity, importance value, and distribution were evaluated in each c

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Kjelgren, Roger, Yongyut Trisurat, Ladawan Puangchit, Nestor Baguinon, and Puay Tan Yok. "Tropical Street Trees and Climate Uncertainty in Southeast Asia." HortScience 46, no. 2 (2011): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.2.167.

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Urban trees are a critical quality of life element in rapidly growing cities in tropical climates. Tropical trees are found in a wide variety of habitats governed largely by the presence and duration of monsoonal dry periods. Tropical cities can serve as a proxy for climate change impacts of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), urban heat island, and drought-prone root zones on successful urban trees. Understanding the native habitats of species successful as tropical urban trees can yield insights into the potential climate impact on those habitats. Species from equatorial and montane wet forests w

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Beisembay, Aigerim Zhanatqyzy, Ainagul Kenzheshovna Ospanova, and Almagul Kali. "Powdery mildews fungi of trees of Karaganda, Balkhash and Temirtau cities." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 109, no. 1 (2023): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2023bmg1/37-43.

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Karaganda region is a major industrial center of our country. In such cities of the region as Karaganda,Temirtau and Balkhash there are large enterprises of ferrous metallurgy, construction, chemical JSC “ArcelorMittal Temirtau”, JSC “Temirtau Electrometallurgical Combine”, LLP “Ecominerals”, JSC “CentralAsia Cement”, “Agat-Service” LLP, JSC “Kazakhstan Invest Comir”, LLP “Kazakhmys Corporation”, LLP “MMC Kazpolymetal”, Metal-Kit Karaganda, LLP “Mining and Metallurgical Combine”, Nonferrous metals processing plant, etc. All technogenic factors lead to a decrease in plant productivity and often

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9

Moser-Reischl, Astrid, Thomas Rötzer, Stephan Pauleit, and Hans Pretzsch. "Urban Tree Growth Characteristics of Four Common Species in South Germany." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 47, no. 4 (2021): 150–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2021.015.

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Urban trees are important, green features of cities. However, knowledge of the size development of frequently planted tree species, which is the basis for modeling environmental benefits of urban trees, is mostly limited. Within this study, allometric relationships for tree structures like tree height, crown parameters, and leaf area were developed for 4 common urban tree species in South Germany (horse chestnut [Aesculus hippocastanum], small-leaved lime [Tilia cordata], black locust [Robinia pseudoacacia], and plane tree [Platanus × hispanica]). Growth and size differences between different

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10

Li, Kaidi, and Guangfu Zhang. "Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern of Heritage Trees in the Rapidly-Urbanizing Province of Jiangsu, China." Forests 12, no. 11 (2021): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111543.

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Heritage trees have important ecological, historical, and landscape values in cities. Rapid urbanization may cause dramatic change of ecosystem functions of cities, thereby inevitably affecting the growth performance of ancient trees. However, few studies have explored their species diversity and spatial differentiation on the medium scale in the scenario of urbanization in China. Here, we took Jiangsu Province in China, with developed economy in recent decades, as a typical case. Based on the provincial forest inventory data, we addressed the abundance, species richness, tree density, and spe

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11

L., C. SEHOUN, A. OSSENI A., O. LOUGBEGNON T., and C. T. CODJIA J. "Specific diversity, structure and carbon stock of urban plant formations in southern Benin." Moroccan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 3 (2021): 147–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8052986.

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The sustainable management of urban green spaces requires the monitoring of the structural parameters of theirs trees. This study, which was carried out in the cities of Abomey-Calavi, Allada and Cotonou in southern Benin, aimed to describe the dendrometric parameters and the rate of carbon stored by urban trees. The inventory of trees planted in two types of urban forests (greened public spaces and shade rows) was performed using the roving survey method at the level of each city. Then, presence and absence data of all trees, as well as diameter at breast height (DBH) >= 10 cm and height &

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12

Cruz-Sandoval, Marco, María Isabel Ortego, and Elisabet Roca. "Tree Ecosystem Services, for Everyone? A Compositional Analysis Approach to Assess the Distribution of Urban Trees as an Indicator of Environmental Justice." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (2020): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031215.

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Trees provide a broad amount of ecosystem services in urban areas. Although it is well documented that trees are essential for the well-being and livability of cities, trees are often not evenly distributed. Studies have found that urban residents with a deprived socioeconomic status are associated with a lower coverage and access to urban trees in their communities, yet a fair distribution of trees contributes to the sustainability and resilience of cities. In this context, the environmental justice movement seeks to ensure equal distribution of green infrastructure and its benefits throughou

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13

Diana Grecia, Alamilla-Martínez, Tenorio-Sánchez Sergio Arturo, and Gómez-Ramírez Marlenne. "Review: Implications of Air Pollution on Trees Located in Urban Areas." Earth 6, no. 2 (2025): 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/earth6020038.

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Air pollution in cities is intensifying, inevitably affecting all living organisms, gincluding trees. Urban trees are vital for cities because they improve air quality and regulate the climate; however, like all living organisms, they are affected by the environment to which they are exposed. In cities, the primary atmospheric pollutants of inorganic origin include NO, SOX, COX, O3, and suspended particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10). Each of these pollutants impacts population health, with urban trees undergoing a series of consequent alterations. In this study, we review the inorganic pollutan

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14

Verma, O. S. "Tree Cover: Bulwarks against Fury of the Nature." Journal of extension systems 37, no. 1 (2021): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jes.2021.37106.

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Over 30 per cent Indians now live in cities. In the next 15 years, over 20 per cent more are likely to be added. Cities will thus be most impacted by the bulwarks against fury of the nature. More we remove of urban nature, the more we need these bulwarks. Green Spaces, water bodies, and trees are the bulwarks. They provide shelters to the urban poors and cool the environmental heat. Unprivileged and migrant workers do not have home of their own. They seek refuge under the trees. The trees are thus the panacea of defensive wall against vagaries of the nature. Trees cover, however, is rapidly di

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15

Haase, Dagmar, and Rebecca Hellwig. "Effects of heat and drought stress on the health status of six urban street tree species in Leipzig, Germany." Trees, Forests and People 8, June 2022 (2022): 100252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2022.100252.

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Trees are one of the most important elements of green infrastructure in cities. Climate change is specifically affecting trees in many European cities. Trees are experiencing negative impacts from the increase in heat waves and droughts, both of which begin, in some cases, early in the year and continue through the growing season. Current studies on the regionalization of climate change indicate that important water reservoirs such as soil and tree canopies have been drying out for years/decades, and these impacts can be observed in various parts of Europe. Trees react to stress as they age th

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16

Xing, Yang, and Peter Brimblecombe. "Trees and parks as “the lungs of cities”." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 48 (February 2020): 126552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2019.126552.

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17

Kielbaso, J. James. "Trends and Issues in City Forests." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 16, no. 3 (1990): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1990.020.

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A survey of 2,787 city tree managers in 1986 resulted in a 38% return. Only 38% know with certainty how many trees are on their streets. There are an estimated 61,654,000 street trees in the 7,043 U.S. cities represented. If spaced 30 feet apart they would occupy 1,937 square miles. It is estimated that there are 10 private trees for each street tree. The average value per street tree in 47 cities able to estimate, is $525. Annual expenditures to maintain these trees average $10.62. At 6% interest this expenditure would reach $500 in 23 years. Tree care remains only .49% of city budgets, and a

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18

Ogunbode, Timothy Oyebamiji. "Sustainability and Challenges of Climate Change Mitigation through Urban Reforestation:A Review." Forest Research: Open Access 10, no. 3 (2021): 8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11125825.

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In attempts to subdue the negative implications of climate change scenario globally, several drastic measures need to be put in place. One of such measures is urban reforestation especially in the developing nations where forest resources have extremely and uncontrollably exploited. Apart from some administrative centres which are provided with trees that are maintained passionately by the government through their relevant agencies, most of other cities in Africa are devoid of trees for whatever purpose. Lands are cleared to be replaced with either buildings or open spaces without any attempt

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., WIRYONO, YANSEN ., ADITYA ., DAVID JUARA LAMHOT, and JURIAH HUTAHAEAN. "Short Communication: The species diversity and composition of roadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (2018): 1615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190503.

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Wiryono, Yansen, Aditya, Lamhot DJ, Hutahaean J. 2018. Short Communication: The species diversity and composition ofroadside trees in five cities in Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1615-1621. Roadside trees make living in a city more enjoyable dueto their aesthetic values and ecosystem services. The ecological benefits of roadside trees may be enhanced by increasing the speciesdiversity and the proportion of native species. The objective of this study was to know the species diversity and composition of roadsidetrees in the cities of Palembang, Bengkulu, Curup, Pematang Siantar and Argam

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20

Zhang, Yaoqi, and Bin Zheng. "Urban Trees Programs from Municipal Officials' Perspective: Evidence from Alabama, U.S." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 4 (2012): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.024.

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Using survey data, this study explored Alabama municipal employees and policy makers’ perception of urban trees, financing, governing, and information sharing regarding urban forest management. Results suggest that the importance of urban trees is widely recognized by local municipal employees and policymakers. They also believe that urban trees would increase property value and promote community pride. Ecological benefits were, however, less valued. Alabama, U.S. cities spent less than USD $60,000 per year on tree planting, tree maintenance, debris, and tree removal. Cities with a large popul

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21

Luley, Christopher, David Nowak, and Eric Greenfield. "Frequency and Severity of Trunk Decay in Street Tree Maples in Four New York Cities." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 35, no. 2 (2009): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2009.017.

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A proportional random selection of street tree Norway, silver, and sugar maples, and other species among four diameter classes were surveyed in the U.S.’ New York cities of Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse for decay incidence and severity. Decay was determined by drilling sampled trees with a Resistograph and calculating the ratio of sound wood to radius. Overall, 58.3% of the sampled trees had some amount of decay and incidence was highest in sugar maples and in the largest size class trees. However, decay incidence was high (53.2%) even in the smallest diameter tree size class (30.5–

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22

ZIBTSEVA, Olha. "TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN TWO SMALL CITIES OF KYIV REGION, UKRAINE." AgroLife Scientific Journal 10, no. 2 (2021): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17930/agl2021227.

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The diversity of trees is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of urban forests, but it has hardly been studied in small towns in Ukraine. This study examines the diversity of urban tree species in two small towns in the capital region of Ukraine. The results show that the richest species composition of Vyshgorod city in the adjoining the houses territories and in mini-parks. A total of 100 species and forms of trees and shrubs have been found in the city. 27 species of trees and shrubs are represented In Ukrainka city. Spiraea vanhouttei, Syringa vulgaris and the genus Spiraea a

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23

Lohr, Virginia I., and Caroline H. Pearson-Mims. "Urban Residents Rate the Benefits of Trees in Cities Highly and Are Unconcerned with Problems Associated with Trees." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1136B—1136. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1136b.

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In a survey, residents of the largest metropolitan areas in the continental United States rated the social, environmental, and practical benefits from trees in urban areas highly. They ranked the ability of trees to shade and cool surroundings highest. The potential of trees to help people feel calmer was ranked second highest. Survey respondents were not very concerned about potential problems with trees in cities, and felt that trees should be planted in cities regardless of any annoyance. Practical problems with trees, such as causing allergies, were bigger concerns than were financial issu

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Fäth, Julian, John Friesen, Andrea Sofia Garcia de León, et al. "Urban Trees for Changing Climates: Insights for Bavarian Cities." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-7-2025 (May 25, 2025): 267–73. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-7-2025-267-2025.

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Abstract. Urban trees have the capability to enhance ecological city resilience. By providing vital ecosystem services mitigation of urban heat island effects, management of stormwater, or support of biodiversity can be improved. Climate change, however, poses challenges to urban trees in general, and in particular for Bavarian cities. This study uses the climate envelope approach to assess the future climatic suitability of native and non-native tree species in 21 Bavarian cities (Germany). Using climate projections from the CHELSA dataset under the SSP5-RCP8.5 scenario, we evaluate temperatu

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25

Morgenroth, Justin, David Nowak, and Andrew Koeser. "DBH Distributions in America’s Urban Forests—An Overview of Structural Diversity." Forests 11, no. 2 (2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020135.

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Background and Objectives: The structural diversity of an urban forest affects ecosystem service provision, and can inform management, planning, as well as policy. Trunk diameter at breast height (DBH) is amongst the most common measures of tree structure due to its ease of measurement and strong relationships with other structural and non-structural urban forest characteristics. Materials and Methods: In this study, the DBH distributions of urban forests are summarised for 38 American cities with a combined population of over 30 million people and a range of geographic, climatic, and demograp

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26

Quan Sun, Wen. "Quantifying Species Diversity of Streetside Trees in our Cities." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 18, no. 2 (1992): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1992.021.

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Biological/genetic diversity is a key factor in the stability and disease tolerance of streetside tree populations. Low species diversity may leave the tree population more vulnerable to new stress environments, both abiotic and biotic. Monitoring and enriching the species diversity level has become an important issue in streetside tree planning and management. The present study introduces an index to species diversity in streetside tree populations (SDI). SDI allows quantitative comparisons of species diversity between tree populations. SDIs of 21 cities and towns are calculated based on lite

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27

Gilbertson, P., and A. D. Bradshaw. "THE SURVIVAL OF NEWLY PLANTED TREES IN INNER CITIES." Arboricultural Journal 14, no. 4 (1990): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.1990.9746850.

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28

Raupp, Michael, Anne Cumming, and Erin Raupp. "Street Tree Diversity in Eastern North America and Its Potential for Tree Loss to Exotic Borers." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 6 (2006): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.038.

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In light of catastrophic tree losses caused by Dutch elm disease, foresters recommended that the urban forest be diversified. The intent was to create a more sustainable urban forest that would not be decimated by a single pathogen or insect pest. However, recent introductions of deadly borers such as Asian longhorned beetle and emerald ash borer reveal that new introductions can have disastrous consequences for urban forests. An analysis of tree inventories from 12 cities in eastern North America reveals an overabundance of certain genera of trees such as Acer and Fraxinus. Introduced pests w

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29

Lohr, Virginia, Caroline Pearson-Mims, John Tarnai, and Don Dillman. "How Urban Residents Rate and Rank the Benefits and Problems Associated with Trees in Cities." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 30, no. 1 (2004): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2004.004.

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Residents of the largest metropolitan areas in the continental United States were surveyed about the benefits and problems of trees in urban areas. The public rated the social, environmental, and practical benefits of trees highly. The ability of trees to shade and cool surroundings was the highest-ranked benefit. Their potential to help people feel calmer was ranked second highest. Potential problems with trees were not considered to be reasons not to use trees. Practical problems, such as causing allergies, were bigger concerns than were financial issues. People who strongly agreed that tree

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30

Gleason, Mark, Sharon Parker, Tiffany Engle, et al. "Ash Yellows Occurrence and Association with Slow Growth of Green Ash in Iowa and Wisconsin Cities." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 23, no. 2 (1997): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1997.010.

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Green ash in nine cities in Iowa and Wisconsin were surveyed in August and September 1994 for occurrence and impact of ash yellows (AshY) phytoplasma infection. In each city, the survey included 12 arbitrarily selected trees in each of three crown condition categories: less than 10% crown dieback, 11 to 30% crown dieback, and more than 30% crown dieback. Up to four trees per community with witches'-brooms were also sampled. Occurrence of phytoplasmal infection in sampled trees lacking witches'-brooms ranged from 3% to 19% among the cities in the survey. The number of trees that tested positive

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31

Rudl, Ales, Ivo Machar, Lubos Uradnicek, Ludek Praus, and Vilem Pechanec. "Young urban trees as important structures in the cultural heritage of cities – a case study from Prague." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 3 (2019): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0014.

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Abstract Urban trees generate numerous ecosystem services, and these are often closely associated with the species, age and size of trees as well as with their vitality. Generally, the focus of urban and regional planning is aimed at very large trees, because very large trees are considered to be key green structures in an urban green infrastructure. However, there is a significant knowledge gap related to the importance of young trees in cities, despite their value in urban green spaces, greenways, parks, gardens, urban forests, and as components of green roofs and green walls. This study is

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Fuentes, Sigfredo, Eden Tongson, and Claudia Gonzalez Viejo. "Urban Green Infrastructure Monitoring Using Remote Sensing from Integrated Visible and Thermal Infrared Cameras Mounted on a Moving Vehicle." Sensors 21, no. 1 (2021): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21010295.

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Climate change forecasts higher temperatures in urban environments worsening the urban heat island effect (UHI). Green infrastructure (GI) in cities could reduce the UHI by regulating and reducing ambient temperatures. Forest cities (i.e., Melbourne, Australia) aimed for large-scale planting of trees to adapt to climate change in the next decade. Therefore, monitoring cities’ green infrastructure requires close assessment of growth and water status at the tree-by-tree resolution for its proper maintenance and needs to be automated and efficient. This project proposed a novel monitoring system

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Brown, Helen, Katrina Proust, Barry Newell, Jeffery Spickett, Tony Capon, and Lisa Bartholomew. "Cool Communities—Urban Density, Trees, and Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (2018): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071547.

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A move towards more compact and climate-resilient cities is being encouraged around the world. As part of these plans, there is a need to manage the potential conflict between increasing urban densities and the extent of tree canopy in cities. Reductions in tree canopy are a major contributor to the urban heat island (UHI) effect, which will act to reduce rather than increase climate resilience in many cities. A systems thinking approach called Collaborative Conceptual Modelling was used to study the interaction between urban infill, tree canopy, and human health in Perth, Australia. The resul

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Branco, Manuela, Pedro Nunes, Alain Roques, Maria Rosário Fernandes, Christophe Orazio, and Hervé Jactel. "Urban trees facilitate the establishment of non-native forest insects." NeoBiota 52 (November 11, 2019): 25–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.52.36358.

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Cities, due to the presence of ports and airports and the high diversity of trees in streets, parks, and gardens, may play an important role for the introduction of invasive forest pests. We hypothesize that areas of urban forest facilitate the establishment of non-native forest pests. Based on scientific literature and a pan-European database on non-native species feeding on woody plants, we analysed where the first detections occurred in European countries. We collected site data for 137 first detections in Europe and 508 first European country-specific records. We also estimated the percent

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35

Nafasov, Z. "Prospects of application preparation the «Typhoon plus» against sucking wreckers coniferous trees." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 11 (November 13, 2017): 139–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1048334.

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On the external shape of cities, squares and other plantings of coniferous trees have great value. Besides aesthetic value these plantings favourably influence ecological conditions in cities, clearing atmosphere of harmful impurity in view of growing population and cars. Proceeding from it, in article questions of working out of measures of struggle against wreckers of coniferous trees are considered. Are thus defined biological efficiency of a preparation the Typhoon plus against plant louses on a pine, mealybugs on a juniper.

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K.C., Yam Bahadur, and Sagarika Sedhai. "Residents' Attitudes towards the Residential Urban Forest in Metropolitan City: A Case Study from Bharatpur City in Nepal." Forestry: Journal of Institute of Forestry, Nepal 16 (November 30, 2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/forestry.v16i0.28360.

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Urban forests are critical element in ameliorating urban habitats and building sustainable cities. Local residents are the key players in maintaining greenery of the city as they collectively own majority of land in most cities. Therefore, they need to engage in planting and retaining trees on their properties in order to reach canopy cover in urban areas. The project surveyed 200 local residents in Bharatpur Metropolitan City to examine their attitude towards trees on their property on the basis of 'Affective', 'Behavioral' and 'Cognitive' ABC model of attitude. Results show that majority of

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Gryszel, Piotr, Marcin Pełka, and Piotr Zawadzki. "The Use of Social Media in City Marketing Communication with Residents and Tourists – User Segmentation." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 30, no. 1 (2023): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2023-0005.

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Abstract Introduction Transformations in the area of technology and communication allowing easy access to information resulted in Polish cities facing the challenge of changing their promotional activity. This activity has been largely transferred to social media. The article presents the definition of social media, their classification and the activity of large Polish cities in social media. The analysis of the collected material was carried out using classification trees. Material and methods The CAWI method was used to conduct the research in four large cities (Warszawa, Wrocław, Gdańsk and

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TUNCAY, Ç. "PHYSICS OF RANDOMNESS AND REGULARITIES FOR CITIES, LANGUAGES, AND THEIR LIFETIMES AND FAMILY TREES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 18, no. 10 (2007): 1641–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183107011625.

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Time evolution of the cities and languages is considered in terms of multiplicative noise1 and fragmentation2 processes; where power law (Pareto-Zipf law)3 and slightly asymmetric log-normal (Gauss)4 distribution result for the size distribution of the cities and for that of the languages, respectively. The cities and the languages are treated differently (and as connected; for example, the languages split in terms of splitting the cities, etc.) and thus two distributions are obtained in the same computation at the same time. Evolutions of lifetimes and families for the cities and the language

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Suzuki, Masakazu, Yoichi Kunii, and Hirotsugu Kanno. "Current status and issues in environmental policy regarding conservation and utilization of A-bombed trees in Hiroshima and Nagasaki." Impact 2020, no. 3 (2020): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.3.45.

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Japan is the only country that has been attacked by nuclear weapons, having been hit twice – at Hiroshima and Nagasaki – in the 1945 bombing during World War II. 75 years later, the two cities appear as successful as any city unaffected by bombing as reconstruction and developments have erased the scars left by these devastating events. The remaining human A-bomb survivors are ageing, and numbers decline year by year, leaving fewer living reminders of the misery of nuclear weapons. However, scattered throughout the two cities, stark living survivors of the two blasts rise, each marked by the b

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Branco, Manuela, Pedro Nunes, Alain Roques, Maria Rosário Fernandes, Christophe Orazio, and Hervé Jactel. "Urban trees facilitate the establishment of non-native forest insects." NeoBiota 52 (November 11, 2019): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.52.36358.

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Cities, due to the presence of ports and airports and the high diversity of trees in streets, parks, and gardens, may play an important role for the introduction of invasive forest pests. We hypothesize that areas of urban forest facilitate the establishment of non-native forest pests. Based on scientific literature and a pan-European database on non-native species feeding on woody plants, we analysed where the first detections occurred in European countries. We collected site data for 137 first detections in Europe and 508 first European country-specific records. We also estimated the percent

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Reeder, Eric, and Henry Gerhold. "Municipal Tree Programs in Pennsylvania." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 19, no. 1 (1993): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1993.003.

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Municipal tree programs were assessed in Pennsylvania through mail surveys. Pennsylvania has approximately 378 tree programs of which 57% are implemented thrqugh shade tree commissions. Only 28% of Pennsylvania's citiqs and boroughs have tree programs. A high level of tree health exists in only 27% of the cities with programs. Only 28% of the programs have streettree inventories. Numbers of street trees are declining in 40% of the communities with programs.

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Alkaabi, Khaula, and Abdel Rhman El Fawair. "Drones applications for smart cities: Monitoring palm trees and street lights." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (2022): 1650–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0447.

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Abstract This study explores drones’ applications and proposes a cost-effective drone monitoring system for both palm trees and street lighting networks. The planned drone technical system has two monitoring sections. First, a model is developed to examine the health of date palm trees, in which drone photos are used to determine whether palm trees are suffering from diseases such as black scorch and sudden decline syndrome. These images are transferred into a central computer to stimulate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) models using AgiSoft software. The simulated NDVI models in

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Meng, Lin. "Green with phenology." Science 374, no. 6571 (2021): 1065–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abm8136.

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A.Shaji, George. "Liquifying Urban Lungs: Assessing the Air Purification Potential of Photobioreactor "Liquid Trees" in Highly Polluted Cities." Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication (PUIRP) 01, no. 02 (2023): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10111964.

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Urban air pollution poses a major threat to public health globally, with over 4 million deaths each year attributed to outdoor ambient particulate matter exposure. Cities in developing countries tend to suffer disproportionately from dangerously high levels of air pollution due to reliance on legacy energy systems like coal-fired power plants. For example, Serbia has the highest rate of pollution-related deaths in Europe, with pollution concentrations up to five times WHO guidelines. The capital Belgrade hosts two highly polluting coal plants and vehicle emissions are increasing along with pop

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Yang, Qiquan, Xin Huang, Xiaohua Tong, et al. "Global assessment of urban trees’ cooling efficiency based on satellite observations." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 3 (2022): 034029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4c1c.

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Abstract Trees are among the most important urban land covers, and their effects on local thermal environments have been extensively evaluated by using the concept of urban trees’ cooling efficiency (CE), defined as the magnitude of land surface temperature (LST) reduction by per 1% increase in fractional tree cover (FTC). Existing studies provide quantitative knowledge of the CE at local and regional scales, but global-scale analyses are still lacking. Therefore, this study fills this research gap through investigating the spatiotemporal pattern of CE in 510 global cities. CE is quantified by

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Duinker, Peter, Camilo Ordóñez, James Steenberg, Kyle Miller, Sydney Toni, and Sophie Nitoslawski. "Trees in Canadian Cities: Indispensable Life Form for Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 7, no. 6 (2015): 7379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su7067379.

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Way, A. G. "Nature Next Door: Cities and Trees in the American Northeast." Journal of American History 100, no. 2 (2013): 554–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jat302.

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Shapiro, A. "Nature Next Door: Cities and Trees in the American Northeast." Environmental History 18, no. 4 (2013): 811–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emt094.

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Cantón, M. A., J. L. Cortegoso, and C. de Rosa. "Solar permeability of urban trees in cities of western Argentina." Energy and Buildings 20, no. 3 (1994): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(94)90025-6.

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Ciumasu, Ioan M. "Dynamic decision trees for building resilience into future eco-cities." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80, no. 9 (2013): 1804–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.12.010.

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