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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trees, Seedling

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Academic literature on the topic 'Trees, Seedling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Trees, Seedling"

1

Cline, E., B. Vinyard, and R. Edmonds. "Spatial effects of retention trees on mycorrhizas and biomass of Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (2007): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-229.

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Retention forestry places seedlings in proximity to residual trees, exposing seedlings to additional sources of ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) inoculum. To investigate this, Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted near (2–6 m) and far (16–30 m) from 44- to 72-year-old residual Douglas-fir trees in western Washington, USA. From 1998 through 2000, seedling shoot and root biomass was assessed and EMF taxa were identified using morphology and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near residual trees had significantly greater ectomycorrhiza (ECM) abundance (percent active ECM root tips), less necrotic root tips, and higher root to shoot biomass ratios. Seedlings near trees had a richness index of 4.1 EMF taxa per seedling and 42 total taxa compared with 3.5 taxa per seedling and 33 total taxa for seedlings far from trees. Proximity to residual trees may increase seedling ECM abundance and diversity.

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Sezen, Uzay U., Robin L. Chazdon, and Kent E. Holsinger. "Proximity is not a proxy for parentage in an animal-dispersed Neotropical canopy palm." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1664 (2009): 2037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1793.

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We used parentage analysis to estimate seedling recruitment distances and genetic composition of seedling patches centred around reproductive trees of the animal-dispersed Neotropical canopy palm Iriartea deltoidea in two 0.5 ha plots within second-growth forest and one 0.5 ha plot in adjacent old-growth forest at La Selva Biological Field Station in north-eastern Costa Rica. Seedlings were significantly spatially aggregated in all plots, but this pattern was not due to dispersal limitation. More than 70 per cent of seedlings were dispersed at least 50 m from parent trees. Few seedlings were offspring of the closest reproductive trees. Seedling patches observed beneath reproductive trees originate from dozens of parental trees. Observed patterns of seedling distribution and spatial genetic structure are largely determined by the behaviour of vertebrate seed dispersers rather than by spatial proximity to parental trees.

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Chapman, Colin A., and Lauren J. Chapman. "Frugivory and the fate of dispersed and non-dispersed seeds of six African tree species." Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, no. 4 (1996): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646740000972x.

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ABSTRACTThe relationship between seedling recruitment (under and away from parent trees) and the behaviour of seed dispersers and predators, was explored in a three-year study in Kibale National Park, Uganda. On the basis of 1261 hours of observation, the foraging activity of the diurnal frugivores which fed on fruit from six tree species was quantified. The fate of dispersed and non-dispersed seeds and seedlings was examined experimentally. The findings suggest that a trade-off exists between factors that promote seedling growth in areas with high seedling density and factors that promote dispersal by frugivores. For example, dispersal ofMimusops bagshaweiincreases both seed and seedling survival; seeds placed away from adult conspecifics had a 8% lower probability of disappearing than seeds placed under adults and seedlings away from adults had a 30% greater probability of surviving than seedlings grown under adults. In contrast, forUvariopsis congensis, dispersed seeds had a 56% greater probability of disappearing than seeds directly under a parent tree, while the survival of dispersed and non-dispersed seedlings was similar. Non-dispersed seed and seedling disappearance were correlated with the percentage of the fruit crop removed from focal trees, suggesting that the ability to survive under an adult maybe related to other aspects of the tree's life history.

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Karlsson, Ingemar, and John Russell. "Comparisons of yellow cypress trees of seedling and rooted cutting origins after 9 and 11 years in the field." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 1 (1990): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-006.

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Trees of rooted cutting and seedling origins of yellow cypress (Chamaecyparisnootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) were compared for survival and growth in two field experiments at 9 and 11 years after establishment. Experiment 1 evaluated seedlings and rooted cuttings from 1-, 3-, and 7-year-old donors. Experiment 2 compared rooted cuttings from 2-year-old donors and seedlings from the same 10 open-pollinated families. Survival was high in both experiments, with no significant differences between propagule types. In experiment 1, trees of rooted cutting origin from 1-year-old donors were significantly taller than trees of rooted cutting origin from 3- and 7-year-old donors, but there was no significant difference between trees of seedling and rooted cutting origin from any of the donor age groups. Experiment 2 found no significant differences between trees of rooted cutting and seedling origin in height or diameter, and no significant differences between families. However, in this experiment, rooted cuttings had significantly fewer multiple tops than seedlings. It is concluded that the use of rooted cuttings is a viable alternative to seedlings in reforestation of yellow cypress.

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Kunstler, Georges, Joël Chaduf, Etienne K. Klein, Thomas Curt, Monique Bouchaud, and Jacques Lepart. "Tree colonization of sub-Mediterranean grasslands: effects of dispersal limitation and shrub facilitation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 1 (2007): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-225.

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Encroachment of trees into low-productivity grasslands is a serious threat to grassland biodiversity throughout Europe. Although the rate of encroachment of trees into grassland is variable and poorly understood, it is thought to result from variation in tree seedling recruitment, which is limited mainly by the availability of safe sites and the dispersal distances of propagules. In this study, we established spatially explicit models of seedling recruitment for two major sub-Mediterranean trees: Quercus pubescens Willd. and Fagus sylvatica L. We quantified the spatial distribution of Q. pubescens and F. sylvatica seedlings up to 20 years old at three grassland sites. We also quantified the spatial distribution and size of mature trees and of the two dominant species of shrubs, Buxus sempervirens L. and Juniperus communis L., at each of the three sites. Ninety-eight percent of the regeneration took place under shrub canopy. Quercus pubescens seedlings showed higher seedling production per unit of canopy area and longer mean effective dispersal distances than did F. sylvatica seedlings. Quercus pubescens seedlings also had a large advantage over F. sylvatica seedlings for establishment in open areas. Juniperus shrubs were better safe sites for the establishment of Q. pubescens and F. sylvatica seedlings than were Buxus shrubs. We calculated indices of seedling dispersal limitation and safe site availability for recruitment for four dates. In the dolomitic Causse grasslands examined in this study, the availability of safe sites for germination and survival was far more important than seedling dispersal limitation for recruitment of both tree species.

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Alfaro-Sibaja, Laura, Daniela Barquero-Salgado, Alicia Fonseca, Randall A. Montoya-Solano, Vanesa Morales-Cerdas, and Daniel Ramírez-Arce. "Vegetation structure and composition of mangrove Palo Seco Quepos, Costa Rica." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 2 (2015): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i2.1161.

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The Palo Seco mangrove in the Pacific coast of Costa Rica is in a tropical wet forest-perhumid forest transition. The nearby human population and tourism are threatening its borders. We studied mangrove’s structure, composition and regeneration as a base for future comparisons. We sampled eight 10m x 10m plots. Within them, 1m2 and 16 m2 plots were established to measure seedlings and saplings. We measured 153 trees in an 800 m2 area, with an average density of 0,19 ± 0,12 Ind/m2. Avicennia germinans was the dominant species, and Avicennia bicolor the less abundant. While seed- ling’s basal area and density were high, we found a low sapling density. We found a strong positive correlation between seedling density and trees richness and density, whereas that a strong significant negative correlation between the seedling regeneration index and tree stem height, diameter and basal area. We found a positive correlation be- tween the seedling regeneration index and mangrove tree’s richness and density. We conclude that several variables have an influence in the seedling’s establishment, survival and growth, intervening in the mangrove’s maintenance and regeneration. Strong competition with other vegetation can be a major factor in sapling growth. Palo Seco mangrove has a great potential for regeneration, and stem height and diameter evidence of an old-growth ecosystem.

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Buermeyer, Karl R., and Constance A. Harrington. "Fate of Overstory Trees and Patterns of Regeneration 12 Years After Clearcutting with Reserve Trees in Southwest Washington." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 2 (2002): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/17.2.78.

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Abstract Changes in management objectives for some forestlands in the Pacific Northwest have spurred interest in the creation of multistoried stands and the use of natural regeneration systems, but data on such systems are lacking. We assessed the status of the overstory trees and the regeneration 12 yr after a clearcut harvest with reserve trees in an even-aged, 145-yr-old Douglas-fir stand on a moderately productive site (site class 3) in southwest Washington. The 15 ha harvest unit was superimposed over two areas differentially thinned 15 and 34 yr before clearcutting. The clearcut harvest retained 18 trees/ha with a mean diameter of 63 cm. The reserved overstory trees had a 93% survival rate after 12 yr; most dead trees had been windthrown. Diameter growth for the reserved trees averaged 3.3 cm and was greatest during the most recent 3 yr period, which also had the highest growing-season precipitation. In a 1 ha mapped area, there were 5,854 seedlings/ha, and more than 99% of the regeneration was Douglas-fir. Most seedlings were less than 2 m tall. Seedling density was somewhat clumped (value of 2.1 for Pielou's index of nonrandomness), but 79% of randomly located 4.04 m2 (mil-acre) plots and 98% of 5 × 5 m grid cells had at least one conifer seedling. There was no obvious pattern of regeneration based on direction from the reserved trees, but both seedling density and seedling size within the drip lines of reserved tree crowns were less than in the rest of the area. The number of seedlings was similar on the two halves of the plot corresponding to the original thinning blocks, but seedling size and age differed. In the half of the study plot that had been twice lightly thinned, only 14% of the seedlings were >0.5 m tall; however, 41% of the seedlings were >0.5 m in the block that had been thinned more heavily. There was no difference between the thinning blocks in the ages of seedlings ≤0.5 m tall (mean age of 5 yr). This example of clearcutting with reserve trees resulted in reasonable survival of the overstory trees and adequate stocking but slow growth rates in the naturally regenerated Douglas-fir. Heavier thinning before harvest was associated with more advance regeneration, more shrub cover, and less windthrow of the reserved trees than in the more lightly thinned block. If an abundance of tree species other than Douglas-fir was desired on this site, interplanting would be required. West. J. Appl. For.17(2):78–85.

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LePage, Philip T., Charles D. Canham, K. Dave Coates, and Paula Bartemucci. "Seed abundance versus substrate limitation of seedling recruitment in northern temperate forests of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 3 (2000): 415–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-223.

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We examine the influence of (i) the spatial distribution and abundance of parent trees (as seed sources) and (ii) the abundance and favourability of seedbed substrates, on seedling recruitment for the major tree species in northwestern interior cedar-hemlock forests of British Columbia, under four levels of canopy openness (full canopy, partial canopy, large gap, and clearcut). Substrate distribution varied with canopy openness, and substrate favourability was a function of both canopy openness and seedling species. Lack of suitable substrates was the predominant factor limiting seedling density under full canopies. Partial canopy and gap sites provided a broad range of favourable substrates in close proximity to parent trees, resulting in the highest observed seedling densities. There was much higher effective dispersion of seedlings away from parent trees in gaps than in the partially cut stands. Seedling dispersion to clearcut sites was poor with seedlings being tightly restricted to a narrow band along the forest edge. Thus, seedling recruitment in these forests was a reflection of the interaction between the abundance of seed and substrate favourability, and the relative importance of these factors varied significantly with canopy structure.

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Burton, Philip J., Jesy Simons, Steve Brittingham, Daniel B. Thompson, Darin W. Brooks, and Lawrence R. Walker. "Regeneration dynamics of Great Basin bristlecone pine in southern Nevada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 6 (2020): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0404.

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Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey) is an important and long-lived tree species found at high elevations in the interior southwest of the United States, but little is known about its regeneration requirements and response to disturbance. We conducted extensive surveys of seedling regeneration and environmental attributes of regeneration sites in undisturbed forest dominated by this species in the Spring Mountains of southern Nevada. Additional surveys tallied new seedling densities and site attributes 4 years after a wildfire in the same area. Seedlings, saplings, and juvenile trees were less abundant than adult trees in the unburned forest, and soils had lower bulk density and greater depth, moisture, and soil organic matter under adult trees than in open areas. Seedling distributions in both unburned and burned forest showed a negative relationship to a heat load index governed by aspect. The density of new seedlings after the fire was negatively related to distance from unburned forest edges. Seedlings were found in clusters and were associated with adult trees (live or dead) in both unburned and burned stands. Seedling emergence from animal-dispersed caches was more frequent in burned habitats than in unburned habitats. These natural regeneration dynamics provide potential guidance for restoration efforts in this ecosystem.

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Reid, William. "Rootstock Influences Yield, Nut Quality, and Leaf Analysis of Pecan Trees." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 474G—475. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.474g.

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The nuts of 10 pecan cultivars were used to produce rootstock trees for the propagation of two scion cultivars—Posey and Pawnee. Seed sources included: `Chickasaw', `Colby', `Dooley', `Giles', `Greenriver', `Major', `Mohawk', `Peruque', `Posey', and `Shoshoni'. Leaf analysis performed in 1994 and 1996 revealed that rootstock influenced K and Zn concentrations. Scions propagated on `Posey' seedlings contained the greatest amount of K, while scions propagated on `Greenriver' seedlings contained the least. Zn levels were highest in trees with `Chickasaw' seedling rootstocks and the least in `Major' seedlings. Yield and nut quality was influenced by a major drought during the late summer and fall of 1995. Nuts produced by trees with `Chickasaw' and `Colby' rootstocks had the highest kernel percentage, while trees grown on `Major' and `Posey' had the lowest. The greatest yields, during the drought year, were produced from scion cultivars grafted on `Giles' and `Chickasaw' seedling rootstocks. `Major' and `Greenriver' seedlings produced trees with the smallest yields.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trees, Seedling"

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Agha, N. S. A. "High-density planting system for Bramley's seedling apple trees." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373464.

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Boe, Brian Jeffrey Dickson Kenneth L. "Evaluating tree seedling survival and growth in a bottomland old-field site implications for ecological restoration /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3998.

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Sheeter, Eric. "Mechanical silviculture." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10527.

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Problem: How to mechanise tree planting in North American logged sites? Trees are presently hand planted. Preliminary exploration identified the following collection of sub-problems. Vehicle: How to carry tools reliably and cost effectively over rough obstacle strewn ground? Results: U.S.A. - patent granted European Patent Office - patent granted Canada - patent granted The patents cover the main form and mode of operation of a simple but unconventional vehicle. Silvicultural/mechanical: How to mechanise the handling and placement of trees? Results: Two International Patents allowed. They cover a magazine/feed mechanism and a placement mechanism. They form a planting tool. One man guides the vehicle/tool system. An array of planting tools is carried. Two problems arise from the need to make guidance manageable and the planting rate fast enough. Spacing: How to cause the members of a collection of simultaneously operating tools to space themselves appropriately the spacing being driven by machine perceived cues? Choice: How to cause a tool to move to and halt over a plan table spot, tool action being driven by machine perceived cues? Results: One International Patent allowed. Spacing: A conceptual solution is described. Choice: A semi-automatic solution is described. It involves a system of tool guidance and a system of tool set-up, both light guided. Two methods for the detection of light signals in the presence of sunlight have been investigated. Choice-automatic; two solutions have been explored. One uses standard data processing, the other "parallel" processing. Here an idealised device is described which will compare for likeness two two-dimensional patterns.

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Doust, Susan Jillian. "Seed and seedling ecology in the early stages of rainforest restoration /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18410.pdf.

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Lhotka, John Michael Loewenstein Edward F. "Predicting light transmittance and seedling growth across a gradient of riparian forest canopy structures." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1315.

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Bertin, Sophie. "Physiological ecology of understorey trees in low impact silvicultural systems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3773.

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Continuous cover forestry (CCF), an alternative forest management approach to clearfelling, is increasingly being adopted in the UK. It aims at enhancing stand structural diversity and favouring natural regeneration and subsequent seedling growth below the existing canopy of plantation forests. One area of limited knowledge is the critical level of below-canopy light for the growth of naturally regenerating seedlings. In addition, plant growth beneath canopies is influenced by other factors (e.g. herbivory). Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Sitka spruce) seedlings under canopies have been observed to be severely damaged by Elatobium abietinum (Walker) (green spruce aphid) attacks. The combined effects of light availability and insect attack on seedling growth are not well understood, however, this understanding is crucial in order to ensure successful management of regeneration within CCF systems. A controlled experiment, which mimicked different natural understorey light levels along with repeated artificial aphid infestation, was conducted over two years to look at seedling performance through structural and physiological (chlorophyll fluorescence) measurements. Aphid population assessments showed significant increased population density under shaded conditions. Nevertheless, aphid impacts were mainly localised in extent while the impact of light was the major component that described seedling growth. Light was the primary factor affecting the whole-plant biomass, whereas aphids had only localised effects on the total dry weight of older needles and roots, and on leader extension growth. A significant interaction between light levels and presence/absence of aphid infestation was found for main leader extension growth of the seedlings during the second year of the experiment, with lower values at low light levels under infestation. Plant biomass allocation was affected strongly by light, while aphid presence did not result in significant changes. At the leaf physiologylevel, the light environment was found to be the main driving factor affecting photosynthetic response, whilst aphid presence had only a short-term localised effect on photosynthesis. The impact of light levels and aphid presence on seedling growth were also determined at an experimental field site where plots were located across two light regimes typical of CCF conditions in upland UK coniferous forests. The comparison of the photosynthetic response of the seedlings in both the controlled and field experiment highlighted the importance of considering the temporal heterogeneity of the light environment experienced by understorey seedlings in CCF stands, while aphid and aphid x light interaction effects could not be determined due to very low aphid levels during the year. Finally, a pre-existing light model was parameterised to predict the understorey light environment required to promote successful seedling growth in CCF stands. Sensitivity and validation analyses were also performed.

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Van, Etten Erica. "Seedling recruitment of large-seeded tropical trees planted as seeds in the Ecuadorian Amazon." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025046.

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Boe, Brian Jeffrey. "Evaluating Tree Seedling Survival and Growth in a Bottomland Old-field Site: Implications for Ecological Restoration." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3998/.

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In order to assess the enhancement of seedling survival and growth during drought conditions, five-hundred bare-root seedlings each of Shumard oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.) and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) were planted each with four soil amendments at a Wildlife Management Area in Lewisville, Texas. The treatments were a mycorrhizal inoculant, mulch fabric, and two superabsorbent gels (TerraSorb® and DRiWATER®). Survival and growth measurements were assessed periodically for two years. Research was conducted on vegetation, soil, and site history for baseline data. Both superabsorbent gels gave significant results for Shumard oak survival, and one increased green ash diameter. For overall growth, significant results were found among DRiWATER®, mycorrhizae, and mulch treatments.

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El-Hodairi, M. H. "Chemical and physical methods of controlling the growth and stimulating the precocity of Bramley's seedling apple trees." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376249.

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Albro, Sandra Leigh. "Effects of Canopy Adult Trees on Seedling Recruitment of American Beech and Sugar Maple in Fragmented Forests." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1238695571.

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Books on the topic "Trees, Seedling"

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Manchester, Edwin H. Tree shelters show promise for oak regeneration. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative Forestry, 1988.

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Manchester, Edwin H. Tree shelters show promise for oak regeneration. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Cooperative Forestry, 1988.

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Emmingham, William H. Seedling care and handling. Oregon State University Extension Service, 1996.

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Sanah, Mat Asri Ngah, Zakaria Ibrahim 1948-, and Institut Penyelidikan Perhutanan Malaysia, eds. Germination and seedling records. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 1991.

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Colombo, S. J. Containerized tree seedling research and development in Ontario, 1984-1985. Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, 1988.

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Schaap, Wieger. Seedling protectors for preventing deer browse. Forest Research Laboratory, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, 1986.

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Harvey, Eileen M. Forestell. A bibliography on competition, tree seedling characteristics and related topics. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Forest Research Institute, 1993.

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McDonald, Philip M. Seedfall, regeneration, and seedling development in group-selection openings. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 1994.

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Miller, Joan H. Organic & compost-based growing media for tree seedling nurseries. World Bank, 1995.

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Racey, G. D. Moisture retaining materials for tree seedling packaging: A literature review. Ontario Tree Improvement and Forest Biomass Institute, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trees, Seedling"

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Wittmann, Astrid de Oliveira, Aline Lopes, Auristela Dos Santos Conserva, Florian Wittmann, and Maria T. F. Piedade. "Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment of Amazonian Floodplain Trees." In Ecological Studies. Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8725-6_13.

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Bailey, Bryan A., Hanhong Bae, Rachel Melnick, and Jayne Crozier. "The Endophytic Trichoderma hamatum Isolate DIS 219b Enhances Seedling Growth and Delays the Onset of Drought Stress in Theobroma cacao." In Endophytes of Forest Trees. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1599-8_10.

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Sung, Shi-Jean S., and Paul P. Kormanik. "Sucrose metabolism, growth and transplanting stress in sweetgum seedling taproots and stems." In The Supporting Roots of Trees and Woody Plants: Form, Function and Physiology. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3469-1_26.

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Naoko, Yamashita, Tanaka Nobuyuki, Hoshi Yoshio, Kushima Hiromichi, and Kamo Koichi. "Seed and seedling demography of invasive and native trees of subtropical Pacific islands." In Restoring the Oceanic Island Ecosystem. Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53859-2_15.

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Pandit, Bishnu Hari, Netra Kumari Aryal, and Hans-Peter Schmidt. "Social-Ecological Transformation Through Planting Mixed Tree Species on Abandoned Agricultural Land in the Hills of Nepal." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS). Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_5.

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AbstractA project entitled, “Building village economies through climate farming & forest gardening” (BeChange) was implemented in four municipality areas of the Tanahun and Lamjung districts of Nepal from May 2015. In order to assess changes in the social-ecological system that result from this project targeting abandoned agricultural lands, this case study was conducted using various methods: triad grouping, GPS point surveys, household surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), field observation and reports. A participatory approach in reforestation on abandoned agricultural land with introduction of carbon credits has become a new livelihood strategy for local communities. It has not only attracted domestic and international tourists, but also helped to conserve biodiversity and local ecology. This activity also united village women and indigenous communities as triad groups for collaborative outcomes. A total of 42,138 seedlings of mixed tree species such as Michelia champaca, Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Bassia butyraceae, Bauhinia purpurea, and Cinnamon tamala were planted by 276 families on abandoned agricultural land between May 2015 and July 2018. However, as of 2020, this range has expanded to include 635 families with plantations of more than 65,000 seedlings. The set-up and maintenance of these forest gardens were financed with advanced payments for the carbon sink services of the planted trees. Farmers who succeeded with tree survival rates above 80% received an additional yearly carbon sink payment. The outcomes of the project show significant improvements in food security and tree biodiversity in the project villages. Of the total sampled households, almost half (45%) were under extreme poverty and had food sufficiency for only 3 months/year before the project. With the project, this percentage dropped to 22%, signals the emergence of seeds for transformative change.

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Kitajima, Kaoru. "Ecophysiology of Tropical Tree Seedlings." In Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1163-8_19.

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Bigras, Francine J., Aija Ryyppö, Anders Lindström, and Eva Stattin. "Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation of Shoots and Roots of Conifer Seedlings." In Tree Physiology. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_3.

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Eldhuset, T., A. Göransson, and T. Ingestad. "Aluminum Toxicity in Forest Tree Seedlings." In Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and Agricultural Ecosystems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70874-9_29.

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Colombo, Stephen J., Michael I. Menzies, and Conor O’Reilly. "Influence of Nursery Cultural Practices on Cold Hardiness of Coniferous Forest Tree Seedlings." In Tree Physiology. Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_9.

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Biddle, Julianne, Quang Nguyen, Zhihua H. Mu, Mike Foale, and Steve Adkins. "Germplasm Reestablishment and Seedling Production: Embryo Culture." In Coconut Biotechnology: Towards the Sustainability of the ‘Tree of Life’. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44988-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trees, Seedling"

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DUMINS, Karlis, Toms STALS, and Dagnija LAZDINA. "FOREST REGENERATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT BY ASTA SYSTEM." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.178.

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In Latvia one third of the total forest area is regenerated by planting tree seedlings and therefore it is important to choose the appropriate soil preparation method and the right type of regeneration material for each forest type. Usually the success of afforestation is evaluated by how high is the average seedling survival rate and growth parameters like height, annual increment, diameter at breast height while the location of the seedling is disregarded. This may be of great importance since in such stands the environmental conditions typically are not entirely homogenous. Micro topography differences impact seedling growth, because it modifies water regime, temperature, micronutrient availability, sun radiation and other factors. Therefore, aim of this work is to improve monitoring methods and determine the most efficient soil preparation and seedling preparation combination to improve the quality of forest regeneration. That could be done using ASTA documentation system originally developed to show seedling and mound location and density in planting area during mechanic planting. But it also allows to link the precise location of the seedling and growing conditions with its growing rate and survival and therefore it is easier to exclude seedlings that are affected by other factors than those that you are interested in, so you can gain more representative results. This also could be used in forest management. When using ASTA system it is also possible to display how different tree disease are distributed in the stand, if they have spread eventually or localized only in some parts of the stand, also it can be used for browsing and other tree damage monitoring in the stand. In conclusion: in harsh environmental conditions on unprepared forest soil and soil prepared in furrows made by disc trench larger seedlings show better survival rate. Survival of seedlings is significantly impacted by micro topography, whereas mounded micro sites equalize local environmental conditions that reduce impact of micro topography.

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MIEZĪTE, Olga, Jeļena RŪBA, Lāsma FREIMANE, Imants LIEPA, and Edgars DUBROVSKIS. "THE HEALTH STATUS AND NATURAL REGENERATION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. AFTER THE SURFACE FIRE IN VACCINIOSA FOREST TYPE IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.100.

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From abiotic factors the most effecting influence on forest ecosystems has fire. Two years after surface fire in the pine stands growing in Vacciniosa forest type. Two PL (hereinafter PL) were installed in medium-aged (49 years old, 2.3 ha) and two PLs - in maturing (96 years old, 2.5 ha) stands. In each PL (20x20 m), the numbering of the trees was carried out and their placement was fixed, as well as the diameter, height and height of the green crown were measured. The sanitary condition of each tree was evaluated. For registration of one-year and two-year seedlings in each sample plot 25 sampling units (1 m2) were used. The similar sampling units were used for evaluation of ground cover (5 in each PL diagonally arranged), the obtained samples were weighed. The purpose of the study was to analyze the health status and natural regeneration of P.sylvestris after the surface fire. The ground vegetation was completely burned out in the medium-aged stand, but in the maturing stand both ground vegetation and organic layer - mosaically. The average burning height of trees in the medium-aged forest stand was 0.6±0.64 m, in the maturing stand - at 2.3±0.34 m. The natural regeneration was not detected in the first year after surface fire in the medium-aged forest (only 58800 one-year seedlings were recorded at the second year after fire), while in the maturing stand it was at this time (46600 one-year and 14200 two-year seedlings). Insect damage and cracked bark was not detected.

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Kobayashi, Felipe Kawashita, Andrea Britto Mattos, Maysa M. G. Macedo, and Bruno H. Gemignani. "Citrus Tree Classification from UAV Images: Analysis and Experimental Results." In XV Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2019.7624.

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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and computer vision for automating farm operations is growing rapidly: time-consuming tasks such as crop monitoring may be solved in a more efﬁcient, precise, and less error-prone manner. In particular, for estimating productivity and managing pests, it is fundamental to characterize crop regions into four classes: (i) full-grown trees, (ii) tree seedlings, (iii) tree gaps, and (iv) background. In this paper, we address the classiﬁcation of images from citrus plantations, acquired by UAVs, into the previously mentioned categories. While Deep learning-based methods allow to achieve high accuracy values for classiﬁcation, explainability remains an issue. Therefore, our approach is to run an experimental analysis that allows to derive the effects of different parametrizations (involving descriptors, classiﬁers, and sampling methods) when applied to our citrus dataset.

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PTACH, Wiesław, Ariel ŁANGOWSKI, Roman ROLBIECKI, et al. "THE INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION ON THE GROWTH OF PAULOWNIA TREES AT THE FIRST YEAR OF CULTIVATION IN A LIGHT SOIL." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.121.

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The field experiment was carried out in 2016 on sandy soil in the forest nursery Białe-Błota (Bydgoszcz Forest Division, Poland). The effect of sprinkler irrigation on the growth Paulownia Shan Tong trees was investigated. The experiment was established as one factorial. The variability factor was the irrigation: S-sprinkler irrigation and C- without irrigation (control). The process included the controls of growth parameters: tree height, trunk diameter, number and surface of leaves. It was found that the sprinkled seedlings of Paulownia Shan Tong were significantly higher than those growing in the non-irrigated plots. The sprinkler irrigation applied in the experiment resulted in an increase in the number of leaves of the Paulownia and their surface area, which resulted in an increase in biomass yield. By analysing the results of the study on trunk diameter, leaf number and surface, it may be stated that irrigation watering significantly influenced the tested parameters. Irrigation significantly increased the height of Paulownia trees. The positive effect of the usage of sprinkler irrigation may indicate the possibility of effective application of this method in the field cultivation of Paulownia Shan Tong.

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Sokolova, V. V., and E. M. Gusev. "The state of Ginkgo biloba L. in Moscow." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-152.

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The plantings of ginkgo biloba in Moscow were examined. Trees were studied in courtyards, at children's and educational institutions, in parks and botanical gardens of the city. Ginkgo trees and young seedlings are generally in good condition, with in some cases minor bark damage, few dry branches in the crowns and a slope of the trunk. Conclusions are made about the advisability of further study and reproduction of a valuable relict plant for medical purposes and for gardening.

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KEMESIUS, Martynas, Gerda SILINGIENE, Regina VASINAUSKIENE, and Remigijus ZALKAUSKAS. "THE INFLUENCE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA ABIES (L.) H. KARST.) SEEDLINGS GROWTH." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.079.

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The usage of biodegradable waste as sewage sludge in a proper way for tree nurseries enable to seek for ecological, waste-less, alternative to mineral fertilization farming ways. The aim of this research is to investigate impact of sewage sludge fertilizers on Norway spruce (Picea abies) two years’ seedlings growth. Research has been done in 2013-2014 at Utena State Forest Enterprise nursery. The different fertilization rates (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 t/ha) of sewage sludge were investigated and compared with control – traditional fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The impact of sewage sludge was evaluated by seedlings biometric indicators, also dry mass of sample seedlings (medium seedlings by height and diameter). The bigger rates of sewage sludge showed almost better results in exception of seeds outlet. Sewage sludge has long lasting effect on seedlings growth and could successfully shift soil fertilization by mineral fertilizers. The obtained research results confirm the similar research carried out in 2011 in Rokiskis State Forest Enterprise nursery for first year Norway Spruce seedlings.

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Wanasinghe, Thumeera R., Benjamin Robert Dowden, Oscar De Silva, George K. I. Mann, and Cyril Lundrigan. "Automated Seedling Height Assessment for Tree Nurseries Using Point Cloud Processing." In 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2019.8793790.

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Zhou, T. T., L. Xue, and Z. M. Wang. "Photosynthetic response of greening seedling of four tree species to low temperature stress." In 2015 International Conference on Food Hygiene, Agriculture and Animal Science. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813100374_0024.

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Yang, Baoyi, Tonggao Sun, Hongyue Chen, et al. "Effects of Hydrogen Fluoride-stress on Physiological Characteristics of Theaceae Tree Seedlings." In International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT-15). Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemct-15.2015.365.

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Wang, Zhuomin, Jianxin Xu, Li Xue, and Tongtong Zhou. "Effects of Low Temperature Stress and Release on Photosynthetic Indexes of Greening Seedlings of Three Tree Species." In International Conference on Advances in Energy, Environment and Chemical Engineering. Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aeece-15.2015.135.

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Reports on the topic "Trees, Seedling"

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Walters, Russell S., and Russell S. Walters. Protecting red oak seedlings with tree shelters in northwestern Pennsylvania. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-679.

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Nelson, E., and V. Rogers. Survival of planted tupelo seedlings in F- and H-Area tree-kill zones. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/67714.

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Thuan, V. V., C. Harwood, V. D. Toan, D. D. Lan, L. Nguyen, and S. Carsan. Growth and fruit yield of seedlings, cuttings and grafts from selected son tra trees in Northwest Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16046.pdf.

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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring at Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial: 2011–2019. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284711.

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Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial celebrates the lives of the Lincoln family including the final resting place of Abraham’s mother, Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln’s childhood in Indiana was a formative time in the life our 16th president. When the Lincoln family arrived in Indiana, the property was covered in the oak-hickory forest type. They cleared land to create their homestead and farm. Later, designers of the memorial felt that it was important to restore woodlands to the site. The woodlands would help visitors visualize the challenges the Lincoln family faced in establishing and maintaining their homestead. Some stands of woodland may have remained, but significant restoration efforts included extensive tree planting. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network began monitoring the woodland in 2011 with repeat visits every four years. These monitoring efforts provide a window into the composition and structure of the wood-lands. We measure both overstory trees and the ground flora within four permanently located plots. At these permanent plots, we record each species, foliar cover estimates of ground flora, diameter at breast height of midstory and overstory trees, and tree regeneration frequency (tree seedlings and saplings). The forest species composition was relatively consistent over the three monitoring events. Climatic conditions measured by the Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated mild to wet conditions over the monitoring record. Canopy closure continued to indicate a forest structure with a closed canopy. Large trees (>45 cm DBH) comprised the greatest amount of tree basal area. Sugar maple was observed to have the greatest basal area and density of the 23 tree species observed. The oaks characteristic of the early woodlands were present, but less dominant. Although one hickory species was present, it was in very low abundance. Of the 17 tree species recorded in the regeneration layer, three species were most abundant through time: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), red bud (Cercis canadensis), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Ash recruitment seemed to increase over prior years and maple saplings transitioned to larger size classes. Ground flora diversity was similar through time, but alpha and gamma diversity were slightly greater in 2019. Percent cover by plant guild varied through time with native woody plants and forbs having the greatest abundance. Nonnative plants were also an important part of the ground flora composition. Common periwinkle (Vinca minor) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) continued to be the most abundant nonnative species, but these two species were less abundant in 2019 than 2011. Unvegetated ground cover was high (mean = 95%) and increased by 17% since 2011. Bare ground increased from less than 1% in 2011 to 9% in 2019, but other ground cover elements were similar to prior years. In 2019, we quantified observer error by double sampling two plots within three of the monitoring sites. We found total pseudoturnover to be about 29% (i.e., 29% of the species records differed between observers due to observer error). This 29% pseudoturnover rate was almost 50% greater than our goal of 20% pseudoturnover. The majority of the error was attributed to observers overlooking species. Plot frame relocation error likely contributed as well but we were unable to separate it from overlooking error with our design.

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Devine, Warren D., and Constance A. Harrington. Influence of four tree shelter types on microclimate and seedling performance of Oregon white oak and western redcedar. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-576.

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Perkins, Dustin. Invasive exotic plant monitoring at Colorado National Monument: 2019 field season. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286650.

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Invasive exotic plant (IEP) species are a significant threat to natural ecosystem integrity and biodiversity, and controlling them is a high priority for the National Park Service. The North-ern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) selected the early detection of IEPs as one of 11 monitoring protocols to be implemented as part of its long-term monitoring program. This report represents work completed at Colorado National Monument during 2019. During monitoring conducted June 12–19, a total of 20 IEP species were detected on monitoring routes and transects. Of these, 12 were priority species that accounted for 791 separate IEP patches. IEPs were most prevalent along riparian areas. Yellow sweetclover (Melilotis officinale) and yellow salsify (Tragopogon dubius) were the most commonly detected priority IEPs along monitoring routes, representing 73% of all priority patches. Patches of less than 40 m2 were typical of nearly all priority IEP species except yellow sweetclover. A patch management index (PMI) was created by combining patch size class and percent cover for each patch. In 2019, a large majority of priority IEP patches were assigned a PMI score of low (46%) or very low (50%), indicating small and/or sparse patches where control is generally still feasible. This is similar to the numbers for 2017, when 99% of patches scored low or very low in PMI. Seventy-eight percent of tree patches were classified as seedlings or saplings, which require less effort to control than mature trees. Cheatgrass (Anisantha tectorum) was the most common IEP recorded in transects, found in 30–77% of transects across the different routes. It was the only species found in transects on all monitoring routes. When treated and untreated extra areas near the West Entrance were compared, the treated area had comparable or higher lev-els of IEPs than the untreated area. When segments of monitoring routes conducted between 2003 and 2019 were compared, results were mixed, due to the different species monitored in different time periods. But in general, the number of IEPs per 100 meters is increasing or remaining constant over time. There were notable increases in IEP patches per 100 meters on several routes in 2019: field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) along East Glade Park Road; Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) in Red Canyon; yellow salsify along East Glade Park Road, No Thoroughfare Canyon, No Thoroughfare Trail, and Red Canyon; and yellow sweetclover in No Thoroughfare Canyon and Red Canyon. Network staff will return to re-sample monitoring routes in 2021.

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