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Journal articles on the topic 'Trees'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 July 2025

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1

Jasmine, Jasmine, Pankaj Bhambri, and Dr O. P. Gupta Dr. O.P. Gupta. "Analyzing the Phylogenetic Trees with Tree- building Methods." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 7 (October 1, 2011): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2012/25.

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2

Page, Billy E. "Trees, trees, and more trees!" Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 40, no. 5 (September 1985): 414–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224561.1985.12455893.

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3

Brower, Andrew V. Z. "Trees and more trees." Cladistics 32, no. 2 (May 6, 2015): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cla.12122.

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4

Alperin, J. L. "Trees and Brauer trees." Discrete Mathematics 83, no. 1 (July 1990): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(90)90228-a.

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5

Chaffey, N. J. "Popular trees, specialist trees." New Phytologist 154, no. 3 (June 6, 2002): 548–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00434_3.x.

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6

Steele, James, and Anne Kandler. "Language trees ≠ gene trees." Theory in Biosciences 129, no. 2-3 (June 9, 2010): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12064-010-0096-6.

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7

Pollin, Burton R. "Kilmer's Trees and Asselineau's Trees." Explicator 64, no. 3 (March 2006): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/expl.64.3.160-162.

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8

Maddison, Wayne P. "Gene Trees in Species Trees." Systematic Biology 46, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/46.3.523.

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9

Azais, Romain, Guillaume Cerutti, Didier Gemmerle;, and Florian Ingels. "treex: a Python package for manipulating rooted trees." Journal of Open Source Software 4, no. 38 (June 24, 2019): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.21105/joss.01351.

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10

Muslih, A. M., N. E. Hidayat, T. Arlita, A. Farida, I. Dewiyanti, and A. Sugara. "Mapping the tree damage index: A case study on the green lane in the urban area of Banda Aceh City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1352, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1352/1/012046.

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Abstract Climate change mitigation efforts implemented by the Government of Banda Aceh by building green lanes with trees. The level of the tree’s ability to absorb carbon is highly correlated with the vitality of the tree itself. The health status of a tree can be known by the tree’s damage level. The aim of the research is to provide information on how much damage to trees and the degree of severity. The research was carried out on green lanes on urban streets in Banda Aceh City as many as 8 lines. The object of research is vegetation with the tree growth phase category, and tree damage index assessment using the forest health monitoring method with indicators of tree damage conditions with parameters of damage location code, damage type code, and damage level code. Based on the results, most of the trees suffered light damage. Of the total number of trees observed, there were 1797 individuals, 252 trees were in good health, 1494 were lightly damaged, 40 trees were medium damaged and 11 trees were heavily damaged. The type of damage experienced was dominated by 46% open wound, 32% cancer, 11% brum (excessive branching) and 11% the rest with other kinds of damage.

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11

Sellin, Arne. "Sapwood–heartwood proportion related to tree diameter, age, and growth rate in Piceaabies." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 1022–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-133.

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The relationships of sapwood radial width and transverse area to tree diameter, age, and growth rate were investigated in Piceaabies (L.) Karst. A total of 125 trees growing with (suppressed trees) and without (dominant trees) competition for light were sampled. Both sapwood and heartwood amounts showed an increase with diameter at the stem base, with the heartwood portion increasing more rapidly. In young trees sapwood prevails both in terms of diameter and transverse area. After trees have reached a certain age, the width of the sapwood band remains more or less constant (on average 7.8 cm for dominant and 2.0 cm for suppressed trees), and the heartwood amount exceeds that of sapwood. The percentage of heartwood in suppressed trees is substantially greater than in dominant trees of the same age. Sapwood amount is closely correlated with the tree diameter, but not with age. Tree age controls the number of rings in sapwood, while the sapwood width depends on the tree's radial growth rate as well.

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12

Petchey, Philip. "That yew-tree’s shade: the law relating to trees in churchyards." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 27, no. 1 (January 2025): 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x24000784.

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AbstractUntil recently the faculty jurisdiction did not extend to trees in churchyards. This article explains how trees in churchyards became subject to that jurisdiction and explores the complicated law relating to churchyard trees.1

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13

Vololazskiy, Yevgen V. "A Modification of the Frechet Distance for Nonisomorphic Trees." Control Systems and Computers, no. 2-3 (292-293) (July 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/csc.2021.02.020.

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The paper presents a modification of the Frechet distance for nonisomorphic trees. While the classical Frechet distance between nonisomorphic trees is undefined, a new measure called similarity of a tree to a reference tree is given that is defined for a wider class of trees. A polynomial-time algorithm is given to determine whether one tree’s similarity to another is less than a given number.

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14

Jones, Joe, and Olcay Jones. "Trees." Annals of Paediatric Rheumatology 3, no. 2 (2014): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/apr.062020140706.

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15

Ward, J. P. "Trees." English 41, no. 171 (September 1, 1992): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/41.171.234.

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16

ACHARYA, SHANTA. "Trees." Critical Quarterly 37, no. 3 (September 1995): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8705.1995.tb01075.x.

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17

Swann, B. "Trees." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/9.2.260.

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18

Brash, Jorge, and Steven F. White. "Trees." Callaloo 26, no. 4 (2003): 985–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2003.0125.

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19

Andrews, Brian. "Trees." Ballarat Naturalist (2001:Apr) (April 2001): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/p.385486.

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20

Epstein, Henri. "Trees." Nuclear Physics B 912 (November 2016): 151–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2016.04.029.

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21

Staub, Julie Cadwallader. "Trees." Spiritus: A Journal of Christian Spirituality 19, no. 2 (2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scs.2019.0048.

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22

Raven, John, and Peter Crane. "Trees." Current Biology 17, no. 9 (May 2007): R303—R304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.01.041.

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23

Leach, Amy. "When Trees Dream of Being Trees." Iowa Review 36, no. 1 (April 2006): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6166.

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24

Ma, Bin, Ming Li, and Louxin Zhang. "From Gene Trees to Species Trees." SIAM Journal on Computing 30, no. 3 (January 2000): 729–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0097539798343362.

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25

Duchamps, Jean-Jil. "Trees within trees II: Nested fragmentations." Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Probabilités et Statistiques 56, no. 2 (May 2020): 1203–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/19-aihp999.

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26

JANSON, SVANTE. "Random Recursive Trees and Preferential Attachment Trees are Random Split Trees." Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 28, no. 1 (May 21, 2018): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963548318000226.

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We consider linear preferential attachment trees, and show that they can be regarded as random split trees in the sense of Devroye (1999), although with infinite potential branching. In particular, this applies to the random recursive tree and the standard preferential attachment tree. An application is given to the sum over all pairs of nodes of the common number of ancestors.

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27

Bahendwar, Isha Ashish, Ruchit Purshottam Bhardwaj, and Prof S. G. Mundada. "Amortized Complexity Analysis for Red-Black Trees and Splay Trees." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 6, no. 6 (November 2018): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2018.6.6.2.

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28

HEMIDA, Mohamed Abdelmoneim Ali, and Yahia ADAM. "The Importance of Farm Trees in Rural Livelihoods in Eastern Galabat Locality, Sudan." Agriculture and Forestry Journal 3, no. 2 (December 9, 2019): 81–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3568242.

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The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the share of farm trees in farmers' total income; (ii) determine and analyze the factors influence the farmers' decision on farm trees planting; and (iii) identify the attitudes and perceptions of farmers towards planting farm trees. A sample of 60 farmers was purposively selected from Galabat locality in 2015 and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis. Farm tree products were found contribute 31% of farmer’s total annual income. Farmer’s land holding in feddan (<em>P= 0.009</em>), farmer's family size (<em>P=0.000</em>), farmer’s income (<em>P=0.042</em>) and extension services from Forests National Corporation (EXT from FNC) (<em>P = 0.001</em>)  were found to positively and significantly associated with farmers’ decisions to plant trees on farmlands. The study results also indicate that the farmers have awareness of the benefits associated with trees, and their attitudes towards trees planting are mostly positive. It is concluded that farmer’s decisions to plant farm trees are driven by their socioeconomic circumstances. Thus, it is recommended that the farmers' socioeconomic characteristics should not be overlooked when designing future tree planting programs in the region.

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29

Huff, Tristan D., and John D. Bailey. "Longevity and dynamics of fatally and nonfatally topped Douglas-fir in the Coast Range of Oregon." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, no. 11 (November 2009): 2224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-141.

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Worldwide, snags are an important, but often lacking, component of forest ecosystems. We revisited artificially topped Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees 16–18 years after treatment in a replicated experiment in western Oregon. Some trees had been topped such that no live crown was retained (fatally topped), while others retained some portion of their live crown after topping (nonfatally topped). Topped trees were created under three different silvicultural regimes: clearcut, two story, and group selection. Twenty-three percent (61 of 262) of nonfatally topped trees remained living 16–18 years after treatment; 4% (19 of 482) of fatally topped trees had broken at some point up the bole by 16–18 years after treatment. Silvicultural regime, post-treatment height, stem diameter, stem lean, and ground slope were considered as potential explanatory variables in logistic regression models explaining mortality and breakage. A nonfatally topped tree’s odds of surviving 16–18 years after treatment was greater in the mature matrix of group selection stands than in clearcuts or two-story stands. A fatally topped tree’s odds of breaking within 16–18 years of treatment decreased as DBH increased. If carefully created, artificially topping trees can be a useful silvicultural tool to increase structural heterogeneity.

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30

Zelinka, Bohdan. "Partitionability of trees." Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal 38, no. 4 (1988): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/cmj.1988.102263.

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31

Kala, Duran. "Epidemiology and Ecological Distribution of Tree Tumors in the Territory of Landscape Reserve “Teply stan”." International Journal of Biology 8, no. 1 (November 11, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v8n1p42.

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<p class="1Body">This study focuses tumors of woody trees in the territory of landscape reserve “Teply stan” in Moscow. Abnormal swellings on the trunk of woody trees are called Tumor. Formation of a swell is an evidence of an infringement of metabolism in a tree's body, is a disease of a tree and is a cause of a tree's premature death. Tumor prevents transportation of water and minerals from roots towards the leaves of a tree and transportation of organic matters from the leaves towards roots. The purpose of this study is to find out some appropriatenesses of spreading of tumors of trees in the landscape reserve “Teply stan”.</p><p class="1Body">In this study, landscape reserve divided into 9 study sections according to ecological conditions. Surveillance of all trees and statistical analysis of tumor trees in studied section of landscape reserve have done. The results showed that 57 of the counted 25 thousands trees have tumors. 50 of the tumors trees are belong to birch<em> (Betula pendula)</em>.Trees with tumors are distributed non-uniformly, generally in central and east parts of landscape reserve that had ecologic pollution. Mainly birch <em>(Betula pendula)</em><em>,</em> oak <em>(Quercus rubor)</em><em> </em>and linden <em>(Tilia cordata)</em> are damaged by tumors in the studied territory. The most effected trees with tumors are birch <em>(Betula pendula)</em><em> </em>tree population. The direct proportion between ecological situation and the number of tumors have found.</p>

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32

Bereczky, Nikolett, Amalia Duch, Krisztián Németh, and Salvador Roura. "Quad-kd trees: A general framework for kd trees and quad trees." Theoretical Computer Science 616 (February 2016): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2015.12.030.

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33

Page, Roderic D. M. "Extracting Species Trees From Complex Gene Trees: Reconciled Trees And Vertebrate Phylogeny." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 14, no. 1 (January 2000): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0676.

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34

Liu, Hua Qun, Jia Wang, and Liu Ping Feng. "Research on Motion Model of “Wind-Blowing & Trees-Swinging” and “Leaves-Falling & Branches-Broken” Based on Fractal Theory." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 2139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.2139.

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Fractal technology can simulate the growth of trees very well.There have been many research on using fractal theory to model trees,but most methods have not further explore the tree’s natural phenomena such as swinging driven by wind Firstly, this paper gave a modeling method to generate the trees based on the three-dimensional fractal L system; Secondly, according to the hierarchy of the strength characteristics of the wind and trees progression, this paper also gave the wind model to simulate the natural wind farm.In the end , this paper made some simulation about the model of “Wind-Blowing & Tree-Swing and Leaves-Falling & Braches-Broken” .

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35

Petrauskas, Edmundas, and Petras Rupšys. "Diffusion Mechanisms for Both Living and Dying Trees Across 37 Years in a Forest Stand in Lithuania’s Kazlų Rūda Region." Symmetry 17, no. 2 (January 31, 2025): 213. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17020213.

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This study aimed to examine changes in the number of live and dying trees in central Lithuanian forests over time. Results were obtained using stochastic differential equations combined with the normal copula function. The examination of each tree’s individual size variables (height and diameter) showed that the mean values of dead or dying trees’ size variables had significantly lower trajectories that were particularly pronounced in mature stands. According to the data set under examination, the tree mortality rate gradually declined with age, reaching approximately 7% after 10 years. Birch trees 60–70 years old were the first species to reach the 1% mortality rate, followed by spruce trees 70–80 years old and pine trees 80–90 years old. The Maple symbolic algebra system was used to implement all results.

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36

Moussaid, Abdellatif, Sanaa El Fkihi, and Yahya Zennayi. "Tree Crowns Segmentation and Classification in Overlapping Orchards Based on Satellite Images and Unsupervised Learning Algorithms." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 11 (November 17, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7110241.

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Smart agriculture is a new concept that combines agriculture and new technologies to improve the yield’s quality and quantity as well as facilitate many tasks for farmers in managing orchards. An essential factor in smart agriculture is tree crown segmentation, which helps farmers automatically monitor their orchards and get information about each tree. However, one of the main problems, in this case, is when the trees are close to each other, which means that it would be difficult for the algorithm to delineate the crowns correctly. This paper used satellite images and machine learning algorithms to segment and classify trees in overlapping orchards. The data used are images from the Moroccan Mohammed VI satellite, and the study region is the OUARGHA citrus orchard located in Morocco. Our approach starts by segmenting the rows inside the parcel and finding all the trees there, getting their canopies, and classifying them by size. In general, the model inputs the parcel’s image and other field measurements to classify the trees into three classes: missing/weak, normal, or big. Finally, the results are visualized in a map containing all the trees with their classes. For the results, we obtained a score of 0.93 F-measure in rows segmentation. Additionally, several field comparisons were performed to validate the classification, dozens of trees were compared and the results were very good. This paper aims to help farmers to quickly and automatically classify trees by crown size, even if there are overlapping orchards, in order to easily monitor each tree’s health and understand the tree’s distribution in the field.

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37

Huck, Andreas. "Independent Trees in Planar Graphs Independent trees." Graphs and Combinatorics 15, no. 1 (March 1999): 29–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00021190.

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38

Liu, Liang, and Lili Yu. "Estimating Species Trees from Unrooted Gene Trees." Systematic Biology 60, no. 5 (March 28, 2011): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syr027.

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39

Gowers, Emily. "Trees and Family Trees in the Aeneid." Classical Antiquity 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 87–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ca.2011.30.1.87.

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Tree-chopping in the Aeneid has long been seen as a disturbingly violent symbol of the Trojans' colonization of Italy. The paper proposes a new reading of the poem which sees Aeneas as progressive extirpator not just of foreign rivals but also of his own Trojan relatives. Although the Romans had no family “trees” as such, their genealogical stemmata (“garlands”) had “branches” (rami) and “stock” (stirps), and their vocabulary of family relationships takes many of its metaphors from planting, adoption, and uprooting, while plant life is often described in human metaphors. Imperial historians use the growth and collapse of trees to mark the rise and fall of dynasties; natural historians like Columella and Pliny use metaphors of adoption, abortion, and adultery to characterize the perversions of agriculture and horticulture. It is thus no coincidence that Aeneas' encounters with Hector, Priam, Deiphobus, and others often take place against a background of real or metaphorical trees (tree similes, headless or mutilated human trunks, ancient trees and woods). These encourage us to see an element of dynastic encroachment in scenes that look pious and peaceable but confirm Aeneas' ascendancy and claim to Trojan succession. The Polydorus episode in particular can be read not just as a grotesque interlude but as a nightmare about endlessly reproducing heirs; one loose strand from Priam's house is allowed to remain, while Virgil deals imperfectly with the problem of Aeneas' own successors. The paper ends by re-examining Virgil's account of grafting in Georgics 2 and arguing that it is viewed positively, perhaps in order to cast Augustus' adoption of heirs as a miracle solution.

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40

Simion, Rodica. "Trees with 1-factors and oriented trees." Discrete Mathematics 88, no. 1 (March 1991): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-365x(91)90061-6.

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41

Page, Roderic D. M., and Michael A. Charleston. "Trees within trees: phylogeny and historical associations." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13, no. 9 (September 1998): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01438-4.

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42

Chvátal, Vašek, Dieter Rautenbach, and Philipp Matthias Schäfer. "Finite Sholander trees, trees, and their betweenness." Discrete Mathematics 311, no. 20 (October 2011): 2143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2011.06.011.

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43

Yan, Sherry H. F., and Xuezi Liu. "2-noncrossing trees and 5-ary trees." Discrete Mathematics 309, no. 20 (October 2009): 6135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2009.03.044.

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44

Frati, Fabrizio, Markus Geyer, and Michael Kaufmann. "Planar packing of trees and spider trees." Information Processing Letters 109, no. 6 (February 2009): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ipl.2008.11.002.

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45

Hasibuan, Moses, Indriyanto ., and Melya Riniarti. "Inventarisasi Pohon Plus Dalam Blok Koleksi Di Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1, no. 1 (February 17, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl119-16.

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Plus tree inventory was an activity for collecting and compiling data.Collection block was an area within Great Forest Park region that contains different types of plant, either endemic or non-endemic plants, which serves for protection and preservation, research, science, education, support the cultivation, culture, tourism and recreation.The information about the existence of plus trees on the collection block still rare.So, plus tree inventory still necessary to fulfill the data.This research was held in Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park Collection Block at February to March 2012.The aim of this research is to identify the trees which has plus tree criterias.Data collected by using line terraced layers method which placed systematically.The collected data include the types of trees, trunk diameter, branch height, trunk straightness, tree’s health condition, fruit production, branch corner, sphericity form of circumference stem, and the location of the plus tree.Based on the results, there were 9 species of trees that identified as plus trees,7 species of wooden trees, which are 3 taboo trees (Tetrameles nudiflora), 1 dadap tree (Erythrina fusca), 1 purple coral tree (Pterospermum javanicum), 1 sandpaper tree (Ficus ampelas), 6 kapok trees (Ceiba pentandra), 1 red cedar tree (Toona sureni), 1 mindi tree (Melia azedarach) and 2 species of MPTS trees, 1 durian tree (Durio zibethinus), and 1 mango tree (Mangifera indica).Total number of individual tree that meets the plus tree criterias are 16 trees.Keywords: inventory, plus trees

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46

Qolbi, Putri Sifaul, Rizli Alfian, and Dian Kartika Santoso. "Redesain Penataan Pohon Pada Rest Area Jalibar Desa Oro Oro Ombo, Kota Batu." ATRIUM: Jurnal Arsitektur 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v10i1.258.

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Title: Redesign of Tree Arrangement in Jalibar Rest Area, Oro Oro Ombo Village, Batu City The Jalibar Rest Area is one of the tourist support facilities in Oro Oro Ombo Village. However, this rest area does not yet have a good green planning plan, even though one of the supporting comfort areas in the rest area is the proper arrangement of trees. This research identifies existing tree species and analyzes their functions, evaluates tree arrangements, and recommends tree arrangements based on their function and planting location. The research was conducted in the Jalibar Rest Area in Oro Oro Ombo Village, Batu District, Batu City, East Java. The analytical methods used are Key Performance Index (KPI), Comparative Study, and Spatial Mapping. Based on field observations, it is known that the Jalibar Rest Area has 123 trees with 16 types of trees. Based on the evaluation results, it is known that the suitability of the tree's function to its location, namely that the outer zone of the rest area should be planted with shade trees, guides and trees of aesthetic value. The parking zone is planted with trees that function as shade trees, guides and absorb pollutants. As well as service zones planted with trees with the functions of shade, absorbing pollutants and aesthetics. Recommendations for redesigning tree arrangements in the Jalibar Rest Area include adjusting the function of trees in each zone by maintaining appropriate tree species, replacing inappropriate tree species, adding and subtracting trees based on their planting distance.

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47

Li, Bosheng, Jacek Kałużny, Jonathan Klein, Dominik L. Michels, Wojtek Pałubicki, Bedrich Benes, and Sören Pirk. "Learning to reconstruct botanical trees from single images." ACM Transactions on Graphics 40, no. 6 (December 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478513.3480525.

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We introduce a novel method for reconstructing the 3D geometry of botanical trees from single photographs. Faithfully reconstructing a tree from single-view sensor data is a challenging and open problem because many possible 3D trees exist that fit the tree's shape observed from a single view. We address this challenge by defining a reconstruction pipeline based on three neural networks. The networks simultaneously mask out trees in input photographs, identify a tree's species, and obtain its 3D radial bounding volume - our novel 3D representation for botanical trees. Radial bounding volumes (RBV) are used to orchestrate a procedural model primed on learned parameters to grow a tree that matches the main branching structure and the overall shape of the captured tree. While the RBV allows us to faithfully reconstruct the main branching structure, we use the procedural model's morphological constraints to generate realistic branching for the tree crown. This constraints the number of solutions of tree models for a given photograph of a tree. We show that our method reconstructs various tree species even when the trees are captured in front of complex backgrounds. Moreover, although our neural networks have been trained on synthetic data with data augmentation, we show that our pipeline performs well for real tree photographs. We evaluate the reconstructed geometries with several metrics, including leaf area index and maximum radial tree distances.

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Shafii, Bahman, James A. Moore, and James D. Newberry. "Individual-tree diameter growth models for quantifying within-stand response to nitrogen fertilization." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-153.

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Diameter-increment models for nitrogen-fertilized stands were developed using data from permanent research plots in northern Idaho. The equations partially resembled PROGNOSIS model diameter growth formulations. Results indicated that both initial tree size and initial stand density produced significant interactions with treatment to explain an individual tree's response to fertilization. Larger trees in a stand showed more fertilization response than smaller trees. Furthermore, individual trees in low-density stands showed more fertilization response than those growing in high-density stands. These diameter increment predictive equations were formulated to be compatible with individual-tree distance-independent simulation models.

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Milius, Susan. "Bleeding Trees." Science News 162, no. 5 (August 3, 2002): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4013813.

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50

Colledge, Eleanor. "Falling trees." Canadian Family Physician 67, no. 4 (April 2021): e106-e106. http://dx.doi.org/10.46747/cfp.6704e106.

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