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Academic literature on the topic 'Trèfle blanc – Effets de la sécheresse'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trèfle blanc – Effets de la sécheresse"
PEYRAUD, J. L., and L. DELABY. "Maîtrise des flux d’azote dans la gestion des prairies et du pâturage en systèmes laitiers intensifs." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2008): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.2.3390.
Full textHéraut-Bron, Vinciane, Christophe Robin, and Armand Guckert. "Effets du rapport RC:RS sur les jeunes feuilles de trèfle blanc. Assimilation nette de CO2, activité photochimique et morphologie foliaire." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 321, no. 8 (August 1998): 679–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(98)80008-5.
Full textPEYRAUD, J. L., and L. DELABY. "Combiner la gestion optimale du pâturage et les performances des vaches laitières : enjeux et outils." INRAE Productions Animales 18, no. 4 (October 18, 2005): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2005.18.4.3529.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Trèfle blanc – Effets de la sécheresse"
Lucero, Daniel William. "Effets de la sécheresse et de l'intéraction entre plantes sur la croissance et l'utilisation de l'eau du trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens) et du Ray-Grass (Lolium perenne) : importance de l'intéraction entre racines." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL135N.
Full textHernandez, Pauline. "Effet d'une sécheresse extrême sur le fonctionnement de l'écosystème prairial : évaluation du rôle tampon de la composition et de la diversité végétale par approche expérimentale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22752/document.
Full textPermanent grasslands are one of the main forms of land use in Europe. In France, permanent grasslands represent around 40% of Utilised Agricultural Land and support many animal-based farming systems. Current climate change scenarios predict increased climate variability that could result in an increase in extreme events such as drought episodes. These extreme events can significantly alter the structure and functioning of grasslands, with implications for their capacity to provide agricultural, ecological and environmental services. Improved understanding of the resistance and resilience mechanisms of grassland plant communities exposed to extreme drought is therefore critical in order to assess the stability of grassland functions, in particular that of biomass production. This thesis aims at assessing the capacity of permanent grasslands to sustain their production when exposed to an extreme drought event. The study uses an experimental approach and semi-controlled conditions to investigate the role of community composition and functional diversity for drought resistance and resilience in grassland mixtures. Monocultures and mixtures combining grasses and legumes were selected to test the importance of composition and functional diversity for plant community responses during drought and up to a year after the end of water stress. The originality of this work is the use of a functional ecological approach to assess the impacts of species’ interactions via measurements of plant morphological and physiological traits both above- and below-ground. This study demonstrates the importance of white clover (Trifolium repens) in modulating the impact of extreme droughts on biomass production of grassland mixtures. Community composition did not have a buffering effect on biomass production during the drought event but the presence and abundance of white clover in mixtures was linked to higher recovery of biomass production in the long-term. After the extreme drought event, overyielding in mixtures combining grass and white clover could be attributed to mechanisms of nitrogen facilitation and vertical root complementarity for water uptake. Results also show the importance of deep root growth for the establishment of functional complementarity between species and the maintenance of biomass production under extreme drought. Drought had lasting effects on the root system patterns and thus on the underlying mechanisms of the positive effect of white clover on aboveground production. Moreover, this work highlights the key role of heterospecific interactions in the expression of intraspecific traits related to resource acquisition strategies. Heterospecific interactions are thus an important driver of the species performance under extreme drought.We show that the structure and functional composition of the plant community in simplified mixtures are critical for modulating grassland responses to an extreme drought event. In our study, the recovery of aboveground biomass production is mainly related to the presence of white clover and the establishment of positive interactions between species. Changes of species behaviour in response to heterospecific interactions should be taken into account to better predict grassland biomass production under future climatic conditions. From an applied perspective, accounting for the key role of white clover and the inherent variability or neighbour-induced plasticity of intraspecific traits appears important to adapt mixtures of species or varieties to more intense and frequent drought events
Corbel, Gwenola. "Comportement hivernal et repousse printanière du trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L. ) : morphogenèse, état hydrique et protéines de réserve." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL075N.
Full textHeraut-Bron, Vinciane. "Qualité de la lumière (rapport RC:RS) : gestion du carbone et morphogenèse chez le trèfle blanc." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL063N.
Full textGuinchard, Marie-Pierre. "Comportement hivernal du trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens l. ) : morphogénèse et rôle des composés carbonés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1995_GUINCHARD_M_P.pdf.
Full textLesuffleur, Fabien. "Rhizodéposition à court terme de l'azote et exsudation racinaire des acides aminés par le trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L. )." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2053.
Full textNitrogen (N) fixing legumes contribute to N soil enrichment through N rhizodeposition (including the ammonium and amino acid root exudation pathway), and to N increase in companion grasses through transfer of deposited N. The objectives of this thesis were to characterize short-term N rhizodeposition in white clover (Trifolium repens L. ) and to study its impact on N transfer to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ), and to characterize root amino acid exudation (selectivity and mechanism). Short-term N rhizodeposition is close to 3 % of N fixed during the 3 days-labelling period. In our conditions, this short-term N rhizodéposition has been relied to N, and notably ammonium, exudation. Simultaneously, 4. 4 % of deposited N is transferred to ryegrass. Plant specie modifies the soil amino acid profile, which is close to the amino acid profile of exudates collected axenically. We show with six different species that amino acid exudation leads to highly contrasted amino acid profiles between roots and exudates (where high proportions of glycine and serine were observed). Amino acid exudation cannot be explained only by a concentration gradient between roots and root bathing solution. Selective exudation of glycine and serine is not due to a tissue partitioning. A method allowing dissociated and simultaneous measurement of both components of root exudation, influx and efflux, was set up. Glycine and serine exudation is explained by high efflux to influx ratios compare to other amino acids. Because of these data, we have questioned the passive aspect of root exudation. The use of inhibitors of active transport indicates that glycine efflux would be dependant on active process
Gerardin, Théo. "Plasticité et diversité de l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau chez deux espèces de chêne blanc d’Europe : les chênes pédonculé (Quercus robur L.) et sessile (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) : approche descriptive de la dynamique de réponse stomatique aux changements environnementaux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0120/document.
Full textQuercus robur L. and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. are two sympatric oak species occupying distinctive ecological niches as well as presenting disparate drought tolerances. Available litterature reports the existence of stable inter-specific differences of water use efficiency (WUE) between the two species, Q. petraea displaying higher values than Q. robur. Water use efficiency can be studied at several integration scales both spatially and temporally. Based on instantaneous foliar gaz exchange, the intrinsic water use efficiency can be determined (Wi). On the other hand, water use can be characterised by measurements of the carbon isotopic composition of plant tissues (13C) or by estimation of the whole plant transpiration efficiency (TE), thus allowing a time-integrated estimate of water use. The characterisation of WUE through these different estimators allowed us to put in evidence in oak seedlings grown under controlled conditions a higher transpiration efficiency in Q. robur even though no differences were observed between the two species regarding instantaneous measurements (Wi). TE variations were mainly linked to the variations of the biomass production by the plants while Wi variations were essentially associated to the stomatal conductance. Both intra and inter specific variations of the dynamics of stomatal response to step changes of environmental factors (light, CO2, VPD) could not be clearly linked to the variations of the different WUE estimates nor their respective components. Nevertheless, drought conditions impacted the stomatal dynamics in both species towards faster stomatal responses, especially for stomatal closing. Furthermore, the main observed differences between species were linked to biomass production. Both species displayed different carbon allocation strategies, especially regarding the root compartment. Thus, Q. petraea produced a significantly more ramified and thinner root system than Q. robur. Such behaviour was accentuated under drought stress, under which Q. robur was more sensitive than Q. petraea in term of biomass production. The complexity of the relationships between water use efficiency and all of these morphological and physiological traits as well as the possible drought tolerance implications in both oak species are discussed in this PhD thesis