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Journal articles on the topic 'Trellis code'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Selvakumar, R., and C. Pavan Kumar. "Concatenated kernel codes." Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 12, no. 03 (2020): 2050044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830920500445.

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Concatenated codes introduced by Forney in 1966 received wide attention due to their extensive usage in space missions. Thereafter, many concatenated codes were constructed on the similar lines and successfully employed in digital communication setup. In this paper, concatenated kernel code is defined. An example of concatenated kernel code and its trellis is constructed to demonstrate the importance of defined code and its computation. For the constructed code, the presence of homomorphism is tested using Blum–Luby–Rubinfeld Linearity test. Further, for the constructed trellis of the example

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2

Wu, Jun, and Xiao Bo Wu. "An FPGA Implementation of TCM Cascade Space Time Block Code." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 901–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.901.

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Trellis coded (TCM) modulation can obtain the coding gain without increase the transmission power and the bandwidth but it can not obtain diversity gain, and space-time block code (STBC) can provide diversity gain in a simple encoding and decoding way, though its coding gain is not very satisfied. This article will achieve a STBC-class networking trellis coded modulation scheme based on FPGA to further study the performance of the concatenated code.

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3

Abbas, S. M. "DESIGN OF SPACE TIME TRELLIS CODED OFDM." Journal of Engineering 14, no. 03 (2024): 2684–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2008.03.12.

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Space Time Trellis Code (STTC) is a technique that can be used to improve the performance ofthe Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system over wireless channels byproviding both coding gain and diversity gain. STTC is combined from two codes, Trellis CodeModulation (TCM) as an inner code and Space Time Block Code (STBC) as an outer code. TCMwhich combines the choice of a modulation scheme with that of a convolutional code provides thecoding gain, and the other code provides the diversity gain. Simulation is done over flat fading andfrequency selective Rayleigh fading channel for

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4

Bendelhoum, Mohammed Sofiane, Mohamed Rida Lahcene, Fayssal Menezla, and Abderraouf Elarbi. "Studying and Modeling the Performance of the TCM-STBC Systems in the Rayleigh Channel." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 1 (March 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2021.147020.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems will play an important role in future generations of wireless networks. Space-time block code (STBC) and space-time trellis code (STTC) are two techniques that may be used in multi-antenna radio systems. This paper aims, most importantly, to study the performance of STBC systems at different vallues of such parameters as spectral efficiency, matrix codes and constellations. A performance comparison between STBC and STTC schemes is performed. In order to show the efficiency of the system’s ability to communicate with uncoded and coded transmission s

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5

Calderbank, A. R., and N. J. A. Sloane. "An eight-dimensional trellis code." Proceedings of the IEEE 74, no. 5 (1986): 757–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13542.

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6

Oluwafemi, Ilesanmi Banjo. "HybridConcatenated Coding Scheme for MIMO Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 3 (2015): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i3.pp464-476.

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Abstract: Inthis paper, two hybrid concatenated super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes(SOSTTC) applying iterative decoding are proposed for flat fading channels. Theencoding operation is based on the concatenation of convolutional codes,interleaving and super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes. The firstconcatenated scheme consists of a serial concatenation of a parallelconcatenated convolutional code with a SOSTTC while the second consists ofparallel concatenation of two serially concatenated convolut

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7

Martin, I., and B. Honary. "Trellis based code combining protocols for Reed-Muller codes." Electronics Letters 36, no. 3 (2000): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000209.

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8

Wesel, R. D., and J. M. Cioffi. "Trellis code design for periodic interleavers." IEEE Communications Letters 3, no. 4 (1999): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.757202.

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9

Kashyap, Navin. "Matroid Pathwidth and Code Trellis Complexity." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 22, no. 1 (2008): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/070691152.

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10

Fu, Haiyang, Wenjie Liu, and Guangzeng Feng. "Turbo trellis code modulation using MQAM." Journal of Electronics (China) 19, no. 2 (2002): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11767-002-0023-1.

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11

TAJIMA, Masato, Koji OKINO, and Takashi MIYAGOSHI. "Simultaneous Code/Error-Trellis Reduction for Convolutional Codes Using Shifted Code/Error-Subsequences." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E94-A, no. 12 (2011): 2894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e94.a.2894.

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12

Farkaš, Peter, and Frank Schindler. "Construction for obtaining trellis run length limited error control codes from convolutional codes." Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, no. 5 (2017): 401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0074.

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Abstract Recently a new construction of run length limited block error control codes based on control matrices of linear block codes was proposed. In this paper a similar construction for obtaining trellis run length limited error control codes from convolutional codes is described. The main advantage of it, beyond its simplicity is that it does not require any additional redundancy except the one which is already contained in the original convolutional error control code. One example is presented how to get such a code from a convolutional low density parity check code.

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13

de Almeida, C., and R. Palazzo. "Four state binary QAM trellis code better than known codes." Electronics Letters 29, no. 7 (1993): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19930423.

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14

Wang, Dong, and Xiang-Gen Xia. "Space–Time Trellis Code Design Based on QAM-MTCM With Trellis Shaping." IEEE Transactions on Communications 55, no. 1 (2007): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2006.885068.

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15

Abbas, H. H., W. A. Mahmoud, and S. K. Omran. "THE EFFECT OF TRELLIS TERMINATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TURBO CODE." Journal of Engineering 9, no. 01 (2003): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2003.01.03.

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This paper introduces a new class of convolutional codes, which is called Turbo Code. Turbo Code was shown to achieve performance in terms of Bit-Error-Rate (BER), which is near Shannon limit. Turbo Code encoder is built using a parallel concatenation of two Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes. In this paper, two solutions to the trellis termination problem are presented. The first solution encoder uses terminated Upper RSC encoder and unterminated Lower RSC encoder. On the other side, the second solution encoder uses terminated Upper and Lower RSC encoders. The performance of the t

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16

Wang Huiqin, 王惠琴, 肖博 Xiao Bo, 贾非 Jia Fei, 曹明华 Cao Minghua, and 孙剑锋 Sun Jianfeng. "Low-Complexity Optical Space-Time Trellis Code." Acta Optica Sinica 36, no. 8 (2016): 0806008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201636.0806008.

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17

Brannstrom, F., T. M. Aulin, and L. K. Rasmussen. "Iterative detectors for trellis-code multiple-access." IEEE Transactions on Communications 50, no. 9 (2002): 1478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2002.802563.

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18

Shi, J., and R. D. Wesel. "Efficient Computation of Trellis Code Generating Functions." IEEE Transactions on Communications 52, no. 2 (2004): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2003.822702.

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19

Basar, E., U. Aygolu, E. Panayirci, and H. V. Poor. "New Trellis Code Design for Spatial Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 10, no. 8 (2011): 2670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2011.061511.101745.

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20

Tubail, Mohammed A., Ammar M. Abu-Hudrouss, and Mohammed Taha O. El Astal. "Super-orthogonal double space–time trellis code." Physical Communication 41 (August 2020): 101110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phycom.2020.101110.

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21

Cai, Zhaohui, K. R. Subramanian, and Liren Zhang. "DMT scheme with multidimensional turbo trellis code." Electronics Letters 36, no. 4 (2000): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000259.

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22

Tzi-Dar Chiueh and Shu-Mei Li. "Trellis-coded complementary code keying for high-rate wireless LAN systems." IEEE Communications Letters 5, no. 5 (2001): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4234.922756.

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23

Moeneclaey, M., and U. Mengali. "Sufficient conditions on trellis-coded modulation for code-independent synchronizer performance." IEEE Transactions on Communications 38, no. 5 (1990): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.54972.

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24

Shohon, Toshiyuki, Keisuke Jimbo, and Haruo Ogiwara. "Interleaver gain and code search for serially concatenated trellis coded modulations." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 88, no. 9 (2005): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecjc.20156.

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25

K, S. Bhavya, V. Deepika H, Patil Harshavardhini V, K. Yeswanth Reddy, N. Latha B, and K. Sathish Shet. "Reducing Distortion in Steganography using Syndrome Trellis Code." Perspectives in Communication, Embedded-systems and Signal-processing - PiCES 4, no. 4 (2020): 21–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3974530.

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Data protection is one of the most daunting issues facing the technology world today. Numerous schemes have been proposed over the last decade to protect the transmission of confidential data over the public network (Internet). Steganography, along with cryptography, can be one of the best ways to solve this problem. The word stego is the Greek word "Secret." Steganography is the process of embedding a hidden message to an image. Essentially, distortion occurs as pixel length increases, as distortion increases hackers can easily target the computer and can easily view the information

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26

Jamil, Uzair, Nicholas Vandewetering, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Solar photovoltaic wood racking mechanical design for trellis-based agrivoltaics." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0294682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294682.

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Using a trellis to plant vegetables and fruits can double or triple the yield per acre as well as reduce diseases/pests, ease harvesting and make cleaner produce. Cultivars such as cucumbers, grapes, kiwi, melons, peas, passion fruit, pole beans, pumpkins, strawberries, squash, and tomatoes are all grown with trellises. Many of these cultivars showed increased yield with partial shading with semi-transparent solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. To further increase the efficiency of trellis-based growing systems, this study investigates novel low-cost, open-source, sustainable, wood-based PV rackin

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27

Bhure, Raj Kumar D., and K. Manjunathachari. "Design Of Digital Code Using Trellis Code to Improve Multiple Moving Target Detection in Doppler Radar." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 46 (2021): 3407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v14i46.1771.

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28

Abu, Mohd Azlan, Harlisya Harun, Mohammad Yazdi Harmin, Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab, and Muhd Khairulzaman Abdul Kadir. "The design of Viterbi decoder for low power consumption space time trellis code without adder architecture using RTL model." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 6 (2016): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-09-2016-0088.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe the real-time design and implementation of a Space Time Trellis Code decoder using Altera Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD). Design/methodology/approach The code uses a generator matrix designed for four-state space time trellis code (STTC) that uses quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme. The decoding process has been carried out using maximum likelihood sequences estimation through the Viterbi algorithm. Findings The results showed that the STTC decoder can successfully decipher the encoded symbols from the STTC encoder and can full

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29

Enulescu, Marius. "Space Time – Track Circuits with Trellis Code Modulation." Advances in Science, Technology and Engineering Systems Journal 2, no. 3 (2017): 1070–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25046/aj0203136.

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30

Srinivasan, S., and S. S. Pietrobon. "Implementation of APP decoders on dual code trellis." Electronics Letters 44, no. 8 (2008): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20083181.

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31

Freeman, G. H., I. F. Blake, and J. W. Mark. "Trellis source code design as an optimization problem." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 34, no. 5 (1988): 1226–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.21250.

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32

Liuyang Yang and T. R. Fischer. "A new trellis source code for memoryless sources." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 44, no. 7 (1998): 3056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.737533.

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33

Cheng-Chieh Lee and Y. Shoham. "Trellis code excited linear prediction (TCELP) speech coding." IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing 11, no. 6 (2003): 636–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsa.2003.814367.

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34

Ahmadi, A. R., and R. K. Rao. "Space-time trellis code design with binary CPM." Electronics Letters 42, no. 3 (2006): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20063692.

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35

Goswami, Raj Kumar, Swathi Nambari, Srinivasa Rao Kandula, P. Pavithra Roy, and A. H. Sharief. "Rate 5/6 TCM Code Having 64 States with 64 QAM for Fading Channel." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.120207.

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Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM) is powerful technique employed in digital communication systems to improve the reliability and efficiency of data transmission. TCM combines error control coding and modulation schemes to achieve superior performance in challenging channel conditions. In TCM, information bits are encoded using a trellis encoder, which generates a sequence of encoded symbols. These symbols are then mapped onto a modulation scheme, such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) or Phase Shift Keying (PSK), to create the modulated signal. At the receiver, the received signal is demod

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36

V, S. Sneha, and Joe Nithin. "Implementation of Turbo Coder Using Verilog HDL for LTE." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 7 (2022): 380–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6930806.

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In many communication systems, turbo codesare employed to repair errors. Turbo codes demonstrate high error correction when compared to other error correction methods. A Very Large Scale Integration is suggested in this study. VLSI architecture for the Turbo encoder implementation, Interleaves and de interleaves, and soft-in-soft-out decoders are employed. This study employs a technique that for the encoder portion, includes two recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) encoders , a Block interleaver and the decoder part involve Soft Output Virtebi Algorithm(SOVA) decoder. Aconvolutional code i

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37

Nasri Nasrabadi, A. M., H. R. Bahrami, and S. H. Jamali. "Space-time trellis codes for keyhole channels: performance criterion and code design." Electronics Letters 40, no. 1 (2004): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20040011.

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38

Wang, Yuanming, Yuanjie Li, Chao Dong, and Kai Niu. "Gray mapping method of QAM constellation for trellis shaping." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2849, no. 1 (2024): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2849/1/012116.

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Abstract A novel method to construct quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation for trellis shaping is proposed. To overcome the non-gray mapping of set-partitioning constellation used in trellis shaping, we proposed a Gray mapping constellation. This constellation can get the same shaping gain as the set-partitioning constellation while the demodulation bit error ratio (BER) performance is better than the latter, which makes the trellis shaping connect with the forward error correction (FEC) code to form an FEC-shaping concatenation system to improve the error correction performance.

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39

Valadon, C. G. F., R. Tafazolli, and B. G. Evans. "Performance evaluation of concatenated codes with inner trellis codes and outer Reed-Solomon code." IEEE Transactions on Communications 49, no. 4 (2001): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.917758.

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40

Soyjaudah, K. M. S., and M. A. Hosany. "Combined Huffman Code and Generalized Array Codes Employing Phase/Frequency Modulation." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 12, no. 01 (2003): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126603000866.

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The authors present a simple technique to combine source coding, channel coding and modulation. This technique employs the Huffman code for source coding, Generalized Array Codes (GAC) for channel coding and Phase/Frequency (BFSK/MPSK) for modulation. The combined scheme has the advantage of reducing the redundancy, providing error protection and simultaneously optimizing on channel bandwidth. It is shown the combined system gives the same performance as its separate counterparts but has lower complexity. The algorithm used to construct the combined trellis decoder employing phase/frequency fo

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41

Mazor, B., and W. Pearlman. "An Optimal Transform Trellis Code with Applications to Speech." IEEE Transactions on Communications 33, no. 10 (1985): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1985.1096218.

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42

Calderbank, A. R., and N. J. A. Sloane. "Four-Dimensional Modulation With an Eight-State Trellis Code." AT&T Technical Journal 64, no. 5 (1985): 1005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1985.tb00451.x.

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43

KIM, Sungjin, and Sangwon KANG. "Designing Algebraic Trellis Vector Code as an Efficient Excitation Codebook for ACELP Coder." IEICE Transactions on Communications E95.B, no. 11 (2012): 3642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e95.b.3642.

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44

JUN, J., S. KANG, and T. R. FISCHER. "Designing Algebraic Trellis Code as a New Fixed Codebook Module for ACELP Coder." IEICE Transactions on Communications E91-B, no. 3 (2008): 972–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietcom/e91-b.3.972.

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45

Rajpal, S., D. J. Rhee, and S. Lin. "Multidimensional trellis coded phase modulation using a multilevel concatenation approach. I. Code design." IEEE Transactions on Communications 45, no. 1 (1997): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.554287.

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46

Trofimov, Andrey, and Feliks Taubin. "Evaluation of the union bound for the decoding error probability using characteristic functions." Information and Control Systems, no. 4 (September 13, 2021): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2021-4-71-85.

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Introduction: Since the exact value of a decoding error probability cannot usually be calculated, an upper bounding technique is used. The standard approach for obtaining the upper bound on the maximum likelihood decoding error probability is based on the use of the union bound and the Chernoff bound, as well as its modifications. For many situations, this approach is not accurate enough. Purpose: Development of a method for exact calculation of the union bound for a decoding error probability, for a wide class of codes and memoryless channels. Methods: Use of characteristic functions of logar

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47

Chen, Jian Bin, and Hai Jun Xue. "Engineering Design and Analysis for Four-Legged Steel Trellis Column." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1500.

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In this paper, the design process of the four-legged steel trellis column is introduced for an actual project. The internal force calculation including of axial pressure and bidirectional bending moment are discussed. The strength and stability satisfy the requisition by code. Confirm that the stability of sub pillar is key element for design of trellis column. The simulations show that the design method is safety and reasonable by STAAD.pro software. Different gridding is chosen based on length, width and thickness of members; excess larger or smaller gridding is improper. The conclusions and

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48

Wijesinghe, Pushpika, Upul Gunawardana, and Ranjith Liyanapathirana. "Improved Performance Upper Bounds for Terminated Convolutional Codes in Rayleigh Fading Channels." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 8, no. 1 (2009): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.201081.172042.

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This paper presents improved performance upper bounds for terminated convolutional codes over Rayleigh fading channels with BPSK and QPSK modulation. The conventional union bound derived from the transfer function becomes loose when the convolutional code is terminated by a ¯nite-length information sequence followed by additional tail bits. We use the modi¯ed trellis approach to derive tighter upper bounds for terminated convolutional codes combined with BPSK modulation over Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, we derive the weight enumerators for rate-1=2 terminated convolutional codes with

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49

Lamahewa, Tharaka A., Marvin K. Simon, Thushara D. Abhayapala, and Rodney A. Kennedy. "Exact pairwise error probability analysis of space-time codes in spatially correlated fading channels." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (March 30, 2006): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2006.1.356.

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In this paper, we derive an analytical expression for the exact pairwise error probability (PEP) of a space-time coded system operating over a spatially correlated slow fading channel using a moment-generating function-based approach. This analytical PEP expression is more realistic than previously published exact-PEP expressions as it fully accounts for antenna spacing, antenna geometries (uniform linear array, uniform grid array, uniform circular array, etc.) and scattering models (uniform, Gaussian, Laplacian, Von-Mises, etc.). Inclusion of spatial information provides valuable insights int

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50

Arpasi, Jorge Pedraza. "On the Uncontrollability of Nonabelian Group Codes with Uncoded Group." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/783516.

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Error-correcting encoding is a mathematical manipulation of the information against transmission errors over noisy communications channels. One class of error-correcting codes is the so-calledgroup codes. Presently, there are many good binary group codes which are abelian. A group code is a family of bi-infinite sequences produced by a finite state machine (FSM) homomorphic encoder defined on the extension of two finite groups. As a set of sequences, a group code is a dynamical system and it is known that well-behaved dynamical systems must be necessarily controllable. Thus, a good group code

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