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Journal articles on the topic 'Trenched plots'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lindh, Briana C., Andrew N. Gray, and Thomas A. Spies. "Responses of herbs and shrubs to reduced root competition under canopies and in gaps: a trenching experiment in old-growth Douglas-fir forests." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 10 (2003): 2052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-120.

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We tested the effect of root trenching on vegetation in closed-canopy and gap locations in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests. Based on theory, we expected belowground competition to be intense in a region with low summer rainfall, and trench responses were expected to be greater in the high light environment of the gaps. We installed 1 m deep trenches around study plots and lined the trenches to prevent reinvasion by tree roots. Soil moisture was measured monthly during the growing season for the first 3 years after trench installation. Vegetation in these trenched plo

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2

Hart, Stephen C., and Phil Sollins. "Soil carbon and nitrogen pools and processes in an old-growth conifer forest 13 years after trenching." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 8 (1998): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-101.

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We measured surface soil (0-15cm) C and N pools and processes inside and outside an area that had been trenched 13 years earlier in an old-growth conifer forest (>450 years) to assess the long-term impacts of reduced root inputs on C and N turnover. Trenching, combined with frequent clipping of understory plants, was originally conducted to prevent nutrient uptake by plants, as part of a study of the role of vegetation in ecosystem retention of N. Thirteen years following trenching, the median values of bulk density, pH, total C and N concentrations, annual rates of in situ net N mineraliza

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3

Ross, Des J., Neal A. Scott, Kevin R. Tate, Natasha J. Rodda, and Jackie A. Townsend. "Root effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in a Pinus radiata D. Don plantation on a coastal sand." Soil Research 39, no. 5 (2001): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr00058.

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Although the contribution of roots to soil carbon (C) fluxes and biochemical processes is recognised, it is difficult to quantify. One approach to assess their importance is the use of trenched plots, in which C inputs to the soil and respiration by living roots has ceased. We give here an account of C and nitrogen (N) pools and mineralisation in samples taken 27 months after trenching in a 26-year-old Pinus radiata D. Don plantation on a coastal sand (an Aquic Udipsamment); above-ground litter inputs continued throughout the 27-month period.Moisture contents were higher in FH material and min

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4

Phillips, C. L., K. J. McFarlane, D. Risk, and A. R. Desai. "Biological and physical influences on soil <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest." Biogeosciences 10, no. 12 (2013): 7999–8012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7999-2013.

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Abstract. While radiocarbon (14C) abundances in standing stocks of soil carbon have been used to evaluate rates of soil carbon turnover on timescales of several years to centuries, soil-respired 14CO2 measurements are an important tool for identifying more immediate responses to disturbance and climate change. Soil Δ14CO2 data, however, are often temporally sparse and could be interpreted better with more context for typical seasonal ranges and trends. We report on a semi-high-frequency sampling campaign to distinguish physical and biological drivers of soil Δ14CO2 at a temperate forest site i

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Phillips, C. L., K. J. McFarlane, D. Risk, and A. R. Desai. "Biological and physical influences on soil <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal dynamics in a temperate hardwood forest." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (2013): 10721–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-10721-2013.

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Abstract. While radiocarbon (14C) abundance in standing stocks of soil carbon has been used to evaluate rates of soil carbon turnover on timescales of several years to centuries, soil-respired 14CO2 measurements are an important tool for identifying more immediate responses to disturbance and climate change. Soil 14CO2 data are often temporally sparse, however, and could be interpreted better with more context for typical seasonal ranges and trends. We report on a semi-high-frequency sampling campaign to distinguish physical and biological drivers of soil 14CO2 at a temperate forest site in No

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6

Lavigne, M. B., R. Boutin, R. J. Foster, G. Goodine, P. Y. Bernier, and G. Robitaille. "Soil respiration responses to temperature are controlled more by roots than by decomposition in balsam fir ecosystems." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, no. 9 (2003): 1744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-090.

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Concern exists that soil respiration (Rs) will increase with global warming, thereby reducing the sink strength of forest ecosystems for carbon (C) or making them sources. We measured Rs at three balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) sites on a climatic gradient from 1997 to 2000 to assess potential responses to global warming. Mean annual Rs varied from 0.67 kg C·m-2·year-1 at the cool site, to 1.19 kg C·m-2·year-1 at the midtransect site, to 1.52 kg C·m-2·year-1 at the warm site. Trenched plots were installed in 1999 to partition Rs into root respiration (Rr) and heterotrophic respiration (

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7

Cropper Jr., Wendell P., and Henry L. Gholz. "Insitu needle and fine root respiration in mature slash pine (Pinuselliottii) trees." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, no. 11 (1991): 1589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-221.

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Respiration of needles and surface fine roots was measured in a north central Florida slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) plantation. A controlled temperature chamber system was used to estimate respiration rates and Q10 values of insitu tissues over a range of 10 to 35 °C. Respiration rates did not differ significantly among seasons, fertilized versus unfertilized plots, or time of day in a diurnal time series (needles). Needle respiration from the lower canopy was less than that from the upper canopy. Fine root respiration measurements were consistent with previously made esti

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8

Brændholt, Andreas, Andreas Ibrom, Per Ambus, Klaus Steenberg Larsen та Kim Pilegaard. "Combining a Quantum Cascade Laser Spectrometer with an Automated Closed-Chamber System for δ13C Measurements of Forest Soil, Tree Stem and Tree Root CO2 Fluxes". Forests 10, № 5 (2019): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10050432.

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Recent advances in laser spectroscopy have allowed for real-time measurements of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in CO2, thereby providing new ways to investigate carbon cycling in natural ecosystems. In this study, we combined an Aerodyne quantum cascade laser spectrometer for CO2 isotopes with a LI-COR LI-8100A/8150 automated chamber system to measure the δ13C of CO2 during automated closed-chamber measurements. The isotopic composition of the CO2 flux was determined for each chamber measurement by applying the Keeling plot method. We found that the δ13C measured by the laser spectrometer was inf

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9

Vogel, Jason G., and David W. Valentine. "Small root exclusion collars provide reasonable estimates of root respiration when measured during the growing season of installation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 9 (2005): 2112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x05-117.

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A common method to determine in situ root respiration is to insert root exclusions to sever roots and then to measure soil carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux in and outside the exclusion. We report the use of relatively small root exclusions (15.2 cm diameter plastic pipe) (SREs), installed and measured within a growing season. We switched from long-used, large root exclusions (2.5 m × 3 m) (LREs) for three reasons. First, temperature artifacts were apparent in LREs, likely because increased soil moisture altered soil thermal balance. Second, LREs in dense stands required a relatively low tree densit

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10

Tian, Dalun, Guangjun Wang, Yuanying Peng, et al. "Contribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Chinese fir plantations." Australian Journal of Botany 59, no. 1 (2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10191.

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Soil respiration (Rs) is overwhelmingly the sum of autotrophic respiration (Ra, root and rhizosphere) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh, microbes and soil fauna). Separating Rs into Ra and Rh components is a major challenge but necessary for understanding the implications of environmental change on soil C cycling and sequestration. In this study, a trenching method was employed to partition Rs sources in Chinese fir plantations in Southern China. Soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) rates were measured using an infrared gas analyser system with soil chambers at the trenched and untrenched (Control) plots fr

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11

Parrotta, John A., Dwight D. Baker, and Maurice Fried. "Changes in dinitrogen fixation in maturing stands of Casuarinaequisetifolia and Leucaenaleucocephala." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 26, no. 9 (1996): 1684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x26-190.

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Biological dinitrogen fixation in Casuarinaequisetifolia J.R. & G. Forst. and Leucaenaleucocephala (Lam.) de Wit was evaluated using the 15N-enrichment technique under field conditions in single-species and mixed-species plantings (with a nonfixing reference species, Eucalyptus ×robusta J.E. Smith) between 1.0 and 3.5 years of age in Puerto Rico. Following periodic labelling of trenched and untrenched plantation quadrats with 15N-enriched ammonium sulfate, analyses of foliar and whole-tree (weighted average) N-isotopic ratios and total biomass N were used to estimate the proportion of nitr

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12

Bryan, H. H., B. Schaffer, and M. Ozores. "EFFECTS OF AMENDING SOIL WITH PROCESSED MUNICIPAL WASTE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 614f—614. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.614f.

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The effects of amending soil with processed municipal waste (PMW), and the interaction of PMW with trenching, irrigation rates, and fertilizer rates on growth, and yield of tomato plants were tested. In a series of experiments, two rates of each of the following PMWs were incorporated into calcareous limestone soil: 1) Agrisoil (processed trash), 2) Daorganite (processed sewage sludge), 3) Eweson compost (processed trash and sludge), and 4) no PMW (control). In some experiments, secondary applications of PMW were applied to the beds at either a high rate, a low rate or not applied (control). T

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13

Fleischer, Peter, Jr. Peter Fleischer, Jakub Tomes, et al. "Soil carbon fluxes in dominant forest ecosystems along elevation gradient in the Western Carpathians." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 8 (May 28, 2025): e149280. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.8.e149280.

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Undisturbed forest ecosystems serve as crucial natural carbon (C) sinks, where photosynthesis typically exceeds carbon losses from respiration and leaching. However, the ability of these ecosystems to sequester carbon is closely tied to soil C dynamics. Even small changes in forest soil carbon pools can significantly impact atmospheric CO₂ levels. Understanding soil respiration, a major carbon release pathway from terrestrial plant ecosystems, is crucial; however, it remains poorly studied in the Western Carpathians, particularly regarding its response to increasing temperatures projected as t

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14

Ewel, Katherine C., Wendell P. Cropper.Jr., and Henry L. Gholz. "Soil CO2 evolution in Florida slash pine plantations. II. Importance of root respiration." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 4 (1987): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-055.

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Respiration of live roots was the single largest contributor to soil CO2 evolution in two mature slash pine (Pinuselliottii) plantations. Root respiration accounted for 51% of soil CO2 evolution at the 9-year-old plantation and 62% at the 29-year-old plantation. Additional estimates, calculated from data recorded from two small trenched plot sites at the 29-year-old plantation and based on possible variations in initial root biomass and subsequent decomposition rates, also averaged 62% of soil CO2 evolution. Specific root respiration averaged 0.40 g•g−1•year−1, varying from 0.34 to 1.70 g•g−1•

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15

Tanner, Edmund V. J., and Ignacio M. Barberis. "Trenching increased growth, and irrigation increased survival of tree seedlings in the understorey of a semi-evergreen rain forest in Panama." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 3 (2007): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004075.

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Seedlings in tropical forests are ultimately the source of canopy trees, thus factors controlling their composition and growth potentially influence the composition of the forest. Seedlings are primarily limited by above-ground competition with trees, but below-ground competition is potentially also important. Over 4 y we experimentally reduced below-ground competition by trenching to 50 cm and reduced drought stress by irrigating in the dry seasons (6 cm every 2 d) in the understorey of a semi-evergreen rain forest in Panama. There were four irrigated plots and four unirrigated, in each plot

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16

Wunderlich, S., and W. Borken. "Partitioning of soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in un-manipulated and experimentally flooded plots of a temperate fen." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 5 (2012): 5287–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-5287-2012.

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Abstract. Peatlands store large amounts of organic carbon, but the carbon stock is sensitive to changes in precipitation or water table manipulations. Restoration of drained peatlands by drain blocking and flooding is a common measure to conserve and augment the carbon stock of peatland soils. Here, we report to what extent flooding affected the contribution of heterotrophic and rhizosphere respiration to soil CO2 efflux in a grass-dominated mountain fen, Germany. Soil CO2 efflux was measured in three un-manipulated control plots and three flooded plots in two consecutive years. Flooding was a

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17

Wunderlich, S., and W. Borken. "Partitioning of soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux in un-manipulated and experimentally flooded plots of a temperate fen." Biogeosciences 9, no. 8 (2012): 3477–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3477-2012.

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Abstract. Peatlands store large amounts of organic carbon, but the carbon stock is sensitive to changes in precipitation or water table manipulations. Restoration of drained peatlands by drain blocking and flooding is a common measure to conserve and augment the carbon stock of peatland soils. Here, we report to what extent flooding affected the contribution of heterotrophic and rhizosphere respiration to soil CO2 efflux in a grass-dominated mountain fen in Germany. Soil CO2 efflux was measured in three un-manipulated control plots and three flooded plots in two consecutive years. Flooding was

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18

Shu, Weiwei, Hui Wang, Shirong Liu, et al. "Differential Responses of Soil Nitrogen Forms to Climate Warming in Castanopsis hystrix and Quercus aliena Forests of China." Forests 15, no. 9 (2024): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15091570.

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Climate warming impacts soil nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems, thus influencing their productivity, but this has not yet been sufficiently studied. Experiments commenced in January 2012 in a subtropical Castanopsis hystrix Hook. f. and Thomson ex A. DC. plantation and in May 2011 in a temperate Quercus aliena Blume forest, China. Four treatments were established comprising trenching, artificial warming (up to 2 °C), artificial warming + trenching, and untreated control plots. The plots were 2 × 3 m in size. In 2021 and 2022, soil nitrogen mineralization, soil nutrient availability, fine r

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19

Riegel, Gregg M., Richard F. Miller, and William C. Krueger. "The Effects of Aboveground and Belowground Competition on Understory Species Composition in a Pinus densiflora Forest." Forest Science 41, no. 4 (1995): 864–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/41.4.864.

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Abstract The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that water and nutrients, and not light, control understory plant species composition in a Pinus ponderosa forest in northeastern Oregon. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot experimental design with a 2 x 2 factorial analysis. To assess the effects of root competition of overstory trees on understory species composition, 20 plots (4 x 4 m) were trenched approximately 1.0 m in depth, and compared to 24 nontrenched plots. To increase light levels to understory vegetation, trees were thinned from 345 to 148 trees ha-1 in

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20

Pecot, Stephen D., Robert J. Mitchell, Brian J. Palik, E. Barry Moser, and J. Kevin Hiers. "Competitive responses of seedlings and understory plants in longleaf pine woodlands: separating canopy influences above and below ground." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 3 (2007): 634–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-247.

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A trenching study was used to investigate above- and below-ground competition in a longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris P. Mill.) woodland. Trenched and nontrenched plots were replicated in the woodland matrix, at gap edges, and in gap centers representing a range of overstory stocking. One-half of each plot received a herbicide treatment to remove the understory. We monitored pine survival and growth, understory productivity, light level (gap fraction), and soil resources. The overstory facilitated pine seedling survival. Pine seedling growth was reduced as overstory stocking increased. Reduced gr

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21

Nagy, Z., K. Pintér, M. Pavelka, E. Darenová, and J. Balogh. "Carbon fluxes of surfaces vs. ecosystems: advantages of measuring eddy covariance and soil respiration simultaneously in dry grassland ecosystems." Biogeosciences 8, no. 9 (2011): 2523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2523-2011.

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Abstract. An automated open system for measurement of soil CO2 efflux (Rsc) was developed and calibrated against known fluxes. The system was tested in the field, while estimating soil respiration simultaneously by the gradient method (Rsg) at a dry, sandy grassland site (Bugac, Hungary). Ecosystem respiration (Rego) was measured using the eddy covariance technique. The small chamber size (5 cm in diameter) made it possible to use the chambers in vegetation gaps, thereby avoiding the necessity of removing shoots and disturbing the spatial structure of vegetation and the upper soil layer. Low a

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22

Hermans, Renée, Rebecca McKenzie, Roxane Andersen, Yit Arn Teh, Neil Cowie, and Jens-Arne Subke. "Net soil carbon balance in afforested peatlands and separating autotrophic and heterotrophic soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes." Biogeosciences 19, no. 2 (2022): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-313-2022.

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Abstract. Peatlands are a significant global carbon (C) store, which can be compromised by drainage and afforestation. Quantifying the rate of C loss from peat soils under forestry is challenging, as soil CO2 efflux includes both CO2 produced from heterotrophic peat decomposition and CO2 produced by tree roots and associated fungal networks (autotrophic respiration). We experimentally terminated autotrophic below-ground respiration in replicated forest plots by cutting through all living tree roots (trenching) and measured soil surface CO2 flux, litter input, litter decay rate, and soil temper

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23

Falkiner, RA, PK Khanna, and RJ Raison. "Effect of superphosphate addition on N mineralization in some Australian forest soils." Soil Research 31, no. 3 (1993): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930285.

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Pinus radiata stands are reported to accumulate increased N on addition of phosphatic fertilizers. Field and laboratory studies were initiated to determine if addition of superphoshate increases soil N mineralization in forest soils. In a field experiment, application of 200 kg P ha-1 as superphosphate to trenched plots in a Pinus radiata stand increased accumulated soil mineral-N contents by 122% and 82% above the control on two occasions. Application of 500 kg P ha-1 as superphosphate either alone or in combination with lime (10 Mg ha-1) increased in situ soil net N mineralization in a dry s

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24

Lemenkova, Polina. "An Empirical Study of R Applications for Data Analysis in Marine Geology." Marine Science and Technology Bulletin 8, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2594673.

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The study focuses on the application of R programming language towards marine geological research with a case study of Mariana Trench. Due to its logical and straightforward syntax, multi-functional standard libraries, R is especially attractive to the geologists for the scientific computing. Using R libraries, the unevenness of various factors affecting Mariana Trench geomorphic structure has been studied. These include sediment thickness, slope steepness, angle aspect, depth at the basement and magmatism of the nearby areas. Methods includes using following R libraries: {ggplot2} for regress

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Generic Mapping Tools and Matplotlib Package of Python for Geospatial Data Analysis in Marine Geology." International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics 6, no. 3 (2019): 225–37. https://doi.org/10.30897/ijegeo.567343.

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Understanding patterns of the correlation between the geomorphology and geology of the seafloor of the hadal trenches is important for the proper ocean modelling. Current paper focuses on the west Pacific Ocean region with a special case of Mariana Trench, the deepest hadal trench on the planet. Methodology of the research include combination of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and Quantum GIS based mapping of the geographic location, bathymetry, geodesy, sediment thickness, geomorphic shape, tectonic and geologic structure of the Mariana Trench area, and statistical analysis by means of Python. A

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26

Boateng, Jacob O., Jean L. Heineman, Lorne Bedford, and Amanda F. Linnell Nemec. "Soil Characteristics and Lodgepole Pine (Pinus contortavar.latifolia) Performance Two Decades after Disk Trenching of Unburned and Broadcast-Burned Plots in Subboreal British Columbia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/752359.

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We examined the effects of low-impact broadcast-burning and disk-trenching planting position (control, hinge, trench) on soil characteristics and lodgepole pine foliar nutrition and growth over two decades at a subboreal site in British Columbia, Canada. Broadcast burning had virtually no effect on either the bulk density or chemical properties of soil. In contrast, significant reductions in soil bulk density and increases in soil nutrient availability persisted for 20 years in hinge position soils relative to undisturbed (control) soil between trenches. These effects on bulk density and nutri

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27

Bender, David A., and Frank J. Dainello. "A RAINFALL CAPTURE SYSTEM FOR DRYLAND CANTALOUPE PRODUCTION." HortScience 26, no. 5 (1991): 488a—488. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.488a.

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A system for collecting winter rainfall and storing it for crop use during the growing season was developed and tested for three seasons for non-irrigated cantaloupe production. In early fall raised beds on 2-m centers were shaped with two trenches ca. 30 cm wide and 10 cm deep spaced 50 cm apart. Black plastic mulch was applied over the beds, with small mounds of soil placed on the plastic over the trenches to conform the mulch to the shape of the beds. Slits 15 cm long were made in the bottom of the trenches at 1 m intervals. Fifty kg/ha of a polyacrylamide gel was incorporated into the top

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Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Dustin Bronson, Emma Bladyka, and Stith T. Gower. "A comparison of trenched plot techniques for partitioning soil respiration." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 43, no. 10 (2011): 2108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.06.011.

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Sumina, O. I. "Сlassification of vegetation of baidzharakh massifs in two sites of the arctic tundra subzone in the Siberian sector of the Russian Arctic". Vegetation of Russia, № 39 (2020): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2020.39.75.

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One of the thermokarst relief forms is baidzharakh massif — the group of mounds separated by trenches formed as a result of the underground ice-wedge polygonal networks melting (Fig. 1). Study of baidzharakh vegetation took place on the northeast coast of the Taimyr Peninsula (the Pronchishcheva Bay area) and on the New Siberian Islands (the Kotelny Island) in 1973–1974 (Sumina, 1975, 1976, 1977a, b, 1979 et al.). The aim of this paper is to produce the classification of baidzharakh mound and trenches communities according to the Brown-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, Maarel, 1978) and to compare

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Calculating slope gradient variations in the submarine landforms by R and Python statistical libraries." MANAS Journal of Engineering 7, no. 2 (2019): 99–113. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3592741.

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This research focuses on the analysis of the submarine geomorphology in the Mariana Trench located in west Pacific Ocean. The research question is to identify variations in the geomorphic form and bathymetry in different segments of the trench. Technically, the paper applies Python and R programming statistical libraries for geospatial modelling of the data sets. The methodological approach of the statistical data analysis by scripting libraries aimed to visualize geomorphic variations in the 25 transect profiles of the trench. Multiple factors affect submarine geomorphology causing variations

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Sutton, R. F., and T. P. Weldon. "White spruce establishment in boreal Ontario mixedwood: 5-year results." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 5 (1995): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71633-5.

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Five-year results of a study to evaluate the relative effectiveness of nine silvicultural treatments for establishing plantations of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) in boreal Ontario mixed-wood are presented. The experimental design provided three levels of mechanical site preparation (none, disk trenching, and toothed-blading) in all combinations with three kinds of chemical weed control (none, Velpar L© at the time of planting, and Vision© during the second growing season). A randomized block experiment using 0.8-ha plots and two replications was established in Oates Twp. in 1985 a

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32

Lemenkova, Polina. "Regression Models by Gretl and R Statistical Packages for Data Analysis in Marine Geology." International Journal of Environmental Trends 3, no. 1 (2019): 39–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3253803.

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Gretl and R statistical libraries enables to perform data analysis using various algorithms, modules and functions. In this study, the geospatial analysis of example case study of Mariana Trench, a deep-sea hadal trench located in west Pacific Ocean, was performed using multi-functional combined approach of both Gretl and R libraries. The study aim was to model and visualize trends in variations of the trench’s properties: bathymetry (depths), geomorphology (steepness gradient), geology, volcanism (igneous rocks). The workflow included following statistical methods computed and visualize

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Duchesne, Luc C., and Renée Tellier. "Effect of site preparation on the nutrient content of non-crop vegetation in a jack pine clear-cut." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 6 (1997): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73711-6.

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The nutrient (N, P, K, Mg, and Ca) content of the aboveground living non-crop vegetation of a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) clear-cut in eastern Ontario was investigated for two years after site preparation, which consisted of prescribed burning under different fire intensities and disk trencher scarification. Total plant nutrient content generally followed biomass accumulation with higher levels of plant N, P, Ca, and K in clear-cuts and scarified sites than in burned-over sites. In the first growing season, concentrations of N, P, and K were higher in the vegetation of burned-over plots

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34

Jassal, Rachhpal S., and T. Andrew Black. "Estimating heterotrophic and autotrophic soil respiration using small-area trenched plot technique: Theory and practice." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 140, no. 1-4 (2006): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.12.012.

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Computing and Plotting Correlograms by Python and R Libraries for Correlation Analysis of the Environmental Data in Marine Geomorphology." Journal of Geomorphological Researches 3 (October 22, 2019): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516458.

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The geomorphology of the Mariana Trench, the deepest ocean trench on the Earth, has a complex character: its transverse profile is asymmetric, the slopes are higher on the side of the Mariana island arc. The shape of the Mariana Trench is a strongly elongated, arched in plan and lesser rectilinear depression. The slopes of the trench are dissected by deep underwater canyons with various narrow steps on the slopes of various shapes and sizes, caused by active tectonic and sedimentation processes. Understanding of factors that may affect the shape of the geomorphology of such complex structure r

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Levine, E., and H. Oloumi-Sadeghi. "Corn Rootworm Control with Cucurritacin Bait, 1989-1990." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 16, no. 1 (1991): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/16.1.156.

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Abstract Objectives were to evaluate the effect of cucurbitacin bait on mortality of WCR and NCR beetles in an attempt to reduce egg laying by these insects and thereby reduce damage to a subsequent corn crop. Corn was planted following a previous crop of corn at a rate of 64,000 seeds per ha on 15 May, 1989, at Urbana, 111. A 2.5-ha field was divided into eight 0.3-ha plots by cutting 2-row alleys between designated tracts. Four randomly-selected plots were treated with bait consisting of 5.0% by wt of buffalo gourd root powder (the source of cucurbitacin feeding stimulant/arrestant) and 0.3%

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Prostak, Donald J. "Biological Control of Cabbage Maggot on Cruciferous Crops with Parasitic Nematodes, 1994." Arthropod Management Tests 20, no. 1 (1995): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/20.1.76.

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Abstract Cabbage was transplanted on 10 May with radish and turnip seeded on 11 May into three separate adjacent plots at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of single rows, 20 ft long on 3 ft centers with 2 ft between cabbage plants and approximately 2 inches between radish and turnip plants. Buffers were 3 ft between rows and 1 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 25 May and 9 Jun by digging a shallow, c

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Busse, Matt D., Gary O. Fiddler, and Carol J. Shestak. "Conifer Root Proliferation after 20 Years of Soil Compaction." Forest Science 63, no. 2 (2016): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/fs-2016-053.

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Soil compaction is known to limit plant growth by reducing soil macroporosity and restricting gas, water, and root movement. Recent evidence from study sites across the United States and Canada, however, suggests that tree growth is not universally affected by soil compaction from forest harvesting practices. Our observational study examined rooting patterns in mixed conifer plantations in the central Sierra Nevada of California to determine whether tree roots use continuous pathways or channels to overcome the physical restrictions of compacted soil. Replicate plots were established 20–25 yea

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Lisetskii, Fedor, Vladimir Stolba, Aleksandra Golyeva, Olga Marinina, and Arseniy Poletaev. "Postantique Soils as a Source of Land Use Information: A Case Study of an Ancient Greek Agricultural Area on the Northern Black Sea Coast." Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2020 (January 29, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8698179.

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As an effect of intensive agricultural development of the steppes of the northern Black Sea coast, the finds of postantique agricultural landscapes that preserve relic elements of ancient land-use infrastructure are extremely rare. To these belongs the uniquely preserved ancient Greek land division system on the Tarkhankut Peninsula (north-western Crimea), which was studied using the methods of soil science and biomorphic analysis. This paper explores ancient land-use practices in order to reconstruct the original parameters of the land division system, as well as agricultural techniques emplo

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Cargua Catagña, Franklin Enrique, Marco Vinicio Rodríguez Llerena, Diego Armando Damián Carrión, Celso Guillermo Recalde Moreno, and Guido Patricio Santillán Lima. "Analytical methods comparison for soil organic carbon determination in Andean Forest of Sangay National Park-Ecuador." Acta Agronómica 66, no. 3 (2017): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v66n3.52467.

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A relationship among total organic carbon content determined by ignition loss (LOI) and DUMAS combustion methods, were perfomed in evergreen Andean eyebrow forest soils, southwestern zone of Sangay National Park- Ecuador, where three conglomerates were established as follows: (C) with five plots (P) with plots of 20 x 20 m. In each plot, five digging trenches and four soil samples were carried out at different depths: 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and> 30 cm, respectively. It is observed that the amount of total organic carbon obtained by the DUMAS and LOI method (R2 = 0.99) does not differ significan

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Processing oceanographic data by Python libraries NumPy, SciPy and Pandas." Aquatic Research 2, no. 2 (2019): 73–91. https://doi.org/10.3153/AR19009.

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The study area is located in western Pacific Ocean, Mariana Trench. The aim of the data analysis is to analyze the potential influence of how various geological and tectonic factors may affect the geomorphological shape of the Mariana Trench. Statistical analysis of the data set in marine geology and oceanography requires an adequate strategy on big data processing. In this context, current research proposes a combination of the Python-based methodology that couples GIS geospatial data analysis. The Quantum GIS part of the methodology produces an optimized representative sampling dataset consi

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Rao, M. R., P. Muraya, and P. A. Huxley. "Observations of Some Tree Root Systems in Agroforestry Intercrop Situations, and their Graphical Representation." Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1993): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700020627.

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SummaryRoot systems of unpruned Cassia siamea and Leucaena leucocephala trees and regularly pruned hedges of C. siamea, L. leucocephala and Gliricidia sepium were examined in a semi-arid area in Kenya. Trenches were dug across rows of trees or hedges, soil profiles washed, and different sized roots counted in small 5 × 5 cm grids fully covering both faces of the trench. The roots were displayed using two computer software programmes written for this purpose: a spline technique that displays smoothed root densities in different shades; and a random dot method which displays roots as dots, using

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Bowden, Richard D., Knute J. Nadelhoffer, Richard D. Boone, Jerry M. Melillo, and Jason B. Garrison. "Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 7 (1993): 1402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-177.

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Estimating contributions by root respiration and root litter to total soil respiration is difficult owing to problems in measuring each component separately. In a mixed hardwood forest in Massachusetts, we added or removed aboveground litter and terminated live root activity through construction of trenches and root barriers to determine the contribution of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration. Annual soil respiration at control plots, measured by the soda-lime technique, was 371 g C•m−2-year−1. We used aboveground litter inputs (138 g C•m−2yea

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Hong, Chuanxue, Brent A. Holtz, David P. Morgan, and Themis J. Michailides. "Significance of Thinned Fruit as a Source of the Secondary Inoculum of Monilinia fructicola in California Nectarine Orchards." Plant Disease 81, no. 5 (1997): 519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.5.519.

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The significance of thinned fruit as a source of secondary inoculum in the spread of brown rot, caused by Monilinia fructicola, under semi-arid weather conditions of the San Joaquin Valley in California, was investigated in seven nectarine orchards in 1995 and 1996. Between 6 and 60% (depending on the orchard) of thinned fruit showed sporulation by M. fructicola. Brown rot was significantly less severe at preharvest (five orchards) and postharvest (one orchard) on fruit harvested from trees in plots from which thinned fruit were completely removed than on those in plots from which thinned frui

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Lemenkova, Polina. "Python libraries matplotlib, seaborn and pandas for visualization geospatial datasets generated by QGIS." Analele stiintifice ale Universitatii "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iasi - seria Geografie 64, no. 1 (2020): 13–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4050413.

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This work aim is to perform modelling and spatial analysis of the marine geological data using combination of the QGIS and Python programming. Selecting proper cartographic software is important part of the geospatial research. QGIS provides organizing data in a GIS project for mapping and spatial visualization through vector and raster layers stored in GIS. Study area is Mariana Trench, west Pacific Ocean. A series of cross-section profiles were digitized in QGIS and used for further data processing in Python. Mariana Trench has complex geomorphic structure and unevenness in profiles stretchi

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Ehrhardt, Annelie, Sylvia Koszinski, and Horst H. Gerke. "A Field Experiment for Tracing Lateral Subsurface Flow in a Post-Glacial Hummocky Arable Soil Landscape." Water 15, no. 6 (2023): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061248.

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Lateral subsurface flow (LSF) is a phenomenon that is widely occurring including the hummocky ground moraine landscape. Due to the heterogeneous structure of the subsurface, transport times of pesticides and nutrients from agricultural areas to adjacent water bodies are difficult to assess. Here, LSF at Luvisol and Regosol plots of an experimental field were studied by applying potassium bromide along a 10 m trench below the plow pan in October 2019. The soil solution was collected in suction cups 3 m downslope of the trench and in April 2021, the soil was sampled down to 1 m depth. Almost no

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Ahmad, Zahid, Zulfiqar Ali, Fazal Ghani, and Shah Khalid. "Regeneration of Natural Forests in the Hindu Kush Range: A Case Study of Quercus baloot Plants in Sheshikoh Oak Forests, District Chitral, Pakistan." International Journal of Forestry Research 2022 (October 8, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2173092.

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Regeneration of oak (Quercus baloot Griff.) forests is an issue of concern in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in general and Sheshikoh Valley of District Chitral in particular. The oak forests cover has been continuously deteriorated and depleted due to uncontrolled grazing, low moisture content of soil, and overusage of the plant as fuelwood and are hence the major contributors toward the failure of oak regeneration. The present study was aimed to asses’ different treatments and their impacts on the growth and regeneration of oak forests. This study was conducted in oak forests of Sheshikoh Valle

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Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Dustin Bronson, Emma Bladyka, and Stith T. Gower. "Corrigendum to “A comparison of trenched plot techniques for partitioning soil respiration” [Soil Biol. Biochem. 43 (10) (2011) 2108–2114]." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 47 (April 2012): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.003.

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Gaurav Singh, M.J. Kaledhonkar, A.K. Singh, et al. "Sapota (Achras zapota) based bio-engineering measures for slope stabilization and sustainable productive utilization in Mahi ravines, Gujarat." Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 53, no. 1 (2025): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.53550/ijsc.v53.i1.186.

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A long-term field experiment (2010-2022) was conducted on 14% sloped ravine lands along the Mahi River in Gujarat to evaluate agroforestry systems integrated with bio-engineering techniques for runoff conservation, soil loss reduction, and productivity enhancement. Five treatments were tested on 72 × 24 m plots: (i) cowpea + castor on bench terraces (CCBT), (ii) sapota + cowpea + castor on bench terraces (SCCBT), (iii) sapota on bench terraces (SBT), (iv) sapota with staggered trenches on slope (SSTS) and (v) sapota on untreated slope (SS - control). Bench terraces were subdivided to reduce sl

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Bomford, Michael K., and Robert S. Vernon. "Root Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Immigration into Strawberry Plots Protected by Fence or Portable Trench Barriers." Environmental Entomology 34, no. 4 (2005): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x-34.4.844.

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