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1
Moliterno, Paula, Victoria Donhauser, and Kurt Widhalm. "Childhood Obesity Trends among 8–11-Year-Olds: Insights from a School Sample in Vienna, Austria (2017–2023)." Children 11, no. 4 (2024): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11040431.
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In Austria, childhood obesity is a public health concern. This study examined time trends in the percentage of obesity among a sample of schoolchildren from Vienna (2017–2023). The body mass index percentiles of 326 children [9.3 years old (95% CI 8.3–10.5, min–max 8.0–10.9] from the EDDY study were calculated for trend analyses. Trend analysis was performed using a logistic regression using overweight and obesity as dependent binary variables, and study year and age as independent continuous variables. The percentage change over time was calculated, including the first period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Obesity percentages increased from 23.5 (95% CI 15.1–31.9)% in 2017 to 25.0 (95% CI 12.2–37.8)% in 2023. From 2017 to 2023, while overweight/obesity percentages decreased by 25.9 (−59.5–15.6)%, obesity increased by 6.4 (−51.2–94.9)%. A non-significant trend (p ≥ 0.38) was observed. During the first period of the pandemic, the percentage changes in overweight/obesity and obesity were 68.4 (5.6–187.9)% and 29.2 (−37.3–166.8)%, respectively. The current percentage of obesity in this sample is high and peaked in 2020 during the pandemic. These findings emphasize the need for future investigations considering the representativeness of the school-aged population in Austria to gain a broader picture of overweight and obesity trends.
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Stonecash, Jeffrey M. "Reconsidering the Trend in Incumbent Vote Percentages in House Elections." American Review of Politics 24 (November 1, 2003): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2003.24.0.225-239.
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The rise in the vote percentage for House incumbents since 1946 has been a central concern in election studies. The presumed increase has prompted numerous attempts to explain it. The increase has also served as a basis for considerable commentary about change in the nature of contemporary politics and elections. This analysis argues that the presumed increase is largely an artifact of the questionable decision to exclude uncontested elections. As the number of uncontested races declined from the 1950s through the 1960s, adding in these districts created an apparent increase that arguably did not really occur. When all incumbent races are considered, the pattern over the last 50 years is one of no increase in the percentage of the vote received by incumbents.
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Barsha, Nibedita, and Sudhakar Patra Dr. "TREND AND PATTERN OF EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION IN INDIA." International Journal of Education &Applied Sciences Research 1, no. 4 (2014): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10683656.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> <em>The paper attempts to examine the trend and pattern of educational expenditure in India and to investigate the linkage between the GDP and education expenditure. Mainly Secondary data from various sources are collected (61 years of data) i.e. from 1951 to 2012 to investigate the trend and pattern of educational expenditure in India. The educational expenditure analyses are based on Econometric methods as well as the Statistical methods. Line graph is used to show the trend of education expenditure. Education has a great social importance especially in the modern, complex industrialized society and it plays its continuous role in all spheres of life. The educational expenditure as a percentage of GDP is very less in India but in USA it is 5.7 percentages, in France it is 5.6 percentages, in South Africa it is 5.3 percentages. However it is found from the analysis that education expenditure has a direct and positive impact on GDP. But in India, the expenditure on education in relation to GDP continues to be much below the desired level. India’s spending on education is only 4.1 percent of its GDP. When other developed countries are spending more on education, India is lagging behind the social sector expenditure particularly on education. Therefore, the Central government and the State government have to spend more on education to increase our GDP. The funding arrangements in all level of education need to be reformed. The expenditure on education should increase over the years and there should be an increasing in the expenditure on education by the states with a view to increase the share of the state governments in achieving the target of expenditure on education as 6 percent of its GDP (According to Kothari Commission). So, by spending on education Indian economy can expect to grow. </em> <strong><em>Key Words</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Education, Expenditure, GDP, Linkage, Pattern, Trend, </em>
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Ishak, Elias, and Ataur Rahman. "Detection of changes in flood data in Victoria, Australia from 1975 to 2011." Hydrology Research 46, no. 5 (2014): 763–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2014.064.
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Changes in observed streamflow records for 131 catchments from the state of Victoria in southeast Australia are investigated for the 1975–2011 study period. Seven flood indices are considered which are derived from annual maximum, peak-over-threshold (POT) and monthly maximum flood series. Trend analyses are undertaken using Mann–Kendall (MK) and seasonal MK tests along with the bootstrap resampling approach to account for serial correlation. A common trend direction in all months in streamflow data for the majority of the stations has been identified by Van Belle and Hughes’ homogeneity test. Trend analyses results show the percentages of stations exhibiting significant downward trends ranges from 4 to 35% at 5% significance level, which is generally higher than the percentage of stations to occur by chance. Good agreement is found between trends in the AM and POT flood magnitude time series, and separately in the POT flood frequency time series, but not between flood magnitude and their associated frequency series. More stations with significant negative trends have transpired in the AM than in the POT flood data series. Resemblance in the results between both the MK and seasonal MK tests for most of the catchments is also noticed.
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Jacobson, Gary C. "Reconsidering "Reconsidering the Trend in Incumbent Vote Percentages in House Elections": A Comment." American Review of Politics 24 (November 1, 2003): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2003.24.0.241-244.
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Jeffrey M. Stonecash’s Reconsidering the Trend in Incumbent Vote Percentages in House Elections” (2003) is a misguided attempt to offer a revisionist view of the increase in the electoral advantage enjoyed by House incumbents that occurred during the 1960s. His central argument is that one indicator of this trend, the mean vote percentage won by incumbent candidates in contested elections, distorts incumbent support because it leaves out uncontested races. Because the number of uncontested races varies over time, the tally for a fluctuating number of strong incumbents-so well en-trenched no one even takes them on-is left out of the average vote, rendering the measure inaccurate. When this oversight is corrected, there is no trend.
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Grissmer, David W., John A. Beekman, and David R. Ober. "Focusing on Short-term Achievement Gains Fails to Produce Long-term Gains." Education Policy Analysis Archives 22 (February 3, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v22n5.2014.
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The short-term emphasis engendered by No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has focused research predominantly on unraveling the complexities and uncertainties in assessing short-term results, rather than developing methods and assessing results over the longer term. In this paper we focus on estimating long-term gains and address questions important to evaluating schools and identifying educational policies and practices that produce long-term sustained gains. Estimates are made of annual pass rates on state exams using fixed effect models for six years of pass rates at grades 3, 6, 8 and 10; the percentages of schools making statistically significant gains, gains, losses, and statistically significant losses in pass rates are determined. Estimates are contrasted using models that include and exclude demographic characteristics. The percentages of schools with statistically significant gains varied markedly from 38 to 6 at grades 6 and 10, respectively; the percentage of schools with statistically significant declines ranged from less than 8 percent at grades 3, 6, and 8, to 23 percent at grade 10. Including demographics increased the percentages of schools with statistically significant gains and lowered the percentages with statistically significant declines. The results suggest that schools with higher proportions of free-reduced lunch and minority students are more likely to have statistically significant gains with demographic controls. Estimates of pass rate trends are made using Monte Carlo simulations; from these simulations the percentages of schools that may be mislabeled as having statistically significant gains and losses are determined. Even with six years of trend data, results suggest that chance can still play a significant role in mislabeling school performance, especially in grades having weak overall trends.
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Mutinelli, Franco, Anna Pinto, Luciana Barzon, and Marica Toson. "Some Considerations about Winter Colony Losses in Italy According to the Coloss Questionnaire." Insects 13, no. 11 (2022): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13111059.
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The Italian beekeeping industry has grown steadily during the last decade, according to data from the national beekeeping registry, which came into existence in February 2015. Winter colony losses remain a matter of concern for beekeepers in Italy, and administration of the questionnaire defined by the Coloss Association could contribute to a better understanding of this phenomenon. To evaluate the percentage trends over time in honeybee colony losses arising from various causes, we used the quasi-binomial generalized linear modelling (GzLM) approach, taking the year as an independent variable. We set our level of significance at 5% and performed the data analysis only for the seven regions that sent data continuously from 2014 to 2020. We considered the percentage of losses due to queen-related problems, natural disasters, and dead or empty colonies, given that these questions remained unchanged over the years. The survey also revealed that the percentage trend for respondents using drone brood removal showed a significant increase. In general, the percentage of colony losses due to queen-related problems remained lower than 8%, and the percentage of colony losses associated with natural disasters was very low (<2%). The mean percentages of losses due to dead or empty colonies ranged from 6 to 17% in the considered period. In addition, we took account of the responses relating to treatments against Varroa mite infestation, given the importance attributed to this honeybee parasite. Unlike the other variables, we calculated the percentages related to the types of beekeeper treatments against Varroa destructor based on the respondents, not on the colonies. What emerged was that almost every beekeeper used at least one type of treatment against V. destructor. In general, the trend of respondents appeared stable at 0.3% during the last four years.
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Nadifa, Ulfatun, Yasin Mohamad, Bambang Panji Asmara, et al. "REVIEW OF IOT SUBJECT: TREND AND CHALLENGE FOR RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION." Inverted: Journal of Information Technology Education 5, no. 1 (2025): 103–10. https://doi.org/10.37905/inverted.v5i1.29986.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology that is revolutionizing various industries and everyday life. This study aims to explore current trends and challenges in IoT research and publication. The research method employed in this study begins with a blind search across various international journal databases, followed by ranking the minimum and maximum percentages of each IoT subject. The journal databases used include IEEE, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, and NATURE. Subjects with minimal rankings or IoT journal topics with the lowest percentages in each database were then reviewed based on predetermined filters. The blind search results revealed that IoT subjects with the lowest percentages were IoT Smart Farming at 0.87%, IoT Smart Bin at 1.54%, and IoT Smart Water at 2.73%. A review was subsequently conducted on journals covering IoT subjects to identify trends and challenges related to techniques, tools, and objects in the subjects with the lowest percentages.
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Rahiman, A. H. Sajeeb, and Robinson Smart D.S. "Study on Low Cycle Fatigue and Tensile Behavior of Al 5083/CNT/MoB/Ni Hybrid Composite." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 4 (2020): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2020100102.
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The paper is on low cycle fatigue and tensile behavior of hybrid composite with Al5083 alloy as matrix material and different weight percentages of multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT), molybdenum boride (MoB), and nickel (Ni) as reinforcements. Low cycle fatigue test is conducted loading with a stress ratio of 0.1 and maximum load of 50 kN. Both tensile properties and fatigue life for the composites are found to be increasing initially with increase in percentage weight of reinforcements up to a CNT weight percentage of 0.75. When the percentage of reinforcement further increases the properties show a decreasing trend. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the ruptured fatigue specimen indicates that the increase in properties is due to grain size refinement and the decreasing trend is because of CNT cluster formation.
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Brauchla, Mary, Mark J. Dekker, and Colin D. Rehm. "Trends in Vitamin C Consumption in the United States: 1999–2018." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020420.
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Low intakes of fruits and vegetables have resulted in suboptimal intakes of several micronutrients, including vitamin C. This cross-sectional study used data from 84,902 children/adults (≥1 y) who completed a 24-h dietary recall as part of the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018). Mean vitamin C intakes from foods/beverages were calculated as were trends in major food/beverage sources of vitamin C. Percentages below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were estimated. Overall, mean vitamin C consumption declined by 23% (97–75 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). 100% fruit juice was the leading source of vitamin C (25.6% of total or 21.7mg/d), but this declined by 48% (25–13 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001). Whole fruit increased among children/adolescents (+75.8%;10–17 mg/d; p-value for trend < 0.001), but not adults, while the vegetable contribution was generally unchanged. The proportion of the population below the EAR increased by 23.8% on a relative scale or 9 percentage points on an absolute scale (38.3–47.4%). Declines in vitamin C intake is driven largely by decreases in fruit juice coupled with modest increases in whole fruit. Due to associations between vitamin C intake and numerous health outcomes these trends warrant careful monitoring moving forward.
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Ishak, Elias, and Ataur Rahman. "Examination of Changes in Flood Data in Australia." Water 11, no. 8 (2019): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081734.
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This study performs a simultaneous evaluation of gradual and abrupt changes in Australian annual maximum (AM) flood data using a modified Mann–Kendall and Pettitt change-point detection test. The results show that AM flood data in eastern Australia is dominated by downward trends. Depending on the significance level and study period under consideration, about 8% to 33% of stations are characterised by significant trends, where over 85% of detected significant trends are downward. Furthermore, the change-point analysis shows that the percentages of stations experiencing one abrupt change in the mean or in the direction of the trend are in the range of 8% to 33%, of which over 50% occurred in 1991, with a mode in 1995. Prominent resemblance between the monotonic trend and change-point analysis results is also noticed, in which a negative shift in the mean is observed at catchments that exhibited downward trends, and a positive shift in the mean is observed in the case of upward trends. Trend analysis of the segmented AM flood series based on their corresponding date indicates an absence of a significant trend, which may be attributed to the false detection of trends when the AM flood data are characterised by a shift in its mean.
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Niel, Francis B. Casillano, A. Azura Arceli, B. Abenis Erlick, and B. Madeja Jovito. "Comparative Historical Trends of Faculty Performance in Instruction, Research and Extension in a Philippine State University." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 37 (2021): 2865–70. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i37.946.
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<strong>Objectives:</strong> This research focused on the determining the difference of faculty performance in instruction, research and extension in the last 3 years.<strong> Methods:</strong> The researcher used mean, variance percentage, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test to determine the difference of faculty performance from 2017-2018. <strong>Findings:</strong> The analyses revealed that there were positive variance percentages of faculty performance in instruction (+2.47%) and extension (+14.28%) while a negative variance percentage was recorded for research (-4.62%) from 2017-2018. Furthermore, a negative variance percentage for instruction (–0.43%), research (-12.9%) and extension (-25%) was recorded from 2018-2019. The same analysis also revealed that there is no significant difference of the faculty performance in instruction (p-value= .8704), research (p-value=0.48486) and extension (p-value=0.14412) from 2017-2019. The negative variance percentage is indicative of a waning productivity which can be attributed to many factors such as lack of time in the conduct of extension and research, lack of funding support and lack of community participation. <strong>Novelty:</strong> The result of the study can be utilized as inputs the creation of policies that are geared towards the improvement of faculty performance. <strong>Keywords:</strong> trend; faculty performance; instruction; research; extension
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Christianne Gomes Gouveia Souto Maia, Paula, Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti, Fernando Augusto Marinho dos Santos Figueira, Gabrielle Do Amaral Virginio Pereira, Woska Pires da Costa, and Luiz Carlos de Abreu. "Space-temporal analysis of the incidence, mortality and case fatality of COVID-19 in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the period from 2020 to 2022, in the Northeast of Brazil." Journal of Human Growth and Development 34, no. 1 (2024): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/jhgd.v34.15777.
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Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has had a great impact on the state of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as around the world, constituting a relevant challenge for public health. Since its emergence, the disease has spread widely, causing a significant number of confirmed cases and deaths in the state. Objective: to analyze the trend of incidence, mortality and case fatality of COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the Northeast region of Brazil, between 2020 and 2022. Methods: consists of an ecological analysis of time series of retrospective secondary data in population level. Incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were estimated, as well as case fatality and daily percentage variation, both expressed in percentages. The daily percentage variation was calculated using the generalized linear regression technique using the Prais-Winsten method, and served to classify the trend as increasing, decreasing or stationary, considering a significance level of 95%. Results: data analysis showed the registration of 582,618 cases and 8,689 deaths from COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, during the period from March 2020 to December 2022. There was an initial increase in the incidence rate in 2020, followed by a significant reduction in 2021 and 2022. Mortality showed a decreasing trend in 2021 and a stationary trend in 2022, without notable variation in 2020. The case fatality rate decreased in 2020, but did not show significant trends in the following years. Conclusion: the epidemiological analysis of COVID-19 in the state of Rio Grande do Norte revealed variations in incidence, mortality and case fatality over the study period. The daily percentage change over the total period of the incidence time series was stationary, while mortality and case fatality were decreasing.
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Raji, Mukaila A., Yong-Fang Kuo, Nai-Wei Chen, Hunaid Hasan, Denise M. Wilkes, and James S. Goodwin. "Impact of Laws Regulating Pain Clinics on Opioid Prescribing and Opioid-Related Toxicity Among Texas Medicare Part D Beneficiaries." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 33, no. 2 (2017): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755122516686226.
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Background: Pain management clinics are major sources of prescription opioids. Texas government passed several laws regulating pain clinics between 2009 and 2011 to reduce opioid-related toxicity. Understanding the impact of these laws can inform policy geared toward making the laws more effective in curbing the growing epidemic of opioid overdose, especially among the elderly population. Objectives: To examine the longitudinal association of laws regulating pain clinics on opioid-prescribing and opioid-related toxicity among Texas Medicare recipients. Methods: The 2007 to 2012 claims data for Texas Medicare Part D recipients were used to assess temporal trends in the percentage of patients filling any schedule II or schedule III opioid prescription, hospitalization for opioid toxicity, and their relationships to the 2009 to 2011 Texas laws regulating pain clinics. We excluded those with a cancer diagnosis. Join-point trend analysis with Bayesian Information Criterion selection methods were used to evaluate the change in monthly percentages of patients filling opioid prescriptions and hospitalization over time. Results: There was a short-lived decline in the monthly percentages of patients who filled a schedule II or schedule III opioid prescription after the 2009 laws regulating pain clinics. The decline lasted about 3 months. Subsequent new laws had no effect on the percentages of patients who filled any opioid prescription or were hospitalized for potential opioid toxicity. Hospitalizations for opioid toxicity were highest in the winter and lowest in the summer. Conclusions: Changes in the percentages of opioid-prescribing or opioid-related hospitalizations over time were not associated with laws regulating pain clinics.
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Zhu, Liangzhen, Xigang Xing, and Feng Yan. "The Abnormal Phenomena of Entropy Weighting Method in the Dynamic Evaluation of Agricultural Water Conservation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (August 12, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7732970.
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Through a simple and intuitive example of the agricultural water conservation assessment in 3 provinces, China, the abnormal phenomena of the entropy weighting method (EWM) in the dynamic evaluation are revealed. The results show the following. (i) The irrigation water efficiency percentages (IWEPs) of these 3 provinces are improved from 53%, 53%, and 55% to 55%, 56%, and 56%, respectively. And their water-saving irrigation projects percentages (WSIPPs) are improved from 40%, 41%, and 41% to 42%, 42%, and 42%, respectively. However, their comprehensive agricultural conservation indices deteriorate from 52.11, 52.45, and 56.1 to 46.07, 46.74, and 48.57, respectively. (ii) EWM leads to the following paradox in the dynamic evaluation. All the indicators show improving trends, but the comprehensive evaluation results show a deteriorating trend. (iii) These abnormal phenomena of EWM are induced by that though all the indicators are improved, the discrimination of the worse indicators becomes larger while the discrimination of the better indicators becomes smaller. (iv) The abnormal phenomena of EWM in dynamic evaluation can be avoided by the trend analysis of the observation data and entropy values. When all the indicators have improvement trends, but the entropies of the better indicators are increasing and the entropies of the worse indicators are decreasing, EWM should not be used for assigning weights.
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Smith, Maggie J., Mike E. King, Karol E. Fike, Esther D. McCabe, Glenn M. Rogers, and Kenneth G. Odde. "241 Trends in the percentage of modified live, killed, and combination respiratory viral vaccines administered to beef calves offered for sale in summer video auctions from 2000 through 2018." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (2020): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.016.
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Abstract The objective of this study was to identify trends in the percentage of type of respiratory viral vaccines administered to lots of beef calves offered for sale in summer video auctions from 2000 through 2018. There were 59,762 lots of single-gender beef calves (7,167,352 total calves) offered for sale in 145 summer video auctions during these years. Information describing calf lots was obtained from the auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX) which included named vaccines administered to the lot. Named 4- or 5-way respiratory viral vaccines were classified into three groups based on the type of antigens they contained: all modified live antigens (MLV), all killed antigens (KILLED), and a combination of modified live and killed antigens (COMBO). The Cochran-Armitage Trend Test was used to quantify the significance of a trend in the usage of each respiratory viral vaccine type. There was an increase (P &lt; 0.0001) in the percentage of MLV vaccines given to beef calf lots from 2000 (39.7%) through 2018 (88.9%). At the same time, the percentages of both KILLED and COMBO vaccines administered to lots of beef calves declined (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). In 2000, 31.2% and 29.1% of the total respiratory viral vaccines given to beef calf lots were KILLED or COMBO vaccines, respectively. By 2018, only 4.7% of respiratory viral vaccines were KILLED, and only 6.4% were COMBO vaccines. This dramatic shift indicates an industry trend towards increasing MLV vaccine utilization compared with declining usage of KILLED and COMBO vaccines. This trend may be a result of MLV vaccine approval for use in calves nursing pregnant cows.
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Arredondo-López, José Jair, and Ulises Espinosa-Rojas. "Pruebas de germinación y viabilidad de tres coníferas a través del tiempo de almacén en el Banco de Germoplasma de la Comisión Forestal del Estado de Michoacán." e-CUCBA 9, no. 17 (2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/ecucba.vi17.218.
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The diversity of forests in Mexico is affected by rapid population growth, which has causes forest resources to be used in anaccelerated way, thus increasing deforestation rates. For this, there are governmental institutions such as the Germplasm Bank of theState Forestry Commission, which is in charge of the collection, processing, storage and analysis of seeds (forest germplasm), forlater production in the nursery. In the present study, the percentage of viability (PV) and the percentage of germination (PG) of theseed lots of three species of the genus Pinus stored in cold storage (Pinusmichoacana,P.montezumae y P.pseudostrobus) wereevaluated, considering the storage time (16 years), as a variation agent, with the aim of proposing its registration. The GeneralizedLiner Model and linear regression showed differences in the averages of both percentages when comparing them between species,being those of P.michoacana greater ( 74.34%) and lower those of P.montezumae (64.66%), by species P.michoacana (190batches) only in PG there was a difference with a positive trend when increasing the storage time, in P.montezumae (216 batches)there was also a difference when comparing the storage time, a decrease in these percentages was observed with increasing storagetime, and for P.pseudostrobus (130 batches) there was no difference, in terms of the representative lot of each species (222131-A02,323152-A03, 322147-A02= batch number), there was no difference in relation to time storage. As a conclusion, both by species andby each lot, it is not possible to propose that they are still suitable to be kept in storage, since they do not present sufficient evidenceof a possible downward trend in their percentages of viability and germination in relation to storage time.
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Nor Asyiqin Jafri, Mohd Ikmal Fazlan Rosli, Kay Dora Abd Ghani, Atiqah Abdul Aziz, Noorliyana Zakaria, and Sharih Naim Sharih Md Zahir. "The Ideal Percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as Partial Sand Replacement." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 31, no. 2 (2023): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.31.2.6270.
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The demand for materials to retrofit earthquake-prone high-rise buildings and road vehicle tire manufacturing has led to crumb rubber as a partial sand replacement. This trend, in turn, has contributed to the rapid growth of urbanisation. Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) comprises sand, cement, fibres, and admixtures as primary materials and does not require the addition of coarse aggregates to the mix. This study aims to determine the ideal percentage of Rubberized Engineered Cementitious Composite (RECC) as a partial sand replacement. The mechanical properties, such as the compressive and splitting tensile strength, were evaluated at varying percentages of crumb rubber (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Due to the increased percentages of crumb rubber as a partial sand replacement into ECC, the compressive strength and tensile strength of RECC were significantly reduced. Despite these reductions, all the mixture achieved its minimum acceptable compressive strength of 35 MPa, and tensile strength is 2.31MPa. The ideal percentage of crumb rubber as partial sand replacement in ECC or RECC is 5%. However, more extensive tests can be conducted in the future to determine the flexural strength of different percentages of crumb rubber.
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Foteinakis, Panagiotis F., and Stefania P. Pavlidou. "A Decade of Evolution: Comparative Analysis of Shooting Trends and Offensive Efficiency in the NBA and EuroLeague." Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 14, no. 2 (2025): 3–9. https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.250902.
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The evolution of basketball shooting strategies has become increasingly crucial in understanding the sport's development across different professional leagues. This study compares shooting trends and offensive efficiency between the National Basketball Association (NBA) and EuroLeague over a decade (2012-2013 to 2022-2023). To examine multiple shooting metrics, including two-point and three-point field goal attempts per 100 possessions, shooting percentages, and advanced efficiency indicators, box-score data from 14,688 professional games (12,150 NBA and 2,538 EuroLeague) was used. The Mann-Whitney U test identified significant differences in the offensive strategies between the EuroLeague and NBA. EuroLeague exhibited a higher reliance on three-point shooting, with a greater three-point attempt rate (3PA/FGA%) and more three-point attempts per 100 possessions, while the NBA showed higher two-point field goal attempt rates per 100 possessions. The EuroLeague outperformed the NBA in three-point makes, two-point percentage, and effective field goal percentage, while the NBA maintained an edge in two-point makes per 100 possessions. Both leagues exhibited increasing trends in shooting efficiency, with the NBA displaying a steeper upward trend in efficiency in recent seasons and an ongoing trend of offensive strategies focusing on three-point shooting. The findings suggest distinct strategic approaches to offensive basketball, potentially influenced by court dimensions, defensive schemes, and tactical philosophies. This research provides valuable insights for coaches, analysts, and basketball organizations in understanding the evolving nature of professional basketball across different continental contexts.
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Almalki, Daee, Maha A. Badawi, Tarek Elgemmezi, et al. "Blood Donor Characteristics at a Hospital Blood Bank in Saudi Arabia: A Trend-analysis." Journal of Applied Hematology 15, no. 3 (2024): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/joah.joah_74_24.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Identification of blood donor profiles helps with recruitment and retention strategies. OBJECTIVES: To describe donor characteristics at a hospital blood bank and to describe any changes in donor characteristics throughout the study period. METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the blood bank records from 2005 to 2022. Characteristics of donors (age 18 or above) were collected. Percentages of donors according to various characteristics were described in 3-year intervals and compared using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: Over the study period, 226,576 blood donations were identified. Most donors were men, and half were non-Saudi nationals. Approximately two-thirds of the blood donors (145,794, 64.3%) were between 25 and 44 years old, and (59,650, 26.3%) were between 18 and 24 years old. When donors were compared across time intervals according to the age group, the percentage of donors 18–24 years old decreased over time from 31.4% in the interval 2005–2007 to 23.5% in the 2020–2022 interval. Significant changes were seen in the percentages of repeat donors as well. CONCLUSIONS: Donation trends showed significant changes related to donor age, gender, and nationality as well as donor type (new or repeat donor), the most notable being that donations by younger adults have decreased. Marketing plans must be implemented to target and retain this donor population. Further research is required for the detailed characterization of donors across the country to ensure the sustainability of the blood supply.
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Yu, Dihan. "Future Trends of Population Aging." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 9 (2024): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/tnd5z187.
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Population aging is an important issue related to social development, and promoting balanced population development is an important part of global population work. Population aging is an inevitable trend of social development and an important embodiment of human social progress. We must face up to the problem of population aging and take active action. This paper mainly analyzes the percentage distribution of the population of each age group in China, the United States and India. The population percentages of different age groups were calculated using the population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in 2024, which published the total population of each country in different age groups.
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Nichols, David S., Kirsty A. Presser, June Olley, Tom Ross, and Tom A. McMeekin. "Variation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Marks the Normal Physiological Range for Growth in Listeria monocytogenes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 6 (2002): 2809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.6.2809-2813.2002.
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ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was determined by close-interval sampling over the entire biokinetic temperature range. There was a high degree of variation in the percentage of branched-chain fatty acids at any given temperature. The percentage of branched C17 components increased with growth temperature in a linear manner. However, the percentages of iso-C15:0 (i15:0) and anteiso-C15:0 (a15:0) were well described by third-order and second-order polynomial curves, respectively. There were specific temperature regions where the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids deviated significantly from the trend established over the entire growth range. In the region from 12 to 13°C there were significant deviations in the percentages of both i15:0 and a15:0 together with a suggested deviation in a17:0, resulting in a significant change in the total branched-chain fatty acids. In the 31 to 33°C region the percentage of total branched-chain components exhibited a significant deviation. The observed perturbations in fatty acid composition occurred near the estimated boundaries of the normal physiological range for growth.
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Munimathan, Arunkumar, T. Sathish, V. Mohanavel, et al. "Investigation on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Microchannel Using Al2O3/Water Nanofluids." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (September 14, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6680627.
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Nowadays, reducing heat generation in electronic devices while using microchannel cooling is used to solve this problem. Because the trend is globally marching toward the compact size, the component’s dimensions get smaller, but the warmth involved within the component increases. Studies of heat transfer rate are conducted to determine the effect of a fully heated microchannel conductor’s heat transfer performance. Experiments are performed using nanofluid Al2O3/water through a concentration percentage of 0.1% and 0.25% and deionized water through a microchannel conductor with 25 rectangular microchannel numbers with a dimension of ( 0.42 × 0.42 × 100 ) mm3. This present work deals with the effect of nanofluids and their concentration percentages. Finally, it concluded that better heat transfer performance was seen in nanofluids compared to deionized water. The reason is the high viscosity of nanofluid Al2O3/water due to these nanoparticles is deposited on the wall surface of the microchannel and outcomes trendy improvement in the heat transfer. Finally, a high concentration percentage of nanofluids revealed a practical improvement in the transfer of microchannel. As a result, 0.25% of the concentration percentage achieved a satisfactory result compared to the remaining fluids and almost 32.5% and 26% of thermal resistance decrease.
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Chowienczyk, Sarah, Sarah Price, and Willie Hamilton. "Changes in the presenting symptoms of lung cancer from 2000–2017: a serial cross-sectional study of observational records in UK primary care." British Journal of General Practice 70, no. 692 (2020): e193-e199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x708137.
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BackgroundMost patients diagnosed with lung cancer present with symptoms. It is not known if the proportions of patients presenting with each symptom has changed over time. Identifying trends in lung cancer’s presenting symptoms is important for medical education and early-diagnosis initiatives.AimTo identify the first reported symptom of possible lung cancer (index symptom), and to test whether the percentages of patients with each index symptom changed during 2000–2017.Design and settingThis was a serial, cross-sectional, observational study using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) data with cancer registry linkage.MethodThe index symptom was identified for patients with an incident diagnosis of lung cancer in annual cohorts between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2017. Searches were constrained to symptoms in National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) suspected-cancer referral guidelines, and to the year before diagnosis. Generalised linear models (with a binomial function) were used to test if the percentages of patients with each index symptom varied during 2000–2017.ResultsThe percentage of patients with an index symptom of cough (odds ratio [OR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.02 per year; P<0.0001) or dyspnoea (OR 1.05; CI = 1.05 to 1.06 per year; P<0.0001) increased. The percentages of patients with other index symptoms decreased, notably haemoptysis (OR 0.93; CI = 0.92 to 0.95; P<0.0001) and appetite loss (OR 0.94; CI = 0.90 to 0.97; P<0.0001).ConclusionDuring 2000–2017, the proportions of lung cancer patients with an index symptom of cough or dyspnoea increased, while the proportion of those with the index symptom haemoptysis decreased. This trend has implications for medical education and symptom awareness campaigns.
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Isbrandt, Rudi, Nina Langkabel, Marcus G. Doherr, Sebastian Haase, and Diana Meemken. "Innovative e-Learning Training Modules to Improve Animal Welfare during Transport and Slaughter of Pigs: A Pretest–Posttest Study to Pre-Evaluate the General Didactical Concept." Animals 13, no. 23 (2023): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13233593.
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In addition to the information on the possession of a certificate of competence, there are no concrete obligations for repetitive training for personnel handling live animals at transport and slaughter. Deficiencies in the animal-welfare-friendly handling of pigs are known. The developed pilot modules “Handling of pigs” and “Electrical stunning” were tested in a pretest–posttest study in German and Romanian using questions of knowledge before and after the implementation of the modules. In this study, 45 and 46 datasets of participants could be analyzed. The mean percentages of correctly answered questions in the posttest increased by 5.6% in the module “Handling of pigs” and by 10.6% in the module “Electrical stunning”. A significant interaction was found for the language match and trend categories in the module “Handling of pigs”. No Romanian native speaker had a positive trend in this module. For both modules separately, participant education level significantly interacted with the language match and the presence or absence of a certificate of competence. Comparing the percentages of the correct given answers, significant interactions in the subgroups were more common in the module “Electrical stunning”. One question in “Electrical stunning” was correctly answered significantly more often in the posttest. Because of the positive mean trends of knowledge within this pre-evaluation, we assume the didactical concept was suitable for our target groups. Holders of a certificate of competence also gave more correct answers in the post-test. This underlines the importance of repetitive training. Differences in the trends of knowledge gain seem to be topic and experience related.
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Bahrami, Mehdi, Samira Bazrkar, and Abdol Rassoul Zarei. "Modeling, prediction and trend assessment of drought in Iran using standardized precipitation index." Journal of Water and Climate Change 10, no. 1 (2018): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2018.174.
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Abstract Drought as an exigent natural phenomenon, with high frequency in arid and semi-arid regions, leads to enormous damage to agriculture, economy, and environment. In this study, the seasonal Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) drought index and time series models were employed to model and predict seasonal drought using climate data of 38 Iranian synoptic stations during 1967–2014. In order to model and predict seasonal drought ITSM (Interactive Time Series Modeling) statistical software was used. According to the calculated seasonal SPI, within the study area, drought severity classes 4 and 3 had the greatest occurrence frequency, while classes 6 and 7 had the least occurrence frequency. Results indicated that the best fitted models were Moving-Average or MA (5) Innovations and MA (5) Hannan-Rissenen, with 60.53 and 15.79 percentage, respectively. On the other hand, results of the prediction as well, indicated that drought class 4 with the highest percentages, was the most abundant class over the study area and drought class 7 was the least frequent class. According to results of trend analysis, without attention to significance of them, observed seasonal SPI data series (1967–2014), in 84.21% of synoptic stations had a negative trend, but this percentage changes to 86.84% when studying the combination of observed and predicted simultaneously (1967–2019).
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Sowunmi, Akinleye, Vincent E. Efeovbokhan, Oyinkepreye D. Orodu, Oluwasanmi Olabode, and Alma Oputa. "Comparative Study of Biopolymer Flooding: A Core Flooding and Numerical Reservoir Simulator Validation Analysis." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2022 (February 24, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9420899.
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Polymers increase the macroscopic efficiency of the flooding process and increase crude oil recovery. The viscosity of 3 polymers xanthan, guar, and Arabic gums is measured in the lab and experimented with as EOR options. Xanthan and guar gum polymers are measured in weight percentages of 0.1, 0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1, while gum Arabic is measured in 0.4, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, and 15 weight percentages. The viscosity experiments showed that gum Arabic had the lowest viscosity at 15% wt. Xanthan gum and guar gum had significantly higher viscosities than gum Arabic at corresponding weight percentages. At the same weight of 0.5%, xanthan, guar, and Arabic gums recorded a 63%, 53%, and 46% oil recovery, respectively. Due to the limitations surrounding core flooding experiments such as human error, equipment failure, and measurement of oil recoveries, it is necessary to validate the results obtained with other methods such as reservoir simulation. A reservoir model is built (using Eclipse) and incorporated with polymer and viscosity functions measured in the lab to validate results from the core flooding experiments. Peak oil recovery of 9.96%, 9.95%, and 9.90% was recorded for xanthan, guar, and Arabic gum, respectively, at a weight percentage of 0.5% weight. Also, increasing the wt% of injected polymers increases oil recovery. Results also indicate that the trend of oil recoveries during core flooding follows that observed during reservoir simulation and oil production increased as percentage weight increased for all the polymer cases considered.
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Ahmat, Nur Hidayah Che, Wan Rusni Wan Ismail, Rafidah Aida Ramli, Sri Handajani, and Anderson Ngelambong. "Trend-Driven Innovation for RTE Food Market: A Comparison Study Between Consumers from Malaysia and Indonesia." Information Management and Business Review 16, no. 3(I)S (2024): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v16i3(i)s.4027.
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The ready-to-eat (RTE) food market is growing worldwide. Nevertheless, a limited study was found where researchers compare consumer behavioral intention toward RTE foods between countries. This study compares consumers in Malaysia and Indonesia regarding their food preferences and behavioral intentions toward RTE foods. Using a quantitative cross-sectional approach, the researchers developed an online survey and distributed the survey link to consumers aged 18 years and above from both countries via social media platforms. The dataset comprised 321 responses from Malaysia and 262 from Indonesia. Based on the analyses, findings reported some similarities and differences in consumer preferences and behavior intention between both countries. The highest percentages of Malaysian respondents were recorded for plant-based, genetically modified, gluten-free, and allergen-free foods. Interestingly, the highest percentage of Indonesian respondents reported for insect-based food than the Malaysians. More Malaysian consumers preferred ethnic foods from different cultures than Indonesians. About the same highest percentages of consumers from both countries preferred cell-cultured meat, 3D printed foods, and vegan foods. For Malaysian samples, attitude and subjective norms significantly influenced their behavior intention toward RTE foods. For Indonesian samples, subjective norms and behavioral control significantly influence consumer behavior intention toward RTE foods. Findings are relevant for food producers and marketers to explore the young consumer market and to identify new products to fulfill the market demand. This study broadens and deepens the current understanding of both countries' RTE food trends and consumer behavioral patterns. Food producers should promote RTE food products by highlighting their benefits through marketing channels.
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Mittal Mistry, Heer Shah, and Hemangini Vora. "Exploring the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic biomarker in triple-negative breast cancer." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 12, no. 1 (2024): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.12.1.0688.
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Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone Receptor, and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 receptors, limiting treatment options primarily to chemotherapy due to lack of targeted therapies typically used for other breast cancer types, hence necessitating research for improved therapeutic strategies and outcomes. The neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, absolute counts, and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes were evaluated in peripheral blood of 81 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and 25 healthy controls. This study observed trend of high neutrophil percentage was observed in patients with positive lymph node status as compared to negative lymph node status. Significant high absolute neutrophil count was observed in patients with positive LN status, High BR score and presence of metastasis. A trend of high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was observed in patients with presence of perineural invasion, presence of necrosis, and patients with presence of metastasis.
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Plaza, Pablo, Isabel Fuencisla Sáez del Bosque, Javier Sánchez, and César Medina. "Recycled Eco-Concretes Containing Fine and/or Coarse Concrete Aggregates. Mechanical Performance." Applied Sciences 14, no. 10 (2024): 3995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14103995.
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This study analysed the effect of substituting different percentages of natural aggregate with recycled aggregate from concrete crushing, using a coarse fraction as well as a fine fraction. Natural and recycled materials were classified in order to analyse the mechanical performance and impermeability of these eco-concretes in the fresh state as well as in the hardened state. A statistical analysis also determined whether the performance loss was significant from a statistical point of view, finding strength decreases of less than 13% in compressive strength and losses of less than 20% in flexural strength. An increasing trend was found in permeability as the percentage of recycled aggregate in the mix increased.
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Fiola, Joseph A., and Harry J. Swartz. "Inheritance of Tolerance to Verticillium albo-atrum in Raspberry." HortScience 29, no. 9 (1994): 1071–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.9.1071.
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Raspberry cultivars and hybrids were screened for reaction to Verticillium alboatrum Reinke and Berth to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance and to assist in the development of resistant germplasm. Greenhouse-grown seedlings of an incomplete partial diallel of two black, purple, and red raspberry Rubus subgenus Idaeobatus progeny were root-dipped in a mycelial slurry and stem-inoculated with a conidial suspension of V. albo-atrum. Fourteen weeks after the initial inoculation, disease symptoms were observed in the seedlings. Disease symptom severity and percentage of black raspberry parentage in the seedlings were correlated (P ≤ 0.01; r2 = 0.90). A similar significant (P ≤ 0.05; r2 = 0.66) linear trend was found with fungus reisolation percentages, although isolation of the fungus from symptomless plants indicates Verticillium tolerance among genotypes in Idaeobatus. These trends, coupled with large significant general combining ability (P ≤ 0.01), suggest primarily additive inheritance of resistance. However, considering noninoculated control scores, the possibility of escapes, and skewing of populations, one may hypothesize a gene-gene model for symptom expression, with partial dominance of resistance alleles.
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Sentian, J., M. S. Nur Sayzni, and C. Payus. "Assessing short term air quality trend in Malaysia based on air pollution index (APi)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1103, no. 1 (2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1103/1/012002.
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Air Pollution Index (API) is used in Malaysia to determine the daily air quality status, which is calculated based on the daily concentrations of particulate matter (PM10), ground-level ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This study presents short-term air quality trends based on API from the 52 air quality monitoring stations nationwide between 2010 and 2016. The air quality data and meteorological conditions were obtained from the Department of Environment and used for the API calculation. The API value is classified into six categories, namely: Good (0-50), Moderate (51-100), Unhealthy (101-200), Very Unhealthy (201-300), Hazardous (301-500), and Emergency (above 500). The coefficient of variation (CV) and Mann-Kendall trend test (MK) were used to assess the API variation and trend in each air quality monitoring station. Between the study periods, the API values were largely varied. Observation at 32 air quality monitoring stations have shown significant but small increasing trends, while 12 stations showed significant decreasing trends, and the remaining 8 stations showed no significant trends. The frequency of exceedance (API>50) was used to assess the percentages of unhealthy days. The analysis has found that air quality in Klang Valley was experiencing the highest number of unhealthy days, while the two Malaysian states in Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak) to be relatively less polluted.
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Van De Wiel, H. J., E. Lebret, W. K. Van Der Lingen, H. C. Eerens, L. H. Vaas, and M. J. Leupen. "Assessing Future Trends in Indoor Air Quality." Toxicology and Industrial Health 6, no. 5 (1990): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379000600508.
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Several national and international health organizations have derived concentration levels below which adverse effects on men are not expected or levels below which the excess risk for individuals is less than a specified value. For every priority pollutant indoor concentrations below this limit are considered “healthy.” The percentage of Dutch homes exceeding such a limit is taken as a measure of indoor air quality for that component. The present and future indoor air quality of the Dutch housing stock is described for fourteen air pollutants. The highest percentages are scored by radon, environmental tobacco smoke, nitrogen dioxide from unvented combustion, and the potential presence of housedust mite and mould allergen in damp houses. Although the trend for all priority pollutants is downward the most serious ones remain high in the coming decades if no additional measures will be instituted.
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Yang, Hung-Yu, Jen-Hung Huang, Chien-Yeh Hsu, and Yi-Jen Chen. "Gender Differences and the Trend in the Acute Myocardial Infarction: A 10-Year Nationwide Population-Based Analysis." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/184075.
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It is not clear whether gender is associated with different hospitalization cost and lengths for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We identified patients hospitalized for primary diagnosis of AMI with (STEMI) or without (NSTEMI) ST elevation from 1999 to 2008 through a national database containing 1,000,000 subjects. As compared to that in 1999~2000, total (0.35‰ versus 0.06‰,P<0.001) and male (0.59‰ versus 0.07‰,P<0.001) STEMI hospitalization percentages were decreased in 2007~2008, but female STEMI hospitalization percentages were not different from 1999 to 2008. However, NSTEMI hospitalization percentages were similar over the 10-year period. The hospitalization age for AMI, STEMI, and NSTEMI was increased over the 10-year period by 14, 9, and 7 years in male, and by 18, 18, and 21 years in female. The female and male hospitalization cost and lengths were similar in the period. As compared to nonmedical center, the hospitalization cost for STEMI in medical center was higher in male patients, but not in female patients, and the hospitalization cost for NSTEMI was higher in both male and female gender. We found significant differences between male and female, medical center and non-medical center, or STEMI and NSTEMI on medical care over the 10-year period.
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Harris, David E., AbouEl-Makarim Aboueissa, Nancy Baugh, Cheryl Sarton, and Erika Lichter. "11-Year Trends in Pregnancy-Related Health Indicators in Maine, 2000–2010." Journal of Pregnancy 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/780626.
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The objective of this study is to understand health and demographic trends among mothers and infants in Maine relative to the goals ofHealthy People 2020.Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS) data from Maine for 2000–2010 were used to determine yearly values of pregnancy-related variables. Means (for continuous variables) and percentages (for categorical variables) were calculated using the survey procedures in SAS. Linear trend analysis was applied with study year as the independent variable. The slope and significance of the trend were then calculated. Over the study period, new mothers in Maine became better educated but the fraction of households with incomes <$20,000/year remained stagnant. Maternal prepregnancy BMI increased. Average pregnancy weight gain decreased but the number of women whose pregnancy weight gain was within the recommended range was unchanged. The rates of smoking and alcohol consumption (before and during pregnancy) increased. The Caesarean section rate rose and the fraction of infants born premature (<37 wks gestation) or underweight (<2500 gms) remained unchanged. The fraction of infants who were breast-fed increased. These results suggest that, despite some positive trends, Maine faces significant challenges in meetingHealthy People 2020goals.
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Tayyab, Saad, Arshad Hussain, Fazal Haq, and Afaq Khattak. "Performance Evaluation of Fatigue and Fracture Resistance of WMA Containing High Percentages of RAP." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 9 (2021): 1529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091741.
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Sustainability and durability are the key requirements of pavement structure. Sustainability of asphalt pavement structure involves utilization of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies with the addition of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), where durability of asphalt involves performance parameters like fatigue and fracture resistance properties etc. Utilizing the RAP content in asphalt mix increases the mixing and compaction temperature which may degrade the performance of asphalt. Hence, numerous studies have recommended different WMA technologies to decrease mixing and compaction temperature of asphalt mix containing RAP. The present research work evaluates the fatigue and fracture performance of WMA and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) with varying percentages of RAP and Sasobit. Different mixes of WMA and HMA were designed with varying percentages of RAP (0, 20, 40 and 60%) through Marshall Mix design. Sasobit (organic/wax-based additive) was used as WMA technology to prepare WMA at varying percentages (0, 2, 4 and 6%). The fatigue behavior of asphalt was evaluated using four-point bending test, where fracture resistance of asphalt was determined using Semi Circular Bending (SCB) test in the laboratory. Fatigue and fracture resistance of WMA were improved with the increase in percentages of Sasobit and RAP content, while the addition of RAP in HMA showed a decreasing trend of fatigue and fracture resistance due to the stiffer nature of RAP. Furthermore, WMA was identified as economical for construction besides other benefits like improved properties and environment friendly asphalt mix. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091741 Full Text: PDF
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Jakše, Boštjan, Zlatko Fras, and Uroš Godnov. "Body Composition Trend in Slovene Adults: A Two-Year Follow-Up." Nutrients 16, no. 23 (2024): 4123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16234123.
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This research re-evaluates the prevalence of obesity in a cohort of 432 Slovenian adults two years after an initial population-based cross-sectional examination, utilizing the World Health Organization’s body mass index (BMI) and total body fat percentage (FAT%) classifications. Herein, a medically approved electrical bioimpedance monitor was used to analyse body composition, and the results revealed a significant increase in the percentage of individuals classified as having overweight or obesity on the basis of BMI, from 40.7% initially to 45.2% at follow-up (FU); however, these percentages were notably higher in males than in females. The increases in body mass, BMI, fat mass, and FAT% were observed mainly in adult females, whereas in adult males, the increases in BM and BMI were attributed to fat-free mass (FFM) rather than fat mass. In this study, BMI was also compared with the FAT% obesity classification, and the BMI classification was shown to result in significantly fewer participants with obesity in both measures. However, the proportion of participants with obesity based on the two classifications did not differ substantially between the initial and FU measurements. In this study, mixed linear models were used to analyse overall trends and subgroup variations and highlight the importance of considering sex, age, and time of measurement when assessing body composition metrics. These findings emphasize the need for personalized health assessments and the importance of measuring body composition to evaluate adult obesity more accurately for both clinical assessments and public health policies. The state, in collaboration with social initiatives and industrial stakeholders, should prioritize these data and advance public health through innovative educational and awareness initiatives that are founded on robust scientific principles and that empower and promote the adoption of a healthy, active lifestyle.
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Nabilah, Rosa Safirotun, and Jumadi Jumadi. "Study of Content Analysis : Trends of Educational Research for Physics Courses in Indonesia." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 8, no. 1 (2022): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v8i1.1293.
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Physics educational research trends are always changing from time to time. This change follows the phenomenon of educational problems that are developing in the field. The current study is a content analysis of research to analyze the trends of physics educational research that was published between the years of 2018 and 2021, visualize physics educational research trends and how Indonesian researchers contribute to physics educational research. This research was reached through the Journal of Research in Science Education (JPPIPA). Data obtained is 48 data and taken with "physics education" as the keyword. It is aimed to guide the researchers who are planning to conduct studies in this particular field by specifying physics education in terms of their methods, subject areas, research titles, data analysis techniques, and sampling types. Based on the results of the research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the trend of educational research has increased and is in great demand by researchers in 2021. The physics material that is the research trend is wave material. The subject variable that is often studied is research in the cognitive domain. The trend of physics education research tends to be research that uses quantitative research methods with quasi-experimental design and uses data collection instruments in the form of test instruments. The type of sampling used is school students both junior and senior high school. The trend of physics education research also tends to quantitative descriptive research with data analysis techniques using frequencies, percentages, and charts. Number author or authors are becoming a trend in physics education research as much as three and the number of research references are often used as reference only 1-30. The results of this analytical research can be used to guide and provide references for research that will be carried out by further researchers, especially in the field of physics education research
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Mr., Abhijit Pandharinath Mahale. "How HSC Qualifying Exam Scores Influence on Students' Higher Educational Performance?" International Journal of Advance Study and Research Work 3, no. 5 (2020): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3830429.
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<strong><em>The main intention of the research paper is to find out the relation of students’ performance at degree level higher education examinations with HSC Board or equivalent exam qualifying marks for admissions. The study has taken a sample of first 10 merit admission scores of each continuous 5 years’ batches from a college. Their performance at various semesters and final degree exams has been considered for analysis with HSC admission scores. The statistical measure of correlation and trend percentages of 3 years of each batch has been used for evaluation. The HSC admission scores have been considered to be the independent variable and the base year. Except for the last single batch, the degree exam performances of all other first four batches show a strong correlation with HSC admission scores, and also there are commensurate trend percentage attainments at degree exams though numerically not equal. In other words, the paper has been able to prove that the students’ performance at degree level examinations is consistent with their HSC admission scores and concludes that the high scoring students are more sincere and particular in the study and they maintain consistency in performance even after higher secondary school education. The researcher has used his own college student admission data, results, and university exam results for sample analysis.</em></strong>
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Bălănică Dragomir, Carmelia Mariana, Cornelia Marin, and Cristina Garlea. "Green Taxes and their Impact on Romanian’s Economy compared to Investments for Air and Climate Protection." Athens Journal of Sciences 12, no. 1 (2025): 33–48. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajs.12-1-2.
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Climate changes are more and more evident and their effect is increasingly extensive, and in the current context the environmental taxes may become a key factor in ensuring the sustainable development for the entire society. This article presents a medium-term analysis of the main categories of environmental taxes, their evolution compared to the investments for air and climate protection, as a percentage of GDP, made in Romania. Four main categories of environmental taxes: energy taxes (including transport fuels); transport taxes (excluding transport fuels); pollution taxes and resource taxes are collected in Romania, yearly. The data used in this study provides from the National Institute of Statistics. During 2006-2020, in Romania the highest percentage is represented by energy taxes 88%, in second place are taxes for transports 10% and in the third and fourth places with insignificant percentages (about 1%) are the taxes for resources and for pollution. From the four categories of environmental taxes, it can be seen that resource taxes have a decreasing trend from 51.6 million euros in 2006 to 3.84 million euros in 2020, while energy taxes, transport taxes and pollution taxes have an increasing trend. Keywords: climate changes, environmental taxes, sustainable development, air and climate protection
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Lestari, Ocha Dwi, Rahmahtrisilvia Rahmahtrisilvia, Mega Iswari, Gaby Arnez, and Endang Sri Handayani. "Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Warna Melalui Permainan Finger Painting pada Anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) (Single Subject Research Kelas I di SLB YPPLB Padang)." Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal 6, no. 3 (2025): 3770–79. https://doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v6i3.3211.
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This study aims to improve the color recognition ability for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the first grade at SLB YPPLB Padang using finger painting games. This research employs a quantitative research type with an experimental approach in the form of Single Subject Research (SSR) with an A-B design. The data analysis technique in this study is visual data analysis by presenting data graphs. The results of the data analysis obtained at the baseline condition (A1) show a horizontal trend for the subjects with a level of horizontal change (+0). The stability trend at the initial condition is stable with a percentage of 100% occurring three times in meetings: 25%, 25%, 25%. At the baseline condition (A), it can be seen that the direction of data change is stable with no changes before the intervention was carried out. Observations during the intervention condition (B) showed a level of change (+56.25), indicating an improvement in color recognition ability with percentages from 8 meetings being 43.75%, 68.75%, 75%, 87.5%, 87.5%, 100%, 100%, and 100%. The data direction shows a very significant increase and an overlap percentage of 0%. This illustrates a clearer development in the students' abilities, suggesting that the intervention provided has a positive impact on the variable.
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Li, Chongyan, and Fuzhong Wang. "Forecasting of natural gas consumption in China’s logistics industry based on semi-hierarchical control." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0325788. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325788.
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This paper proposes a research framework based on semi-hierarchical control, analyzes the mechanism of gas instead of oil in China’s logistics industry, and uses several forecasting methods to forecast. The research findings include that: (1) the driving mechanism of substitution of natural gas for gasoline and diesel indicates that natural gas is encouraged by China’s policies and the cost of use is lower, China’s logistics industry will reduce its dependence on gasoline and diesel. (2) By using grey forecasting method, regression trend method and Bass model to forecast natural gas consumption in logistics industry, they show that the forecasting results under different circumstances are helpful for China’s government departments to estimate the consumption trend of natural gas in logistics industry according to different market environments. (3) Based on the reverse feedback mechanism of semi -hierarchical control, combined forecasting methods are established, the hard problem that the combined forecasting coefficients are also solved. Combined forecasting methods are useful complements to meet the forecasting demands of logistics industry’s natural gas consumption, and further improve the forecasting accuracy. (4) According to mean relative error, the error percentages of grey forecasting, regression trend method and Bass model are respectively in 5.373%, 2.9%, and 5.94%, the error percentages of combined forecasting methods are within 2.9%−3.1%, the combined forecasting methods have better forecasting stability.
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McPherson, R. M., H. R. Pappu, and D. C. Jones. "Occurrence of Five Thrips Species on Flue-Cured Tobacco and Impact on Spotted Wilt Disease Incidence in Georgia." Plant Disease 83, no. 8 (1999): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.8.765.
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Thrips-vectored tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) infection is a major constraint on tobacco production in Georgia. Flue-cured tobacco fields were surveyed throughout the season from 1989 to 1991 and 1996 to 1998 to determine spotted wilt disease incidence and seasonal abundance and species composition of thrips populations. Five species were commonly found that accounted for more than 95% of the 17,000 thrips collected, including Frankliniella fusca, F. occidentalis, F. bispinosa, F. tritici, and Limothrips cerealium. F. fusca, F. occidentalis, and F. bispinosa are vectors of TSWV. F. fusca was the most common foliage thrips collected during all years, except 1989, when L. cerealium was the most abundant species. During 1989 to 1991, 22 to 68% of the foliage and flower thrips identified were TSWV vector species. The 1996 to 1998 foliage collections had much higher percentages of vector species (95 to 97%). The 1996 flower samples also had a very high percentage of vector species (94%); however, the percentages were much lower in 1997 (3%) and 1998 (32%). A trend toward higher incidence of TSWV occurred during the last three seasons studied, when thrips vector species were more abundant.
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Sudhanshu, Kumar, and Bharat Nagar Dr. "Effects of Waste Glass Powder on Compressive Strength of Concrete." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 1, no. 4 (2017): 289–98. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd136.
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In this research an attempt is made to study the effect of waste glass power in Concrete using waste glass, which is non biodegradable and not suitable to landfill. This study is carried out to use such waste materials into construction industries so that our environment is free to one of the major pollutant produced by the manufacturing industries. The main aim of this study is to utilization of waste glass power as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. In this study the aim is to determine the percentage of glass replacement, resulting in optimal compressive strength.Concrete nominal mix of M20 with different percentages of Glass power has been evaluated as per IS 2386 part IV and IS 383. Waste glass powder was replace with fine aggregate in various percentages such as 5 ,10 ,15 ,20 ,25 ,30 ,35 ,40 ,45 , and 50 . Reference concrete mix is also made for comparative reasons. Sudhanshu Kumar | Dr. Bharat Nagar "Effects of Waste Glass Powder on Compressive Strength of Concrete" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd136.pdf
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Maryam, Madiha, Rizwan-ur Rehman, and Rana Saba Sultan. "A Comparative Study on Percentage of Women (Age 15–49) Attending at Least One Antenatal Care by Skilled Health Personnel in SAARC Countries (2015-2030)." Nurture 16, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v16i1.97.
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Background: Antenatal care (ANC) plays an important role in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in South Asia. There is an unacceptably high burden of neonatal mortality and stillbirths in the SAARC region. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to estimate the percentage of at least one ANC visit from 2015 to 2030 from previously available data and to compare the progress among SAARC nations. Methodology: This is a secondary analysis study. Data indicating percentages of women attending at least one ANC by skilled health personnel in SAARC countries Maternal and newborn health coverage dataset-May 2021 by United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was used. Regression Coefficient was used first to check the strength of the relationship for prediction at a 5 % significance level. Then, the percentages of ANC visits were predicted. To compare the percentages among countries, non-Parametric correlation Kendall’s tau was used. Findings: Results indicate that SAARC countries are struggling to reach at least one ANC visit. Comparison among these countries has shown no significant trend and it is concluded that there is no significant difference among SAARC countries' women ANC visits from 2015 to 2030 at a 5% significance level for all years. Practical Implications: The estimations of this research would help to develop innovative strategies for uplifting maternal health among SAARC countries to reach Sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Narzary, Slerin. "ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND DISTRIBUTION UNDER BONGAIGAON SUB-DIVISION- II APDCL (ASSAM), INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 11 (2022): 514–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15696.
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Assam Power Distribution Company Limited (APDCL) is the only public company which is responsible for power distribution in Assam. This article analysis demand and supply gap of electricity of Assam and percentages changes of shortages, demand and availability of energy and also study the rural area of Bongaigaon`s connected load mix, using R-square, trend analysis.
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Carletti, Claudia, Federica Concina, Paola Pani, et al. "Age-Related Trends in the Diet of An Infant’s Cohort in the Northeast of Italy from Six to Twelve Months of Age." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (2019): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020230.
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Complementary feeding is recognized as an important predictor of health later in life and is likely to affect the development of food preferences. This paper describes age-related trends in terms of energy, nutrients intake and dietary habits of an Italian infant sub cohort (n = 152), enrolled in Trieste. Infant dietary data, collected using a food diary at 6, 9 and 12 months of age, were used to estimate energy and nutrients intake using the Italian food composition database. Age-related trends were calculated using Page’s trend test. An increasing age-trend was observed in the percentages of contribution of macronutrients to total energy intake, with the exception of total lipids, which instead decreased over time. Most of the infants shared a low varied diet especially with regards to protein intake sources, represented mainly by dairy and meat products rather than pulses and fish. This could also account for the low intake of essential fatty acids (ω3) that play an important role in infant neurodevelopment. Moreover, non-commercial baby foods contributed more in terms of quantity, energy and macronutrients intake, compared with commercial products. Healthy eating habits should be encouraged during the first year of life, promoting a varied and well balanced diet at family level.
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A, Keerthana, and Archana Nair. "Trend Analysis of Hydro-Climatological Factors Using a Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm with Reasoning from Dynamic and Static Variables." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (2022): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13121961.
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This study examines the variations in groundwater levels from the perspectives of the dynamic layers soil moisture (SM), normalized difference vegetation index (VI), temperature (TE), and rainfall (RA), along with static layers lithology and geomorphology. Using a Bayesian Ensemble Algorithm, the trend changes are examined at 385 sites in Kerala for the years 1996 to 2016 and for the months January, April, August, and November. An inference in terms of area under the probability curve for positive, zero, and negative trend was used to deduce the changes. Positive or negative changes were noticed at 19, 32, 26, and 18 locations, in that order. These well sites will be the subject of additional dynamic and static layer investigation. According to the study, additional similar trends were seen in SM during January and April, in TE during August, and in TE and VI during November. According to the monthly order, the matching percentages were 63.2%, 59.4%, 76.9%, and 66.7%. An innovative index named SMVITERA that uses dynamic layers has been created using the aforementioned variables. The average proportion of groundwater levels that follow index trends is greater. The findings of the study can assist agronomists, hydrologists, environmentalists, and industrialists in decision making for groundwater resources.
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Lu, Xinhua. "Prediction of Scrabble game players based on ARIMA and Machine Learning under big data." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 60 (July 25, 2023): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v60i.10363.
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Wordle is a favored puzzle. Firstly, to predict its daily player count, based on analyzing the inherent trend of the data and verifying its stationarity, the effectiveness of using the ????????????????????((2,3,5),2,(2,3,5)) model to predict the number of reported results is proved. Before predicting, this thesis preprocesses the data from two parts: Number of reported results and Number in hard mode. Then, the 95% prediction interval for March 1, 2023, is [8626 16199]. Secondly, to predict the distribution of reported results percentages, this thesis uses 7 random forest regressors, their feature variables have 5 dimensions (Contest number, Frequency of word, Number of repeated types, Number of letter types, Maximum number of repetitions), and the response variable takes one of the percentages (7 dimensions) in turn. Results show that the distribution of reported results percentages of “SALSA” on March 1,2023 is [0, 2, 15, 35, 31, 15, 2].
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Ireri, Linus Mugendi. "The Trend and the Pattern of Seasonal Rainfall in the Period (1993-2018) in Embu East Sub County, Kenya." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 2, no. 2 (2020): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.2.2.165.
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Kenya, like many countries in the world, is vulnerable to climate variability and change. The livelihood of the people in Embu East Sub-county is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture so climatic threats affect food and animal production. Climate variability has negatively affected mixed crop-livestock production. The objective of this study was: to establish the trend in seasonal rainfall in the period (1993-2018). The study used a descriptive survey research design guided by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) theory. A sample of 364 subjects was composed of 362 heads of farming families and 2 Agricultural Field Officers. Data was obtained through the study of rainfall records in Embu Meteorological Stations, administration of household questionnaires, and interview schedule. The Methods of data analysis and presentation included time-series line graphs to show the trend, frequency tables, and percentages. The coefficient of variation was used to check the homogeneity of March-April-MAY and October-November-December seasons. A paired sample was used to test the hypothesis. The findings established that the rainfall trend was irregular between the years 1993-2018. The onset and the cessation of the MAM and OND varied significantly even though the MAM rainfall was on the upward trend and that of the OND was on the downward trend. The study recommends the following strategies the need to establish more rainfall stations in the study area. Policymakers should build the capacity of the farmers on how to exploit MAM fully and OND seasons and design a more efficient and interactive approach among the climate scientist-decision makers and the farmers to ensure effective communication on rainfall trends and pattern.