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Delaney, Enda Gerard. "Irish migration to Britain, 1921-71 : patterns, trends and contingent factors." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252313.
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Grewe, Susanne. "Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating disorders in Sydney, Australia: clinical patterns and prevalence by ethnicity, migration, and temporal trends." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25699.
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This research forms part of a larger epidemiological study, known as the Migrant Investigations of DeterminAnts of multiple Sclerosis (MIDAS) study, which was undertaken by The George Institute for Global Health in Sydney and Department of Public Health of the University of Sydney, Australia. It is an epidemiological study about the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in people living in the Greater Region of Sydney, with a focus on assessing the risk of this demyelinating disorder, which is thought to be influenced by ethnicity, area of residence during childhood, migration and other risk factors.
The prevalence of several demyelinating diseases is described, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS). Characteristics of MS, NMO and OSMS are described separately, covering average ages at onset and diagnosis, and time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis. The study also aimed to shed light on the burden of disease of these disorders; by grading the degree of disability among patients, according to the modified Rankin scale (mRS).
The influence of ethnicity and migration in immigrants to Australia and Australian-born individuals is discussed taking account of changes in prevalence of MS in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in comparison to a previous epidemiological study undertaken in 1996.
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Muthersbaugh, Michael S. "Seasonal activity patterns of bats in the Central Appalachians." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93761.
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Two threats to bats are especially pervasive in the central Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States: a fungal disease called White-nose Syndrome (WNS) and wind energy development. White-nose Syndrome has caused the death of millions of bats in North America, and multiple hibernating bat species are affected in the central Appalachians. Wind energy is one of the most rapidly-growing energy sources in eastern United States, and bats are often killed when they fly near wind turbines. Fatality rates at wind turbines is highest in bat species that migrate instead of hibernate. There is limited data on bats during the autumn and spring seasons in the central Appalachian Mountains, and the impacts of WNS and wind energy development may be exacerbated during these seasons. Therefore, I sought to determine patterns and drivers of activity for hibernating bat species during autumn and spring around hibernacula. Similarly, I set out to determine patterns and drivers of activity for migratory bat species during autumn and spring along mountain ridgelines in the central Appalachians. Lastly, I searched for evidence of potential WNS-induced changes in the summer ecology of the once common northern long eared bat. This study can help elucidate patterns of bat activity during largely understudied seasons. Furthermore, it can provide useful information needed by land managers to implement actions that could help alleviate and/or avoid potential additive negative impacts on bat species with existing conservation concerns.<br>MS
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Knoops, Femke, Fethiye Erbil, and Mustafa Ertürk. "Teaching patterns and trends." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6584/.
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1. Outline
2. Definition
3. Why is it important (or not) to teach about patterns and trends? What are the strengths and weaknesses of teaching patterns and trends?
4. How were patterns and trends offered in the original assignments?
5. What did the student teacher change in practice? How did it go?
6. Suggestions for improving patterns and trends
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Unsal, Duygu. "Migration Trends And Policies In Post-soviet Russia." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610056/index.pdf.
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This thesis seeks to examine the internal and external migration trends in the Russian Federation. The thesis also examines the internal migration trends in the Soviet Union as well as Soviet emigration and migration policies. The thesis focuses mainly on the migration policy of the Russian Federation. The main argument of the thesis is that although ethnic dynamics, armed conflicts and nationalist clashes play important roles in Russia&rsquo<br>s migration trends, the main force of Russia&rsquo<br>s internal and external migration trends are economic.
The thesis has four main chapters. After the introduction the first chapter examines migration in the Soviet Union. The second chapter explores migration policy of Russia. The third chapter deals with internal migration in the Russian Federation. The last main chapter discusses external migration in the Russian Federation.
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Chee, Wing-yan David, and 遲榮仁. "Road accidents: identification of patterns and trends." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951879.
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Chee, Wing-yan David. "Road accidents : identification of patterns and trends /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21128819.
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Zhang, Chenyao. "Trends in the Desire to Stop or Delay: Historical Trends and Regional Patterns." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574702958051788.
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YERRAMILLI, CHINMAYA R. "ANALYSIS OF TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN METAL EVOLUTION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109186023.
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Ivanova, Tatiana V. "Immigration policy in the U.S. and trends in international migration." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
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Thesis (M.P.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2944. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wu, Juanyu Nancy, and 吴隽雨. "Industry decentralization in Hong Kong : some trends and patterns." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/199860.
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The Hong Kong government has dedicated considerable resources to study and test the viability of office decentralization within the city since the 1980s, with objectives to achieve more sustainable industry spatial patterns and to relieve the Central Business District (CBD)from pressures created by high density of establishments and employment. Policies encouraging firm relocation from CBD areas to other office nodes have been implemented, and it was believed that the construction of new railway lines would facilitate such decentralization policies. In addition, a review of literature suggests that decentralization seems to be an inevitable trend in the evolution of a city. In particular, it was proposed by Smith & Selwood (1983) that decentralization could be industry-selective.
With this background, this research aims to examine whether industries in Hong Kong have actually exhibited decentralizing spatial patterns from the period 1995 to 2010and to compare trend of changes in spatial patterns among different industries. Four industries were selected as the target of study, which are (1) finance and insurance, (2) professionals services, (3) real estate, and (4) import/export, wholesale and retail trades. Their employment and establishment data at Tertiary Planning Unit (TPU) level were obtained from the Census and Statistics Department and processed.
Through the use of spatial tools, it was found that the real estate industry experienced most rapid trends of decentralization, both in establishment and employment. The other industries were less obviously decentralized; for the finance and insurance industry and the import/export, wholesale and retail industry, there even appeared indicators of stronger concentration in the study period. These findings provide strong support for future relocation policies to be industry-oriented. Another important finding is that for all industries in all study years, employment distribution tends to be more centralized than establishment distribution, which suggests that decentralizing people may be harder to achieve than decentralizing offices. It is thus envisaged that in the future, government policies regarding traffic management need to complement decentralization policies in order to alleviate transportation pressure in Hong Kong’s CBD area.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Transport Policy and Planning<br>Master<br>Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning
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Taylor, Mark. "Reading for pleasure in Britain : trends, patterns, and associations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89e023c0-3309-4706-92fc-a7e1acdd5aba.
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This thesis investigates reading for pleasure in Britain from a variety of perspectives, in the context of popular concerns surrounding levels of readership, particularly among young people, and consists of four substantive chapters. The first chapter reports how book sales and library circulation have changed, and what predicts readership in the Taking Part survey. I show that claims surrounding changes in reading in Britain may be overstated, although the number of issues from British libraries has fallen, and that while the predictors of readership are largely as expected, there are some important results surrounding social status, and ethnic differences in children. The second chapter investigates changes in young people’s reading behaviour, using the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England. I show that changes in young people’s reading cannot be explained through a displacement effects account, and that socioeconomic differences in readership do not increase as panel members get older. In the third chapter, I investigate whether the relationship between reading for pleasure and educational attainment can be explained through cultural capital, and extend this with occupational attainment, using the 1970 British Cohort Study. I show a relationship between reading for pleasure and occupational attainment net of education, and I show that this relationship seems to have a cultural dimension beyond a cognitive effect account. In the fourth chapter, I show that the relationship between leisure in adoles- cence and educational and occupational attainment is not driven purely by highbrow activities, as on a certain understanding of Bourdieu: in particular, I show a relationship between occupational attainment and middlebrow activities.
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ANDERSON, ERIC. "HANDFUL OF ARIZONAS. ARIZONA'S IMBALANCED TRENDS: SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED MUNICIPALITIES IN ARIZONA: DEMOGRAPHIC AND MIGRATION TRENDS." The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555300.
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Menon, Ramdas. "Migration patterns and migrant adjustment in peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72101.
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An analysis of migration patterns and migrant adjustment in peninsular Malaysia is presented, based on data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey. The analysis revealed that urban/rural residence, ethnicity, motivations underlying migration, and manner of securing employment are important determinants of the duration of the job search and of post-migration income. It was further noted that transferees form a distinct stream of migration. They differ from other migrants in age, education, employment, and post-migration income. In discussing the significance of these findings, attention is drawn to the impact of government policies on types of migration streams, and to the size of the public (or formal) sector as a determinant of work-related migration, or transfers.
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Simsek, Yilmaz. "Impact of Terrorism on Migration Patterns in Turkey." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/652.
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This study is among the first studies that evaluate the social impacts of terrorism in a specific country for a 10 year period. It tests the effects of terrorism on domestic net-migration in Turkey, especially in the terror infected provinces of the Eastern and South Eastern regions of the country between the years 1992 and 2001. Terrorism has impacted people not only physically, but also psychologically. When faced with "future uncertainty" or the "fear of terrorism," it is natural for people to leave their home towns, and to migrate to somewhere else where they feel safe. In order to explore the real impact of terrorism on immigration, this study used "terrorism incident rate" per 10,000 people and the "rate of people and security forces killed" per 10,000 people as independent variables. It also examined the major economic effects of migration; unemployment rate and the GDP were used as control variables. In addition, the rate of killed terrorists, population density, and the distance to Istanbul and to Mersin were also added to the models. A control-series regression analysis was performed to relate the terrorist incidents' impact on the citizens' inclinations to leave their home towns in all provinces and in high terrorism incident provinces of East and Southeast regions of Turkey. Results show that the net-migration in high terrorism incident provinces is higher than the net-migration in other provinces. Findings also confirm that there was a positive relationship between net-migration and terrorist incidents and that relationship was higher during 1992-1995, when the number of terrorist incidents hit its all time highest level. Other than terrorist incidents, results moreover confirm that net-migration is positively related to the number of "people and security forces killed".In addition, results also confirm that population density and distance were related to net-migration. Economic variables, such as GDP and unemployment also related to net migration. However, their impacts varied from model to model. While the GDP was negatively related to net-migration in the models with all the provinces; unemployment was positively related to net-migration in the models with only high terrorism incident provinces.
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Petrow, Theresia. "Floods in Germany : analyses of trends, seasonality and circulation patterns." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3739/.
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Flood hazard estimations are conducted with a variety of methods. These include flood frequency analysis (FFA), hydrologic and hydraulic modelling, probable maximum discharges as well as climate scenarios. However, most of these methods assume stationarity of the used time series, i.e., the series must not exhibit trends. Against the background of climate change and proven significant trends in atmospheric circulation patterns, it is questionable whether these changes are also reflected in the discharge data.
The aim of this PhD thesis is therefore to clarify, in a spatially-explicit manner, whether the available discharge data derived from selected German catchments exhibit trends. Concerning the flood hazard, the suitability of the currently used stationary FFA approaches is evaluated for the discharge data. Moreover, dynamics in atmospheric circulation patterns are studied and the link between trends in these patterns and discharges is investigated. To tackle this research topic, a number of different analyses are conducted. The first part of the PhD thesis comprises the study and trend test of 145 discharge series from catchments, which cover most of Germany for the period 1951–2002. The seasonality and trend pattern of eight flood indicators, such as maximum series and peak-over-threshold series, are analyzed in a spatially-explicit manner. Analyses are performed on different spatial scales: at the local scale, through gauge-specific analyses, and on the catchment-wide and basin scales. Besides the analysis of discharge series, data on atmospheric circulation patterns (CP) are an important source of information, upon which conclusions about the flood hazard can be drawn. The analyses of these circulation patterns (after Hess und Brezowsky) and the study of the link to peak discharges form the second part of the thesis. For this, daily data on the dominant CP across Europe are studied; these are represented by different indicators, which are tested for trend. Moreover, analyses are performed to extract flood triggering circulation patterns and to estimate the flood potential of CPs. Correlations between discharge series and CP indicators are calculated to assess a possible link between them. For this research topic, data from 122 meso-scale catchments in the period 1951–2002 are used. In a third part, the Mulde catchment, a mesoscale sub-catchment of the Elbe basin, is studied in more detail. Fifteen discharge series of different lengths in the period 1910–2002 are available for the seasonally differentiated analysis of the flood potential of CPs and flood influencing landscape parameters. For trend tests of discharge and CP data, different methods are used. The Mann-Kendall test is applied with a significance level of 10%, ensuring statistically sound results. Besides the test of the entire series for trend, multiple time-varying trend tests are performed with the help of a resampling approach in order to better differentiate short-term fluctuations from long-lasting trends. Calculations of the field significance complement the flood hazard assessment for the studied regions.
The present thesis shows that the flood hazard is indeed significantly increasing for selected regions in Germany during the winter season. Especially affected are the middle mountain ranges in Central Germany. This increase of the flood hazard is attributed to a longer persistence of selected CPs during winter. Increasing trends in summer floods are found in the Rhine and Danube catchments, decreasing trends in the Elbe and Weser catchments. Finally, a significant trend towards a reduced diversity of CPs is found causing fewer patterns with longer persistence to dominate the weather over Europe. The detailed study of the Mulde catchment reveals a flood regime with frequent low winter floods and fewer summer floods, which bear, however, the potential of becoming extreme. Based on the results, the use of instationary approaches for flood hazard estimation is recommended in order to account for the detected trends in many of the series. Through this methodology it is possible to directly consider temporal changes in flood series, which in turn reduces the possibility of large under- or overestimations of the extreme discharges, respectively.<br>Hochwasserabschätzungen werden mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl von Methoden ermittelt. Zu diesen zählen Hochwasserhäufigkeitsanalysen, die hydrologische und hydraulische Modellierung, Abschätzungen zu maximal möglichen Abflüssen wie auch Langzeitstudien und Klimaszenarien. Den meisten Methoden ist jedoch gemein, dass sie stationäre Bedingungen der beobachteten Abflussdaten annehmen. Das heißt, in den genutzten Zeitreihen dürfen keine Trends vorliegen. Vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels und nachgewiesener Trends in atmosphärischen Zirkulationsmustern, stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob sich diese Veränderungen nicht auch in den Abflussdaten widerspiegeln.
Ziel der Dissertation ist daher die Überprüfung der Annahme von Trendfreiheit in Abflüssen und Großwetterlagen, um zu klären, ob die aktuell genutzten stationären Verfahren zur Hochwasserbemessung für die vorhandenen Daten in Deutschland geeignet sind. Zu prüfen ist des Weiteren, inwiefern regional und saisonal eine Verschärfung bzw. Abschwächung der Hochwassergefahr beobachtet werden kann und ob eindeutige Korrelationen zwischen Abflüssen und Großwetterlagen bestehen.
Den ersten Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Dissertation bildet die deutschlandweite Analyse von 145 Abflusszeitreihen für den Zeitraum 1951–2002. Acht Hochwasserindikatoren, die verschiedene Aspekte der Hochwasser-Charakteristik beleuchten, werden analysiert und bezüglich möglicher Trends getestet. Um saisonalen Unterschieden in der Hochwassercharakteristik der einzelnen Regionen gerecht zu werden, werden neben jährlichen auch saisonale Reihen untersucht. Die Analyse von Maximalreihen wird durch Schwellenwertanalysen ergänzt, die die Hochwasserdynamik bzgl. Frequenz und Magnitude detaillierter erfassen. Die Daten werden auf verschiedenen Skalen untersucht: sowohl für jeden einzelnen Pegel wie auch für ganze Regionen und Einzugsgebiete. Nicht nur die Analyse der Abflussdaten bietet die Möglichkeit, Bewertungen für die zukünftige Hochwasserabschätzung abzuleiten. Auch Großwetterlagen bilden eine bedeutende Informationsquelle über die Hochwassergefahr, da in der Regel nur ausgewählte Zirkulationsmuster die Entstehung von Hochwasser begünstigen. Die saisonal differenzierte Untersuchung der Großwetterlagen und die Prüfung einer Korrelation zu den Abflüssen an 122 mesoskaligen Einzugsgebieten bilden deshalb den zweiten Schwerpunkt der Arbeit. Hierzu werden tägliche Daten der über Europa dominierenden Großwetterlage (nach Hess und Brezowsky) mit Hilfe verschiedener Indikatoren untersucht. Analysen zum Hochwasserpotential der einzelnen Wetterlagen und weiterer Einflussfaktoren werden für das mesoskalige Einzugsgebiet der Mulde in einer separaten Studie durchgeführt. Für diese Detail-Studie stehen 15 Abflusszeitreihen verschiedener Länge im Zeitraum 1909–2002 zur Verfügung. Um die Daten von Abflüssen und Großwetterlagen bezüglich vorhandener Trends zu testen, werden verschiedene Methoden genutzt. Der Mann-Kendall Test wird mit einem Signifikanzniveau von 10% (zweiseitiger Test) angewendet, was statistisch sichere Bewertungen ermöglicht. Neben der Prüfung der gesamten Datenreihe werden multiple zeitlich-variable Trendanalysen mit Hilfe eines Resampling-Ansatzes durchgeführt. Darüber hinaus werden räumlich differenzierte Analysen durchgeführt, um die saisonale Hochwassercharakteristik einzelner Regionen besser zu verstehen. Diese werden durch Tests zur Feldsignifikanz der Trends ergänzt. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit kann gezeigt werden, dass die Hochwassergefahr für einzelne Regionen im Winterhalbjahr signifikant steigt. Davon sind insbesondere Gebiete in Mitteldeutschland betroffen. Die Verschärfung der Hochwassergefahr durch eine längere Persistenz ausgewählter Großwetterlagen konnte ebenfalls für das Winterhalbjahr nachgewiesen werden. Sommerhochwasser zeigen zwar ebenfalls steigende, aber auch fallende Trends, die räumlich geclustert sind. Im Elbe- und Weser-Einzugsgebiet sinken die Abflüsse signifikant, im Donau- und Rheineinzugsgebiet steigen sie nachweisbar. Darüber hinaus ist eine signifikante Abnahme der Anzahl verschiedener Großwetterlagen sowohl im Sommer als auch im Winter zu verzeichnen. Bzgl. der Studie zum Mulde-Einzugsgebiet konnte ein zweigeteiltes Hochwasserregime nachgewiesen werden. In den Wintermonaten treten häufig kleine Hochwasser auf, die auch die Mehrheit der jährlichen Maximalwerte bilden. Sommerhochwasser sind seltener, können aber extreme Ausmaße annehmen. Ein Vergleich der geschätzten Jährlichkeiten mit verschiedenen Zeitreihen zeigt die Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung saisonaler Aspekte für die Bemessung von Hochwassern. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse müssen die bisher genutzten stationären Verfahren als nicht mehr geeignet bewertet werden. Es wird daher die Nutzung instationärer Verfahren zur Abschätzung von Extremhochwasser und der damit verbundenen Bemessung von Schutzmaßnahmen empfohlen, um den teilweise vorliegenden Trends in den Daten Rechnung zu tragen. Durch diesen Ansatz ist es möglich, zeitlich dynamische Veränderungen im Hochwassergeschehen stärker zu berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus sollten saisonale Aspekte des Einzugsgebietes Eingang in die Gefahrenabschätzung finden.
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Henshaw, Stephen John. "Trends and patterns in urban air pollution in the UK." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509769.
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Wong, Wai-sze Agnes, and 黃慧思. "The changing trends and patterns of foreign direct investment inChina." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31645215.
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Ageena, Ismail. "Trends and patterns in the climate of Libya (1945-2010)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/17497/.
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Climate change is one of the most important issues affecting the world at the beginning of the twenty-first century. This thesis explores changes and trends within the principal climatic parameters temperature for 18 synoptic stations, precipitation for 28 meteorological stations and 16 synoptic stations for evapotranspiration inter alia, during the last 66 years (1945-2010) across Libya. Eighteen meteorological stations were selected along the Mediterranean coast where ten inland stations were selected from the North and South Sahara regions. The study period of temperature is divided into two series of equal length (27 years), 1956 to 1982 and 1983 to 2010 are used to assess and provide comparison in rate of change. Significant increases in temperature are identified, with particularly rapid increases in minimum temperature (0.032 °C a-1; 1945-2010). The rates and periods of change are variable across the study period, with a number of stations documenting declining temperatures during the early phase, with significant increases during the second half of the period, while a mix of increasing and decreasing trends in extreme temperature during the last 50 years (1961-2010) are identified. Precipitation was assessed at 16 stations across Libya (1961-2010), with variable results and no clear pattern emerging for Libya as a whole for the total period, though evidence of a decrease in annual total precipitation (-1.95 mm a-1) is found during the second period. Extreme events as consecutive dry days (<1.0 mm d-1), consecutive wet days (≥1.0 mm d-1) and number of precipitation day (≥0.1 mm d-1) were becoming more frequent during the last 33 years (1978-2010). Increasing trends in potential and actual evapotranspiration are found across Libya. The reanalyses data are applied to compare the results from two commonly used reanalysis datasets, with the station data used to examine the reliability of the gridded products and for the station data to estimate the missing and unreliable data. A comparison of the observed climate data (temperature and precipitation), with reanalysis data from two commonly used datasets NCEP/NCAR (1948-2010) and ERA-Interim (1979-2010) identified a generally good agreement for temperature, but poorer representation in precipitation datasets, with stations at higher altitudes witnessing a decrease in the reanalysis data accuracy. The implications of this research are far reaching, impacting on the management and provision of water resources, agriculture and societies.
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Mirielli, Edward J. "Exploring trends and patterns of scholarly discourse in sociology journals /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115571.
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Frey, Reik. "International and domestic Migration Patterns : International immigration effect on internal out-migration patterns in the German states between 1993 and 2016." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44226.
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Internal migration has frequently been subject of empirical research. This study attempts to find a relationship between international immigration and internal out-migration in all German states, covering the time period between 1993 and 2016. The underlying theories were established by Card et al. (2008), Schlömer (2012), Florida (2002) and Chiswick and Miller (2015). These were used to develop a modified version of the gravity model. The dataset was received from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany (Statistisches Bundesamt). The regressions were executed using a fixed effects model and a pooled OLS as a robustness check. The empirical findings suggest no evidence of a statistically significant effect of international immigration on internal out-migration patterns in the covered period. Control variables suggest policymakers to focus on other factors when the effects of immigration policies on internal out-migration are being considered.
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Somveille, Marius. "The global ecology of bird migration : patterns and processes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709448.
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Brandén, Maria. "Gendered Migration Patterns within a Sex Segregated Labor Market." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-97099.
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When a couple moves, the woman is often placed at a disadvantage. Moves are more often motivated by men’s career advancement opportunities, and men tend to gain more economically from moving. In this thesis, these patterns are examined with an eye on the role of sex segregation on the labor market. Results from the four studies indicate that there exist gender differences in couples’ migration patterns in Sweden. These differences cannot be completely explained by occupational sex segregation or by traditional gender ideologies. I. Compared to men, women are more willing to move for the sake of their partner’s employment opportunities. Further, fathers move for the sake of their own career more often than mothers. Gender differences in these patterns are greater among individuals with gender traditional attitudes, but also exist in more egalitarian relationships. II. In a couple, the man’s educational attainment affects couples’ mobility more than the woman’s. This is because highly educated men’s occupations have more career advancement opportunities and larger differences in wages between regions, whereas women’s occupations have higher geographic ubiquity. Both partners’ occupational characteristics have an equal impact on the couple’s mobility. III. When a couple moves, the man benefits more financially than the woman. This differential cannot be wholly explained by occupational differences. Some of the lag in women’s earnings development can be accounted for by childbearing following a move. Occupations’ with greater geographic ubiquity correlate with more positive financial outcomes for both men and women following a move. IV. At the start of co-residence, it is more common that the woman moves to the man than vice versa, and women generally move longer distances than men. Age differentails between partners explain part of these migration differences. Furthermore, men’s migration propensities and distance moved are more affected by labor market ties than women’s.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted.</p>
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Sofia, Lundgren. "Migration patterns of refugee immigrants : Evidence from Swedish municipalities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40364.
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This thesis examines if Swedish municipalities that receive a greater share of refugee immigrants relative to the municipality population, also experience an increased share of foreign born people over time. For smaller municipalities in Sweden, refugee recipient can be a way to grow in terms of population in a longer time perspective, given that refugees choose to stay in the municipality. The analysis is conducted at municipality level for Sweden’s 290 municipalities during the period of 2005 to 2016. The results from the analysis show that there is a positive relation between new refugee immigrants per capita that a municipality receives and the share of foreign borns per capita in a municipality. Further, the analysis shows that there is a positive and significant relation between the share of refugees per capita that a municipality receives and the share of foreign born people living in the municipality three to five years later.
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Price-Spratlen, Townsand. "African-American community development and migration streams : patterns of change in 20th century metropolitan migration /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8845.
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Wong, Wai-sze Agnes. "The changing trends and patterns of foreign direct investment in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31645215.
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Carnerud, Daniel. "Exploring Trends, Patterns and Characteristics of Quality Management Through Text Mining." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för kvalitetsteknik, maskinteknik och matematik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27765.
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At frequent intervals, new reports and papers are published stressing the importance of high quality and quality improvement measures in the public and private sector if Sweden is to survive as a welfare state and industrial nation. The situation seems not to be unique for Sweden: similar opinions can be heard in other parts of the world as well. In the 21st century, consumers and citizens should be provided with continuously improved quality at a lower cost, otherwise businesses are likely to go bankrupt and politicians may lose the trust of the people. Quality is, thus, a word that is used persistently by people in power and the social commentators of today. From this perspective, it might seem fitting that quality, quality management (QM), total quality management (TQM) and other closely related terminologies are well defined, to make possible constructive dialogue that will culminate in effective action. This is often not the case, which is why vision statements, campaigns and other quality improvement measures risk falling short before they are even launched. With this background, the purpose of this thesis is to facilitate fruitful dialogue by examining QM-research and how trends, terminologies and research focus have shifted over time. By increasing the understanding of how QM-research has evolved it is also possible to create a coherent overview which hopefully can help to reduce confusion and polarisation amongst scholars and practitioners. In this way, it might be possible to increase the number of successful quality improvement measures as well as to lay the foundations for sustainable and system-wide quality improvement actions in society at large. The thesis is based on three studies, of which the first is looking into conference proceedings from one of the globally most prominent scientific conferences on quality – the QMOD-ICQSS conference. The two subsequent studies use abstracts from three of the top ranked scientific journals dealing with quality - International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Total Quality Management Journal and Total Quality Management & Business Excellence. All studies have been conducted according to text mining methodology, which entails usage of statistical tools in the form of hard- and software for data collection, modelling and analysis. The approach is exploratory and previously not verified with this purpose, which is why the three studies offer unique perspectives on the research field, at the same time as new methodological tools and approaches are investigated and tested. Through the studies it is possible to show occurrence of trends in research alignment as well as in publication design and popularity. The studies also identify central, perpetual, topics around which the research has been concentrated. These topics indicate that the research field, in spite of momentary trends and fashions, rests on a firm foundation regarding problem definition and approaches to solve them. Finally, a model is presented which summarizes the perspectives and outsets which distinguish QM and make it a research field in its own right.<br>Regelbundet publiceras det nya rapporter och artiklar där vikten av hög kvalitet liksom kvalitetsförbättrande åtgärder inom offentlig och privat sektor lyfts fram som oumbärliga för att Sverige ska överleva som välfärds- och näringslivsnation. Situationen tycks inte vara unik för Sverige, likande tongångar hörs även i andra delar av världen. På 2000-talet ska konsumenter och medborgare tillhandahållas ständigt förbättrad kvalitet till lägre kostnad, annars går företag i konkurs och politiska företrädare förlorar folkets förtroende. Kvalitet är alltså ett ord som används flitigt av dagens makthavare och samhällsdebattörer. Utifrån detta perspektiv kan det anses angeläget att kvalitet, kvalitetsutveckling, kvalitetsarbete och andra närbesläktade ord är väl definierade för att möjliggöra konstruktiv dialog som mynnar ut i verkningsfulla insatser. Så är dock ofta inte fallet - varför visioner, kampanjer och andra kvalitetsförbättrande initiativ riskerar att faller till korta innan de ens hunnit lanseras. Med denna bakgrund, är syftet med avhandlingen att underlätta givande diskussioner genom att närmare belysa forskningsfältet kvalitetsteknik, eller Quality Management (QM), och hur trender, termer och forskningsfokus har växlat över tid. Genom att öka förståelsen för forskningens utveckling över tid kan även en sammanhängande översikt skapas, vilka tillsammans förhoppningsvis kan bidra till att minska den förvirring och polarisering som råder både inom akademi liksom praktik. Därigenom kanske det är möjligt att öka mängden lyckade kvalitetssatsningar liksom att lägga grunden för ett långsiktigt hållbart och systemövergripande kvalitetsarbete i samhället i överlag. Avhandlingen baseras på tre studier, varav den första har tittat närmare på konferensbidrag från en av världens idag ledande forskningskonferenser om kvalitet – QMOD-ICQSS konferensen. De två senare studierna behandlar sammanfattningar från tre av de högst rankade forskningstidskrifterna med fokus på kvalitet – International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Total Quality Management Journal och Total Quality Management & Business Excellence. Samtliga studier har utformats enligt text-mining metodik, vilket medför att statistiska hjälpmedel i form av hård och mjukvara har använts för datainsamling, modellering och analys. Angreppssättet är explorativt och tidigare ej beprövat i ovanstående syfte varför de tre studierna erbjuder unika perspektiv på forskningsområdet samtidigt som nya metodologiska verktyg och arbetssätt utforskats och utvärderats. Genom studierna går det att påvisa förekomsten av trender i forskningsinriktningar liksom i publikationernas utformning och popularitet. Studierna identifierar även centrala, återkommande teman kring vilka forskningen koncentrerats. Dessa teman indikerar att forskningsområdet, trots tillfälliga trender och moden, vilar på en stadigvarande grund gällande problemformuleringar och ansatser att lösa dessa. Slutligen presenteras en modell som sammanfattar de perspektiv och utgångspunkter som utmärker kvalitetstekniken (QM) och som gör det till ett forskningsområde i sin egen rätt.<br><p>Vid tidpunkten för framläggandet av avhandlingen var följande delarbeten opublicerade: delarbete B accepterat för publicering och delarbete C inskickat.</p><p>At the time of the licentiate defence the following papers were unpublished: paper B accepted for publication and paper C submitted.</p>
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Ormiston, Hugh Charles. "Japanese and US management in Britain, present patterns and future trends." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290737.
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Castagnone, E. ""Building a comprehensive framework of African migration patterns: the case of migration between Senegal and Europe"." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/160858.
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Migration theories, which guided prior research, have been predominantly based on static dichotomous categorizations. In particular most research has been guided by assumptions conceiving migration primarily as: 1) a one-off move from a departure country “A” to a destination country “B”; 2) directed to Europe (revealing a strong Eurocentric bias); 3) entailing a permanent settlement; 4) and with little or no spontaneous return from Europe to origin countries. According to this logic, previous research concentrated almost exclusively on specific phases of the migration process (settlement and integration in destination countries; temporary returns and circulation between sending and receiving countries; permanent return in origin countries) or on their effect on sending and receiving countries.
Furthermore, available data on migration are few, weakly comparable and fail to capture the longitudinal character of migration. These limitations particularly apply to migration from sub-Saharan Africa, where the diversification and growing complexity of migratory flows, rather than an increase in volume (as conveyed by public opinion and the media) has been the most significant change in the last decades. In addition to conceptual problems, this lack of data prevents gaining an improved understanding into the complex and rapidly changing dynamics of African migrations.
The aim of the PhD research is to fill these conceptual and empirical gaps by analyzing migration trajectories as 1) complex mobility systems, conceiving migration as a continuous process that develops over migrants’ lives through different phases and steps; 2) from the origin country, through intermediate-transit and destination ones 3) studying the extent of mobility within the EU 4) and including (short and long-term) circulation and permanent returns to origin country. Following these principles, the theoretical and empirical objective of the study is to identify and to analyze the main migration patterns between Africa and Europe, through a longitudinal analysis of their complex composition, geographical extent and changing nature over time.
The research draws on the MAFE dataset, which provides a unique opportunity to empirically pursue this research objective. The MAFE Senegal project yielded a new individual biographic data set in 2008, through comparables surveys in both sending (Senegal) and receiving countries (France, Italy, Spain) among both documented and undocumented migrants. MAFE data are: 1) multi-topic (various aspects of the respondents' lives are covered by the questionnaires, including work experience, family formation, residential mobility, legal status, etc.); 2) multi-level (meso and macro comparable data in four surveyed countries are associated to individual-micro data on migrants); 3) longitudinal (through retrospective data) 4) transnational (collected and giving account for both sending and receiving countries). The unique nature of this dataset allows to undertake innovative research on complex structure of individuals’ migration.
By investigating the individual migrants’ trajectories, the research focuses in particular on “transits” and “temporary returns”. The analysis showed the increasing crucial role of interconnectivity played by these forms of mobility between West African and European migration systems.
Finally, by analyzing the intersections of the different mobility structures (linear, step-wise and circular) and geographical areas (sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa and Europe) in which Senegalese migration develops, the research finally elaborates a typology of the main patterns of mobility between Africa and Europe and outlines the profiles of migrants who undertake different mobility patterns.
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James, Pamela. "Differing patterns of international migration in Southern Africa: A regional analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8116.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhil<br>The study analyses the changing patterns of international migration within the Southern African region. Topics surrounding migration are rapidly gaining importance, especially in the context of regional integration. Past research has focused primarily on South African migration, neglecting or, rather, paying less attention to the migration within other countries in the Southern African region. This study includes all the migration trends across the countries in Southern Africa while discussing contemporary migration trends within Southern Africa.
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Phouxay, Kabmanivanh. "Patterns of migration and socio-economic change in Lao PDR." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37321.
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The aim of the thesis is to investigate patterns and consequences of internal and international migration in Laos during the period 1985-2005 on both a macro-and a micro-level. The thesis focuses on the influences of socio-economic change and government policies on inter-regional and rural-urban migration as well as on crossborder migration from Laos to Thailand. The study also examines the effects of migration and industrial factory work on gender relations during economic transition and consequences of undocumented migration to Thailand. The background consists of a discussion on socio-economic change within the country and on government policies influencing migration patterns, as well as on how socio-economic change, urbanization and industrialization in the region affect internal and international migration in Laos. The thesis consists of three empirical studies which derive from different sources of data; the first is based on Population Censuses in 1995 and 2005 and the second and the third draw from empirical surveys in 2004-2005 and 2006. Paper I focuses on how socioeconomic factors and government policies influence migration patterns in Laos. The paper found that the interregional migration rate decreased in the later census period. This was due to significantly higher rural-rural migration in the earlier period, which in turn was influenced by various types of government policies. Papers II and III are based on micro surveys; paper II focuses on an urban industrial area in Vientiane Capital and explores the current feminization of rural-urban migrations during economic transition with specific focus on the effects of industrial work on gender roles and status of women as industrial workers. Industrial work was seen by the women as temporary jobs for saving money, for sending remittances, and for either returning home or moving to other jobs in Vientiane or Thailand. Paper III is based on surveys in three provinces, and deals with undocumented migration from Laos to Thailand and its consequences. Different income levels, existing social networks, similar language and socio-cultural backgrounds were determinants of cross-border migrations. The study found that migrants who had contacts with informal brokers were highly exposed to risks of human trafficking and violence.
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Isles, Hannah. "Regulation of inflammation by differential neutrophil migration patterns in zebrafish." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21593/.
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Miró, Pina Verónica. "Equilibrium patterns of genetic diversity shuffled by migration and recombination." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS253.
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Cette thèse présente deux modèles différents pour étudier comment la recombinaison et la migration permettent de brasser la diversité génétique. Dans le premier modèle, au temps 0, chaque individu a son chromosome peint d’une couleur différente. Par l’effet de la recombinaison, les génomes des descendants sont des mosaïques de couleurs, où chaque couleur représente le matériel génétique hérité d’un des ancêtres. Chaque segment d’une même couleur correspond à un segment identique par descendance (IBD en anglais). Nous avons caractérisé la distribution des blocks IBD dans le chromosome d’un individu échantillonné au hasard dans la population. Le deuxième modèle permet d’étudier l’effet de la structure géographique, la migration, la mutation et la recombinaison sur la composition génétique d’une métapopulation. La métapopulation est représentée par un graphe où chaque sommet représente une sous-population et chaque arrête est associée à un taux de migration. Le but est d’étudier la spéciation: quand deux sous-populations accumulent assez de différences génétiques, elles peuvent former deux espèces séparées. Nous avons caractérisé la distribution des distances génétiques entre les sous-populations dans un régime de mutation et migration rares, en fonction de la structure géographique. Nous avons montré que certaines structures géographiques peuvent favoriser la spéciation<br>This thesis presents two different models to study how recombination and migration shuffle genetic diversity. In the first model, recombination is the only evolutionary force. At time 0, each individual has her unique chromosome painted in a distinct color. By the blending effect of recombination, the genomes of the descending individuals look like mosaics of colors, each color representing the genetic material inherited from a different ancestral individual. Each segment of the same color is called an identical-by-descent (IBD) segment. We have been able to characterize the sizes and positions of the segments that are IBD to a given locus in the chromosome of a randomly sampled individual in the population. The second model is devoted to the study of the effects of geographic structure, migration, mutation and recombination in the genetic composition of a metapopulation. The metapopulation is modelled as a graph where vertices correspond to subpopulations and edges are associated to migration rates. The idea behind this project is to study speciation: when two subpopulations accumulate enough genetic differences they may become separate species. We have been able to characterize the distribution of the genetic distances between subpopulations in a low mutation - low migration regime, depending on the geographic structure, and to show that some geographic configurations can promote speciation
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Weckmann, Armin. "Material migration in tokamaks : Erosion-deposition patterns and transport processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fusionsplasmafysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209758.
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Controlled thermonuclear fusion may become an attractive future electrical power source. The most promising of all fusion machine concepts is called a tokamak. The fuel, a plasma made of deuterium and tritium, must be confined to enable the fusion process. It is also necessary to protect the wall of tokamaks from erosion by the hot plasma. To increase wall lifetime, the high-Z metal tungsten is foreseen as wall material in future fusion devices due to its very high melting point. This thesis focuses on the following consequences of plasma impact on a high-Z wall: (i) erosion, transport and deposition of high-Z wall materials; (ii) fuel retention in tokamak walls; (iii) long term effects of plasma impact on structural machine parts; (iv) dust production in tokamaks. An extensive study of wall components has been conducted with ion beam analysis after the final shutdown of the TEXTOR tokamak. This unique possibility offered by the shutdown combined with a tracer experiment led to the largest study of high-Z metal migration and fuel retention ever conducted. The most important results are: - transport is greatly affected by drifts and flows in the plasma edge; - stepwise transport along wall surfaces takes place mainly in the toroidal direction; - fuel retention is highest on slightly retracted wall elements; - fuel retention is highly inhomogeneous. A broad study on structural parts of a tokamak has been conducted on the TEXTOR liner. The plasma impact does neither degrade mechanical properties nor lead to fuel diffusion into the bulk after 26 years of duty time. Peeling deposition layers on the liner retain fuel in the order of 1g and represent a dust source. Only small amounts of dust are found in TEXTOR with overall low deuterium content. Security risks in future fusion devices due to dust explosions or fuel retention in dust are hence of lesser concern.<br><p>QC 20170630</p>
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Hovhannisyan, Anna Sevilla Ramon C. "Patterns of in-and out-migration in Kanchanaburi DSS areas /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/cd357/4538007.pdf.
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Budde, Leighann E. "Barrier island progradation related to inlet spacing and migration patterns." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/buddel/leighannbudde.pdf.
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Barua, Susmita 1961. "THE DYNAMICS AND CHANGING PATTERNS OF INTERSTATE MIGRATION IN INDIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276543.
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The dynamics and changes in the pattern of the interstate migration system in India during the post-Independence period are explored. Three major perspectives, namely (i) the demographic effectiveness of net migration in changing the regional and ethnic balance of population distribution, (ii) the principal components or regional subsystems of in- and out-migration based on similarities in the origin and destination areas of migrants, and (iii) the shift-share components of the change in net migration are adopted to provide insight into the changing structure of interstate population movements in India. The major findings are compared with those of other similar studies done in the context of developed countries. The post-Independence development policies have had a significant impact in diffusing the highly polarized pre-Independence pattern of interstate migration in India.
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O'Brien, Nicholas Joseph. "New patterns and trends in Irish outward FDI? : initial evidence from China." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479445.
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Demian, Catalin. "Shoreline erosion in Deep Creek Lake, Maryland patterns, trends and economic implications /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5200.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 42 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).
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Tilley, Sara. "Ageing and mobility in Britain : past trends, present patterns and future implications." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4471.
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Over the next decade the ‘Baby Boomer' cohort will increasingly contribute to the proportion of those aged 60 and over in Britain. The issue of how the mobility of older people has changed for different cohort groups has not been considered in a historical context. Ryder (1965) argued that cohort groups could be important in determining behaviour as have other social structural factors, such as socioeconomic status. This thesis merges the disciplines of transport geography and population studies using a novel approach of cohort analysis, which has not been used widely for studying mobility trends. Using National Travel Survey data from 1995-2008, the mobility trends of older people in Britain are explored by creating pseudo cohorts. Pseudo cohorts are artificially created datasets which are constructed from using repeated cross-sectional data (McIntosh, 2005, Uren, 2006). This technique can differentiate ‘age', ‘period' and ‘cohort' effects in mobility trends. Age effects are differences in behaviour between age groups i.e. changes in mobility associated with age itself. Period effects relate to changes in behaviour in all age groups over a period of time. Cohort effects are those associated with behaviour common to particular groups born around the same time (Glenn, 2005, Yang, 2007). The influence of the Scottish concessionary travel policy on the mobility of older people at the aggregate level is also considered using Scottish Household Survey data from 1999-2008. This policy is very blunt and based on assumptions about older age. As cohorts differ, these assumptions may no longer hold and therefore the policy may not be effective. This thesis argues, using a longitudinal demographic perspective, that structural effects shape mobility of cohorts differently over time. The findings reveal although mobility amongst older people is rising in general, there would actually be declining mobility were it not for the Boomer cohort. Amongst younger cohorts mobility is lower. The analysis also shows that women travel further than men, a fundamental break with the past, specific to this generation. This thesis illustrates the importance of cohort membership in explaining mobility change.
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JÃnior, Alberto Novaes Ramos. "Patterns and trends of mortality and survival in brazilian children with AIDS." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6750.
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nÃo hÃ<br>A infecÃÃo pelo HIV/aids em crianÃas vem sendo eliminada como problema de saÃde pÃblica em paÃses desenvolvidos, mas mantÃm elevada carga de morbimortalidade naqueles em desenvolvimento. O Brasil se destaca pela polÃtica consistente de controle, especialmente pela adoÃÃo universal/gratuita da HAART em 1996. Esta tese visa caracterizar padrÃes e tendÃncias de morbimortalidade e sobrevida em crianÃas com aids no paÃs. Foram estruturados dois blocos analÃticos: 1) estudos nacionais de morbimortalidade por aids em crianÃas, 2) estudos nacionais de sobrevida em crianÃas com aids. No primeiro bloco realizou-se estudo ecolÃgico do tipo sÃrie temporal (1984-2008) de casos (14.314) e Ãbitos (5.041) por aids no Brasil, regiÃes e grupos etÃrios (0-12 e 0-4 anos), baseado na anÃlise dos respectivos coeficientes por modelos de regressÃo polinomial, diferenÃa percentual e razÃes nas eras prÃ-HAART e HAART. Adicionalmente, realizou-se anÃlise de tendÃncia temporal (1999-2007) da mortalidade por causas mÃltiplas relacionadas à infecÃÃo pelo HIV/aids em crianÃas infectadas no Brasil (2.191/680.736) pela estimativa da razÃo de chances de mortalidade (MOR). No segundo bloco, realizou-se estudo de coorte retrospectiva, multicÃntrico-nacional, de sobrevida em crianÃas com aids (920 crianÃas, 1999-2002, atà 2007) e fatores associados, com anÃlise integrada ao primeiro estudo nacional (914 crianÃas, 1983-1998, atà 2002) para verificaÃÃo de tendÃncias de sobrevida e padrÃes de ocorrÃncia de diagnÃstico tardio e doenÃas definidoras de aids. Os resultados demonstram que o Brasil apresenta reduÃÃo da tendÃncia temporal da morbimortalidade da aids apÃs a adoÃÃo da HAART, mas com grandes desigualdades regionais. As regiÃes mais pobres do paÃs (Norte/Nordeste) apresentaram o pior cenÃrio para mortalidade (p<0,001), apesar da concentraÃÃo de casos e Ãbitos nas regiÃes mais desenvolvidas (Sul/Sudeste). Para a incidÃncia, o Nordeste evoluiu com estabilizaÃÃo (p<0,001); o Sul apresenta tendÃncia crescente para crianÃas 0-4 anos (p<0,001) e os maiores coeficientes do paÃs em ambos grupos etÃrios. O coeficiente de mortalidade por causas nÃo relacionadas ao HIV/aids entre 1999-2007 era estÃvel (0,08/100.000 habitantes). A MOR indica tendÃncia de crescimento destas causas entre 2000-2007 (1,18 versus 1,85), embora nÃo significativa (p=0,413); nÃo foi verificada tendÃncia de causas especÃficas neste grupo. A probabilidade de sobrevida em 60 meses foi de 0,88 (IC 95%: 0,86-0,91), com menor sobrevida para crianÃas com <1 ano (p=0,013), categoria C (p<0,001), doenÃas oportunistas (p<0,001) e sem TARV (p<0,001). Nos estudos nacionais, houve, respectivamente, 420 (46%) e 109 (11,8%) Ãbitos, com tendÃncia de ampliaÃÃo da sobrevida (p<0,001), variando de 0,20 (<1988) a 0,90 (2001-2002), e tambÃm pÃs-HAART (0,41 versus 0,84, p<0,001). Houve reduÃÃo do diagnÃstico tardio e de doenÃas definidoras em crianÃas nascidas (p=0,009 e p<0,001) e diagnosticadas pÃs-HAART (p=0,004 e p<0,001), com proporÃÃes ainda elevadas na segunda coorte (47,7% versus 36,1% e 80,7% versus 50,8%); doenÃas bacterianas e pneumocistose mantiveram importÃncia, com menor grau. Conclui-se que a morbimortalidade da aids em crianÃas no paÃs vem sendo reduzida, sobretudo pÃs-HAART. A sobrevida ampliou-se significativamente, tornando a aids uma condiÃÃo crÃnica, com desafios inerentes. Mas desigualdades regionais indicam implementaÃÃo diferenciada das aÃÃes, com pior cenÃrio nas regiÃes mais pobres, com aspectos ainda da era prÃ-HAART. Adicionalmente, o estudo revela questÃes importantes relacionadas à cobertura/qualidade da atenÃÃo à saÃde da mulher (em especial prÃ-natal e planejamento familiar) e Ãs crianÃas expostas/infectadas pelo HIV bem como à complexidade da dinÃmica de transmissÃo do HIV-1 no paÃs.<br>HIV/AIDS infection among children is in the process of being eliminated as a public health problem in high-income countries, but still maintains an elevated level of morbidity-mortality in developing nations. Brazil stands out for its consistent HIV/AIDS control policy, particularly its adoption of free and universal distribution of HAART in 1996. This thesis describes the patterns and trends of morbidity-mortality and survival in children with AIDS in Brazil. Two analytical groupings were formed: 1) national studies of AIDS morbidity-mortality in children, 2) national survival studies in children with AIDS. In the first group, an ecological time-series study was undertaken (1984-2008) on cases (14,314) and deaths (5,041) from AIDS in Brazil by region and age group (0-12 and 0-4 years), based on an analysis of the respective rates using polynomial regression, percentage differences and ratios in the pre-HAART and HAART eras. In addition, a temporal trend analysis was done (1999-2007) on mortality from the various causes related to HIV/AIDS infection in children in Brazil (2,191/680,736) using Mortality Odds Ratio (MOR). Among the second group, a multi-centric, national retrospective cohort study of survival of children with AIDS (920 children, 1999-2002, until 2007) and associated factors was conducted with integrated analysis of the first national study (914 children, 1983-1998, until 2002) for verification of survival trends and occurrence patterns of late diagnosis and AIDS-defining diseases. The results point to the fact that Brazil shows a reduction of AIDS morbidity and mortality after the implementation of HAART, but with large regional disparities. The poorest regions of the country (North/Northeast) showed the worst trend for mortality (p<0.001), despite the concentration of cases and deaths in the most developed regions (South/Southeast). In terms of incidence, evolution in the Northeast stabilized (p<0.001), whereas the South showed increasing trends for children aged 0-4 (p<0.001), with the highest national rates for both age groups. The mortality rate from causes not related to HIV/AIDS between 1999 and 2007 was stable (0.08/100,000 population). The MOR indicates an increasing trend of these causes from 2000-2007 (1.18 versus 1.85), although not statistically significant (p=0.413). A trend of specific causes was not identified in this group. The probability of survival at 60 months was 0.88 (CI 95%: 0.86-0.91), with the lowest survival rates among children <1 year of age (p=0.013), category C (p<0.001), opportunistic diseases (p<0.001) and without ART (p<0.001). In the national studies there were, respectively, 420 (46%) and 109 (11.8%) deaths, with a trend for increased survival (p<0.001), varying from 0.20 (<1988) to 0.90 (2001-2002) post-HAART (0.41 versus 0.84, p<0.001). There was a reduction in late diagnosis and AIDS-defining diseases in children born (p=0.009 and p<0.001) and diagnosed post-HAART (p=0.004 and p<0.001), though with elevated frequencies still seen in the second cohort (47.7% versus 36.1% and 80.7% versus 50.8%). Bacterial diseases and pneumocystosis remained important, but to a lesser degree. It is concluded that morbidity-mortality due to AIDS among Brazilian children has been declining, principally after the adoption of HAART. Survival increased significantly to the point of making AIDS a chronic condition with inherent challenges. However, there were regional inequalities with differences in the implementation of control activities, and worse conditions in the poorest regions, still showing characteristics of the pre-HAART era. In addition, the study reveals important issues related to coverage/quality of health care for women (particularly pre-natal care and family planning) and for children exposed to or infected with HIV, as well as to the dynamics of HIV-1 transmission in Brazil.
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PHELAN, KIERAN J. "TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF PLAYGROUND INJURIES IN UNITED STATES CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1006198437.
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Orender, Maggie Marie. "An Examination of Patterns and Trends of Prescription Drug Abuse Among Adolescents." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1826.
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The purpose of this study was to examine prescription drug abuse among the adolescent population and analyze factors that may contribute to or influence adolescent drug abuse. This study examined 3 waves of a secondary data set from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA) entitled the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The data from these surveys are nationally representative and include data on several types of drug use and mental health conditions. Results from the current study indicate that there were significant relationships among age, gender, race, previous alcohol use, school enrollment, general health, mental health treatment, and the use of prescription drugs in the adolescent populations. Future research should be conducted to investigate the severity of the impact adolescent prescription drug abuse will have on society and to investigate possible solutions to this problem.
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Mandal, Tapash. "Trends and patterns of agricultural hand use in Maldah district, West Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5096.
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Formanek, Alexandra. "Managing asylum : a critical examination of emerging trends in European refugee and migration policy." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82703.
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This thesis takes a critical approach to examine recent developments in European asylum and migration policy. Specifically, this research is interested in addressing the emerging paradigm of "migration management" and its impact on the nature of refugee protection and asylum in an integrated Europe. Two approaches are used in this analysis. First, from a functionalist perspective, this work considers how migration management has responded to contemporary realities of international migration. Secondly, from a critical theory perspective, the thesis analyzes how refugee protection becomes subsumed within the broader goals of migration management. This thesis will argue that the paradigm of migration management has effectively shifted the contours of the asylum debate by linking refugee and asylum policy with broader issues of labor migration, illegality and foreign relations. This has resulted in the separation of asylum from territoriality and more broadly, the submersion of the humanitarian considerations to the overarching goals of migration management.
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Lozano, Ascencio Fernando. "Immigrants from cities : new trends in urban-origin Mexican migration to the United States /." Digital version, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9956884.
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Boulet, Marylene Gibbs H. L. "Evolutionary history and migration patterns in the yellow warbler (Dendroica petechia) /." *McMaster only, 2004.
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Nyquist, Linda. "Migration patterns of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) at Hammarö Bird Observatory." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-565.
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<p>Animal migration is a well known natural phenomenon and bird migration is perhaps the most obvious type. In some bird populations all individuals migrate, while in others only a fraction of the population migrates. The blue tit is a partial migrant; i.e. some individuals in the population migrate while others are sedentary. Some years, large numbers of partial migrants leave their breeding grounds and appear as invasion species in other areas. Shortage of food and high population densities are suggested as two important releasing factors. Theory predicts that juvenile birds, especially females, should arrive earlier since they are smaller and therefore are forced to leave their birth areas first.</p><p>In this study, the migration of blue tits at Hammarö Bird Observatory in northern lake Vänern (HBO) was examined with respect to age and sex distribution. During the autumns of 1977-2005, a total number of 13 944 blue tits were caught and ringed at HBO. A large fraction of the caught blue tits were juveniles, of which female and non-sexed birds dominated. Juvenile males were the third largest group, whereas adults were only caught in small numbers. The period when most birds arrived was between 28th of September and 2nd of October, but juvenile females did not arrived significantly earlier. The median arrival date was the 2nd of October, and the mean arrival date was 30th of September. There was a trend of earlier arrival dates, which may be due to warmer spring climate leading to an earlier breeding start. Analyses showed that the proportion of juveniles increased significantly with mean arrival date and total number of birds caught. Comparison between HBO, Falsterbo and Ottenby showed that birds arrived significantly earlier at HBO. In 1990 and 2003 all bird observatories (HBO, Falsterbo, Ottenby and Jomfruland) captured more birds than respectively stations average and in 1995, 1998 and 2002 fewer birds than average were captured at all sites.</p><br><p>Förekomsten av migration är vida känt i djurvärlden och fåglars flyttning är kanske den mest uppenbara typen. I vissa populationer flyttar alla fåglar, i andra flyttar ingen. Blåmesen tillämpar partiell migration, dvs. en del individer i populationen flyttar medan andra stannar. Vissa år lämnar partiellt flyttande fåglar fortplantningsområdet i stora antal och invaderar andra områden – dålig födotillgång och höga populationstätheter är två viktiga, utlösande faktorer.</p><p>I den här studien undersöktes successionen av flyttande blåmesar vid Hammarö fågelstation i norra delen av Vänern (HBO) med avseende på ålders- och könsfördelning. Under höstarna 1977-2005 fångades och ringmärktes totalt 13 944 blåmesar vid HBO. Den största delen av de fångade blåmesarna var ungfåglar, av vilka honor och obestämda fåglar dominerade. Juvenila hanar utgjorde den tredje största gruppen, medan de adulta fåglarna var få. Den period då de flesta fåglarna fångades var 28 september till 2 oktober. Mediandatum för fångst var 2 oktober, medan medeldatumet var 30 september. Tvärtemot förutsägelserna anlände inte juvenila honor signifikant tidigare än andra kategorier. Det finns en trend att fåglarna fångas allt tidigare på hösten, vilket kan vara ett resultat av ett varmare vårklimat med tidigarelagd häckning som följd. Regressioner visade att proportionen juvenila fåglar ökade signifikant med medelankomstdatum och med det totala antalet fångade fåglar. En jämförelse mellan HBO, Falsterbo och Ottenby visade att fåglarna anlände signifikant tidigare till HBO. 1990 och 2003 var de enda år då HBO, Falsterbo, Ottenby och Jomfruland fångade fler fåglar än respektive stations medelvärde. Åren 1995, 1998 och 2002 fångades färre fåglar än medelvärdet på samtliga stationer.</p>
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Zhou, Siyanai. "Ethnic migration patterns in South Africa: A case of Zimbabwean immigrants." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29845.
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Zimbabwean-born migrants form the largest proportion of the foreign-born population in South Africa; however, relatively little is known about both the international and internal migration behaviour of this population group. This study reviews several migration theories, and existing evidence on Zimbabwean-born migration to South Africa and uses the 2011 Census and 2016 Community Survey data for South Africa to explore both provincial and metropolitan migration patterns of Zimbabwean migrants. The study also seeks to identify characteristics of migrant internal movers and how these are associated with their propensity to migrate. To accomplish this, two modelling approaches are used, namely: the multiplicative component model (TODA) and the logistic regression model. The first modelling approach describes the origin-destination specific migration patterns of this group of migrants. The results from this analytic model show that Zimbabwean migrants are concentrated in three provinces, namely, Gauteng, Western Cape, and Limpopo; particularly in respective metropolitan areas. Also, post-arrival migration is largely focused on these major receiving provinces. The findings suggest that this pattern of concentration is likely to continue. The second modelling approach examines the inter-provincial migration of Zimbabwean migrants. At the aggregate level, the study results show a degree of selectivity of Zimbabwean immigration by factors such as age, sex, marital status, and education. Also, the results show that post-immigration migration is not necessarily significant to migrants’ redistribution. However, for those who move, the logistic regression analysis reveals that province of residence, age, marital status, and sex significantly impact on migrants’ propensity to move from “pioneer settlements” and their effects are consistent over time. Finally, despite concerns about the quality of the data collected in the 2011 census and 2016 Community Survey, our results show that there is general consistency of migration 'patterns’ between the two datasets.
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Concepcion, Torres Ramon Luis. "Puerto Rican migration, settlement patterns, and assimilation in the Orlando MSA." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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