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Journal articles on the topic 'Trends in water chemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Clair, T. A., P. J. Dillon, J. Ion, M. Papineau, D. S. Jeffries, and R. J. Vet. "Regional precipitation and surface water chemistry trends in southeastern Canada (1983–1991)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 1 (1995): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-020.

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We analyzed for trends of acidification related variables from 1983 to 1992 in precipitation concentrations and deposition at six sites and surface water concentrations at 111 sites located from central Ontario to eastern Newfoundland. Precipitation showed significantly decreasing H+ and [Formula: see text] concentrations and deposition in central and eastern Ontario and at one of two sites in Québec (deposition only). For Ontario surface water sites, only increasing or stable [Formula: see text] trends were observed, and these had both concomitant increasing and decreasing trends for pH and (

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Vogt, Rolf, Øyvind Kaste, Jan-Erik Thrane, Areti Balkoni, François Clayer, and Ann Kristin Schartau. "Distinguishing the Effects of Climate Change and Acid Rain Recovery on Water Chemistry Trends: A Challenging Task?" ARPHA Conference Abstracts 8 (May 28, 2025): e155377. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.8.e155377.

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This study examines whether trends in climate variables—precipitation, runoff, temperature, and actual evapotranspiration (AET)—can help explain changes in water chemistry in 78 Norwegian lakes from 1990 to 2020. AET has increased significantly in nearly all catchments, though substantial discrepancies exist between modeled and calculated values. Temperature has risen at 79% of monitoring stations, whereas precipitation and runoff exhibit significant trends in only 15% and 19% of lakes, respectively. These patterns are reflected in the limited explanatory power of climate variables for water c

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Stenke, A., and V. Grewe. "Simulation of stratospheric water vapor trends: impact on stratospheric ozone chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 4, no. 5 (2004): 6559–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-4-6559-2004.

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Abstract. A transient model simulation from 1960 to 2000 with the coupled climate-chemistry model (CCM) shows a stratospheric water vapor trend during the last two decades of +0.7 ppmv and additionally a short-term increase during volcanic eruptions. At the same time this model simulation shows a long-term decrease in total ozone and a short-term tropical ozone decline after a volcanic eruption. In order to understand the resulting effects of the water vapor changes on stratospheric ozone chemistry, different perturbation simulations have been performed with the CCM with the water vapor pertur

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Akhil Raj, Sivan Thankamani, Madineni Venkat Ratnam, Daggumati Narayana Rao, and Boddam Venkata Krishna Murthy. "Long-term trends in stratospheric ozone, temperature, and water vapor over the Indian region." Annales Geophysicae 36, no. 1 (2018): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018.

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Abstract. We have investigated the long-term trends in and variabilities of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and temperature over the Indian monsoon region using the long-term data constructed from multi-satellite (Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS MLS and HALOE, 1993–2005), Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS, 2004–2015), Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER, 2002–2015) on board TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics)) observations covering the period 1993–2015. We have selected two locations, namely, Trivandrum (8.4∘ N, 76.9∘ E) an

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Osborne, C. G., P. D. Ravenscroft, and I. R. McCracken. "Predicted water chemistry trends in North Sea formation brines." Marine and Petroleum Geology 11, no. 1 (1994): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(94)90005-1.

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6

Stenke, A., and V. Grewe. "Simulation of stratospheric water vapor trends: impact on stratospheric ozone chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 5, no. 5 (2005): 1257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1257-2005.

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Abstract. A transient model simulation of the 40-year time period 1960 to 1999 with the coupled climate-chemistry model (CCM) ECHAM4.L39(DLR)/CHEM shows a stratospheric water vapor increase over the last two decades of 0.7 ppmv and, additionally, a short-term increase after major volcanic eruptions. Furthermore, a long-term decrease in global total ozone as well as a short-term ozone decline in the tropics after volcanic eruptions are modeled. In order to understand the resulting effects of the water vapor changes on lower stratospheric ozone chemistry, different perturbation simulations were

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7

Gaur, Sanjay, Bryan Lim, and Khanh Phan. "California water rate trends." Journal - American Water Works Association 105, no. 3 (2013): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0037.

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8

Piers, Warren E. "Future Trends in Organometallic Chemistry: Organometallic Approaches to Water Splitting." Organometallics 30, no. 1 (2011): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om100910d.

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9

Aleksander, Vasenko, Brook Vladimyr, Svyrydov Yurii, and Milanich Hanna. "GIS-assisted revealing of spatio-temporal dynamics in phycological indices of the Danube river delta." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 10 (108) (2020): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.219556.

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With the aim to predict shifts in water quality in the Danube river delta, a geographic information system (GIS) for environmental monitoring with additional functions for analyzing time-dependent series of observation results was developed. Using the developed GIS, the main trends of shifts in phycological indices of water quality for the period starting from 2005 were revealed. The topicality of these studies is dictated by the need to determine the impact of shifts in aquatic chemistry on the biotic component of the ecosystem. According to data on the Pantle-Buck saprobity index, there was

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10

Oni, S. K., M. N. Futter, K. Bishop, S. J. Köhler, M. Ottosson-Löfvenius, and H. Laudon. "Long term patterns in dissolved organic carbon, major elements and trace metals in boreal headwater catchments: trends, mechanisms and heterogeneity." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 12 (2012): 19121–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-19121-2012.

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Abstract. The boreal landscape is a complex, spatio-temporally varying mosaic of forest and mire landscape elements that control surface water hydrology and chemistry. Here, we assess long-term water quality time-series from three nested headwater streams draining upland forest (C2), peat/mire (C4) and mixed (C7) (forest and mire) catchments. Temporal trends in weather and runoff (1981–2008); dissolved organic carbon concentration [DOC] (1993–2010) and other water quality parameters (1987–2011) were assessed. There was no significant annual trend in precipitation or runoff but a significant mo

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Neal, C., B. Reynolds, M. Neal, B. Pugh, L. Hill, and H. Wickham. "Long-term changes in the water quality of rainfall, cloud water and stream water for moorland, forested and clear-felled catchments at Plynlimon, mid-Wales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 3 (2001): 459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-459-2001.

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Abstract. Long term changes in the water quality of rainfall, cloud water and stream waters draining acidic and acid sensitive moorland and forested catchments at Plynlimon, mid-Wales, are examined for the period 1983 to 2001. Atmospheric inputs of chloride and sulphate are influenced by the relative inputs of clean maritime and polluted land based air masses. There is no systematic increase or decrease over time for chloride and non-sea-salt sulphate. Rather, there is a decadal scale process possibly representative of the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation that affects the maritime a

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12

Zelenakova, Martina, Pavol Purcz, Radu Daniel Pintilii, et al. "Spatio-temporal Variations in Water Quality Parameter Trends in River Waters." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 10 (2018): 2940–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.10.6659.

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Evaluating trends in water quality indicators is a crucial issue in integrated water resource management in any country. In this study eight chemical and physical water quality indicators were analysed in seven river profiles in the River Laborec in eastern Slovakia. The analysed water quality parameters were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), pH, temperature (t), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), and total phosphorus (TP). Data from the monitored indicators were provided by the Ko�ice branch of the Slovakian Water

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Smalley, Kevin M., Andrew E. Dessler, Slimane Bekki, et al. "Contribution of different processes to changes in tropical lower-stratospheric water vapor in chemistry–climate models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 13 (2017): 8031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8031-2017.

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Abstract. Variations in tropical lower-stratospheric humidity influence both the chemistry and climate of the atmosphere. We analyze tropical lower-stratospheric water vapor in 21st century simulations from 12 state-of-the-art chemistry–climate models (CCMs), using a linear regression model to determine the factors driving the trends and variability. Within CCMs, warming of the troposphere primarily drives the long-term trend in stratospheric humidity. This is partially offset in most CCMs by an increase in the strength of the Brewer–Dobson circulation, which tends to cool the tropical tropopa

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Curl, Jason, A. Randolph Brown, Steve Wait, Ning Dai, and Jonathan Vorheis. "Solving Future Water Challenges: Trends in Water Reuse." Journal - American Water Works Association 111, no. 8 (2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/awwa.1341.

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15

Postnikov, Pavel S., Marina Trusova, Ksenia Kutonova, and Viktor Filimonov. "Arenediazonium salts transformations in water media: Coming round to origins." Resource-Efficient Technologies, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2016/1/37.

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Aromatic diazonium salts belong to an important class of organic compounds. The chemistry of these compounds has been originally developedin aqueous media, but then chemists focused on new synthetic methods that utilize reactions of diazonium salts in organic solvents. However, according to the principles of green chemistry and resource-efficient technologies, the use of organic solvents should be avoided. This review summarizes new trends of diazonium chemistry in aqueous media that satisfy requirements of green chemistry and sustainable technology.

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Davies, J. J. L., A. Jenkins, D. T. Monteith, C. D. Evans, and D. M. Cooper. "Trends in surface water chemistry of acidified UK Freshwaters, 1988–2002." Environmental Pollution 137, no. 1 (2005): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.029.

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McNicol, Donald K., and Mark L. Mallory. "Trends in small lake water chemistry near Sudbury, Canada, 1983?1991." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 73, no. 1 (1994): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00477979.

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18

Hinch, Scott G., Laura J. Kelly, and Roger H. Green. "Morphological variation of Elliptio complanata (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in differing sediments of soft-water lakes exposed to acidic deposition." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (1989): 1895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-271.

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Clam shell morphology was related to lake water chemistry and sediment properties for Elliptio complanata from 40 south central Ontario lakes. Principal component analyses described the major trends in the environmental data. Relationships between shell morphology and the environmental trends were ascertained through a canonical correlation analysis. Thicker shells were related to increasing alkalinity, conductivity, and pH, suggesting that shell formation is favoured in well-buffered habitats that are not affected by acidic deposition. We also determined that narrow shells were related to coa

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19

Hinch, Scott G., and Nicholas C. Collins. "Relationships of Littoral Fish Abundance to Water Chemistry and Macrophyte Variables in Central Ontario Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50, no. 9 (1993): 1870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-209.

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We collected data on the most frequently encountered medium- to large-bodied littoral fishes in two independent sets of central Ontario lakes; the first set (10 lakes) was sampled between 1979 and 1980 and the second (15 lakes) from 1982 to 1988. Empirical models were constructed by correlating the strongest with in-year, among-lake trends in species abundance with the strongest among-lake trends in abiotic variables determined by principal coordinates analyses; indices of nearshore vegetation cover were also used as predictor variables. From 1982 to 1988, variation in abundance of Lepomis (po

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20

Oman, Luke, Darryn W. Waugh, Steven Pawson, Richard S. Stolarski, and J. Eric Nielsen. "Understanding the Changes of Stratospheric Water Vapor in Coupled Chemistry–Climate Model Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 10 (2008): 3278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2696.1.

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Past and future climate simulations from the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry–Climate Model (GEOS CCM), with specified boundary conditions for sea surface temperature, sea ice, and trace gas emissions, have been analyzed to assess trends and possible causes of changes in stratospheric water vapor. The simulated distribution of stratospheric water vapor in the 1990s compares well with observations. Changes in the cold point temperatures near the tropical tropopause can explain differences in entry stratospheric water vapor. The average saturation mixing ratio of a 20° latitude by 15° lo

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21

Ivshin, V. A. "Water temperature trends in the bottom layer of the Barents Sea in the summer season for the period 2004–2019." Trudy VNIRO 187 (June 21, 2022): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2022-187-149-160.

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The aim: to determine the areas in the Barents Sea where the most significant changes in water temperature in the bottom layer occured over the last 15 years. Methods used: analysis of time series of water temperature in the bottom layer to identify trends in their structure, at grid nodes with steps of 10’ in latitude and 30’ in longitude; calculation of correlations with hydrometeorological parameters. Novelty: аreas with significant trends in water temperature in the bottom layer of the Barents Sea were identified on the basis of observations for 2004–2019, and trend coefficients were calcu

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Lynggaard-Jensen, Anders. "Trends in monitoring of waste water systems." Talanta 50, no. 4 (1999): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(99)00197-6.

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23

Rogora, M., A. Marchetto, and R. Mosello. "Trends in the chemistry of atmospheric deposition and surface waters in the Lake Maggiore catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 3 (2001): 379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-379-2001.

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Abstract. The Lake Maggiore catchment is the area of Italy most affected by acid deposition. Trend analysis was performed on long-term (15-30 years) series of chemical analyses of atmospheric deposition, four small rivers draining forested catchments and four high mountain lakes. An improvement in the quality of atmospheric deposition was detected, due to decreasing sulphate concentration and increasing pH. Similar trends were also found in high mountain lakes and in small rivers. Atmospheric deposition, however, is still providing a large and steady flux of nitrogen compounds (nitrate and amm

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Arber, Richard P., Jeptha A. Wade, Everard A. Joering, and William F. Haney. "Trends in Privatization of Water Utilities." Journal - American Water Works Association 79, no. 11 (1987): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1987.tb02935.x.

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Ibañez, Humberto C., Viviane S. Melanda, Viviane K. Q. Gerber, et al. "Spatial trends in congenital malformations and stream water chemistry in Southern Brazil." Science of The Total Environment 650 (February 2019): 1278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.061.

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Streb, Carsten. "New trends in polyoxometalate photoredox chemistry: From photosensitisation to water oxidation catalysis." Dalton Trans. 41, no. 6 (2012): 1651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1dt11220a.

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27

Piers, Warren E. "ChemInform Abstract: Future Trends in Organometallic Chemistry: Organometallic Approaches to Water Splitting." ChemInform 42, no. 17 (2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201117215.

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Małecki, Jerzy J., Marek Matyjasik, Ewa Krogulec, and Dorota Porowska. "Long-term trends and factors influencing rainwater chemistry in the Tatra Mountains, Poland." Geology, Geophysics and Environment 48, no. 1 (2022): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geol.2022.48.1.19.

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The results of rainwater chemistry monitoring in the Tatra Mountains, Poland, during the periods1993–1994 and 2002–2019 were used to determine long-term trends and the factors influencing rainwater chemistry in the last two decades. In the early 1990’s, the study area was characterized by prominent acid rains with a pH of 4.4 that affected surface water, meadows, and forest ecosystems. A rising pH temporal trend has been observed during the following years, indicating improving air quality. This trend has also been observed in measured ionic concentrations and reduced wet deposition loads of s

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Grygalashvyly, M., G. R. Sonnemann, and P. Hartogh. "Long-term trends of the concentration of the minor constituents in the mesosphere – a model study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 6 (2007): 15453–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-15453-2007.

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Abstract. We investigate the influence of the rising concentrations of methane, dinitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide since the pre-industrial era upon the chemistry of the mesosphere. We use for calculations our global 3D-model COMMA-IAP designed for the exploration of the MLT-region and particularly the extended mesopause region. In order to get approximated data of the solar Lyman-α flux back to the pre-industrial time, we derived a quadratic fit using the sunspot number available since 1749 as the only solar proxy for the Lyman-α flux before 1947. The Lyman-α flux values are employed to dete

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Oni, S. K., M. N. Futter, K. Bishop, S. J. Köhler, M. Ottosson-Löfvenius, and H. Laudon. "Long-term patterns in dissolved organic carbon, major elements and trace metals in boreal headwater catchments: trends, mechanisms and heterogeneity." Biogeosciences 10, no. 4 (2013): 2315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2315-2013.

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Abstract. The boreal landscape is a complex, spatio-temporally varying mosaic of forest and mire landscape elements that control surface water hydrology and chemistry. Here, we assess long-term water quality time series from three nested headwater streams draining upland forest (C2), peat/mire (C4) and mixed (C7) (forest and mire) catchments. Acid deposition in this region is low and is further declining. Temporal trends in weather and runoff (1981–2008), dissolved organic carbon concentration [DOC] (1993–2010) and other water quality parameters (1987–2011) were assessed. There was no signific

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31

Lee, Sungyun, and Soyoung Shin. "An Analysis of Research Trends on Drinkable Spring Water." Jeju National University Tourism, Business, and Economic Research Institute 43, no. 2 (2023): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24907/jtir.2023.43.2.111.

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The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends related to drinking spring water and bottled water in this study and to suggest an expanded interpretation and direction for future research. 695 papers to be analyzed were collected by the Academic Research Information Service (RISS) with the keywords of drinking spring water and bottled water, and 117 final analysis papers were selected. For this, the publication status, research field, and research topic of drinking spring water research by year were analyzed. As a result of analyzing the research trend, it was confirmed that the

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Hagemann, Mark, and Mi-Hyun Park. "Trends in tributary water quality in a water supply reservoir." Journal - American Water Works Association 106, no. 4 (2014): E212—E224. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0020.

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Brooks, Rich. "“IC Packaging Trends Causing Concerns in Complete Flux Removal”." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2011, no. 1 (2011): 000971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2011-tha3-paper3.

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The complete cleaning and removal of flux / soil residues under low profile components (especially flip-chip devices) are becoming more critical, especially as the conductor spacing’s decreases and the power increases. The reliability of the circuit can be greatly affected when residues are not completely removed. Flip chip bump pitch and die size push packaging trends resulting in tighter and smaller spaces underneath the devices. A majority of flip-chip assemblers are using water soluble fluxes and they typically use only DI water to remove the flux residues. Because of the tighter spaces an

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Ramstack, Joy M., Sherilyn C. Fritz, and Daniel R. Engstrom. "Twentieth century water quality trends in Minnesota lakes compared with presettlement variability." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 4 (2004): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-015.

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A diatom-based transfer function was used to reconstruct water chemistry before European settlement in 55 Minnesota lakes. The lakes span three natural ecoregions, which differ in their history of land use, as well as in surficial geology, climate, and vegetation. Postsettlement trends were compared with water chemistry change reconstructed from two presettlement core sections (circa 1750 and 1800) as a measure of natural variability. Presettlement water quality changes were generally small and nondirectional in all three ecoregions. In contrast, half of the urban lakes showed a statistically

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van der Donck, Jacques C. J., Jurrian Bakker, Jeroen A. Smeltink, Robin B. J. Kolderweij, Ben C. M. B. van der Zon, and Marc H. van Kleef. "Physical Chemistry of Water Droplets in Wafer Cleaning with Low Water Use." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.134.

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Reduction of water and energy consumption is of importance for keeping viable industry in Europe. In 2012 the Eniac project Silver was started in order to reduce water and energy consumption in the semiconductor industry by 10% [1]. Cleaning of wafers is one of the key process steps that require a high volume of Ultra-Pure Water (UPW). For the production of a single wafer more than 120 cleaning steps may be required [2]. Furthermore, the reduction of the feature size makes devices more vulnerable to damage by mechanical action. This trend gives rise to the need for new, gentler cleaning proces

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Banks, David, Neil Burnside, Rob Westaway, Günter Zimmermann, and Hannes Hofmann. "Exponential trends in flowback chemistry from a hydraulically stimulated deep geothermal borehole in granite; Pohang, South Korea." E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199808001.

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Samples of flowback water from a 4.3 km deep geothermal borehole in granite (Pohang, South Korea) were collected following a period of hydraulic stimulation by injection of surface water. Electrical conductivity, temperature and water chemistry of the flowback water were measured. To a first approximation, the data conform closely to a simple ‘mixing tank’ model, with an exponential trend between two end members: an initial injected surface water to a more brackish ‘resident groundwater’ composition. Significant deviation from the ‘mixing tank’ trend would be an indication of significant recen

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Terrell, Julia B., David L. Watson, Mark V. Hoyer, Michael S. Allen, and Daniel E. Canfield. "Temporal Water Chemistry Trends (1967–1997) for a Sample (127) of Florida Waterbodies." Lake and Reservoir Management 16, no. 3 (2000): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438140009353962.

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Woodward, Simon J. R., and Roland Stenger. "Extension of Bayesian chemistry-assisted hydrograph separation to reveal water quality trends (BACH2)." Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 34, no. 12 (2020): 2053–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01860-7.

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Ololade, Issac, Labunmi Lajide, and Isiaka Amoo. "Spatial trends of petroleum hydrocarbons in water and sediments." Open Chemistry 7, no. 1 (2009): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0086-4.

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AbstractSeasonal changes in petroleum hydrocarbons in water and streambed sediment from selected oil-related areas of Ondo State, Nigeria have been examined using gravimetric and infrared methods. The highest and lowest total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations (TPH) in water (sediments in brackets) gravimetrically were 3.49 mg L−1 (199.3) mg kg−1 and 0.003 mg L−1 (81.0) mg kg−1 while the concentrations found by IR were 24.0 mg L−1 (135.0 mg kg−1) and 14.0 mg L−1 (33.0 mg kg−1) respectively. The two seasons were positively correlated (α = 0.01) by both methods. The TPH level was well correlat

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Silva, E. I. L. "Quality of Irrigation Water in Sri Lanka – Status and Trends." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 1, no. 1-2 (2004): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw-2004-1_1-2_03.

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Already available and newly collected data sets on water chemistry of twenty reservoirs located in seven river basins in Sri Lanka were analyzed to determine the status and trends in irrigation related water quality characteristics. pH of irrigation water varied within a wide range but the upper limit did not exceed the proposed level suitable for irrigation water. Salinity was found beyond the threshold level (1.250 g l $^{-1}$ ) only in two reservoirs located downstream of the Malwathu Oya basin and the electrical conductivity had never reached above 1 mS cm $^{-1}$ . Sodium absorption ratio

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Borg, H., and M. Sundbom. "Long-term trends of water chemistry in mountain streams in Sweden – slow recovery from acidification." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 12849–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-12849-2013.

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Abstract. The water chemistry of streams and precipitation in the province of Jämtland, northern Sweden has been monitored since the 1980s to study long-term trends, occurrence of acid episodes, and effects of liming. The acidity and sulphur in precipitation increased in the 1970s, followed by a loss of ANC and low pH in the streams. Sulphur deposition begun to decrease in the 1980s, until approximately 2000, after which the decrease levelled out. The stream water sulphate followed the precipitation trend but decreased more slowly and since the late 1990s a subtle increase was observed. The su

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Howden, Nicholas J. K., Tim P. Burt, Fred Worrall, and Michael J. Whelan. "Monitoring fluvial water chemistry for trend detection: hydrological variability masks trends in datasets covering fewer than 12 years." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 13, no. 3 (2011): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0em00722f.

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Harriman, R., A. W. Watt, A. E. G. Christie, et al. "Interpretation of trends in acidic deposition and surface water chemistry in Scotland during the past three decades." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 3 (2001): 407–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-407-2001.

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Abstract. Trends in major ionic components of bulk precipitation were analysed for two sites, Faskally and Loch Ard forest in Scotland, for the period 1972-2000. The pattern of change was not linear. Large reductions in sulphur deposition occurred in the early 1980s and, to a lesser extent, during 1995-2000, with a period of relative stability between 1988-95. pH increased significantly at both sites but nitrate and ammonia only increased significantly at Loch Ard forest. Long-term chemical data from a total of 37 streams and lochs in four selected regions of Scotland were analysed over three

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Cresser, Malcolm S., Kenneth B. Pugh, and Anthony C. Edwards. "Soils and surface water quality in northeastern Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 78, no. 4 (1987): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300011342.

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ABSTRACTThe nature of soil-water interactions is discussed in the context of both soil formation and drainage water chemistry. The interacting factors regulating drainage water chemistry are then briefly considered, including soil type and parent material, soil atmosphere CO2 concentration, hydrological pathways, soluble salts, topography, climate and biotic effects. Based upon these factors, some sites in NE Scotland thought to be highly susceptible to water acidification are examined, and the low pH of their waters is confirmed. The acidity trends of two superficially similar streams apparen

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Borg, H., and M. Sundbom. "Long-term trends of water chemistry in mountain streams in Sweden – slow recovery from acidification." Biogeosciences 11, no. 1 (2014): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-173-2014.

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Abstract. The water chemistry of streams and precipitation in the province of Jämtland, northern Sweden has been monitored since the 1980s to study long-term trends, occurrence of acid episodes, and effects of liming. The acidity in precipitation increased in the 1970s, followed by a loss of acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and low pH in the streams. Sulfur deposition began to decrease in the 1980s, until approximately 2000, after which the decrease levelled out. Stream water sulfate concentration followed the precipitation trend but decreased more slowly and since the late 1990s a subtle incr

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Savastano, M., C. Bazzicalupi, C. García-Gallarín, et al. "Halide and hydroxide anion binding in water." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 10 (2018): 3329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04430e.

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PRUSZYNSKI, PRZEMYSLAW, LEBO XU, and PETER W. HART. "Water chemistry challenges in pulping and papermaking – fundamentals and practical insights: Part 1: Water chemistry fundamentals and pH." June 2022 21, no. 6 (2022): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj21.6.313.

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Water is an essential component of the papermaking process. Nevertheless, papermakers often overlook its importance compared to fibers and chemical additives. A better understanding of water properties and chemical interactions associated with water at the wet end leads to a sound foundation for high-quality paper production and smooth operation. Not all fresh water and process water is the same. Fresh water varies from mill to mill, primarily due to the location and availability of water sources. Some industrial trends, such as enhancing water conservation and production yield, gradually shif

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Fatima, Zakia, Xiangzi Jin, Yilin Zou, Han Yeong Kaw, Maurizio Quinto, and Donghao Li. "Recent trends in analytical methods for water-soluble vitamins." Journal of Chromatography A 1606 (November 2019): 360245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.025.

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Hautot, Sophie, Pascal Tarits, Frédéric Perrier, Corinne Tarits, and Michael Trique. "Groundwater electromagnetic imaging in complex geological and topographical regions: A case study of a tectonic boundary in the French Alps." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 4 (2002): 1048–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1500365.

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Very‐low‐frequency (VLF), audiomagnetotelluric (AMT), and water geochemistry surveys were performed on the Sur‐Frêtes Ridge in the French Alps to evaluate the groundwater circulation system within the ridge. At this site, temporal variations of the electric field have been observed in association with water‐level variations of neighboring artificial lakes. The Sur‐Frêtes Ridge is 1 km wide and trends east–west. Water samples were collected at 52 points distributed throughout the area. VLF soundings were carried out along three parallel east–west profiles, and 7 AMT soundings were carried out a

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NASIM, ALI, ADHIKARI M., S. BANDYOPADHYAY (MISS), and K. SANYAL S. "Thermal Diffusion of Water in Clays." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Jan 1985 (1985): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6302349.

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University College of Agriculture, Calcutta University, Calcutta-700 019 Department of Chemistry, Presidency. College, Calcutta-700 073 <em>Manuscript received 25 February 1983, revised 15 February 1984, accepted 8 November 1984</em> Thermal diffusion of water in sodium bentonite and kaolinite has been studied, and the results interpreted in terms of the theories of irreversible thermodynamics. The role of heat of transport in characterising the clay-water interactions, as emphasised elsewhere, has been highlighted, and its variations with the nature of the clay, as well as its moisture c

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