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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Triads (Gangs)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Triads (Gangs)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Triads (Gangs)"

1

Chui, Wing Hong, and Paul Vinod Khiatani. "Delinquency Among Members of Hong Kong Youth Street Gangs: The Role of the Organizational Structures of Gangs and Triad Affiliations." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 2527–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17730616.

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This study explores the importance of organizational structures and formal affiliations with the Hong Kong triads to delinquency among youth street gang members in Hong Kong. More specifically, this study examines the relative importance of the number of organizational structures and triad affiliation to patterns of delinquency in a sample of active members of youth street gangs ( N = 201). With the aid of outreach social workers, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit a gender-balanced sample of at-risk youths. Logistic regression analysis of the survey data that was gathered indicated that formal affiliation to Hong Kong triads and the presence of organizational structures significantly increased the odds of delinquency (independently of each other). Suggestions for future research on gang membership and delinquency, with particular reference to the Asian context, are provided.

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Bichler, Gisela, Alexis Norris, and Citlalik Ibarra. "Evolving Patterns of Aggression: Investigating the Structure of Gang Violence during the Era of Civil Gang Injunctions." Social Sciences 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9110203.

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Mapping the structural characteristics of attack behavior, this study explores how violent conflict evolved with the implementation of civil gang injunctions (CGIs). Networks were generated by linking defendants and victims named in 963 prosecutions involving street gangs active in the City of Los Angeles (1998–2013). Aggregating directed ties to 318 groups associated with the combatants, we compare four observations that correspond with distinct phases of CGI implementation—development (1998–2001), assent (2002–2005), maturity (2006–2009), and saturation (2010–2013). Using a triad census to calculate a ratio of simple patterns (retaliation, directed lines, and out-stars) to complex three-way interactions, we observed that CGIs were associated with a substantive thickening of conflict—greater complexity was found in conflict relations over time. Dissecting the nature of change, stochastic actor-oriented models (SAOMs) show that enjoined gangs are more likely to initiate transitive closure. The findings suggest that crime control efforts must make regular adjustments in response to the evolving structure of gang interactions.

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Lo, T. Wing, and H. L. Tam. "Working With Chinese Triad Youth Gangs: Correct Diagnosis and Strategic Intervention." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 12 (February 2, 2018): 3708–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18755482.

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Across the world, youth workers have been active in helping vulnerable youth groups. In Hong Kong, government-funded youth services are conducted by professional social workers to help vulnerable youths. This article adopted a case study approach to investigate a youth group who committed a murder. Nine murderers and two social workers were interviewed. It aims to uncover the structure and activities of the group and analyse the gang intervention prior to the murder to find out what had gone wrong and identify the lessons that social workers can learn from the murder. Four misconceptions in gang intervention have been identified. First, because of the Triad (Chinese-organised crime) affiliation, this is not just a group of deviant youths but a youth gang. Second, because it is a gang, the social workers should not group them but should instead degroup them to avoid contamination. Third, diagnosis is different from labelling. With the right diagnosis, services can be tailor-made to delabel them. Fourth, when the youths are diagnosed as a gang, outreach work instead of centre work should be provided—social workers should reach out to the gangland to uncover the youths’ gang participation and crime involvement.

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Morla, Shravan. "Glycosaminoglycans and Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics in Cancer and Inflammation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (April 22, 2019): 1963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081963.

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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of biomolecules expressed virtually on all mammalian cells and usually covalently attached to proteins, forming proteoglycans. They are present not only on the cell surface, but also in the intracellular milieu and extracellular matrix. GAGs interact with multiple ligands, both soluble and insoluble, and modulate an important role in various physiological and pathological processes including cancer, bacterial and viral infections, inflammation, Alzheimer’s disease, and many more. Considering their involvement in multiple diseases, their use in the development of drugs has been of significant interest in both academia and industry. Many GAG-based drugs are being developed with encouraging results in animal models and clinical trials, showcasing their potential for development as therapeutics. In this review, the role GAGs play in both the development and inhibition of cancer and inflammation is presented. Further, advancements in the development of GAGs and their mimetics as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agents are discussed.

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Ago, Yasuhiko, Estera Rintz, Krishna Musini, Zhengyu Ma, and Shunji Tomatsu. "Molecular Mechanisms in Pathophysiology of Mucopolysaccharidosis and Prospects for Innovative Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 2 (January 17, 2024): 1113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021113.

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Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of inborn errors of the metabolism caused by a deficiency in the lysosomal enzymes required to break down molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These GAGs accumulate over time in various tissues and disrupt multiple biological systems, including catabolism of other substances, autophagy, and mitochondrial function. These pathological changes ultimately increase oxidative stress and activate innate immunity and inflammation. We have described the pathophysiology of MPS and activated inflammation in this paper, starting with accumulating the primary storage materials, GAGs. At the initial stage of GAG accumulation, affected tissues/cells are reversibly affected but progress irreversibly to: (1) disruption of substrate degradation with pathogenic changes in lysosomal function, (2) cellular dysfunction, secondary/tertiary accumulation (toxins such as GM2 or GM3 ganglioside, etc.), and inflammatory process, and (3) progressive tissue/organ damage and cell death (e.g., skeletal dysplasia, CNS impairment, etc.). For current and future treatment, several potential treatments for MPS that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier and bone have been proposed and/or are in clinical trials, including targeting peptides and molecular Trojan horses such as monoclonal antibodies attached to enzymes via receptor-mediated transport. Gene therapy trials with AAV, ex vivo LV, and Sleeping Beauty transposon system for MPS are proposed and/or underway as innovative therapeutic options. In addition, possible immunomodulatory reagents that can suppress MPS symptoms have been summarized in this review.

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K.K, MATHAN. "Impact of biological wastes on soil physical properties and yield of maize and finger millet." Madras Agricultural Journal 87, December (2000): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00522.

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Two field trials were conducted in red sandy loam soils with finger millet (Eleusine corecana Geartn. var. Co 10) and maize (Zea mays var. Ganga-1) as test crops to evaluate the influence of biological wastes on the soil physical properties and the yield of crops. The biological wastes tried were maize straw, pig manure, municipal compost, sugarcane bagasse and groundnut husk applied at 20 t ha'. In both the trials, organic wastes application increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability significantly. Significantly higher grain and straw yield over control obtained in pig manure and municipal compost treated plots

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Lamotte, Martin. "Los Ñetas en quête de transformation ?" Swiss Journal of Sociocultural Anthropology 29, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/sjsca.2023.29.8901.

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Belonging to the gang Los Ñetas, it is in part observing a certain number of rules which are transcribed in the Liderato, the book of the Ñetas. These rules are accompanied of trials procedure, the mesas disciplinarias, and of sanctions for those transgressing them. Yet, while Ñetas have developed a complex legal order to resolve internal conflicts, trials are little used. Is the Ñetas rules little applied, or little effective? What is the nature of these rules? Can we speak of Ñetas Law? And what is its role, if it is not used in cases of conflict?

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Krieger, Joshua L. "Trials and Terminations: Learning from Competitors’ R&D Failures." Management Science 67, no. 9 (September 2021): 5525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3775.

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I analyze project continuation decisions where firms may resolve uncertainty through news about competitors’ research and development (R&D) failures, as well as through their own results. I examine the tradeoffs and interactions between product-market competition and technological learning from parallel R&D projects. Leveraging the biopharmaceutical industry’s unique characteristics to overcome barriers to measuring project-level responses, I use a difference-in-differences strategy to evaluate how competitor exit news alters a firm’s own project discontinuation decisions. The findings reveal that technological learning dominates competition effects. Firms are most sensitive to competitor failure news from within the same market and same technology area—more than doubling their propensity to terminate drug development projects in the wake of this type of information. Finally, I explore how levels of competition, uncertainty, and opportunities to learn moderate the response to competitor failure news. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

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Michelutti, Luca, Alessandro Tel, Marco Zeppieri, Tamara Ius, Edoardo Agosti, Salvatore Sembronio, and Massimo Robiony. "Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in the Field of Head and Neck Surgery: Current Evidence and Prospects for the Future—A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 12 (June 18, 2024): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123556.

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Background: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are a class of artificial neural networks capable of generating content such as images, text, and sound. For several years already, artificial intelligence algorithms have shown promise as tools in the medical field, particularly in oncology. Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) represent a new frontier of innovation, as they are revolutionizing artificial content generation, opening opportunities in artificial intelligence and deep learning. Purpose: This systematic review aims to investigate what the stage of development of such technology is in the field of head and neck surgery, offering a general overview of the applications of such algorithms, how they work, and the potential limitations to be overcome in the future. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in conducting this study, and the PICOS framework was used to formulate the research question. The following databases were evaluated: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL. Results: Out of 700 studies, only 9 were included. Eight applications of GANs in the head and neck region were summarized, including the classification of craniosynostosis, recognition of the presence of chronic sinusitis, diagnosis of radicular cysts in panoramic X-rays, segmentation of craniomaxillofacial bones, reconstruction of bone defects, removal of metal artifacts from CT scans, prediction of the postoperative face, and improvement of the resolution of panoramic X-rays. Conclusions: Generative Adversarial Networks may represent a new evolutionary step in the study of pathology, oncological and otherwise, making the approach to the disease much more precise and personalized.

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McAvoy, Theodore, Joshua H. Freeman, Steven L. Rideout, Stephen M. Olson, and Mathews L. Paret. "Evaluation of Grafting Using Hybrid Rootstocks for Management of Bacterial Wilt in Field Tomato Production." HortScience 47, no. 5 (May 2012): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.5.621.

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Seven hybrid tomato rootstocks with possible resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and a known resistant cultivar were tested as grafting rootstocks to impart resistance to a bacterial wilt-susceptible cultivar, BHN 602. Greenhouse studies showed resistance of all the rootstocks to bacterial wilt. The disease incidence and yield of ‘BHN 602’ grafted to these rootstocks were evaluated in open-field tomato production in Florida and Virginia over four seasons. Significant differences in bacterial wilt incidence were observed between grafted entries in three of the four trials. In these three trials, grafted entries consistently exhibited the least bacterial wilt incidence compared with the controls; the self-graft, and non-grafted entries. Over all the trials, tomato plants grafted onto ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘BHN 1054’, and ‘BHN 998’ displayed the least bacterial wilt incidence. Rootstocks had a significant effect on total marketable yield in all the trials with certain grafted entries yielding significantly greater than non-grafted ‘BHN 602’. Field studies show that grafting holds promise for decreasing the impact of bacterial wilt on tomato cultivars as well as increasing the overall productivity of tomato cultivars.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Triads (Gangs)"

1

Ip, pau-fuk Peter. "The sociolinguistics of triad language in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20842739.

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Ng, Chun-lim. "Leaving the triad society in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38927950.

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Ip, pau-fuk Peter, and 葉包福. "The sociolinguistics of triad language in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31220940.

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Wong, Kwok-kit. "Triad involvement in interior decoration business in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22030566.

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Craig, Mark. "The Chinese underworld : a revisionist perspective /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16442.pdf.

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Ng, Chun-lim, and 伍俊廉. "Leaving the triad society in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38927950.

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Wong, Kwok-kit, and 黃國傑. "Triad involvement in interior decoration business in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979117.

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Leung, Chun-ping Tony. "How school social workers define the problem and their roles in managing the problem : pupils' involvement in triad activities /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781200.

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Leung, Chun-ping Tony, and 梁振萍. "How school social workers define the problem and their roles in managing the problem: pupils' involvement intriad activities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197773X.

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Lee, King-wa, and 李勁華. "Triad related homicide in Hong Kong: 1989-1998." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014887.

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Books on the topic "Triads (Gangs)"

1

Terry, Gould. Paper Fan: The hunt for triad gangster Steven Wong. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2004.

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2

Martin, Booth. The dragon syndicates: The global phenomenon of the triads. London: Bantam Books, 2000.

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Booth, Martin. The triads: The Chinese criminal fraternity. London: Grafton, 1990.

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Faligot, Roger. L' empire invisible: Les mafias chinoises. Arles: Editions P. Picquier, 1996.

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Booth, Martin. The dragon syndicates: The global phenomenon of the Triads. London: Bantam, 2000.

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Martin, Booth. The triads: The growing global threat from the Chinese criminal societies. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.

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7

Black, David. Triad takeover: A terrifying account of the spread of triad crime in the West. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1991.

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8

Haar, B. J. ter. Ritual and mythology of the Chinese triads: Creating an identity. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

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9

Huston, Peter. Tongs, gangs, and triads: Chinese crime groups in North America. Boulder, Colo: Paladin Press, 1995.

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10

Chu, Yiu-Kong. International triad movements: The threat of Chinese organised crime. [London]: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Triads (Gangs)"

1

Huey, Stanley J., Gabrielle Lewine, and Miriam Rubenson. "A Brief Review and Meta-Analysis of Gang Intervention Trials in North America." In Gang Transitions and Transformations in an International Context, 217–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29602-9_12.

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Lazaridis, Georgios, Marco Lorenzi, Sebastien Ourselin, and David Garway-Heath. "Enhancing OCT Signal by Fusion of GANs: Improving Statistical Power of Glaucoma Clinical Trials." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32239-7_1.

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Varese, Federico. "The Future of the Mafias? Foreign Triads in China." In Mafias on the Move. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128559.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the movement of Hong Kong and Taiwanese triads to mainland China. It argues that the members and bosses of foreign triads are present on the mainland, but have not yet emerged as a viable mafia supplying private protection. As in the case of Bardonecchia and Rome, mafiosi did not decide to migrate out of their own free will. Their presence in the new territory is the unintended consequence of police action in their country of origin. Once they found themselves on the mainland, they quickly realized that the new China offered many opportunities to invest some of their gangs' funds, but they have so far failed to establish themselves as viable protectors for legal entrepreneurs.

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Chi Man, Kwong. "Life for Service Personnel in Cold War Hong Kong, 1946–1997." In Hongkongers in the British Armed Forces, 1860-1997, 199–231. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845740.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the life of soldiering in Cold War Hong Kong, discussing issues such as the source of recruitment, training, and terms of service. In particular, the issue of loyalty among the Hong Kong servicemen and the ways employed by the British to maintain it are discussed in detail. It points out that while the Hong Kong servicemen gradually achieved equality with their British colleagues, the British had always been careful in preventing the ranks of the Hong Kong servicemen from the infiltration of the Chinese Communists, Nationalists, and the triads (Chinese organised criminal gangs). The chapter then describes the experiences of the Hong Kong servicemen from the Korean War to the peacekeeping mission to Cyprus in 1993.

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"The ‘Sydney gang rape’ trials." In Racialised Gang Rape and the Reinforcement of Dominant Order, 22–44. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315580548-8.

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Bellapukonda, Padma, Sathiya Ayyadurai, Mohsina Mirza, and Sangeetha Subramaniam. "Enhancing Network Analysis Through Computational Intelligence in GANs." In Enhancing Security in Public Spaces Through Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), 193–205. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3597-0.ch014.

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In the discipline of allowsrative artificial intelligence, generative adversarial networks have become an effective tool that allow for the creation, modification, and synthesis of extremely realistic content in a variety of domains. This chapter focuses on applying computational intelligence techniques to improve network analysis in GANs. The authors examine the research on GANs' uses in radiology, emphasizing their potential for diagnosis and image enhancement in healthcare. Next, we investigate the application of computational intelligence techniques, like Wasserstein GANs and recurrent neural networks, to enhance training stability and produce higher-quality generated data. In order to increase the accuracy of the generated data even further, they also look into adding other features made with the Fourier transform and ARIMA. Trials show that the information produced by these upgraded GANs can be efficiently used for training energy forecasting models.

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de Sade, Marquis. "Chapter IX." In The Marquise de Gange. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198848288.003.0010.

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The day after Madame de Gange’s arrival in Avignon, the three brothers went to pay her a first visit. The Marquis conducted himself marvellously well: self-interest, at this point, spoke to him more loudly than any other feelings he harboured in his heart. ‘A thousand of the most sincere apologies, Madame,’ said Alphonse, ‘if all that the violence of my love has brought you is misfortune. How is one to guard against jealousy when one is in love with someone of such beauty? We were deceived by the tricks, the ruses, of a hothead whom I can only despise even as I remember him now, for he is the one I hold responsible for all my injustices towards you. Is it too much to hope that my remorse might in time efface my wrongs?’

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ling, P. J. "A White Woman’s Word: The Scottsboro Case(1931)." In Race On Trial, 118–38. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122794.003.0008.

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Abstract The case hinged on the word of two women against that of nine youths. The women were white, the defendants black, and the charge was rape. To a succession of Alabama juries between 1931 and 1937, race was the crux. Even when one of the women admitted that she had lied, even when the medical evidence was clearly inconsistent with the allegations of gang rape, even though two of the accused were barely thirteen, another was virtually blind, and a fourth was so infected with venereal disease that any intercourse would have been acutely painful, the verdict was always guilty.

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"17. Guns, Gangs, And The Underclass Revisited: An Analysis Of Courtroom Coverage From The Jordan Manners Trials." In Covering Canadian Crime, 275–97. University of Toronto Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442631021-019.

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Henderson, John. "Surviving Plague." In Florence Under Siege, 229–76. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300196344.003.0008.

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This chapter assesses the everyday life of the inhabitants who remained in the city, not having been taken off to a Lazaretto or to a quarantine centre. It provides a more nuanced picture of the identity and reactions of the poorer levels of society through a discussion of how the criminal justice system in Florence worked in practice. These records reveal that many prosecutions were of individuals and families who had adopted strategies to survive. Trials, interviews, and witness statements reflect the personal experience of how the city's population dealt with being shut up at home, leading to isolation and deprival of their normal means of support as families were split up and economic activities were banned. Court records reflect not just an extraordinary amount of social activity, despite the imposition of measures of social and sanitary control, as people escaped from locked-up houses, climbed over roofs to visit family, friends, or prostitutes, and tried to carry on their normal trades to help starving families. If economic hardship formed a major motive for people breaking out of and into houses, there were also organised gangs who exploited the crisis and conducted criminal activities, which led to the theft of valuables from locked houses and isolation and quarantine centres.

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Conference papers on the topic "Triads (Gangs)"

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Rochana, B. Sheryl, and Sujitha Juliet. "Virtual Dress Trials: Leveraging GANs for Realistic Clothing Simulation." In 2024 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence For Internet of Things (AIIoT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiiot58432.2024.10574621.

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Vesely, Ivan, J. Edward Barber, W. John Mako, and Norman B. Ratliff. "Towards a Mechanism for Bioprosthetic Valve Failure." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2513.

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Abstract Porcine bioprosthetic valves are commonly used to replace the native cardiac valves when they become diseased and dysfunctional. One class of bioprosthesis consists of whole pig aortic valves, tanned in glutaraldehyde and mounted on plastic or wire frames. These devices work very well in the short term (< 5 years) but eventually begin to fail gradually and typically do not last more than 15 years [1]. Many have tried to elucidate a mechanism of bioprosthetic valve failure, but little progress has been made, until recently. Historically, calcification has been thought to be the primary mechanism of bioprosthetic valve failure [2]. Recently, however, it has become recognized that mechanical damage to bioprosthetic valves can occur independently from calcification [3]. This shift in opinion has been supported by a number of observations. For example, Purinya et. al. [4] have shown that after four years of implantation, bioprosthetic valve explants have lower failure stresses and fail at greater strains than fresh porcine bioprostheses. Similar observations have been made in valves fatigued in vitro [5]. Others have shown that these mechanical changes are accompanied by biochemical changes in the collagen fibers [6]. We have shown previously in preliminary studies that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are lost from implanted bioprosthetic valves [7]. Since GAGs are responsible for maintaining tissue viscoelasticity, loss of GAGs would have detrimental effects on tissue mechanics. In separate studies, we have demonstrated that damage to elastin can also have detrimental effects on tissue mechanics, and on valve durability as a whole [8].

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Alves, Regina, Frederico Tavares, José Manoel Seixas, Otto Nascimento, João Victor Pinto, and Anete Trajman. "Continual learning in chest radiographs of active tuberculosis and pneumonia using images generated by adversarial networks." In Congresso Brasileiro de Inteligência Computacional. SBIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21528/cbic2023-133.

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Lower respiratory infections, including tuberculosis (TB) and pneumonia, rank among the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. Chest radiographs (CXRs) are recommended as a screening and triage tool and computer-aided detection (CAD) softwares are an alternative to analyzing CXR. Continual learning (CL) is an option to obtain models that can identify multiple diseases by continuously learning a diverse range of radiological signs associated with each disease. In this work, we tested a CL model, Learning Without Forgetting, in learning pneumonia and TB detection using synthetic images of TB to enlarge the dataset, produced by two different Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and incorporated in the training process using different approaches. After learning TB detection, the models performance in pneumonia detection has improved. Also, a potential improvement in TB detection was observed when synthetic data was used to fine tune the fully-connected layers of the model.

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Schick, B. P., C. J. Walsh, and T. Jenkins-West. "CHANGES IN PROTEOGLYCAN AND SULFATED PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644620.

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We investigated changes in sulfated proteoglycan (PG) and sulfated protein synthesis during megakaryocyte (MK) maturation in vivo by characterizing the (35S)-labeled molecules in MKs and platelets (PLTs) obtained daily from 3 hr to 5 days after injection of guinea pigs with (35S)sulfate. Radioactivity in macromolecules was maximal in MKs 3 hr and in PLTs 3 days after the injection. The cells were solubilized in 8M urea/50mM Tris/0.2% Triton X-100/0.1M NaCl, and PGs and sulfoproteins were separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. PGs (65% of cell 35s) were eluted as two fractions, one (PG-1, 87%) with 4M Gdn HC1 and another (PG-2, 13%) with 4M Gdn HCl/2% TX-100. The Kav of PLT PG-1 on Sepharose CL-6B shifted gradually from 0.18 to 0.10 from 1-5 days after (35S) injection, and the smaller and larger PG-1 species were resolved on SDS-PAGE by fluorography. The size of PG-1 molecules was a function of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chain length. The appearance of the different size PG-1 molecules in PLTs was accounted for by their disappearance from MKs over the same time period. Thus the size of the PG-1 synthesized by MKs decreased with MK maturation. The (35S)-PG-2 appeared in PLTs only 2-3 days after (35S) injection, had Kav 0.07 on CL-6B, but had GAGs of the same average size as those of PG-1. The hydrophobic character of PG-2 suggests that it might be the membrane PG. PG-1 and PG-2 were separated by SDS-PAGE and identified by fluorography. The core proteins of PG-1 and PG-2 were obtained by chondroitinase digestion and identified by SDS-PAGE and fluorography. The GAGs of PG-1 and PG-2 were almost entirely chondroitin-6-sulfate. The average size of PG-1 was 200,000 and its GAGs about 45,000.The sulfated proteins (20-25% of total cell 35S) eluted in the wash-through of the DEAE-Sephacel column and with 0.23M NaCl. Their isoelectric points were 4.0-6.5. They eluted as a small peak near the V0 and a major broad peak from Kav 0.3-0.6 on CL-6B columns, and could be identified as at least 8 distinct bands on SDS-PAGE by fluorography. Digestion with NaOH/NaBH4, Pronase or papain released small (35S)-labeled fragments, and the (35S) appeared to be associated with oligosaccharides. The sulfoproteins appeared in PLTs primarily 2-4 days after (35S) injection, and different proteins were labeled at different time points.

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Saeed Ghafoor Ahmad, Kosar, and Amanj nasih qadir omer. "Prosecuting the perpetrators of the Camp Speicher crime according to Iraqi laws or the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/45.

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"This work includes talking about the crime of Camp Speicher, in which 1,700 students of the Iraqi army of the Sheea creed were killed by the gangs of the terrorist organization ISIS, with the aim of eliminating the members of this sect because of the misleading ideology carried by those gangs. On 6-12-2014, Iraqi soldiers at Camp Speicher (Speicher Air Base) in Tikrit were subjected to murder and enforced disappearance by terrorist organizations because of their affiliation to the Sheea creed. This crime was among a series of brutal crimes for the genocide of Sheeas in Iraq. This is similar to what happened in the Badoush prison crime in the province of Mosul, which the Iraqi Parliament considered it as a crime of genocide, in which these gangs executed about (400) members of the prison inmates of the Sheea component. After ISIS took control of the city of Tikrit in Iraq, and one day after they took control of the city of Mosul, they captured (2000-2200) soldiers and led them to the presidential palaces in Tikrit, and they shot them there and in other areas and buried some of them alive. This disaster had a negative impact on the families of the victims of the Speicher where they went out in demonstrations demanded that the leaders who handed over the victims of Speicher to ISIS must be prosecuted, and in one of the demonstrations they managed to enter Parliament and demanded that the leaders who handed over Speicher to ISIS be held accountable. After that, many demonstrations took place by the families of the victims, some of which led to the closure of a bridge in Baghdad a few times Protesting the government's delay in clarifying the fate of their children or taking quick measures. The Iraqi parliament and government recently considered the Speicher incident “genocide” in reference to the premeditated murder of Badoush Prison inmates in Nineveh Governorate and the unarmed Speicher military base, the premeditated murder of members of the Albu Nimr, Jabour, al-Lahib, and al-Ubaid tribes, and the killing and displacement of civilians from Kurds, Christians, Yazidis and Shabaks in Sahel Nineveh, Sinjar, deliberate killing and displacement of Turkmens in Tal Afar and Bashir. This decision paves the way for obtaining international recognition from it as a ""genocide"" as stipulated in the Contract of the United Nations in 1948, and Iraq signed it in the fifties of the last century. This study attempts to explain the Al-Ikhnasas Court in looking into the crimes of genocide committed by ISIS against the bereaved students of the Air Force Base (Speicher) due to what this issue raised from the national and international public opinion, especially after the involvement of the Iraqi army leaders in this massacre, according to what witnesses reported in that area and what was reported by soldiers who survived the incident, in addition to the involvement of some members of the Sunni tribes in these crimes with the terrorist organization ISIS. The importance of this study lies in the following aspects: - That ISIS elements were tried according to Anti-Terrorism Law No. 13 of 2005, and from our point of view that the aforementioned law is vague and broader than it should be, and it applies to serious and simple crimes from murder to crimes of sabotage, and the list of crimes punishable by the death penalty according to the aforementioned law is a long list and spacious. - The Iraqi government has embarked on an attempt to develop a legal framework to prosecute ISIS elements, and its mission focused on understanding the procedures and results drawn from those judicial efforts, and its mission also focused on showing the efforts taken by the Iraqi government to address violations in the field of the right to life, including those committed by affiliated forces government as well as other international and domestic actors. The International Criminal Court is specialized in considering specific crimes under Article (5) of its Statute, which are war crimes, aggression and crimes against humanity, which necessitates the adaptation of Speicher's crime within any of the mentioned types of crimes. The assumption of the International Criminal Court in relation to the Speicher crime, includes several positive matters and results at the same time a set of negatives, which must be presented to those positives and negatives in order to give preference between them and the choice of authorizing the court to consider the crime or not. The terrorist organization ISIS has committed serious systematic violations, including war crimes and others, and perhaps those that are not under its control, and that none of these crimes can be addressed within the anti-terrorism law, which cannot address human rights violations. The international community has recognized the heinous violations committed by ISIS against the citizens of Iraq by adopting Resolution (2370) in September of 2017, issued by the Security Council, which authorizes the Security Council to appoint an investigation team to support local efforts to hold ISIS elements accountable by collecting and preserving evidence in Iraq, which can rise to a high level, and it was committed by the elements of the organization. It considers that the decision constitutes a burden and an obligation on Iraq to investigate all allegations of violations committed by government forces for the purpose of holding them accountable, as well as requiring the establishment of special courts and trained judges in relation to ISIS crimes to deal with them. Terrorism is a global curse that has recently spread horizontally to all countries of the world and its effects have been concentrated vertically in some countries, and no one denies that the parties to this phenomenon are increasing (perpetrators and victims) and the United Nations in particular and the international community in general has not succeeded in reducing it despite the fact that the resolutions of the UN Security Council It is increasing, but the proportionality is absent between these decisions and the practical reality. The phenomenon of terrorism is spreading rapidly, and the perpetrators of terrorist acts are on the rise, corresponding to an increase in the victims of terrorism. Also, the circumstances and events that Iraq is going through, especially after 2003, put it at the forefront of countries which suffers from terrorism that has killed the people, using methods and forms that were not previously known and brutal and bloody cruel. ) for the year 2005, and since terrorism was not limited to Iraq, but included many countries, and was not specific to a place or time, nor was it recent in terms of composition. In addition, the aforementioned law cannot be aware of all violations of international and humanitarian law, as we mentioned previously, which requires the necessity of referring the criminals to a competent court. The Court conducts its rule under Article (13) of its Statute when referred to it by a state party to the same system or by the Security Council or when the Public Prosecutor conducts the investigation on his own, and then how does the Court take its measures regarding the aforementioned crime if we take a look Considering that the State of Iraq is not a member of the Statute of the Court. The rule of the court is free from the death penalty, which makes the idea of authorizing the court to consider the crime rejected by most Iraqis, especially the families of the victims. What are the negative aspects of the Iraqi national judiciary’s view of the Speicher crime, and how can it be avoided if the International Criminal Court plays this role? What are the guarantees provided by the court in the event that it proceeds with its procedures regarding this crime? The research on this subject is according to the appropriate method, which is the analytical and comparative method, which works on studying and comparing topics by analyzing ideas and jurisprudential rulings, and the positions of the governments of countries and the United Nations, as well as the resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, and comparing arbitration between Iraqi courts. And the international courts regarding the trial of the perpetrators of the Speicher base crime, and then come up with a set of conclusions and recommendations."

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