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Journal articles on the topic 'Triangle-tree'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kim, Ju-Chul, та Sang-Joong Lee. "Triangle ΔABC and Length of Fermat Tree". Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 68, № 10 (2019): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2019.68.10.1169.

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2

Chen, Hongsheng, and Ke Shi. "Connectivity Recovery Based on Boundary Nodes and Spatial Triangle Fermat Points for Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 24, no. 24 (2024): 7876. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24247876.

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In recent years, wireless sensor networks have been widely used, especially in three-dimensional environments such as underwater and mountain environments. However, in harsh environments, wireless sensor networks may be damaged and split into many isolated islands. Therefore, restoring network connectivity to transmit data effectively in a timely manner is particularly important. However, the problem of finding the minimum relay nodes is NP-hard, so heuristics methods are preferred. This paper presents a novel connectivity recovery strategy based on boundary nodes and spatial triangle Fermat p
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Böckenhauer, Hans-Joachim, Karin Freiermuth, Juraj Hromkovič, Tobias Mömke, Andreas Sprock, and Björn Steffen. "Steiner tree reoptimization in graphs with sharpened triangle inequality." Journal of Discrete Algorithms 11 (February 2012): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jda.2011.03.014.

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4

Bailen, Mark S. "Bears Discover Time Travel." Ecotone 19, no. 2 (2024): 16–29. https://doi.org/10.1353/ect.2024.a953586.

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5

Rudnicki, Mark, Uldis Silins, and Victor J. Lieffers. "Crown Cover Is Correlated with Relative Density, Tree Slenderness, and Tree Height in Lodgepole Pine." Forest Science 50, no. 3 (2004): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/50.3.356.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between tree height, bole slenderness, and relative density with crown shyness (crown interstitial space) in even-aged lodgepole pine. In 10 lodgepole pine stands in Alberta, Canada, ranging in height from 5.6 to 22.1 m, 9–23 triangular plots were established. A plot consisted of three trees that formed the corners of the triangle; all plots were at theoretical crown closure. Within each triangle, the percentage crown closure (% CC) was related to the mean height, slenderness coefficient (SC, tree height/diameter), and re
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6

Olowolafe, Felix, and Kehinde Olukunmi Alawode. "Detection of Incipient Faults in Power Transformers using Fuzzy Logic and Decision Tree Models Based on Dissolved Gas Analysis." ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development (AJERD) 7, no. 1 (2024): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53982/ajerd.2024.0701.06-j.

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This paper proposes an integrated approach utilizing Fuzzy Logic and Decision Tree algorithms to diagnose early-stage faults in power transformers based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) test results of transformer insulation oil. Overcoming limitations in conventional methods such as Duval Triangle, Key Gas Analysis, Rogers Ratio, IEC Ratio, and Doernenburg Ratio, our Fuzzy Logic and Decision Tree models address issues like inaccurate diagnosis, inconsistent diagnosis, lack of decisions or out-of-code results, and time-intensive manual calculations for large DGA datasets. The Decision Tree algo
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Flore, J. A., and D. R. Layne. "ORCHARD DESIGN OF SOUR CHERRY IS YIELD RELATED TO LIGHT INTERCEPTION?" HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1135a—1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1135a.

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The objective of this experiment was to design orchard systems and tree shapes that optimize production based upon light interception. `Montmoreney' on `Mahaleb' rootstock was established at the Clarksville Horticultural Research Station in 1982. The following factors were investigated: a) tree shape; free form, Δ triangle and • rectangle, b) tree height to clear alleyway width ratios; 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5, and c) tree density 3.0×4.5 m, 3.0×6.0 m. Tree shape was established beginning in the 3rd leaf by summer hedging on an annual basis at the end of stage II of fruit growth. Beginning with the 4t
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8

Suryandari, Ni Nyoman Ayu, I. Ketut Yadnyana, Dodik Ariyanto, and Ni Made Adi Erawati. "Implementation of fraud triangle theory: A systematic literature review." Journal of Governance and Regulation 12, no. 3 (2023): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i3art10.

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Fraud triangle theory popularized by Cressey (1953) and adopted by Statement of Auditing Standards No. 99, states that fraud occurs when there are three elements, namely: pressure, opportunity, and rationalization. This theory is criticized because it is considered unable to describe all the motivations of fraud perpetrators. This study aimed at developing Homer (2020) research, expanding it with criticism and developing variables in the fraud triangle. This research did not only focus on types of fraud based on the fraud tree but also added academic fraud. Methodologically, this research was
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9

You, Fu Cheng, and Yu Jie Chen. "The Development of E-Learning System for Fractal Big Tree Graphics Based on Iterated Function System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.233.

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The traditional method to introduce the design of big tree fractal graphics is to give fixed graphics in black color. In this paper, a new learning environment of triangle fractal graphics based on E-Learning is proposed, development of which is also introduced in detail. In this new learning environment, students can repeat drawing the colorful big tree fractal graphics with single color or random color, which may arouse the students' interests and attract their attentions. By the learning environment, the fractal limitation or fixed point can be seen, and two different kinds of big tree can
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10

Shao, Guofan, and Herman H. Shugart. "A Compatible Growth-Density Stand Model Derived from a Distance-Dependent Individual Tree Model." Forest Science 43, no. 3 (1997): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/43.3.443.

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Abstract A compatible growth-density stand model is developed for simulating forest stands with uniformly distributed trees (e.g., square spacing, equilateral triangle spacing, and 1:1.5 row to column ratio tree distribution patterns). The model is based on a distance-dependent individual-tree competition model. The independent variable in the individual-tree model is Hegyi's (1974) diameter-distance competition index with n = 8. The derived growth density stand model satisfies a necessary boundary condition (i.e., stand growth is zero either when stand density is zero or when stand density re
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11

Derhy, Nicolas, Christophe Picouleau, and Nicolas Trotignon. "The Four-in-a-Tree Problem in Triangle-Free Graphs." Graphs and Combinatorics 25, no. 4 (2009): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00373-009-0867-3.

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12

Fjelstad, P. "Pascal's triangle on a torus and on a binary tree." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 21, no. 9 (1991): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(91)90120-s.

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13

Gollob, Christoph, Tim Ritter, Clemens Wassermann, and Arne Nothdurft. "Influence of Scanner Position and Plot Size on the Accuracy of Tree Detection and Diameter Estimation Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning on Forest Inventory Plots." Remote Sensing 11, no. 13 (2019): 1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11131602.

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This research tested how different scanner positions and sample plot sizes affect the tree detection and diameter measurement in forest inventories. For this, a multistage density-based clustering approach was further developed for the automatic mapping of tree positions and simultaneously applied with automatic measurements of tree diameters. This further development of the algorithm reduced the proportion of falsely detected tree locations by about 64%. The algorithms were tested in different settings with respect to the number and spatial alignment of scanner positions and under manifold fo
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14

XU, WEI, RICHARD HAMMERSLEY, KAREN LU, and DONALD FUSSELL. "LOSSLESS SUBDIVISION-BASED MULTIRESOLUTION REPRESENTATION OF ARBITRARY TRIANGLE MESHES USING KITE TREES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13, no. 02 (2002): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054102001072.

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We introduce a new type of subdivision-based multiresolution representation for triangle meshes, kite trees, which has the flexibility to represent arbitrary triangle meshes losslessly. We also develop an algorithm for extracting a balanced kite tree representation of an arbitrary input mesh that preserves mesh topology and regularities in the subdivision structure. Our scheme allows us to combine surface information automatically extracted from input data with algorithmically-generated information in a single multiresolution representation and to represent the results of adaptive refinement o
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Zhu, Bao-Xuan. "A generalized Eulerian triangle from staircase tableaux and tree-like tableaux." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 172 (May 2020): 105206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2019.105206.

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16

PRASAD, MUNAGA V. N. K., and K. K. SHUKLA. "TREE TRIANGULAR CODING IMAGE COMPRESSION ALGORITHMS." International Journal of Image and Graphics 01, no. 04 (2001): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467801000414.

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This paper presents new algorithms for image compression that are an improvement on the recently published Binary Tree Triangular Coding (BTTC). These algorithms are based on recursive decomposition of the image domain into triangles where the new triangle vertex is located at the point of maximum prediction error and does not require the constraints of right-angled isosceles triangle and square image as in previous algorithm. These algorithms execute in O(n log n) for encoding and θ(n) for decoding, where n is the number of image pixels. Simulation results show that the new algorithms have a
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17

KIM, C. S., and AMOL DIGHE. "TREE FCNC AND NON-UNITARITY OF CKM MATRIX." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 05 (2007): 1445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006800.

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We discuss possible signatures of the tree level FCNC, which results from the non-unitarity of CKM matrix. We first define the unitarity step-by-step, and possible test of the non-unitarity through the 4-value-KM parametrization. We, then, show how the phase angle of the unitary triangle would change in case of the vector-like down quark model. As another example of tree FCNC, we investigate the leptophobic Z′ model and its application to the recent Bs mixing measurements.
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18

Xu, Qingwei, Kaili Xu, Xiwen Yao, Jinjia Zhang, and Ben Wang. "Sand casting safety assessment for foundry enterprises: fault tree analysis, Heinrich accident triangle, HAZOP–LOPA, bow tie model." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (2018): 180915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180915.

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Sand casting operations, though commonplace, pose a significant threat of explosion accidents. This paper presents a novel sand casting safety assessment technique based on fault tree analysis, Heinrich accident triangle, hazard and operability–layer of protection analysis (HAZOP–LOPA) and bow tie model components. Minimal cut sets and minimal path sets are first determined based on fault tree analysis, then the frequency of sand casting explosion accidents is calculated based on the Heinrich accident triangle. Third, the risk level of venting quality can be reduced by adopting HAZOP–LOPA; the
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19

Wang, Di, Enbin Liu, and Liyu Huang. "Event Tree Analysis of Xinda Oil Pipeline Leakage Based on Fuzzy Set Theory." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010101.

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Event tree is a logical analysis of probability for outcome events by initiating event and probable subsequent events. However, the evaluation of every single event may contain vague information or cannot be described by a crisp number of probabilities in application. So this paper aims to develop an event tree by using fuzzy set theory with a combination of triangle membership function and trapezoidal membership function to quantify the vagueness of information and calculate the outcome probability. Through the analysis of an oil pipeline leakage accident, the method provided is fully used an
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20

Xie, Sun, Haixing Zhao, and Yaping Mao. "ON THE MERRIFIELD-SIMMONS INDEX AND HOSOYA INDEX OF TREE-TRIANGLE GRAPHS." Far East Journal of Applied Mathematics 90, no. 3 (2015): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/fjammar2015_189_211.

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21

Dvořák, Zdeněk, and Ken-ichi Kawarabayashi. "Triangle-free graphs of tree-width t are ⌈(t+3)∕2⌉-colorable." European Journal of Combinatorics 66 (December 2017): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2017.06.016.

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22

Du, Zhibin. "The sum of the first two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues of trees and unicyclic graphs." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 35 (February 1, 2019): 449–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/1081-3810.3405.

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Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices with $e(G)$ edges. The sum of eigenvalues of graphs has been receiving a lot of attention these years. Let $S_2 (G)$ be the sum of the first two largest signless Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$, and define $f(G) = e (G) +3 - S_2 (G)$. Oliveira et al. (2015) conjectured that $f(G) \geqslant f(U_{n})$ with equality if and only if $G \cong U_n$, where $U_n$ is the $n$-vertex unicyclic graph obtained by attaching $n-3$ pendent vertices to a vertex of a triangle. In this paper, it is proved that $S_2(G) < e(G) + 3 -\frac{2}{n}$ when $G$ is a tree, or a unicyclic g
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23

Zhu, Xun Zhi, Ting Gao, and Jin Tun Zhang. "Triangle Method: A New Distance Method for Density Estimation." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1209.

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Quantitative data are essential in characterizing vegetation. Considerable attention has been paid to vegetation sampling techniques. A series of methods have been developed for tree density estimation which utilize spacing distances instead of fixed-area quadrats. In this paper, a new plotless sampling method was proposed which we denominated a triangle method. With the new method and a conventional distance method (point-centred quarter method), we investigated Larixprincipis-rupprechtii population in larch forests at Xiaolongmen Forest Station of Donglingshan Mountain, Beijing. Compared the
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24

Garkushin, Ivan K., Olga V. Lavrenteva, and Alexandr M. Shterenberg. "Phase tree, forecast of crystallizing phases and description of chemical interaction in the system KCl–CaCl2–BaCl2." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology 22, no. 3 (2022): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1816-9775-2022-22-3-282-291.

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The construction of a phases tree of a ternary system with three binary compounds KCaCl3, K2BaCl4, CaBaCl4 is given. The phase tree includes four secondary phase triangles CaCl2–KCaCl3–СаBaCl4, CaBaCl4–KCaCl3–BaCl2, KCaCl3–BaCl2–K2BaCl4 and KCaCl3–CaBaCl4–KCl. These triangles are connected by three stable secants KCaCl3–СаBaCl4, KCaCl3–BaCl2, KCaCl3–K2BaCl4. Crystallizing phases in stable and secant elements correspond to the simplex tops. The presence of binary compounds on adjacent sides of the composition triangle made it possible to reveal, in addition to addition reactions, the reactions
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25

Bragg, Don C. "An Improved Tree Height Measurement Technique Tested on Mature Southern Pines." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no. 1 (2008): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.1.38.

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Abstract Virtually all techniques for tree height determination follow one of two principles: similar triangles or the tangent method. Most people apply the latter approach, which uses the tangents of the angles to the top and bottom and a true horizontal distance to the subject tree. However, few adjust this method for ground slope, tree lean, crown shape, and crown configuration, making errors commonplace. Given documented discrepancies exceeding 30% with current methods, a reevaluation of height measurement is in order. The sine method is an alternative that measures a real point in the cro
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26

Pop, Petrică C., Andrei Horvat-Marc, and Corina Pop Sitar. "An approximation algorithm for the at least version of the generalized minimum spanning tree problem." Journal of Numerical Analysis and Approximation Theory 35, no. 1 (2006): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/jnaat351-1016.

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We consider the at least version of the Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree Problem, denoted by L-GMSTP, which consists in finding a minimum cost tree spanning at least one node from each node set of a complete graph with the nodes partitioned into a given number of node sets called clusters. We assume that the cost function attached to edges satisfies the triangle inequality and the clusters have sizes bounded by \(\rho\). Under these assumptions we present a 2\(\rho\) approximation algorithm.The algorithm works by rounding an optimal fractional solution to a linear programming relaxation. Our
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Wu, C. Chris. "Critical behavior of percolation and Markov fields on branching planes." Journal of Applied Probability 30, no. 3 (1993): 538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214764.

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For an independent percolation model on, whereis a homogeneous tree andis a one-dimensional lattice, it is shown, by verifying that the triangle condition is satisfied, that the percolation probabilityθ(p) is a continuous function ofpat the critical pointpc, and the critical exponents,γ,δ, and Δ exist and take their mean-field values. Some analogous results for Markov fields onare also obtained.
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28

Arikawa, Koji. "Is Word Order Asymmetry Mathematically Expressible?" Biolinguistics 7 (November 23, 2013): 276–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/bioling.8967.

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The computational procedure for human natural language (CHL) shows an asymmetry in unmarked orders for S, O, and V. Following Lyle Jenkins, it is speculated that the asymmetry is expressible as a group-theoretical factor (included in Chomsky’s third factor): “[W]ord order types would be the (asymmetric) stable solutions of the symmetric still-to-be-discovered ‘equations’ governing word order distribution”. A possible “symmetric equation” is a linear transformation f(x) = y, where function f is a set of merge operations (transformations) expressed as a set of symmetric transformations of an equ
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29

ACHASOV, N. N., та A. A. KOZHEVNIKOV. "NEW PROPOSALS FOR THE REACTION e+e−→π+π−π0". International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, № 04 (1994): 527–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94000261.

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The influence of the singularity of the triangle diagram on patterns of ρω interference in the π+π− mass spectrum of the reaction e+e−→π+π−π0 is considered at energies in the range [Formula: see text]. This influence arises due to the difference between the phases of the ω→ρπ and ρ→ωπ transition amplitudes implied by the imaginary part of this diagram. The decay kinematics of the triangle diagram results in the distortion of the π+π− mass spectrum. Taking this diagram into account at energies in between ω and φ peaks implies the measurable decrease of the cross section. Experimental studies of
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Wu, C. Chris. "Critical behavior of percolation and Markov fields on branching planes." Journal of Applied Probability 30, no. 03 (1993): 538–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200044296.

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For an independent percolation model on , where is a homogeneous tree and is a one-dimensional lattice, it is shown, by verifying that the triangle condition is satisfied, that the percolation probability θ (p) is a continuous function of p at the critical point p c, and the critical exponents , γ, δ, and Δ exist and take their mean-field values. Some analogous results for Markov fields on are also obtained.
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31

Olivera-Hyde, Miluska, Jess W. Jones, and Eric M. Hallerman. "The Quantification of Morphological Variation and Development of Morphology-Based Keys to Identify Species of Fusconaia and Pleurobema (Unionidae) in the Green River, Kentucky, USA." Diversity 17, no. 4 (2025): 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17040298.

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We quantified morphological variation among genetically identified specimens of Fusconaia flava, F. subrotunda, Pleurobema cordatum, P. plenum, P. sintoxia, and P. rubrum inhabiting the Green River, Kentucky, species with shells that are morphologically similar to each other and thus difficult to identify. Molecular identifications then were compared with phenotype-based identifications by experts, who on average correctly identified 70% of the specimens. Expert identification of the putative species P. rubrum and P. sintoxia resulted in them usually being identified as the latter. Multi-varia
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Yulia, Nazhira Firda, Supriyanto Supriyanto, and Diana Prameswari. "Seed Breaking Dormancy Technique and Growth of Screw Tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) seedlings." Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan 9, no. 1 (2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/bptpth.2020.9.1.43-58.

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Screw tree is a shrub from family Malvaceae that has many benefits in pharmacy. Screw tree seed has very hard seed coat, so the seed must be treated before germination. The aim of this research was to assess the characteristic of fruit and seeds, effect of seed breaking dormancy, and effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on the growth of screw tree (Helicteres isora) seedlings. The results indicated that screw tree fruits belong to dry fruits with capsule form and has 5 follicles that has different direction. Screw tree seed is orthodox type that has 9 ̶ 36 seeds in one follicle with triangle and sq
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Yulia, Nazhira Firda, Supriyanto Supriyanto, and Diana Prameswari. "Seed Breaking Dormancy Technique and Growth of Screw Tree (Helicteres isora Linn.) Seedlings." Jurnal Perbenihan Tanaman Hutan 9, no. 1 (2021): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/bptpth.2021.9.1.43-58.

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Screw tree is a shrub from family Malvaceae that has many benefits in pharmacy. Screw tree seed has very hard seed coat, so the seed must be treated before germination. The aim of this research was to assess the characteristic of fruit and seeds, effect of seed breaking dormancy, and effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on the growth of screw tree (Helicteres isora) seedlings. The results indicated that screw tree fruits belong to dry fruits with capsule form and has 5 follicles that has different direction. Screw tree seed is orthodox type that has 9 ̶ 36 seeds in one follicle with triangle and sq
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34

Zeigler, Bernard P. "Discrete Event Systems Theory for Fast Stochastic Simulation via Tree Expansion." Systems 12, no. 3 (2024): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12030080.

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Paratemporal methods based on tree expansion have proven to be effective in efficiently generating the trajectories of stochastic systems. However, combinatorial explosion of branching arising from multiple choice points presents a major hurdle that must be overcome to implement such techniques. In this paper, we tackle this scalability problem by developing a systems theory-based framework covering both conventional and proposed tree expansion algorithms for speeding up discrete event system stochastic simulations while preserving the desired accuracy. An example is discussed to illustrate th
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Benyon, Richard G., S. Theiveyanathan, and Tanya M. Doody. "Impacts of tree plantations on groundwater in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 2 (2006): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05046.

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In some regions dependent on groundwater, such as the lower south-east of South Australia in the Green Triangle, deep-rooted, woody vegetation might have undesirable hydrological impacts by competing for finite, good-quality groundwater resources. In other regions, such as the Riverina in south-central New South Wales, where rising watertables and associated salinisation is threatening the viability of agriculture, woody vegetation might have beneficial hydrological impacts. In response to a growing need to better understand the impacts of tree plantations on groundwater, annual evapotranspira
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Rahman, Md Khalilur, and Selina Anwar. "Presence of Cystic Artery in the Calot’s Triangle and Its Relation with Common Hepatic Duct – a Postmortem Study." Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy 10, no. 2 (2013): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v10i2.17282.

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Introduction: Most common disease of liver and biliary tree is cholelithiasis which needs surgical intervention. Safe execution of traditional cholecystectomy or laparoscopic surgery needs proper knowledge of the origin, course, branching pattern of the cystic artery and its relation with common hepatic duct. This study was aimed to find the presence of cystic artery in the Calot’s triangle and its relation with common hepatic duct to prevent any iatrogenic complications especially for newer surgeons in this field. Materials and Methods: This study was done on 60 postmortem gallbladder collect
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Aiyou, Wu, Shi Shiliang, Li Runqiu, Tang Deming, and Tang Xiafang. "City Fire Risk Analysis based on Coupling Fault Tree Method and Triangle Fuzzy Theory." Procedia Engineering 84 (2014): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.427.

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38

CHARNG, YEO-YIE. "WEAK PHASES FROM AMPLITUDE PARAMETRIZATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 15 (2005): 3566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05026996.

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We determine the weak phases and the amplitudes by proposing an parametrization to each topologies of amplitudes in power of Wolfenstein parameter λ ~ 0.22. Comparing this parametrization with the experimental data, we can obtain the phase ϕ3 from the B → Kπ data up to theoretical uncertainty of O(λ3) ~ 5%. We find that these solutions indicate a large color-suppressed tree amplitude. The extraction of the phase ϕ2 and ϕ3 are consistent with the global unitarity triangle fit.
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Yang, Boyu, Weiguo Zheng, Xiang Lian, Yuzheng Cai, and X. Sean Wang. "HERO: A Hierarchical Set Partitioning and Join Framework for Speeding up the Set Intersection Over Graphs." Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data 2, no. 1 (2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3639284.

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As one of the most primitive operators in graph algorithms, such as the triangle counting, maximal clique enumeration, and subgraph listing, a set intersection operator returns common vertices between any two given sets of vertices in data graphs. It is therefore very important to accelerate the set intersection, which will benefit a bunch of tasks that take it as a built-in block. Existing works on the set intersection usually followed the merge intersection or galloping-search framework, and most optimization research focused on how to leverage the SIMD hardware instructions. In this paper,
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Qian, Chen, Chunjing Yao, Hongchao Ma, Junhao Xu, and Jie Wang. "Tree Species Classification Using Airborne LiDAR Data Based on Individual Tree Segmentation and Shape Fitting." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (2023): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020406.

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Individual tree species classification is of strategic importance for forest monitoring, analysis, and management, which are critical for sustainable forestry development. In this regard, the paper proposes a method based on the profile of segmented individual tree laser scanning points to identify tree species. The proposed methodology mainly takes advantage of three-dimensional geometric features of a tree crown captured by a laser point cloud to identify tree species. Firstly, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Surface Model (DSM) are used for Crown Height Model (CHM) generation. T
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ABDULLAH, AMIRALI, JOHN MOELLER, and SURESH VENKATASUBRAMANIAN. "APPROXIMATE BREGMAN NEAR NEIGHBORS IN SUBLINEAR TIME: BEYOND THE TRIANGLE INEQUALITY." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 23, no. 04n05 (2013): 253–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195913600066.

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Bregman divergences are important distance measures that are used extensively in data-driven applications such as computer vision, text mining, and speech processing, and are a key focus of interest in machine learning. Answering nearest neighbor (NN) queries under these measures is very important in these applications and has been the subject of extensive study, but is problematic because these distance measures lack metric properties like symmetry and the triangle inequality. In this paper, we present the first provably approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) algorithms for a broad sub-class of B
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Chen, Xiongwen. "Historical Radial Growth of Chinese Torreya Trees and Adaptation to Climate Change." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070691.

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Chinese Torreya is a vital crop tree with an average life span of a thousand years in subtropical China. Plantations of this tree are broadly under construction, to benefit the local economy. Information on the growth and adaptation to climate change for this species is limited, but tree rings might show responses to historical climate dynamics. In this study, six stem sections from Chinese Torreya trees between 60 and 90 years old were acquired and analyzed with local climate data. The results indicated that the accumulated radial growth increased linearly with time, even at the age of 90 yea
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43

Safitri, Elda, Peter John, and Denny Riama Silaban. "Restricted Size Ramsey Number for Matching versus Tree and Triangle Unicyclic Graphs of Order Six." International Journal of Computing Science and Applied Mathematics 8, no. 1 (2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12962/j24775401.v8i1.10817.

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44

Hsu, Frances, and Ajanae Bennett. "The Effects of Roadside Buildings Roof Shapes and Tree Plantings on the Vehicle Exhaust Gas Pollution Dispersion in the Urban Street." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2441, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2441/1/012010.

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Abstract In this study, the effects of roadside building roof shapes and roadside tree plantings on the dispersion of vehicle exhaust gas pollution in the urban street have been carefully explored. Three typical roof shapes, i.e., flat, triangle and round shapes, are considered in the present work. Firstly, the numerical simulations of air pollution transport in the atmospheric turbulent boundary layer with/without the vegetation canopy have been performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Secondly, the mean flow patterns and the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) are then
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45

Sobirov, Z. A., and M. R. Eshimbetov. "Fokas Method for the Heat Equation on Metric Graphs." Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions 67, no. 4 (2021): 766–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2413-3639-2021-67-4-766-782.

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The paper presents a method for constructing solutions to initial-boundary value problems for the heat equation on simple metric graphs such as a star-shaped graph, a tree, and a triangle with three converging edges. The solutions to the problems are constructed by the so-called Fokas method, which is a generalization of the Fourier transform method. In this case, the problem is reduced to a system of algebraic equations for the Fourier transform of the unknown values of the solution at the vertices of the graph.
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46

Koszegyova, Lucia, Evelin Csókási, and Juraj Hirjak. "Structure of Primitive Pythagorean Triples in Generating Trees." European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 17, no. 3 (2024): 2127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29020/nybg.ejpam.v17i3.5323.

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A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers $(a,b,c)$ such that $a^2+b^2=c^2$. If $a,b$ are coprime, then it is called a primitive Pythagorean triple. It is known that every primitive Pythagorean triple can be generated from the triple $(3,4,5)$ using multiplication by unique number and order of three specific $3\times3$ matrices, which yields a ternary tree of triplets. Two such trees were described by Berggren and Price, respectively. A different approach is to view the primitive Pythagorean triples as points in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper, we prove that th
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Wang, Siqi, He Huang, Junxing Yang, Junyang Bian, and Shan Jiang. "Triangle Descriptor Loop Detection Method Based on Faster-LIO." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W10-2024 (May 31, 2024): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w10-2024-183-2024.

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Abstract. This paper introduces an enhanced approach to loop closure detection in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) by integrating the Faster-LIO framework with Stable Triangle Descriptors (STD). SLAM, essential in autonomous driving and augmented reality, often encounters cumulative errors affecting mapping accuracy. Traditional detection methods based on sensor data like camera images and LiDAR point clouds struggle with environmental changes that alter scene appearance and geometry. Our approach utilizes LiDAR sensors and STD, exploiting the geometric stability of triangles to ma
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48

Djara, Eugenius, Natalia Peni, and Maria Trisna Sero Wondo. "EKSPLORASI ETNOMATEMATIKA NGADHU DAN BHAGA DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA UBEDOLUMOLO KABUPATEN NGADA." JUPIKA: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA 4, no. 1 (2021): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/jupika.v4i1.846.

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This study aims to determine: (1) to identify the structure of ngadhu and bhaga in Ubedoulumolo Village of Ngada District. (2) Explain the relation of ngadhu and bhaga to mathematics learning in school. The research method used is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. The subjects of this study consisted of three informants (pengu chief, and traditional elders of pengu and gelo tribe). Using observation and interview techniques, supported by documentation, and using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study showed ngadhu and bhaga has related to mathematics, that is the g
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Pop, Petrică C., G. Still, and W. Kern. "Approximation theory in combinatorial optimization. Application to the generalized minimum spanning tree problem." Journal of Numerical Analysis and Approximation Theory 34, no. 1 (2005): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/jnaat341-795.

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We present an overview of the approximation theory in
 combinatorial optimization. As an application we consider the 
 Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree (GMST) problem which is defined on an undirected complete graph with the nodes partitioned into
 clusters and non-negative costs are associated to the edges. This
 problem is NP-hard and it is known that a
 polynomial approximation algorithm cannot exist. We present an
 in-approximability result for the GMST problem and under special
 assumptions: cost function satisfying the triangle inequality and
 wit
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Xu, Ke, Hui Min Li, and Sha Sha Lu. "Safety Risk Analysis of Box-Culvert Jacking Construction by Using Fuzzy Fault Tree Method Based on WBS-RBS." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.355.

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The box-culvert jacking of highway constructions crossing the existing railway is construction difficult and technically complex. If there are safe accidents, it will bring great loss. According to this situation, a new method based on WBS-RBS is presented in this paper to comprehensively identify the risk factors of safety accident with the fault tree, and then the fuzzy probability of basic events are described to triangle fuzzy numbers. Furthermore the happening fuzzy probability of the top event can be calculated. The proposed method provides a scientific method for the safety risk analysi
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