Relevant bibliographies by topics / Triazine

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Triazine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Triazine"

1

Vinogradov, Dmitry B., Alexei N. Izmest’ev, Angelina N. Kravchenko, Yuri A. Strelenko, and Galina A. Gazieva. "Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines via a base-induced rearrangement of functionalized imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (July 28, 2023): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.80.

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A series of imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines was synthesized via a cascade sequence of hydrolysis and skeletal rearrangement of imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-ylidene)acetic acid esters in methanol upon treatment with excess KOH. Imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6(7H)-ylidene)acetic acid esters are also suitable substrates for the reaction. In this case hydrolysis and thiazole ring expansion were accompanied with the change of the thiazolotriazine junction type from thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazine to thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazine.
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Krinochkin, A. P., E. D. Ladin, Ya K. Shtaitz, E. A. Kudryashova, D. S. Kopchuk, E. B. Gorbunov, Yu M. Shafran, G. V. Zyryanov, and V. L. Rusinov. "Interaction of 1,2,4-triazine-5-carbonitriles with 5-hydroxyethylsulfanyl- and 5-hydroxyethoxyethylsulfanyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles." Журнал органической химии 59, no. 11 (December 15, 2023): 1501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0514749223100137.

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The solvent-free interaction of 1,2,4-triazine-5-carbonitriles with first synthesized 5-hydroxyethylsulfanyland 5-hydroxyethoxyethylsulfanyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles at heating has been studied. It was shown that the presence of these substituents at the C5 position of 1,2,4-triazole changes the direction of the reaction, and 5-amino-1,2,4-triazines are formed as the main products, while the products of the ipso -substitution of the C5-cyano group containing the moiety of the substituted 1,2,4-triazole were isolated only as by-products. In the case of using 1,2,4-triazole with a fragment of monoethylene glycol at C5 position of triazine, the formation of a complex mixture of products occurred.
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Egorov, Ilya N., Igor S. Kovalev, Vladimir L. Rusinov, and Oleg N. Chupakhin. "Cyclotrimerization of 3-R-1,2,4-Triazin-5(4H)-ones with Cyclic Ketones." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-1111.

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New heterocyclic tetracyclic systems were synthesized. Interaction between 3-R-1,2,4-triazin- 5(4H)-ones and cyclic ketones under acidic conditions leads to the formation of zwitterion derivatives of 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-octahydro-[1,2,4]triazino[1,6- ƒ ]phenanthridine and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydro-bicyclopenta[ b,d]pyrido[1,2- ƒ ][1,2,4]triazine.
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Collins, David J., Timothy C. Hughes, and Wynona M. Johnson. "Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-ones. III. Oxidation Products of 1-Methyl-3-phenyl- 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 10 (1999): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99047.

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1-Methyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (1) undergoes aerial oxidation to give a mixture of 1- methyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (2) and 1-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-5,6-dione (3). The dehydro derivative (2) was cleanly prepared by the oxidation of (1) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4- benzoquinone (ddq). The dehydro derivative (2) underwent a surprising rearrangement to the triazole (12) upon oxidation with OxoneR. Several attempts at unambiguous synthesis of the α-dicarbonyl derivative (3) were unsuccessful; it was obtained, together with the 1,4-dimethyl derivative (13) by methylation of 3-phenyl-1,4- dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-5,6-dione (4) with sodium hydride and methyl iodide.
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Zhou, Yifei, and Haixiang Gao. "Energetic salt of guanidinium 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine and its crystal structure." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224703044.

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Energetic salt of guanidinium 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine(1) was prepared through the reaction of 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine with guanidinium carbonate. The crystal structure of 1 was characterized. It is the first bicyclic energetic salt based on 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine.
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Jain, Sonika, Pankaj Kumar Jain, Shalu Sain, Dharma Kishore, and Jaya Dwivedi. "Anticancer s-Triazine Derivatives: A Synthetic Attribute." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 8 (December 24, 2020): 904–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x17666200131111851.

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1, 3, 5-Triazine (s-Triazine) is a versatile nucleus to design and develop potent bioactive molecules for drug discovery, particularly in cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the most recent trends in the field of synthetic strategies made for functionalized triazine derivatives active against cell proliferation. This review article covers the synthesis of aryl methylamino, morpholino, triamino substituted triazines, antimitotic agents coupled triazines and many more. Many 1,3,5- triazine derivatives, both hetero-fused and uncondensed, have shown remarkable antitumor activities. We have highlighted various derivatives with 1, 3, 5-triazine core targeting different kinases with an aim to help researchers for developing new 1, 3, 5-triazine derived compounds for antitumor activity.
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Hurtado, Paola, Ana R. Hortal, Marta Cruz-Guzmán, and Bruno Martínez-Haya. "Fragmentation and Gas Phase Aggregation Processes in the Laser Desorption/Ionization of Chlorodiaminotriazines." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 13, no. 5 (October 2007): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.892.

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Fragmentation and supramolecular aggregation induced during the laser desorption/ionization (LDI) of four chlorodiaminotriazines (simazine, atrazine, terbutylazine and propazine) have been investigated. The laser wavelength employed (266 nm) lies within the first absorption band of the four triazines. The main fragmentation channel observed involves the prompt cleavage of the Cl atom, followed by partial or total fragmentation of the side alkyl chains. Breakage of the triazinic ring becomes efficient at moderate laser powers; however, the deamination of the triazine is not observed to take place. In addition, the formation of both covalent and non-covalent triazinic aggregates in the desorption plume is found to be particularly efficient. Aggregates as large as heptamers are neatly detected, with the observation that those with the most intense signal involve the dechlorinated triazinic fragment. Both aggregation and fragmentation are largely suppressed upon dilution of the triazine under matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization conditions.
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Ducruet, Jean-Marc, Sophie Creuzet, and Josiane Viénot. "Kinetics of Action of Different Photosystem II Herbicides on Thylakoids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0507.

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The kinctics of inhibition of photosystem II electron transfer by different diuron-like herbicides (ureas, triazines, triazinoncs, biscarbamates. uraciles) were studied, mainly by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Uracil derivatives and cyanazine, a particular triazinc. were the slowest acting compounds. The half-times of action were strongly temperature-dependent and were of the order of tens of seconds at 5 °C for urea or triazine inhibitors. The role of different limiting steps in the binding process is discussed.
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Lee, Jae Wook, Hyung-Ho Ha, Marc Vendrell, Jacqueline T. Bork, and Young-Tae Chang. "Combinatorial Solid-Phase Synthesis of 6-Aryl-1,3,5-triazines via Suzuki Coupling." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 5 (2011): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11034.

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A synthetic methodology to prepare collections of trisubstituted aryl 1,3,5-triazines with broad structural diversity via Suzuki coupling has been developed. We first optimized the combinatorial derivatization of the triazine core using Suzuki cross-coupling. Second, in order to further expand the methodology for the preparation of negatively charged triazines, we adapted this approach to polymer-supported amino acids and prepared aryl triazines with different charge distribution. With a collection of 160 aryl triazine derivatives in good purities and without any purification step, we proved the viability of this orthogonal scheme for the preparation of triazine libraries using amine/amino acid-captured solid supports and Suzuki cross-coupling.
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Jacobsen, NW, and AE Philippides. "Heterocyclic Variants of the Purine System. I. Derivatives of Thiazolo[5,4-e]-1,2,4-Triazine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 3 (1987): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9870491.

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Derivatives of the thiazolo [5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine ring system were prepared from appropriate 6-acylamino-1,2,4-triazin-5(2H)-ones by thiation and cyclization with phosphorus pentasulfide. 5-Methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-6-amines also gave thiazolo [5,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine derivatives when treated with carbon disulfide or phenyl isothiocyanate.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Triazine"

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Horner, Katherine A. "Synthesis and applications of triazole- and triazine-containing amino acids." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11024/.

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Through their use as mimics of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and in bioorthogonal chemical reporting strategies, unnatural amino acids (UAAs) are vital tools for studying biological systems. τ-Phosphotriazolylalanine I can act as a non-hydrolysable analogue of phosphohistidine and is compatible with the Fmoc-strategy for peptide synthesis. Peptides containing either I or an alternative phosphoamino acid were synthesised and used to demonstrate the selectivity of the SH2 domain of the growth factor receptor-bound 2 protein (a phosphotyrosine binding protein) towards τ-phosphohistidine. In addition, peptides containing I were ineffectively used to study the binding interaction between a histidine-phosphorylated protein, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase and its cognate regulatory protein, YdiA. It was concluded that mimicking the primary structure of one protein through peptide generation was not sufficient to study this protein-protein interaction. As a result, third generation τ phosphotriazolylalanine II was synthesised, which has the potential to be genetically incorporated into proteins using amber suppression. Bioorthogonal reactions can be used to selectively derivatise probes onto biomolecules. Although there are a number of chemical reactions that have been used for this purpose, many are limited in terms of biocompatibility and synthetic accessibility of bioorthogonal reagents. Therefore, a novel bioorthogonal reaction was developed based on the cycloaddition of 1,2,4-triazines to strained dienophiles. An accessible and robust synthesis to novel 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl-linked amino acid III was devised and its reactivity towards a range of strained dienophiles was investigated. It was determined that III reacted readily with bicyclononyne at 37 °C with a second order rate constant between 0.3 - 0.5 ×10-3 M-1 s-1, depending on solvent mix. The utility of III towards late stage functionalisation of probe molecules was also demonstrated through generation of a fluorescent probe containing III. This triazine probe was used to demonstrate cycloaddition of triazine to a strained dienophile in vitro.
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Hug, Stephan. "Covalent triazine frameworks." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-185677.

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Kalenga, J. D. "Studies in 1,2,3-triazine chemistry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356612.

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ALFIO, Alessia. "Sintesi ed Attività Biologica di nuovi derivati Triazenici e Triazinici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91003.

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Moreno, Karlos Xavier. "NMR studies of the conformation of a triazine dendrimer and the synthesis of a platinated triazine dendrimer." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2450.

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Tambo, Yasukazu. "Validierung eines Enzymimmunoassays und Entwicklung von Standardmaterialien für die Analytik freier und gebundener Triazinrückstände." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966389441.

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Carling, Caroline J. "Transition metal chemistry of triazine based ligands." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435449.

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Mason, Pamela V. "Triazine hosts for metal coordination and hydrogen-bonding." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415866.

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Pearson, J. C. "Affinity precipitation of protein using triazine dye derivatives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378382.

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Cole, Kyle S. "Synthesis and Characterization of Triazine-Based Chemical Probes." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107697.

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Thesis advisor: Eranthie Weerapana
The 1,3,5-triazine is a privileged scaffold in that it is planar and has three-fold symmetry which allows for controlled modification around the ring structure with various substituents. In this thesis, we report on two modular inhibitor libraries that center around a 1,3,5-triazine core scaffolding system, which have been shown to target protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1), glutaredoxin-3 (GLRX3), and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFKP). Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is an important folding catalyst and chaperone for proteins in the secretory pathway. PDIA1 contains two active-site domains (a and a’), each containing a Cys-Gly-His-Cys (CGHC) active-site motif. Here, we synthesize a targeted library o second-generation triazine-based inhibitors to optimize the potency and selectivity of our lead compound, RB-11-ca. Characterization of this targeted library afforded an optimized PDIA1 inhibitor, KSC-34, which covalently modifies C53 in the a site of PDIA1 and demonstrates time-dependent inhibition of the reductase activity of PDIA1 in vitro with a kinact/KI = 9.66 x 103 M-1s-1. Interestingly, KSC-34 treatment demonstrated that a-site inhibition led to decreased secretion of amyloidogenic antibody light chain, thus illustrating that site-selective inhibitors like KSC-34 provide useful tools for delineating the pathological role and therapeutic potential of PDIA1. In 2014, our lab first reported on RB7, a dichlorotriazine-based electrophilic small molecule which displayed extremely high reactivity and selectivity toward lysine residues in the proteome. Herein, we further on this study by investigating the unique reactivity of RB7 through the synthesis of a second-generation small molecule electrophile library and investigating proteome-wide reactivity in vitro and in situ. This library afforded KSC-46, an RB-7 analogue with p-chlorothiophenol tuning element, which provided optimal proteome reactivity to use as a scaffold for the generation of a targeted library. To take advantage of the tuned reactivity of KSC-46, a second-generation targeted library was generated to target react residues in the proteome. This library yielded two molecules, KSC-56 and KSC-65, which were identified to target glutaredoxin-3 (GLRX3) and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFKP), respectively. GLRX3 is a cytosolic, monothiol iron-sulfur cluster chaperon protein which relies on two nucleophilic cysteine residues to bind and transfer iron clusters. PFKP is known to catalyze the first irreversible step in glycolysis and regulates the flux of glucose metabolism in the cell, which makes PFKP an attract therapeutic target. KSC-56 was further characterized to bind to Cys261 in the C-terminal glutaredoxin domain of GLRX3
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Chemistry
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Books on the topic "Triazine"

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Ballantine, Larry G., Janis E. McFarland, and Dennis S. Hackett, eds. Triazine Herbicides: Risk Assessment. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0683.

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1944-, Ballantine Larry Gene, McFarland Janis E. 1956-, and Hackett Dennis S. 1950-, eds. Triazine herbicides: Risk assessment. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998.

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Saka, John Danwell Kalenga. Studies in 1, 2, 3-triazine chemistry. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1985.

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Blackman, Claire. Studies on carbinolamine-containing triazine antitumour agents. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 1994.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs. Special Review and Reregistration Division. Reregistration eligibility decision: 1,3,5-triethylhexahydro-s-triazine, list C, case 3147. [Washington, D.C.?]: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Special Review and Reregistration Division, 1997.

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Feakin, Stephanie J. Biotreatment of surface waters to remove s-triazine herbicides: FR/K 0002, June, 1994. Marlow, Buckinghamshire: Foundation for Water Research, 1994.

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Juracek, Kyle E. Concentrations of triazine herbicides in the unsaturated zone in western Harvey County, Kansas, spring and fall 1992-93. Lawrence, Kan: U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Langland, Michael J. Nutrient and triazine-herbicide concentrations in streams of the Chickies Creek Basin, south-central Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions. [Lemoyne, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Langland, Michael J. Nutrient and triazine-herbicide concentrations in streams of the Chickies Creek Basin, south-central Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions. [Lemoyne, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Langland, Michael J. Nutrient and triazine-herbicide concentrations in streams of the Chickies Creek Basin, south-central Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions. [Lemoyne, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Triazine"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Triazine." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 762. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12076.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Triazine Resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 762. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12077.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Trihydrazide Triazine." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 766. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12127.

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Edmunds, Andrew J. F. "Triazine Herbicides." In Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes, 21–38. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664412.ch2.

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Muir, D. C. G. "Triazine Herbicides." In Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences, 423–35. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2361-7_19.

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Wahad, Faiza, Zeeshan Abid, Sughra Gulzar, Syed Arfan Haider, Munazza Shahid, Muhammad Altaf, and Raja Shahid Ashraf. "Triazine Porous Frameworks." In Porous Polymer Science and Applications, 121–46. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003169604-7.

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Powis, Garth. "Triazine and Hydrazine Derivatives." In Cancer Management in Man, 113–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1095-9_9.

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Hapeman, Cathleen J. "Oxidation ofs-Triazine Pesticides." In ACS Symposium Series, 223–33. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0554.ch014.

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Gianessi, Leonard P. "Benefits of Triazine Herbicides." In ACS Symposium Series, 1–8. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0683.ch001.

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Demaison, J. "275 C3H3N3 1,2,4-Triazine." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 2, 56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10400-8_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Triazine"

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Liu, Zhengwei, Scott Lehrer, Jagrut Jani, and Laszlo Soos. "Advancements in H2S Scavenger Technology." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213500-ms.

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ABSTRACT Presence of H2S in oilfield systems adds to many operational difficulties such as safety, compliance, environmental, and corrosion. Treatment and handling of sour production greatly increases overall well operational costs. Triazine based chemistries are often applied to eliminate H2S from the system. Three major applications where H2S scavengers are applied are produced gas, mixed production, and separated oil. Use of triazine to treat H2S has many drawbacks such as the formation of insoluble solids, which has resulted in the shutdown of gas contact towers. Triazine often exhibit low efficiency and kinetics in mixed production applications and have caused scaling by considerably raising the brine pH. Triazines are normally successful in removing H2S from oil, however large concentrations of these aqueous-based scavengers can have a considerable impact on BS&W, potentially resulting in out-of-spec oil. Triazines that partition into desalted oil can also cause downstream corrosion problems in refineries by producing corrosive hydrochloride salts in crude towers. As a result, several refineries have downgraded or banned crude containing triazines. This paper describes recent development to create new scavenger technologies that helps enable efficient scavenging while eliminating or greatly decreasing issues associated with present scavenger technology. Rather than a universal H2S scavenger with potential performance sacrifices, the strategy followed was to build scavengers that were a best fit for each application. Understanding the application environment and selecting the best scavenger chemistry for the job can result in considerable CAPEX and OPEX savings, increased productivity, improved dependability, and safer H2S management.
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Leach, David, Chao Yan, Wei Wang, and Wei Wei. "Chemical Control of H2S for Unconventional Production: Performance Evaluation of Triazine and Non-Triazine H2S Scavengers in Challenging Environments." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213884-ms.

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Abstract Objectives/Scope Production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in O&G wells is a major issue for the industry due to concerns about toxicity, corrosion risks, and H2S takeaway limits that can result in well shut-in. One of the primary methods to manage sulfide production is to use H2S scavengers, with triazines being the most common. The scope of this work was to evaluate non-triazine alternative chemistries head-to-head with incumbent products under challenging high H2S and CO2 conditions. Methods, Procedures, Process In this study, monoethanolamine (MEA) triazine was tested head-to-head against five alternative chemical products in challenging lab conditions for accelerated product reaction (25 mol % H2S, 16 mol % CO2, balance CH4). Alternatives included an experimental triazine derivative product, an amine/hemiacetal product, a methyleneamine complex product, and two different methylene bis-oxazolidine (MBO) products. Lab performance testing was done by sour gas bubbling through product liquid at a controlled flow rate and ambient pressure and temperature, with constant H2S monitoring until breakthrough and scavenger exhaustion. Scavenger efficiency, process compatibility, pH of scavengers, and solid byproducts were evaluated. Results, Observations, Conclusions As expected, MEA triazine showed the highest raw efficiency for H2S consumption. However, under full exhaustion conditions, the standard triazine formulation produced high levels of solid byproducts that could not be dissolved or removed by various solvents, and it showed high pH before and after reaction demonstrating likely incompatibility with field water chemistries. Other products showed promising application-specific advantages: an experimental triazine derivative showed significantly less solids with good scavenging efficiency, and the hemiacetal and methyleneamine products showed almost no solid byproducts and lower impact on scaling risk from reduced pH. Surprisingly, both MBO products showed undesirable performance under high CO2 and H2S conditions tested, with extremely high insoluble solids production (> 6 lbs/gal) containing large amounts of carbon, oxygen, and sulfur. These results provide useful performance knowledge and guidance for optimized usage of H2S scavenger products in field applications, especially in challenging high CO2 production environments. Novel/Additive Information This study provided testing methods and novel conditions for triazine and non-triazine H2S scavengers, an area of critical importance for safe and economical management of sour O&G production. Our experiments showed key advantages and limitations of some alternative oilfield chemistries in terms of product efficiency, intractable solids production, and impact on scaling risk. These results underscore the importance of application-specific performance testing to validate chemical solutions for production reliability.
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Dreyer, Christian, Alfred Blume, Monika Bauer, Jörg Bauer, and Jens Neumann-Rodekirch. "Triazine based Dendrimers." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01879.

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Jenkins, Alyn, Santosh Gopi, Jody Hoshowski, Warinthon Lertpornsuksawat, Jennifer Jackson, and Thomas Wilson. "Application of a New H2S Scavenger with Improved Performance in The Field." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206057-ms.

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The presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas occurs naturally, or can be introduced via bacteria contamination, in oil and gas reservoirs worldwide. There are several options for the removal of H2S from produced oil and gas ranging from fixed assets that scrub H2S to chemical injection at the wellsite. The area of interest for many operators is in the continuous application of non-reversible chemical H2S scavengers as an easy, reliable and cost-effective solution. The majority of the non-reversible chemical H2S scavenger market is based on triazine technology derived from the reaction products of formaldehyde and amines. In recent past, there has been an active industry wide search to improve the overall performance of H2S scavengers. Major topics for improvement include: Increased H2S scavenging capacityReduction of nitrogen contamination of crude oilReduction of scale formationElimination of by-product depositionAddressing existing environmental, health and safety concernsMinimization of products/reaction by-products disposal Conversely, some of the biggest hurdles with new H2S scavengers are ensuring fast kinetic reaction rates, system compatibility, consumption rates, minimal precipitation of scavenger/by-products, scalable manufacturing and competitive economics. Many new products have been proposed by chemical manufactures but often are not able to deliver enough benefits to warrant a change from the industry standard triazine. One potential solution is to pull through a technology from a different industry that already has established production, in significant volumes, for use in oilfield applications. Ideally, the new product would offer better performance versus the incumbent, a reduction in nitrogen content and minimize solids formation and deposition. A product identified several years ago as a potential replacement was an oxazolidine derivative referred to as MBO (3,3’-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine)). However, MBO has had limited application in the field until recently. MBO offers some of the same benefits as triazine but outperforms the incumbent technology by increasing the consumption of H2S per mole of scavenger, reducing the nitrogen content in crude oil, reducing the by-product deposition potential. Moreover, MBO is already produced in large manufacturing quantities. In this paper we will discuss details about the chemistry and increased formaldehyde content, laboratory results related to performance, system compatibilities, decreased transportation cost and confirmation of field application on large scale that supports the usage of this alternative H2S scavenger to standard triazine. H2S scavengers are used to mitigate the risks presented by H2S. They react with H2S in the liquid phase to form non-hazardous, non-reactive species that are often water soluble and thus disposed with water. Monoethanolamine (MEA) triazine (hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine) is the most widely used scavenger. It is less toxic than most aldehyde scavengers and reacts very quickly with H2S. MEA triazine reacts irreversibly with H2S to form dithiazine (5-hydroxyethylhexahydrodithiazine). One of the major concerns with MEA triazine is that there is a strong possibility of the by-product MEA reacting with excess H2S to form an ethanolammonium sulfide species that in turn reacts with the dithiazine to form a largely insoluble polymer, commonly referred to as amorphous dithiazine. An alternative triazine used in oil and gas production is monomethylamine (MMA) triazine (1,3,5-trimethyl hexahydro-s-triazine). MMA triazine has greater volatility than MEA triazine so is more suitable for dry gas applications. In the cases on MEA triazine and MMA triazine the ratio to amine:formaldehyde is 1:1.
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Patel, Hasmukh, Kenneth Johnson, and Roland Martinez. "Triazine Polymers for Improving Elastic Properties in Oil Well Cements." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204333-ms.

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Abstract The oil well cement placed in the annulus between casings and the formations experience high stresses under downhole conditions. These frequent stresses deteriorate the mechanical properties of cement and lead to the formation of micro-cracks and fractures, which affect production and increases the cost of operation. Although several polymeric materials have been employed to improve tensile properties of the cement, these additives have also adversely affected the compressive strength of the cement. A highly stable polymeric additive, triazine-based polymers, is designed, synthesized, and compounded with the cement to improve the tensile properties of the well-cement. Triazine polymer was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The triazine polymer was mixed with cement and the cement slurries were cured at 180 °F under 3000 psi for 3 days. The set-cement samples were subjected to mechanical testing under high temperature and high pressure to study the elastic properties of the cement. The introduction of this polymer into the cement has improved the elastic properties of the cement with minimum reduction in compressive strength. The thickening time, dynamic compressive strength development, rheology, fluid loss properties, and brazilian tensile strength of the control and cement with triazine polymers were studied to understand the effect of this newly developed polymeric additive. The molecular interaction of the triazine polymer with cement particles has shown formation of covalent linkage between the polymer and cement particle. We have observed a 15 % decrease in Young's modulus for cement compounded with 2%wt. of triazine polymer, indicating the introduction of elastic properties in wellbore cement.
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Taylor, Grahame, Jonathan Wylde, Walter Samaniego, and Ken Sorbie. "Amorphous Polymeric Dithiazine apDTZ Solid Fouling: Critical Review, Analysis and Solution of an Ongoing Challenge in Triazine-Based Hydrogen Sulphide Mitigation." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204397-ms.

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Abstract Despite attempts to inhibit or avoid the formation of fouling deposits (polymeric amorphous dithiazine or apDTZ for short) from the use of MEA triazine, this remains a major operational problem and limits the use of this most popular and ubiquitous hydrogen sulphide (H2S) scavenger. This paper (a) reviews and summarizes previous work, (b) provides fresh insights into the reaction product and mechanism of formation, (c) proposes an effective method of removal, and (d) proposes some mechanisms of apDTZ digestion. The mechanism of apDTZ formation is discussed and reasoning is provided from a variety of perspectives as to the mechanism of MEA-triazine reaction with H2S. These include basicity and nucleophilic substitution considerations, steric properties and theoretical calculations for electron density. Novel procedures to chemically react with and destroy this solid fouling are presented with an in-depth study and experimental verification of the underlying chemistry of this digestion process. A review of agents to chemically destroy apDTZ is undertaken and a very effective solution has been found in peroxyacetic acid, which is much more powerful and effective than previously suggested peroxides. The structure of amorphous polymeric dithiazine is emphasized and the reason why this fouling cannot be 1,3,5-trithiane is stressed. This work therefore overcomes a current industry misconception by providing insight on two major paradoxes in the reaction pathway; namely i) why the thiadiazine reaction product from tris hydroxyethyl triazine (MEA triazine) is never observed and ii) why does the dithiazine in all cases never progress to the trithiane (3rd sulphur molecule substitution)? The latter issue is probably the biggest misconception in the industry and literature regarding triazine and H2S reactions. Many reasons for this are put forward and the common misconception of "overspent" triazine is refuted. A very effective chemical reaction that results in soluble by-products, counteracting the problems produced by this intractable polymer is found and their composition is proposed and experimentally verified.
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Taylor, G. N., J. J. Wylde, T. Müller, J. Murison, and F. Schneider. "Fresh Insight into the H2S Scavenging Mechanism of MEA-Triazine vs. MMA-Triazine." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/184529-ms.

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Bao, Wenbo, Miaojun Xu, He Jia, Hong Liu, and Bin Li. "Triazine macromolecule containing intumescent flame retardant polyolefin." In 2009 IEEE 9th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2009.5252290.

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Lee, Hyojin, Bhimrao Sarwade, Eunkyoung Kim, and Sang-Goo Lee. "Photopolymers containing triazine monomers for holographic recording." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by Susanna Orlic and Klaus Meerholz. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.681584.

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Weller, Michael G., and Reinhard Niessner. "Affinity patterns of enzyme tracers for triazine immunoassays." In Environmental Sensing III, edited by Robert A. Lieberman. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.276170.

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Reports on the topic "Triazine"

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Xu, Y. E., and C. S. Sung. Photophysics of Polycyanate Resin and Triazine Compounds. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327097.

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Kinkead, E. R., S. K. Bunger, and R. E. Wolfe. Irritation and Sensitization Studies on Triazine T17-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada221922.

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Stromer, Bobbi, Rebecca Crouch, Katrinka Wayne, Ashley Kimble, Jared Smith, and Anthony Bednar. Methods for simultaneous determination of 29 legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil-sediment, and tissue matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142105.

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Standard methods are in place for analysis of 17 legacy munitions compounds and one surrogate in water and soil matrices; however, several insensitive munition (IM) and degradation products are not part of these analytical procedures. This lack could lead to inaccurate determinations of munitions in environmental samples by either not measuring for IM compounds or using methods not designed for IM and other legacy compounds. This work seeks to continue expanding the list of target analytes currently included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8330B. This technical report presents three methods capable of detecting 29 legacy, IM, and degradation products in a single High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with either ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorbance detection or mass spectrometric detection. Procedures were developed from previously published works and include the addition of hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX); hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX); hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX); 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT); and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT). One primary analytical method and two secondary (confirmation) methods were developed capable of detecting 29 analytes and two surrogates. Methods for high water concentrations (direct injection), low-level water concentrations (solid phase extraction), soil (solvent extraction), and tissue (solvent extraction) were tested for analyte recovery of the new compounds.
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Cao, Cheng J., Gunda Reddy, Desmond I. Bannon, and Mark S. Johnson. In Vitro Study of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) Metabolism in Human Liver. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada638277.

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Dontsova, Katerina, Susan Taylor, Jennifer Arthur, Julie Becher, Mark Brusseau, Edward Hunt, Noah Mark, Dave Ringelberg, Jirí Šimunek, and Marianne Walsh. Dissolution of NTO, DNAN, and insensitive munitions formulations and their fates in soils : SERDP ER-2220. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45920.

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The US military is interested in replacing TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) with DNAN (2,4-di-nitroanisole) and NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), which have similar explosive characteristics but are less likely to detonate unintentionally. Although these replacements are good explosives, basic information about their fate and transport was needed to evaluate their environmental impact and life-cycle management. This project measured their dissolution, photodegradation, and how aqueous solutions interact with soils, data critical to determining exposure potential and, consequently, risk.
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Stromer, Bobbi, Anthony Bednar, Milo Janjic, Scott Becker, Tamara Kylloe, John Allen, Matt Trapani, John Hargrove, and James Hargrove. Trace explosives detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41520.

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We built three successive versions of a thermal decomposition cavity ring-down spectrometer and tested their response to explosives. These explosive compound analyzers successfully detected nitroglycerine, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythryl tetranitrate, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). We determined the pathlength and limits of detection for each, with the best limit of detection being 13 parts per trillion (ppt) of TNT. For most of the explosive tests, the peak height was higher than the expected value, meaning that peroxy radical chain propagation was occurring with each of the explosives and not just the peroxide TATP.
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Crocker, Fiona, Mark Fuller, and Kayla Clark. Bioaugmentation for enhanced mitigation of explosives in surface soil. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48450.

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Residual munition constituents (MCs) generated from live-fire training exercises persist in soil and can migrate to groundwater, surface waters, and off-range locations. Techniques to mitigate this potential migration are needed. Since the MC hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be biodegraded, soil inoculation with RDX-degrading bacteria (i.e., bioaugmentation) was investigated as a means to reduce the migration potential of RDX. Metagenomic studies using contaminated soils have suggested that a greater diversity of bacteria are capable of RDX biodegradation. However, these bacteria remain uncultivated and are potentially a source of novel enzymes and pathways for RDX biodegradation. In situ soil cultivation of a novel soil array was used to isolate the uncultivated bacteria that had been inferred to degrade RDX. Approximately 10.5% of the bacteria isolated from the soil arrays degraded RDX by the aerobic denitration pathway. Of these, 26.5% were possibly novel species of RDX-degrading bacteria, based on 16S rRNA sequence similarity. Both cell encapsulation in hydrogels and coating cells onto granules of polymeric carbon sources were investigated as carrier/delivery approaches for soil inoculation. However, neither of these approaches could confirm that the observed RDX degradation was by the inoculated bacteria.
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Moores, Lee, Stacy Jones, Garrett George, David Henderson, and Timothy Schutt. Photo degradation kinetics of insensitive munitions constituents nitroguanidine, nitrotriazolone, and dinitroanisole in natural waters. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41900.

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Herein the matrix effects on the kinetics of aqueous photolysis for the individual munitions constituents of IMX-101: nitroguanidine (NQ), dinitroanisole (DNAN), and nitrotriazolone (NTO) are reported along with the environmentally relevant kinetics and quantum yields. Photolysis potentially represents a major degradation pathway for these munitions in the environment and further understanding the complex matrices effects on photolytic kinetics was needed. Aqueous systems are of particular interest due to the high solubility of NQ (3,800 ppm) and NTO (16,642 ppm) compared to the traditional munitions trinitrotoluene (TNT, 100.5 ppm) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX, 59.9 ppm). Environmental half-lives (and quantum yields) were found to be 0.44 days, 0.83 days, and 4.4 days for NQ, DNAN, and NTO, respectively, under natural sunlight. In laboratory experiments using nominally 300 nm bulbs in a merry-go-round style reactor in DI water the relative rate of photolysis for the three munitions constituents followed the same order NQ > DNAN > NTO, where DNAN and NTO reacted 57 and 115 times more slowly, respectively, than NQ. In the various environmentally relevant matrices tested in the laboratory experiments NQ was not significantly affected, DNAN showed a faster degradation with increasing ionic strength, and NTO showed a modest salinity and pH dependence on its rate of photolysis.
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Beal, Samuel, Matthew Bigl, and Charles Ramsey. Live-fire validation of command-detonation residues testing using a 60 mm IMX-104 munition. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45266.

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Command detonation (i.e., static firing) provides a method of testing munitions for their postdetonation residues early in the acquisition process. However, necessary modifications to the firing train and cartridge orientation raise uncertainty whether command detonation accurately represents residue deposition as it occurs during live-fire training. This study col-ected postdetonation residues from live-fired 60 mm IMX-104 mortar cartridges and then compared estimated energetic-compound deposition rates between live fire and prior command detonations of the same munition. Average live-fire deposition rates of IMX-104 compounds determined from 11 detonations were 3800 mg NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), 34 mg DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), 12 mg RDX (1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-Triazine), and 1.9 mg HMX (1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocane) per cartridge. Total live-fire residue deposition (mean ± standard deviation: 3800 ± 900 mg/cartridge) was not significantly different from command detonation using a representative fuze simulator (3800 ± 900 mg/cartridge, n = 7, p = 0.76) but was significantly different from command detonation using a simplified fuze simulator (2200 ± 500 mg/cartridge, n = 7, p < 0.01). While the dominant residue compound NTO was broadly similar between live fire and command detonation, the minor residue compounds RDX and DNAN were underestimated during command detonation by a factor of approximately three to seven.
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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
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