Relevant bibliographies by topics / Triazine

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Triazine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Triazine"

1

Vinogradov, Dmitry B., Alexei N. Izmest’ev, Angelina N. Kravchenko, Yuri A. Strelenko, and Galina A. Gazieva. "Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines via a base-induced rearrangement of functionalized imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 19 (July 28, 2023): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.19.80.

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A series of imidazo[4,5-e][1,3]thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazines was synthesized via a cascade sequence of hydrolysis and skeletal rearrangement of imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-ylidene)acetic acid esters in methanol upon treatment with excess KOH. Imidazo[4,5-e]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazin-6(7H)-ylidene)acetic acid esters are also suitable substrates for the reaction. In this case hydrolysis and thiazole ring expansion were accompanied with the change of the thiazolotriazine junction type from thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazine to thiazino[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazine.
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Krinochkin, A. P., E. D. Ladin, Ya K. Shtaitz, et al. "Interaction of 1,2,4-triazine-5-carbonitriles with 5-hydroxyethylsulfanyl- and 5-hydroxyethoxyethylsulfanyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles." Журнал органической химии 59, no. 11 (2023): 1501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0514749223100137.

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The solvent-free interaction of 1,2,4-triazine-5-carbonitriles with first synthesized 5-hydroxyethylsulfanyland 5-hydroxyethoxyethylsulfanyl-3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles at heating has been studied. It was shown that the presence of these substituents at the C5 position of 1,2,4-triazole changes the direction of the reaction, and 5-amino-1,2,4-triazines are formed as the main products, while the products of the ipso -substitution of the C5-cyano group containing the moiety of the substituted 1,2,4-triazole were isolated only as by-products. In the case of using 1,2,4-triazole with a fragment of mon
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Egorov, Ilya N., Igor S. Kovalev, Vladimir L. Rusinov, and Oleg N. Chupakhin. "Cyclotrimerization of 3-R-1,2,4-Triazin-5(4H)-ones with Cyclic Ketones." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 65, no. 11 (2010): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2010-1111.

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New heterocyclic tetracyclic systems were synthesized. Interaction between 3-R-1,2,4-triazin- 5(4H)-ones and cyclic ketones under acidic conditions leads to the formation of zwitterion derivatives of 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-octahydro-[1,2,4]triazino[1,6- ƒ ]phenanthridine and 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydro-bicyclopenta[ b,d]pyrido[1,2- ƒ ][1,2,4]triazine.
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Collins, David J., Timothy C. Hughes, and Wynona M. Johnson. "Dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-ones. III. Oxidation Products of 1-Methyl-3-phenyl- 4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 10 (1999): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch99047.

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1-Methyl-3-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (1) undergoes aerial oxidation to give a mixture of 1- methyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one (2) and 1-methyl-3-phenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4-triazine-5,6-dione (3). The dehydro derivative (2) was cleanly prepared by the oxidation of (1) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4- benzoquinone (ddq). The dehydro derivative (2) underwent a surprising rearrangement to the triazole (12) upon oxidation with OxoneR. Several attempts at unambiguous synthesis of the α-dicarbonyl derivative (3) were unsuccessful; it was obtained, together with the 1,4-dimethyl
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Zhou, Yifei, and Haixiang Gao. "Energetic salt of guanidinium 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine and its crystal structure." ITM Web of Conferences 47 (2022): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224703044.

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Energetic salt of guanidinium 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine(1) was prepared through the reaction of 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine with guanidinium carbonate. The crystal structure of 1 was characterized. It is the first bicyclic energetic salt based on 3,7-Bis(dinitromethylene)-octahydro-[1,2,4]-triazino-[6,5-e][1,2,4]triazine.
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Jain, Sonika, Pankaj Kumar Jain, Shalu Sain, Dharma Kishore, and Jaya Dwivedi. "Anticancer s-Triazine Derivatives: A Synthetic Attribute." Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 8 (2020): 904–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193x17666200131111851.

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1, 3, 5-Triazine (s-Triazine) is a versatile nucleus to design and develop potent bioactive molecules for drug discovery, particularly in cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the most recent trends in the field of synthetic strategies made for functionalized triazine derivatives active against cell proliferation. This review article covers the synthesis of aryl methylamino, morpholino, triamino substituted triazines, antimitotic agents coupled triazines and many more. Many 1,3,5- triazine derivatives, both hetero-fused and uncondensed, have shown remarkable antitumor activities
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Hurtado, Paola, Ana R. Hortal, Marta Cruz-Guzmán, and Bruno Martínez-Haya. "Fragmentation and Gas Phase Aggregation Processes in the Laser Desorption/Ionization of Chlorodiaminotriazines." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 13, no. 5 (2007): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.892.

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Fragmentation and supramolecular aggregation induced during the laser desorption/ionization (LDI) of four chlorodiaminotriazines (simazine, atrazine, terbutylazine and propazine) have been investigated. The laser wavelength employed (266 nm) lies within the first absorption band of the four triazines. The main fragmentation channel observed involves the prompt cleavage of the Cl atom, followed by partial or total fragmentation of the side alkyl chains. Breakage of the triazinic ring becomes efficient at moderate laser powers; however, the deamination of the triazine is not observed to take pla
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Protas, A. V., O. V. Mikolaichuk, E. A. Popova, et al. "Functionalized 1,3,5-triazine-derivatives as promising anticancer agents: synthesis and cytotoxic activity in vitro." Scientific Notes of the Pavlov University 31, no. 1 (2024): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2024-31-1-55-61.

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Introduction. A promising area of application of 1,3,5-triazines in medical chemistry is the development of highly effective anticancer agents. It is noteworthy that a significant cytotoxic effect may occur with 2,4,6-substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives containing aziridine rings as substituents. These compounds interact with DNA molecules of tumor cells and they are alkylating agents.The objective was to synthesize and investigate the cytotoxic activity in vitro of new aziridine–containing 1,3,5-triazine derivatives against tumor cell lines of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and human hepat
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Lee, Jae Wook, Hyung-Ho Ha, Marc Vendrell, Jacqueline T. Bork, and Young-Tae Chang. "Combinatorial Solid-Phase Synthesis of 6-Aryl-1,3,5-triazines via Suzuki Coupling." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 5 (2011): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11034.

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A synthetic methodology to prepare collections of trisubstituted aryl 1,3,5-triazines with broad structural diversity via Suzuki coupling has been developed. We first optimized the combinatorial derivatization of the triazine core using Suzuki cross-coupling. Second, in order to further expand the methodology for the preparation of negatively charged triazines, we adapted this approach to polymer-supported amino acids and prepared aryl triazines with different charge distribution. With a collection of 160 aryl triazine derivatives in good purities and without any purification step, we proved t
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Ducruet, Jean-Marc, Sophie Creuzet, and Josiane Viénot. "Kinetics of Action of Different Photosystem II Herbicides on Thylakoids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 45, no. 5 (1990): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1990-0507.

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The kinctics of inhibition of photosystem II electron transfer by different diuron-like herbicides (ureas, triazines, triazinoncs, biscarbamates. uraciles) were studied, mainly by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Uracil derivatives and cyanazine, a particular triazinc. were the slowest acting compounds. The half-times of action were strongly temperature-dependent and were of the order of tens of seconds at 5 °C for urea or triazine inhibitors. The role of different limiting steps in the binding process is discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Triazine"

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Horner, Katherine A. "Synthesis and applications of triazole- and triazine-containing amino acids." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11024/.

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Through their use as mimics of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and in bioorthogonal chemical reporting strategies, unnatural amino acids (UAAs) are vital tools for studying biological systems. τ-Phosphotriazolylalanine I can act as a non-hydrolysable analogue of phosphohistidine and is compatible with the Fmoc-strategy for peptide synthesis. Peptides containing either I or an alternative phosphoamino acid were synthesised and used to demonstrate the selectivity of the SH2 domain of the growth factor receptor-bound 2 protein (a phosphotyrosine binding protein) towards τ-phosphohistidine
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Hug, Stephan. "Covalent triazine frameworks." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-185677.

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Kalenga, J. D. "Studies in 1,2,3-triazine chemistry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356612.

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ALFIO, Alessia. "Sintesi ed Attività Biologica di nuovi derivati Triazenici e Triazinici." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91003.

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Moreno, Karlos Xavier. "NMR studies of the conformation of a triazine dendrimer and the synthesis of a platinated triazine dendrimer." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2450.

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Tambo, Yasukazu. "Validierung eines Enzymimmunoassays und Entwicklung von Standardmaterialien für die Analytik freier und gebundener Triazinrückstände." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=966389441.

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Carling, Caroline J. "Transition metal chemistry of triazine based ligands." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435449.

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Mason, Pamela V. "Triazine hosts for metal coordination and hydrogen-bonding." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415866.

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Pearson, J. C. "Affinity precipitation of protein using triazine dye derivatives." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378382.

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Cole, Kyle S. "Synthesis and Characterization of Triazine-Based Chemical Probes." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107697.

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Thesis advisor: Eranthie Weerapana<br>The 1,3,5-triazine is a privileged scaffold in that it is planar and has three-fold symmetry which allows for controlled modification around the ring structure with various substituents. In this thesis, we report on two modular inhibitor libraries that center around a 1,3,5-triazine core scaffolding system, which have been shown to target protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1), glutaredoxin-3 (GLRX3), and 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFKP). Protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic ret
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Books on the topic "Triazine"

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Ballantine, Larry G., Janis E. McFarland, and Dennis S. Hackett, eds. Triazine Herbicides: Risk Assessment. American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0683.

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1944-, Ballantine Larry Gene, McFarland Janis E. 1956-, and Hackett Dennis S. 1950-, eds. Triazine herbicides: Risk assessment. American Chemical Society, 1998.

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Saka, John Danwell Kalenga. Studies in 1, 2, 3-triazine chemistry. University of East Anglia, 1985.

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Blackman, Claire. Studies on carbinolamine-containing triazine antitumour agents. University of Portsmouth, 1994.

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Jammal, Ali El. Etude électrochimique d'une triazine substituée et de quelques complexes métalliques. A.N.R.T, Université Pierre Mendes France (Grenoble II), 1986.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs. Special Review and Reregistration Division. Reregistration eligibility decision: 1,3,5-triethylhexahydro-s-triazine, list C, case 3147. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Special Review and Reregistration Division, 1997.

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Feakin, Stephanie J. Biotreatment of surface waters to remove s-triazine herbicides: FR/K 0002, June, 1994. Foundation for Water Research, 1994.

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Langland, Michael J. Nutrient and triazine-herbicide concentrations in streams of the Chickies Creek Basin, south-central Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Langland, Michael J. Nutrient and triazine-herbicide concentrations in streams of the Chickies Creek Basin, south-central Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Langland, Michael J. Nutrient and triazine-herbicide concentrations in streams of the Chickies Creek Basin, south-central Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Triazine"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Triazine." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12076.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Triazine Resin." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12077.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Trihydrazide Triazine." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12127.

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Edmunds, Andrew J. F. "Triazine Herbicides." In Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527664412.ch2.

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Muir, D. C. G. "Triazine Herbicides." In Mass Spectrometry in Environmental Sciences. Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2361-7_19.

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Wahad, Faiza, Zeeshan Abid, Sughra Gulzar, et al. "Triazine Porous Frameworks." In Porous Polymer Science and Applications. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003169604-7.

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Powis, Garth. "Triazine and Hydrazine Derivatives." In Cancer Management in Man. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1095-9_9.

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Hapeman, Cathleen J. "Oxidation ofs-Triazine Pesticides." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0554.ch014.

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Gianessi, Leonard P. "Benefits of Triazine Herbicides." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0683.ch001.

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Demaison, J. "275 C3H3N3 1,2,4-Triazine." In Asymmetric Top Molecules. Part 2. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10400-8_23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Triazine"

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Soderberg, Jeff, Hossein Jozani, and Dave Horton. "Control of Solids Formation in Spent MEA and MMA Triazine H2S Scavengers." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00120.

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Abstract Triazine-based H2S scavengers are widely used in sweetening sour gas in bubble towers (scrubbers) and contactors due to the attractive combination of low cost, rapid reaction kinetics, and the high capacity for H2S removal. However, triazines are known to form troublesome solids known as dithiazines upon reaction with H2S. These deposits are exceptionally insoluble in typical solvent packages in scavengers and substantial quantities can deposit throughout the system. It has been reported that in the application of monoethanolamine (MEA) triazine scavengers, the severity of dithiazine
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Liu, Zhengwei, Scott Lehrer, Jagrut Jani, et al. "Development of Optimal Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers for Oilfield Applications." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19563.

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Abstract Triazine is the most common scavenger chemistry applied to remove low level H2S in oilfield applications. Despite widespread usage, triazine is commonly incapable of efficient and effective treatment in both mixed production and direct injection applications. In these applications, triazine application has resulted in severe solids formation from scavenging reaction, increase of scaling tendencies, and oil and gas contamination issues in refinery and gas system processes. These issues lead to high overall treatment cost and unsatisfactory performance. This paper describes recent devel
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Marais, Willem-Louis. "Solids Formation in MEA Triazine Contact Towers, Prevention and Advice." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17483.

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Abstract Triazines (Hexahydrotriazines) are one of the most used H2S scavenger chemistries in the North American oil and gas industry, specifically MEA triazines. The chemistry and application methods are well known due to over 2 decades of use, it has gained a commodity status and is thus a highly cost effective H2S treatment solution. Currently it offers one of the lowest cost per mass of H2S removed available in the market. There are however risks when using triazines, one being the formation of polymeric solids. This is mainly due to “overspending” the Triazine (over exposure of the dithia
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Caseres, Leonardo, James Dante, Florent Bocher, Brendy Rincon Troconis, and Vinicio Ynciarte. "Effects of Triazine-Based H2S Scavengers Byproducts on the Film Composition and Cracking of Carbon Steel in Oilfield Applications." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13401.

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Abstract Corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of H2S is an important topic in the oil and gas industry that has been studied for more than fifty years. Removing this compound results in not only an increase in the corrosion resistance of carbon steel, but also an improvement of environmental, health and safety compliance, thereby increasing production efficiency. Triazines are commonly used as H2S scavengers. However, failures in the form of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) have recently been reported when using certain triazines making it necessary to understand the failure mechanism in o
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Ramachandran, Sunder, Jeremy Leidensdorf, Scott Lehrer, Vaithilingam Panchalingam, Soma Chakraborty, and Danika Ahroor. "New, Non-corrosive, Non-Nitrogen Containing H2S Scavenger for Use in Predominately Oil and Gas Systems." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14618.

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Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is often present in oil and gas production fluids. The gas is toxic, corrosive to mild steel and induces localized sulfide corrosion cracking (SCC) in materials with susceptible metallurgical properties Treatment with H2S scavengers can enable the use of less-expensive low alloy carbon steel materials. Triazines and glyoxal are commonly used H2S scavengers in oil and gas production. In some instances they are used to reduce H2S levels to safe values and make the installation safer. There are problems with the use of trazine and glyoxal. Triazines especially Mono
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Ondyak, James, James Noland, and Parag Shah. "Impact of Unreacted Mea-Triazine on Refinery Operation." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16832.

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Abstract When oil producers or shippers treat for H2S removal, the market share leading chemistry is MEA-triazine. The reaction to capture H2S generates monoethanolamine (MEA) as a byproduct and also requires a stoichiometric excess of MEA-triazine to control H2S to the desired level. The presence of a stoichiometric excess causes MEA-triazine contamination in the crude. This paper provides new information on the impact of unreacted MEA-triazine on the risk of overhead corrosion in the crude unit. The conclusion is that unreacted MEA-triazine is a contaminant of significant concern. Distillati
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Horton, Miles, Cody May, Ya Lui, Gil Guerrero, Zhengwei Liu, and Brandon Stephens. "Controlling Hydrogen Sulfide Using Acrolein in Produced Water and Mixed Phase Production." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19555.

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Abstract Dissolved hydrogen sulfide in oilfield water or mixed production can cause a multitude of issues. While H2S can be efficiently scavenged in the gas phase with triazine or amine towers, dissolved sulfide in the water phase can be more challenging to remove, especially as the concentration of sulfide approaches parts per million (ppm) level. Using triazines is an option to scavenge dissolved sulfide but necessitates using large volumes of chemical, requiring high treatment rates, and potentially introducing new issues such as scaling due to pH increase. Acrolein is an effective oil and
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Rana, Geeta, Michael Braden, Julian M. Gallardo, and Matthew Trevino. "Development of High Temperature Non-Triazine Based Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger: Corrosion Mitigation and Impact on the Refinery Operations." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09530.

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Abstract Triazines have been an industry standard as hydrogen sulfide scavengers for the past 40-50 years but their use has been associated with scaling issues and detrimental effects in the refineries. In our efforts to develop a new hydrogen sulfide scavenger, the current work has led to the development of a new non-triazine, non-scaling, low nitrogen content, and thermally stable hydrogen sulfide scavenger. The laboratory performance evaluations and field data of the novel non-triazine based high temperature stable H2S scavenger will be discussed. The new H2S scavenger acts as a corrosion i
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Marais, Willem-Louis. "MEA Triazine Contactor Optimization to Increase Efficiency and Reduce Fouling Potential." In CONFERENCE 2024. AMPP, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2024-20391.

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Abstract Liquid absorbents have been utilized for decades to remove impurities from produced natural gas. Throughout the last 15 years, monoethanolamine (MEA) triazine has become an industry-recognized name for the removal of sour gas (H2S). MEA triazine has one of the lowest cost profiles in terms of cost per mass of H2S removed and has obtained a commodity status. It is widely used in the oil and gas industry, both on production (upstream, midstream) and processing (downstream). MEA Triazine is typically applied via direct injection into flowlines or applied in contactor vessels (“scrubbers”
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Patel, Amit, Jesse Contreras, John Green, and John Wodarcyk. "Physical Fouling inside a Crude Unit Overhead from a Reaction Byproduct of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)-S-triazine Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-06054.

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Abstract Monoethanolamine (MEA) hydrochloride salts, which are formed from the use of hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (commonly referred to as MEA triazine), a hydrogen sulfide scavenger, can create major corrosion issues inside an atmospheric crude oil distillation unit. Recently, deposit formation has been observed in a crude unit processing significant quantities of tight oil; these deposits result from polymerization of dithiazines (a reaction byproduct of MEA triazine) in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Such fouling has been reported in upstream applications. This paper
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Reports on the topic "Triazine"

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Xu, Y. E., and C. S. Sung. Photophysics of Polycyanate Resin and Triazine Compounds. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327097.

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Kinkead, E. R., S. K. Bunger, and R. E. Wolfe. Irritation and Sensitization Studies on Triazine T17-2. Defense Technical Information Center, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada221922.

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Stromer, Bobbi, Rebecca Crouch, Katrinka Wayne, Ashley Kimble, Jared Smith, and Anthony Bednar. Methods for simultaneous determination of 29 legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil-sediment, and tissue matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142105.

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Standard methods are in place for analysis of 17 legacy munitions compounds and one surrogate in water and soil matrices; however, several insensitive munition (IM) and degradation products are not part of these analytical procedures. This lack could lead to inaccurate determinations of munitions in environmental samples by either not measuring for IM compounds or using methods not designed for IM and other legacy compounds. This work seeks to continue expanding the list of target analytes currently included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8330B. This technical report pr
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Cao, Cheng J., Gunda Reddy, Desmond I. Bannon, and Mark S. Johnson. In Vitro Study of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) Metabolism in Human Liver. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada638277.

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Dontsova, Katerina, Susan Taylor, Jennifer Arthur, et al. Dissolution of NTO, DNAN, and insensitive munitions formulations and their fates in soils : SERDP ER-2220. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45920.

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The US military is interested in replacing TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) and RDX (1,3,5-hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) with DNAN (2,4-di-nitroanisole) and NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), which have similar explosive characteristics but are less likely to detonate unintentionally. Although these replacements are good explosives, basic information about their fate and transport was needed to evaluate their environmental impact and life-cycle management. This project measured their dissolution, photodegradation, and how aqueous solutions interact with soils, data critical to determinin
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Stromer, Bobbi, Anthony Bednar, Milo Janjic, et al. Trace explosives detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41520.

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We built three successive versions of a thermal decomposition cavity ring-down spectrometer and tested their response to explosives. These explosive compound analyzers successfully detected nitroglycerine, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythryl tetranitrate, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine and triacetone triperoxide (TATP). We determined the pathlength and limits of detection for each, with the best limit of detection being 13 parts per trillion (ppt) of TNT. For most of the explosive tests, the peak height was higher than the expected value, meaning that peroxy radical chain propagati
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Crocker, Fiona, Mark Fuller, and Kayla Clark. Bioaugmentation for enhanced mitigation of explosives in surface soil. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48450.

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Residual munition constituents (MCs) generated from live-fire training exercises persist in soil and can migrate to groundwater, surface waters, and off-range locations. Techniques to mitigate this potential migration are needed. Since the MC hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) can be biodegraded, soil inoculation with RDX-degrading bacteria (i.e., bioaugmentation) was investigated as a means to reduce the migration potential of RDX. Metagenomic studies using contaminated soils have suggested that a greater diversity of bacteria are capable of RDX biodegradation. However, these bacte
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Moores, Lee, Stacy Jones, Garrett George, David Henderson, and Timothy Schutt. Photo degradation kinetics of insensitive munitions constituents nitroguanidine, nitrotriazolone, and dinitroanisole in natural waters. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41900.

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Herein the matrix effects on the kinetics of aqueous photolysis for the individual munitions constituents of IMX-101: nitroguanidine (NQ), dinitroanisole (DNAN), and nitrotriazolone (NTO) are reported along with the environmentally relevant kinetics and quantum yields. Photolysis potentially represents a major degradation pathway for these munitions in the environment and further understanding the complex matrices effects on photolytic kinetics was needed. Aqueous systems are of particular interest due to the high solubility of NQ (3,800 ppm) and NTO (16,642 ppm) compared to the traditional mu
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Beal, Samuel, Matthew Bigl, and Charles Ramsey. Live-fire validation of command-detonation residues testing using a 60 mm IMX-104 munition. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45266.

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Command detonation (i.e., static firing) provides a method of testing munitions for their postdetonation residues early in the acquisition process. However, necessary modifications to the firing train and cartridge orientation raise uncertainty whether command detonation accurately represents residue deposition as it occurs during live-fire training. This study col-ected postdetonation residues from live-fired 60 mm IMX-104 mortar cartridges and then compared estimated energetic-compound deposition rates between live fire and prior command detonations of the same munition. Average live-fire de
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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially i
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