Academic literature on the topic 'Tribal air law'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tribal air law"
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Donatuto, Jamie, Larry Campbell, Joyce K. LeCompte, Diana Rohlman, and Sonni Tadlock. "The Story of 13 Moons: Developing an Environmental Health and Sustainability Curriculum Founded on Indigenous First Foods and Technologies." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218913.
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The Swinomish Indian Tribal Community developed an informal environmental health and sustainability (EHS) curriculum based on Swinomish beliefs and practices. EHS programs developed and implemented by Indigenous communities are extremely scarce. The mainstream view of EHS does not do justice to how many Indigenous peoples define EHS as reciprocal relationships between people, nonhuman beings, homelands, air, and waters. The curriculum provides an alternative informal educational platform for teaching science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) using identification, harvest, and preparation activities of First Foods and medicines that are important to community members in order to increase awareness and understanding of local EHS issues. The curriculum, called 13 Moons, is founded on a set of guiding principles which may be useful for other Indigenous communities seeking to develop their own curricula.
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Abbasi, Dr Abid Hussain, and Saad Jaffar. "Islamization of Zia Regime: An Appraisal from Gender Perspective." Al-Duhaa 2, no. 02 (September 26, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51665/al-duhaa.002.02.0074.
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General Zia Ul Haq’s military regime is known, for many for its blatant violation of human rights, hanging, flogging, and imprisonment of political workers. Even intelligentsia and journalists were executed for political reasons during this regime. However, his regime was particularly known for suppression of women rights in his process of Islamization. After deposing Bhutto by imposing Martial Law General Zia took over the helm of affairs of the country on the 5th of July 1977 and remained in power with full autocracy till 17th August 1988 when his plan was ablaze in the air near Bahawalpur. This study is an attempt to analyze the process of Islamization by General Zia, its causes, suppressive actions act against various segments of society especially women. The study is also an attempt to search for the answers to the question “Was his policy of Islamization a sincere effort to implement the Islamic system or merely politically motivated? The response of women against Islamization regarding gender-related laws is also a significant part of the paper. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used to investigate and research the facts about the Islamization process and the struggle of women against it. The memoirs and interviews of participating women activists, scholars, and other leading figures have also been consulted to fill the leftover scholarly gap. Pakistan is predominantly a feudal and tribal nation with patriarchal beliefs and mindsets. In the South Asian region, religion has always played an essential role in the lives of ordinary men and women, although women have been enslaved and dominated in the name of religion far more than males.
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Miller, Bruce G. "Folk Law and Contemporary Coast Salish Tribal Code." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 19, no. 3 (January 1, 1995): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.19.3.057h3tm621128147.
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Wang, Hao, and Xiao Guang Gao. "A Midcourse Guidance Method of Long Range Air-to-Air Anti-Radiation Missile." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7106.
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A passive guidance method is used in midcourse guidance stage of long range air-to-air anti-radiation missile, which based on the passive location theory of moving single observer to moving radiant point. The special request of guidance law caused by passive guidance is studied, and a model of guidance law named “proportional guidance of swing object direction” is put forward. The model resolves the problem of midcourse guidance method for long range air-to-air anti-radiation missile, and the distance of “fire and forget” could be expanded to launch distance. The simulative trials and analysis of the result show that the guidance law could satisfy the observable condition of passive guidance, and the capability of trajectory is close to the one which produced by proportional guidance low.
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Garroutte, Eva Marie. "The Racial Formation of American Indians: Negotiating Legitimate Identities within Tribal and Federal Law." American Indian Quarterly 25, no. 2 (2001): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aiq.2001.0020.
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Breen, Patricia D. "The Trial Penalty and Jury Sentencing: A Study of Air Force Courts-Martial." Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 8, no. 1 (February 17, 2011): 206–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-1461.2010.01206.x.
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Groenevelt, P. H., and G. G. Lemoine. "On the measurement of air permeability." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 3 (August 1, 1987): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i3.16733.
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Air pemeability values are used to assess the state of aeration, soil structural stability, structural degradation and compaction. A simple experimental procedure, using a constant-speed motor, a syringe and simple pressure sensors, is discussed. At steady-state air flow throught a soil sample the air permeability coefficient can be derived directly from Kirkham's equation. For transient conditions an equation is presented, based on a combination of Kirkham's equation and the ideal gas law, from which the air permeability coefficient can be deduced by trial and error. The importance of the soil water potential, in relation to the measurement of air permeability, is discussed. Complications arising from the 'non-ideal' behaviour of the pressure sensor are also discussed. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Yosmaoglu, İpek Kocaömer. "Avi Rubin. Ottoman Rule of Law and the Modern Political Trial: The Yıldız Case." American Historical Review 126, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhab153.
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Woolnough, Andrew P., Tim J. Lowe, and Ken Rose. "Can the Judas technique be applied to pest birds?" Wildlife Research 33, no. 6 (2006): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06009.
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The Judas technique was evaluated for its use as a technique to assist with the control of the common starling (Sturnus vulgaris). This technique uses the natural behaviour of a gregarious animal to betray the location of itself and its companions through radio-telemetry. Two trials were conducted to assess and develop the technique for starlings. The first trial was conducted near the western edge of the starling’s current established range in Australia, at Penong in South Australia. Nine out of ten radio-tagged birds were successfully tracked from the ground and air. Estimates of the areas utilised varied from 1.1 km2 to 96.5 km2 (100% convex polygons). Night-time roosts were found for three of the nine radio-tagged birds and control (shooting) recovered just one bird directly associated with a Judas starling, as well as the radio-tagged bird. The second trial was conducted at Munglinup near Esperance in Western Australia. Munglinup is the site of a recent infestation of starlings and is the most western-known outlier of this pest in Australia. At this site, five radio-tagged starlings tracked from the ground and air, utilised areas ranging from 0.7 km2 to 51.6 km2. Reduced fidelity to roosting trees impaired our ability to destroy starlings here. However, the real value of the Munglinup trial was to expand the geographical area known to be occupied by this population from 103 km2 to more than 225 km2 and to identify habitats and roost sites used by the starlings. We conclude that the Judas technique could be applied to starlings and other pest birds with similar social structures as a means of strategic surveillance rather than as an adjunct to control per se.
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Premo, Bianca. "Meticulous Imprecision: Calculating Age in Colonial Spanish American Law." American Historical Review 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhaa169.
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Abstract It is easy to presume that age’s legal value rests in the autonomy and rights that accrue to the liberal (male, propertied) citizen who has reached the age of majority. But this is not universally so. In Spain’s American colonies, legal age talk involved multiplying privileges rather than exclusionary subtraction. Few indigenous peoples, enslaved people of African descent, or members of the free casta poor tallied the years they had lived in a manner that meets modern standards of precision. Instead, the ages that Spanish American officials set down on paper in criminal trials, censuses, and freedom suits derived from complicated cultural equations, including reconciling local ethno-numeracies with European counting systems. For all its seeming imprecision, age was of critical importance to colonial Spanish Americans, since rather than guaranteeing access to rights, age was a language that colonial subjects used to turn legal incapacities into beneficial protections.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tribal air law"
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Lestrade, Éric. "Les principes directeurs du procès dans la jurisprudence du Conseil Constitutionnel." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40033/document.
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Malgré le peu de fondements écrits consacrés à la justice dans le texte de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958, le Conseil constitutionnel, en réalisant un travail d’actualisation à partir de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen, a permis l’émergence d’un droit constitutionnel processuel, construit autour de principes directeurs. Ceux-ci peuvent être répartis dans trois catégories : deux principales, selon que l’acteur du procès prioritairement concerné soit le juge ou les parties et une troisième, complémentaire, celle des garanties procédurales, permettant de favoriser les qualités essentielles du juge et de contrôler le respect des droits des parties. Une gradation des exigences du Conseil constitutionnel est discrètement perceptible entre les deux premières catégories de principes, plus facilement identifiable entre celles-ci et la dernière famille. Cette échelle décroissante de « densité » des principes directeurs du procès témoigne d’une véritable politique jurisprudentielle en matière de droit constitutionnel processuel, qui met l’accent sur l’accès au juge, doté des qualités indispensables à l’accomplissement de sa mission juridictionnelle. Toutefois, aussi satisfaisante que soit l’action du juge constitutionnel français à l’égard du droit du procès, celle-ci nécessiterait aujourd’hui le relais du constituant, afin de moderniser le statut constitutionnel de la justiceIn spite of a relatively low number of written dispositions dedicated to justice inside of the body of the Constitution of October 1958 4th, the constitutional Council, while updating this text through the Declaration of Human Rights, contributed to the development of a procedural constitutional law, which is structured around guiding principles. Those principles can be classified within three different categories : two major categories depend on the trial actor that is primarily concerned, either the judge or the parties; a third and additional category pertaining to procedural protections, fosters the essential qualities of the judge and secure the protection of the parties’ rights. A gradation of the requirements of the constitutional Council is discreetly perceptible between the first two categories of principles, and more easily identifiable between those first two categories and the last one. This decreasing scale of “density” yoked to the trial guiding principles highlights a genuine judicial policy when it comes to procedural constitutional law, emphasizing access to the judge, whom is given essential qualities in order to achieve its judicial duty. However, the action of the French constitutional judge, as satisfactory as it is towards the rights of the trial, would easily support the intervention of the constituent power in order to update Justice’s constitutional status
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Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.
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La première partie de l’étude est consacrée à l’invocation, intra et extra muros, du droit à un procès équitable. Sont analysés ainsi, dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité directe de l’article 6 et la subsidiarité de la Convention par rapport au droit national et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme par rapport aux juridictions nationales. Le droit à un procès équitable étant un droit jurisprudentiel, l’étude se focalise, dans un second temps, sur l’invocabilité des arrêts de la Cour Européenne et plus précisément sur l’invocabilité directe de l’arrêt qui constate une violation du droit à un procès équitable dans une affaire mettant en cause l’Etat et l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme à l’arrêt qui interprète l’article 6 dans une affaire mettant en cause un Etat tiers. L’introduction dans l’ordre juridique français et hellénique de la possibilité de réexamen de la décision pénale définitive rendue en violation de la Convention a fait naitre un nouveau droit d’accès à la Cour de cassation lequel trouve son terrain de prédilection aux violations de l’article 6 et constitue peut-être le pas le plus important pour le respect du droit à un procès équitable après l’acceptation (par la France et la Grèce) du droit de recours individuel. Quant au faible fondement de l’autorité de la chose interprétée par la Cour Européenne, qui est d’ailleurs un concept d’origine communautaire, cela explique pourquoi un dialogue indirect entre la Cour Européenne et la Cour de cassation est possible sans pour autant changer en rien l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme et le fait que l’existence d’un précédent oblige la Cour de cassation à motiver l’interprétation divergente qu’elle a adoptée.La seconde partie de l’étude, qui est plus volumineuse, est consacrée aux garanties de bonne administration de la justice (article 6§1), à la présomption d’innocence (article 6§2), aux droits qui trouvent leur fondement conventionnel dans l’article 6§1 mais leur fondement logique dans la présomption d’innocence et aux droits de la défense (article 6§3). Sont ainsi analysés le droit à un tribunal indépendant, impartial et établi par la loi, le délai raisonnable, le principe de l’égalité des armes, le droit à une procédure contradictoire, le droit de la défense d’avoir la parole en dernier, la publicité de l’audience et du prononcé des jugements et arrêts, l’obligation de motivation des décisions, la présomption d’innocence, dans sa dimension procédurale et personnelle, le « droit au mensonge », le droit de l’accusé de se taire et de ne pas contribuer à son auto-incrimination, son droit d’être informé de la nature et de la cause de l’accusation et de la requalification envisagée des faits, son droit au temps et aux facilités nécessaires à la préparation de la défense, y compris notamment la confidentialité de ses communications avec son avocat et le droit d’accès au dossier, son droit de comparaître en personne au procès, le droit de la défense avec ou sans l’assistance d’un avocat, le droit de l’accusé d’être représenté en son absence par son avocat, le droit à l’assistance gratuite d’un avocat lorsque la situation économique de l’accusé ne permet pas le recours à l’assistance d’un avocat mais les intérêts de la justice l’exigent, le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge et le droit à l’interprétation et à la traduction des pièces essentielles du dossier. L’analyse est basée sur la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise et centrée sur la position qu’adoptent la Cour de cassation française et l’AréopageThe first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights
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"Indigeneity in the Air: The Highs and Lows of Asserting Tribal Airspace Sovereignty." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53763.
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abstract: Advancements in marine and aerospace technology drive legal reform in admiralty and air law. The increased accessibility and affordability of these technologies demand and motivate lawmakers and federal agencies to anticipate potential threats to peoples’ rights and resources in the seas and skies. Given the recent applications of unmanned aircraft in the public and private sectors, developments in aircraft and air law are rapidly becoming more relevant to American Indian and Alaska Native tribes. In anticipation of legal reform, tribal nations are taking steps to assert, expand, and secure their air rights before agencies or the courts attempt to divest their sovereign authority. An analysis of two case studies through a lens of water and federal Indian law locates spaces in American jurisprudence that have the legal foundation and structural capacity to support a greater presence of Indigeneity in airspace. Research findings from these studies answer the following inquiries about tribal airspace sovereignty: where does Indigeneity reside in the US national airspace system and domestic air law, how are tribal air rights strengthened or weakened by American jurisprudence, what strategies do tribes employ to exercise their sovereignty in airspace, and how are tribes planning for future developments in aircraft and air law? Answers lead to proof of how meaningful consultation through collaborative rulemaking produces far greater mutual benefits than burdens for federal agencies and tribes, and much more. Most importantly, these discoveries celebrate a diverse and accumulative strategic legacy of strengthening and expanding tribal sovereignty in the face of imminent threats and possibilities in tribal airspace.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis American Indian Studies 2019
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Tiemeyer, Philip James. "Manhood up in the air : gender, sexuality, corporate culture, and the law in twentieth century America." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/15916.
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This project analyzes the sexual and gender politics of flight attendants, especially the men who did this work, since the 1930s. It traces how and why the flight attendant corps became the nearly exclusive domain of white women by the 1950s, then considers the various legal battles under the 1964 Civil Rights Act to re-integrate men into the workforce, open up greater opportunities for African-Americans, and liberate women from onerous age and marriage restrictions that cut short their careers. While other scholars have emphasized flight attendants' contributions in battling sexism in the courts, this project is unique in expanding such consideration to homosexuality. Male flight attendants' status as gender pariahs in the workforce (as men performing "women's work")--combined with the fact that many of them were gay--made them objects of "homosexual panic" in the 1950s, both in legal proceedings and in various forms of extra-legal intimidation. A decade later, aspirant flight attendants were participants in some of the first cases brought by men under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Their victories in the courts greatly benefited the gay community, among others, which thereby enjoyed greater freedom to enter a highly visible, public-relationsoriented corporate career. As such, my project helps to recast the legal legacy of the civil rights movement as a three-pronged reform, confronting homophobia as well as racism and sexism. Beyond legal considerations, Manhood Up in the Air also examines how both labor unions and the airlines negotiated a legal environment and public sentiment that largely condoned firing homosexuals, while nonetheless accommodating gay employees. This form of accommodation existed in the 1950s, though much more precariously than in the post-Stonewall decade of the 1970s. Thus, the project records the pre-history to the current reality, in which both corporations (with airlines at the forefront) and labor unions have become core supporters of the contemporary gay rights movement.text
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Steytler, Nicolaas Christiaan. "The undefended accused on trial : justice in the lower courts." Thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5235.
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Due to the party-orientation and professional nature of the adversary mode of criminal procedure, the principles of a fair trial are best observed where the accused is represented by a lawyer. Given the advantages to be gained from legal representation, the principle of equal justice requires that all accused should have access to legal assistance and thus that legal aid should be provided for indigent accused. The South African legal aid scheme cannot yet provide assistance to all indigent accused because of
the large number of these accused, the shortage of manpower and the lack of funds. There are, however, few legislative provisions to safeguard the rights of the vast majority of accused, arraigned in the lower courts, who remain undefended. The Supreme Court, in order to ensure that these accused are fairly tried, has imposed the following types of duties on judicial officers: (a) a duty to facilitate the accused's participation in the proceedings by advising him of his rights and duties and assisting him in their exercise; (b) a duty to control the prosecutor in the exercise of his powers; and (c) a duty to conduct an enquiry before arriving at administrative-type decisions. These duties are, however, inadequate to achieve the Court's, objective because, firstly, not all, rights are made
accessible to the accused, and secondly, the duties are inadequate to ensure that the accused's guilt is reliably established. The failure of the legislature and the Supreme Court to incorporate the principle of equal justice into the legal process, has resulted in court proceedings that are
characterized by unjust practices and outcomes. To ensure the more equitable prosecution of undefended accused it is suggested that an activist judicial officer should be responsible for the enforcement of all the principles of a fair trial (which would be concretized in clear legal rules)
in an impartial manner, with his decisionmaking routinely supervised by the Supreme Court.Thesis (LL.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1986.
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FICK, JOSHUA DAVID. "USE OF ACCEPTABILITY AND USABILITY TRIALS TO EVALUATE VARIOUS DESIGN ITERATIONS OF THE PERSONAL LIFT ASSISTIVE DEVICE (PLAD)." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6777.
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The purpose of this research is twofold: 1) to apply a user-centred approach to examine the usability and acceptability of an on-body ergonomic aid called the Personal Lift Assistive Device (PLAD) in a variety of industrial work environments and 2) to utilize subjective user acceptability data on discomfort, pain and overall PLAD assessment by participants to identify design features that need improvement in the next PLAD iteration. Case studies took place in four different industrial work environments: two distribution centre environments, one retail store environment and one automotive assembly plant environment. These environments were selected to represent different industrial work environments. In total, 20 industrial workers were selected to wear the PLAD and provide their feedback. Results were obtained using subjective questionnaires through verbal and written comments as well as through direct observation of the participants. Three major design changes occurred to the original PLAD iteration tested at the first industrial location. These included: 1) using different stiffness levels of springs for different sizes of individuals in an attempt to decrease discomfort and optimize the effectiveness of the PLAD, 2) an increase in pelvic spacer size and surface area contacting the user’s body to reduce discomfort and 3) modification to the shoulder harness including; shape, dimensions and amount of cushioning to reduce discomfort. Currently, three major design changes were identified and still need to be addressed. These include: 1) reduction of thermal discomfort caused by wearing the PLAD, 2) validation of selecting the appropriate spring stiffness for small, medium and large users of the PLAD (male and female) under various working postures and 3) simplification of the donning and doffing process. Additionally, a simple PLAD spring stiffness sizing chart was created to aid potential manufacturers of the PLAD to select the appropriate spring stiffness for various users of the PLAD. This sizing chart was designed to maintain an average lumbar moment reduction of 15%, while taking discomfort of the shoulders caused by the spring stiffness and overall cost into consideration.Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-09-28 09:03:01.463
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Zubane, Nozipho Ronalda. "The land system in 'black' urban and rural areas of the province of KwaZulu-Natal and the effect of the new land reforms thereon." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17879.
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The above topic deals with the land use planning, the land-tenure and the deeds registration systems, applicable in former black urban and rural areas of KwaZulu Natal.
These areas are divided into three categories, namely:
1. black townships on former black land (former KwaZulu townships);
2. rural or tribal land; and
3. black townships on former white land (Development Aid (DDA) townships).
The writer firstly explains how the above categories of land were created in terms of the 1913 and 1936 land laws and how the administration and control of the first two categories was
taken over by the former KwaZulu Legislative Assembly in 1986 whilst administration and control of the last category remained with the South African Development Trust.
The writer critically analyses different pieces of legislation relating to the land system in the abovementioned categories of land. The writer further critically analyses the new land laws and their effect on the said land system.Law
LL.M.
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Barwise, Maria Elizabeth Danetta. "Reg op regsverteenwoordiging met spesifieke verwysing na 'n handves van menseregte." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18065.
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Text in AfrikaansThe Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 200 of 1993 that took effect from 27 April 1994, gave an accused a constitutional right to legal representation. Although the right of an accused to be legally represented formed an integral part of the South African Law, the Constitution gave him the further right ofbeing provided with legal representation at the cost of the State . For the practical implementation ofthe Constitution extensive changes to the current Legal Aid Scheme are essential . This work is an investigation of the justification of an accused's right to legal representation and the right to be provided with legal representation at the expense of the State . The practical implementation of the Constitution is discussed and suggestions are made that might be a solution to the current problem of the provision of legal aid at the State's expense.
Die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika 200 van 1993 wat op 27 April 1994 in werking getree het, het konstitusionele erkenning verleen aan 'n beskuldigde se reg op regsverteenwoordiging . Alhoewel die reg van 'n beskuldigde tot regsverteenwoordiging inherent deel van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg was het die Grondwet verder gegaan en 'n beskuldigde die reg gegee om op staatskoste van regsverteenwoordiging voorsien te word . Om die Grondwet prakties uitvoerbaar te maak sal ingrypende veranderings aan die huidige Regshulpskema noodsaaklik wees . Hierdie werk behels 'n regshistoriese - en regsvergelykende studie van die reg van 'n beskuldigde tot regsverteenwoordiging en die reg om op staatskoste van regshulp voorsien te word . Die praktiese uitvoerbaarheid van die Grondwet word bespreek en voorstelle word aan die hand gedoen om die huidige situasie, wat betref die verskaffing van regshulp op staatskoste, te verbeter .
Criminal & Procedural Law
LL. M.
Books on the topic "Tribal air law"
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Leonhard, M. Brent. Tribal contracting: Understanding and drafting business contracts with American Indian tribes. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association, 2009.
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Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Internal control weaknesses impede Air Force's budgeting for repairable items : report to the Secretary of the Air Force. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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Leonhard, M. Brent. Handbook on tribal contracting. Chicago, IL: American Bar Association, 2009.
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Office, General Accounting. Financial management: Profile of Air Force financial managers : report to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management and Comptroller). Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1997.
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Garrett, Mark. Transportation planning on trial: The Clean Air Act and travel forecasting. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 1996.
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Affairs, United States Congress Senate Select Committee on Indian. Authorizing consolidated grants to Indian tribal governments to regulate environmental quality on Indian reservations: Report (to accompany S. 668). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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Office, General Accounting. Internal controls: Bureau of Indian Affairs' Section 638 contracts with tribal organizations : fact sheet for the chairman, Special Committee on Investigations, Select Committee on Indian Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1989.
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Tribal Development Corporation Feasibility Study Act of 2005: Report (to accompany H.R. 3350) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.
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), United States Congress Senate Committee on Indian Affairs (1993. Indian Tribal Development Consolidated Funding Act: Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Sixth Congress, second session, on S. 2052 ... September 27, 2000, Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Tribal air law"
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Szturz, Petr, and Jan B. Vermorken. "High-Dose Three-Weekly or Low-Dose Weekly Cisplatin during Radiation, What to Prefer?" In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_10.
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AbstractIn locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, adding three cycles of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin every three weeks to definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy can significantly improve locoregional control and survival. One of the major drawbacks is severe acute toxicity with about 40% of patients developing mucositis, up to one fourth suffering from dysphagia, and at least 20% having bone marrow suppression. Late toxicity has been under- and sometimes mis-reported and may even be responsible for an increase in non-cancer-related deaths in long-term survivors. Moreover, efficacy outcomes are still not satisfactory with 5-year overall survival rates ranging between 40% and 50%, excluding the growing minority of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer cases with a markedly better prognosis. Consequently, alternative regimens have gained attention with the aim to reduce toxicity, improve adherence, and maintain adequate anti-tumour activity. Low-dose (usually 40 mg/m2) cisplatin given in weekly intervals emerged as the preferred alternative to the standard, high-dose regimen. But do we have enough evidence to support this approach and which patients might become suitable candidates? While the use of high-dose cisplatin is supported by the results of four large trials randomizing altogether 1539 patients between conventionally fractionated chemoradiation and radiotherapy alone, there are only three small, similarly designed but possibly biased studies favouring a weekly regimen. In addition, two other trials randomly assigning patients to receive either high-dose or low-dose cisplatin, provided evidence against routine administration of the latter schedule. Therefore, although weekly cisplatin may enhance short-term tolerance in terms of gastro-intestinal, hepatic, hearing, renal, and haematological side effects, it cannot be excluded that this improvement comes at the price of compromised survival with no benefit in late adverse events. We acknowledge that certain clinical scenarios, particularly in the presence of relative contraindications to high-dose cisplatin, may favour a less toxic cisplatin dose and/or administration schedule, among which the low-dose weekly regimen. In this respect, the ever-growing population of elderly patients is in particular benefitting from a careful decision, taking into account the pros and cons of such regimens.
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Jenia Iontcheva, Turner. "s.I Actors, Ch.2 Defence Perspectives on Fairness and Efficiency at the International Criminal Court." In The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198825203.003.0003.
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This chapter focuses on the attorneys who represent defendants. On the basis of interviews with 18 defence attorneys at the International Criminal Court (ICC), nearly all of whom had extensive experience at other international tribunals, this chapter assesses whether the rise of ‘managerial judging’—greater judicial control over the conduct of trials in the name of ‘efficiency’—has adversely affected defence perceptions of the fairness of trials. Perhaps surprisingly, most defence attorneys do not believe that judges at the ICC have undermined the fairness of trials through their managerialism. In the majority’s view, the problem with the judges is not excessive emphasis on efficiency but unwarranted deference to the prosecution on a variety of issues, such as failing to demand adequate disclosure or not sufficiently questioning the adequacy of evidence during the confirmation of charges. This chapter thus concludes that, to promote defence perceptions of fairness, limiting managerial judging is less important than promoting equality of arms through, for example, greater legal aid and greater skepticism toward the prosecution’s case prior to trial.
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Martin F, Gusy, and Hosking James M. "Part I Commentary on the ICDR International Rules, 4 Article 4—Administrative Conference." In A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198729020.003.0005.
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This chapter assesses Article 4 of the 2014 ICDR Rules. Article 4 incorporates a long-standing ICDR practice by which the ICDR conducts an administrative conference before the arbitral tribunal is constituted to facilitate party discussion and agreement on issues such as arbitrator selection, mediating the dispute, process efficiencies, and any other administrative matters. No other major international arbitration rules contain a similar provision. The administrative conference affords the parties an opportunity to air their objectives for management of the case and, if possible, to reach arguments on administrative issues. Depending on the complexity of the case, and the familiarity of both sides with the factual and legal issues, the administrative conference may also permit an opportunity to arrive at stipulations of uncontested facts, identify potential witnesses, provide for advance exchange of information, and consider the possibility of utilizing a documents-only process.
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Mark, Brealey, and George Kyla. "22 Alternative Dispute Resolution." In Competition Litigation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780199665075.003.0022.
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This chapter examines the use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) for resolving competition-related disputes. It first provides an overview of the benefits of mediation as a means of resolving competition disputes and how ADR is encouraged in competition litigation. It then considers the relevant ADR provisions in the Civil Procedure Rules 1998 (CPR) and in the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT) Rules, before discussing cross-border mediations and how disputes are mediated and regulated. It also offers practical guidance on when to mediate, choosing a mediator, the typical stages of a mediation process, the role of a mediation agreement, and the implications of mediation confidentiality. Finally, it explains the specific provisions relating to voluntary redress schemes, a form of ADR.
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Mark, Brealey, and George Kyla. "8 Interim Remedies." In Competition Litigation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780199665075.003.0008.
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This chapter considers interim remedies that are available in the High Court and the Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), with a focus on interim injunctions, interim payments, security for costs, and stay of proceedings. It begins with a discussion of the High Court’s jurisdiction to grant interim or interlocutory injunctions, from interim injunctions in general to mandatory injunctions, quia timet injunctions, freezing injunctions, search orders, anti-suit injunctions, and interim injunctions in aid of foreign proceedings. It also describes the practice and procedure to be followed on an application for an interim injunction, before analysing interim payments, security for costs, and stay of proceedings in greater detail. Finally, it examines interim remedies in the CAT, taking into account a range of issues relating to interim orders in appeals, interim injunctions in private actions, interim payment, security for costs, and stay of proceedings.
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Martin, Farley. "Part VIII Cooperation in Antirust Enforcement, 21 Cooperation Between the Courts of the EU Member States and the Court of Justice: The Preliminary Reference Procedure." In EU Antitrust Procedure. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780198839866.003.0021.
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This chapter addresses the cooperation between Member States’ courts and the Court of Justice in the context of the preliminary reference procedure. There are two points to be noted concerning the nature of the preliminary reference procedure and its relationship to competition law. First, the principal aim of the preliminary ruling and advisory opinion mechanisms is to provide a means of cooperation between the Court of Justice and the Member States. As such, the principal dialogue is between the referring national court or tribunal and the Court of Justice. In the preliminary reference procedure, the Commission holds the same status as any other interested party that is entitled to take part in the proceedings. Second, the procedural rules governing the preliminary ruling procedure remains essentially the same regardless of the subject matter concerned. No special rules apply with respect to cases concerning competition law.
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"Proposal for Establishing an International Court of Air and Space Law." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 218–28. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7407-2.ch019.
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This chapter describes the proposal for establishing an “International Court of Air and Space Law (ICASL).” The establishment of an ICASL is necessary and should provide the uniformity of decisions currently lacking in the jurisdiction relating to disputes in the field of air and space law and space exploitation. It is desirable that the establishment of an ICASL should lead to the strengthening of international cooperation deemed essential by the global community towards the joint settlement of transnational claims and cases with respect to air and space law. In order to understand easily the global issues and solutions on the outer space law and policy, the author describes legal issues and prospects on outer space law and policy. The establishment of such a court should be designed to promote the speed of work and the fairness of trial in air and space law cases.
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Taylor, Stephen, and Astra Emir. "31. Preparing and presenting a case." In Employment Law, 547–64. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198806752.003.0031.
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This chapter provides practical guidance to aid in the preparation and presentation of a case before an employment tribunal. Although it is primarily written from the point of view of the advocate at such a hearing, the material is also relevant to advisors, witnesses and the parties to a case. The text guides the parties to a tribunal case through the whole tribunal procedure from the very beginning. It covers fact management, understanding the law, starting the process—filling in claim and response forms, preparing a schedule of loss, negotiating a settlement, drafting witness statements, disclosure, preparing bundles and advocacy.
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Postema, Gerald J. "Utilitarian International Order." In Utility, Publicity, and Law, 247–66. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793175.003.0011.
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International politics was integral to Bentham’s comprehensive jurisprudential project. His perspective on international law was that of a legislator, an engineer of global order, not that of expositor or theorist of the existing law. He articulated a (quasi-) cosmopolitan principle for the governance of a state-pluralist global order: the ultimate aim of international law, he argued, is the greatest common and equal utility of all nations. This principle articulates a standard of equal, mutual benefit and builds in a proviso that permits derogation from arrangements or laws that work greatly to the disadvantage of any given nation. He envisioned the global order as a loose affiliation of equal sovereign states, each of which participates on an equal basis in a common congress accorded legislative authority through their participation and is subject to judgments of a common tribunal. Bentham’s ultimate solution to the problem of war was threefold: (i) the law was to be put on a clear, authoritative, and fully public basis in a carefully drafted and systematic code; (ii) all disputes arising in international relations were to be directed to this code and a common tribunal was empowered to resolve the disputes in an impartial way; (iii) judgments of the tribunal were to be enforced by the soft power of Public Opinion Tribunal consisting of both nations and individuals.
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Sorvatzioti, Demetra F. "Migrants and Effective Legal Representation in Criminal Cases via Legal Aid Systems." In Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate, 563–78. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch031.
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The European countries are obliged to fulfill the provisions of the European Convention on human rights regarding the protection of the accused rights' and ensuring the principle of fair trial. Nowadays, because of the economic crisis more people are affected by poverty and many immigrants enter Europe. Poor and immigrants who break the law cannot afford to pay for the services of a lawyer and for the most of them the states provide legal aid assistance. This chapter indicates that in order to safeguard the accused rights' it is mandatory for the legal aid lawyer to defend the accused effectively, otherwise the protection is just formal and does not fulfill the substantive conventional obligation of the State for fair trial. It is proposed for the States to establish qualitative criteria for the legal aid lawyers. The voluntary character of the legal aid scheme imposes an imperative duty for the lawyers to ensure fair trial for the poor.
Conference papers on the topic "Tribal air law"
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Scarinci, Tomas, Christopher Freeman, and Ivor Day. "Passive Control of Combustion Instability in a Low Emissions Aeroderivative Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53767.
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This paper describes the conceptual ideas, the theoretical validation, the laboratory testing and the field trials of a recently patented fuel-air mixing device for use in high-pressure ratio, low emissions, gaseous-fueled gas turbines. By making the fuel-air mixing process insensitive to pressure fluctuations in the combustion chamber, it is possible to avoid the common problem of positive feedback between mixture strength and the unsteady combustion process. More specifically, a mixing duct has been designed such that fuel-air ratio fluctuations over a wide range of frequencies can be damped out by passive design means. By scaling the design in such a way that the range of damped frequencies covers the frequency spectrum of the acoustic modes in the combustor, the instability mechanism can be removed. After systematic development, this design philosophy was successfully applied to a 35:1 pressure ratio aeroderivative gas turbine yielding very low noise levels and very competitive NOx and CO measurements. The development of the new premixer is described from conceptual origins through analytic and CFD evaluation to laboratory testing and final field trials. Also included in this paper are comments about the practical issues of mixing, flashback resistance and autoignition.
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Bogy, D. B., and Lin Wu. "Air Bearing Models and Solutions for Sub-5 nm Spacings." In STLE/ASME 2001 International Joint Tribology Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/trib-nano2001-101.
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Abstract When the flying height is below 5 nm, some physical phenomena that can be ignored for higher flying sliders need to be included in the modeling equations. Another challenging issue is the unavoidable asperity contact problem. It is known that zero spacing at asperities may cause some of the existing modified Reynolds equations to predict unphysical unbounded contact pressure singularities. In this paper we first review the source of these pressure singularities, showing which models have this problem and which do not. We also review here a new derivation of a compressible lubrication equation by using a different slip velocity boundary condition, in which additional slippage at the gas-solid interface due to pressure gradient is introduced. The new equation is free of any contact singularity [1]. Next we review our recent work on the non-negligible effect of the intermolecular forces on the slider’s flying attitude when the spacing is below 5 nm [2]. The additional force is attractive until the spacing is below about 0.1 nm for example and then it is repulsive. Finally we show the effect of these new force contributions on the flying attitude of a low flying slider.
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Kim, Dongman. "Flying Height Deviation Measurements at Ultra Low Fly Heights." In STLE/ASME 2003 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2003-trib-340.
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The flying height tester contribution to flying height tolerance is investigated with different calibration techniques in this study. The flying attitude change in head gimbal assembly (HGA) by supplying writing current is discussed along with newly proposed methodology for feature size measurement on the air bearing slider (ABS) using a flying height tester.
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Franco, Carlos, Rui Andre´, Filomena Pinto, Ibrahim Gulyurtlu, and Isabel Cabrita. "Thermal Improvement of Coal and Cooking Oil Wastes Mixtures in a Fluidised-Bed Gasifier." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54104.
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The objective of co-gasiication of edible oil wastes with coal or biomass, could, on one hand, lead to improvement of characteristics of final product, benefiting from complementary natures of different fuels and could simultaneously contribute to resolving the environmental problem of disposing used edible oils. This work also aims at providing potential new applications for law rank coals including those from marginal reserves. Co-gasification studies of mixtures of coal or biomass wastes with small amounts of waste edible oils (WEO) were carried out in an atmospheric bench-scale fluidised bed gasifier. The gasification medium was both steam and air-steam mixtures. The experimental trials were undertaken to understand the behaviour of these mixtures and to optimize the range of operating conditions, like gasification temperature, air-steam/fuel ratio and oil content in the feedstock.
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Asti, Antonio, Luca Mangani, and Antonio Andreini. "Application of a 1-D Predicting Tool to the Analysis of Pressure Oscillations in an Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor: GE10 Machine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27893.
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The development of current industrial gas turbines is strictly constrained by legislative requirements for low polluting emissions. Lean Premixed combustion technology has become through the years the necessary standard to meet such requirements. Premixed technology introduces a new range of problems: combustion instabilities in many operating conditions. Specifically, lean premixed flames pose the threat of pressure oscillations. This phenomenon is the effect of the strong interaction between combustion heat-release and fluid dynamics aspects. The prediction of acoustic oscillations and combustion instabilities is generally difficult because of the complexity of real combustor geometries. As a result, the design phase is usually performed as a trial-and-error task: a specific design is constructed, tested and modified, in a process that continues until acceptable results are found. A specific tool was developed by GE Energy to help predicting the acoustic behaviour of newly designed partially-premixed combustors, avoiding the traditional trial-and-error process: the tool allows the designer to analyze the problem of combustion instabilities since the early design phase, limiting subsequent testing efforts. A mono-dimensional tool based on the 1-D acoustic model was developed by GE Energy and was applied to the single-can combustor of the GE10 machine (a gas turbine in the 10MW class). All the main geometrical features of the GE10 machine, including fuel line geometry, were considered and modeled in a one-dimensional scheme, in order to build an equivalent model for the linear tool analysis. The main frequencies, measured during tests on the GE10 machine, were compared to the numerical results of the tool, showing good agreement between numerical and experimental results and confirming the predictive capability. This good agreement demonstrates that the model can be used for predicting the effects of design changes, with a reduced need of tests.
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Cardwell, D. N., K. S. Chana, and M. T. Gilboy. "The Development and Testing of a Gas Turbine Engine Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Detection System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23478.
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This paper details the development of a prototype in-flight foreign object damage (FOD) detection system through various stages, resulting in a system capable of detecting objects as small as one gram (1g) mass. The system comprises an eddy current sensor based tip timing system and acoustic emissions vibration sensors controlled through a digital signal processor (DSP). QinetiQ have developed light weight, contamination-immune eddy current tip timing sensors for use in engine health management. Engine tests confirmed these sensors’ potential for detecting FOD events. FOD detection algorithms were developed and implemented in a prototype DSP that was built and tested on an uninstalled gas turbine engine. The trials showed that the prototype DSP FOD detection system could detect dynamic FOD events at full engine speed. Further work was carried out to enhance the FOD detection system, overcoming limitations in the previous system through the implementation of enhanced algorithms and its extension to accept four eddy current sensor inputs as well as a vibration signal input from an acoustic emissions (AE) sensor. An algorithm that computes engine speed from the tip timing data was also implemented to alleviate the need for a separate 1/rev signal. A number of engine trials were successfully completed in order to validate the system. The speed algorithm has been successfully validated on engine trials and comparisons with a conventional optical based 1/rev showed the DSP-generated 1/rev signals to be almost identical to the conventional system. Typically, the error was in the region of 0.03% speed. The investigations culminated in a test series designed to ascertain the system’s sensitivity to foreign object impacts. These demonstrated that the system was capable of detecting objects down to one gram (1g) mass introduced at low speed into the engine intake.
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Mako, C. David, Shane Mccullough, and Abe Boughner. "Hybrid Electric Design Enters Navy Service: A Report on the Early Service Experience From LHD 8 -USS Makin Island." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22122.
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The LHD 8 amphibious assault ship utilizes a hybrid propulsion plant, where the ship has the capability to be propelled by electric propulsion motors or gas turbine engines all of which is controlled and monitored by a state-of-the-art Machinery Control System (MCS). Unlike the previous ships of the class which were steam powered, the hybrid drive is designed to allow economical low speed fuel efficiency on electric motors as well as a traditional gas turbine power plant for all other mission areas. This will yield significant fuel savings over the life of the ship. The integrated machinery control system is likewise expected to reduce life cycle costs through reduced manning. After a successful series of sea trials, the LHD 8, Makin Island was delivered to the US Navy on April 2009 and departed the builders’ yard in July 2009 for a transit around the tip of South America to her homeport of San Diego, CA. The paper discusses the results of Builders and Acceptance Trials as well as the in-service experience of the ship on her maiden voyage. Examples are given of predicted vs. expected fuel consumption rates, design issues encountered and corrective measures taken as well as feedback from operators on the overall machinery plant design the MCS and its ease of operation. Included in the paper are ship drawings, photos and diagrams.
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Ganguli, Ranjan, Rajeev Verma, and Niranjan Roy. "Soft Computing Application for Gas Path Fault Isolation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53209.
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A fuzzy system that automatically develops its rule base from a linearized performance model of the engine by selecting the membership functions and number of fuzzy sets is developed in this study to perform gas turbine fault isolation. The faults modeled are module faults in five modules: fan, low pressure compressor, high pressure compressor, high pressure turbine and low pressure turbine. The measurements used are deviations in exhaust gas temperature, low rotor speed, high rotor speed and fuel flow from a base line ‘good engine’. A genetic algorithm is used to tune the fuzzy sets to maximize fault isolation success rate. A novel scheme is developed which optimizes the fuzzy system using very few design variables and therefore is computationally efficient. Results with simulated data show that genetic fuzzy system isolates faults with accuracy greater than that of a manually developed fuzzy system developed by the authors. Furthermore, the genetic fuzzy system allows rapid development of the rule base if the fault signatures and measurement uncertainties change. In addition, the genetic fuzzy system reduces the human effort needed in the trial and error process used to design the fuzzy system and makes the development of such a system easier and faster. A radial basis neural network is also used to preprocess the measurements before fault isolation. The radial basis network shows significant noise reduction and when combined with the genetic fuzzy system leads to a diagnostic system that is highly robust to the presence of noise in data.
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Soudarev, A. V., and A. S. Molchanov. "Development of Express Calculation-Experimental Technique to Estimate Life and Reliability of Ceramic Parts and Components." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54188.
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The analysis of existing programs to develop advanced ceramic gas turbine engines indicates that the challenge to ensure a target life of ceramic components is of a paramount importance. The up-to-date express methodologies to define life have some principal limitations which necessitates to carry out labor- and time-consuming tests of bulky batches of ceramic samples and parts. The accuracy of the predicted results, at the same time, remains rather low which does not allow their practical application to design ceramic parts and components. An improvement of techniques of the life estimation could be attained considering that a crack growth takes place under load, this phenomenon occurring with the crack shear stress generation, this stress correlating with a threshold value of the stress intensity factor. It turns out here that along with the dynamic failure, the test duration is also a significant parameter, i.e. the parameter which is neglected by the current methodology to estimate the static failure and life. The developed methodology demonstrates not a bad correlation between the estimates and the experimental values, whereby reducing the scope of the initial data compared with the current methodology. Furthermore, using this approach one can predict results of proof tests which enables opting for an optimum proof duty. A result of the proof tests is essentially dependent on three test condition parameters, namely: 1. The value of a selected trial loading or a fraction of the parts rejected; 2. The exposition time under the trial loading; 3. The test temperature and the initial scatter of the strength properties. The sequence of the calculation carrying out is as follows: 1. A required Weibull modulus is identified using the static failure estimate technique for a target reliability of the ceramic element, stresses under the operation conditions, operation time, dynamic failure parameters. 2. The proof test conditions are identified using the Weibull modulus required. The obtained calculation formulae need a smaller scope of the experimental data with the static failure accuracy and life becoming greater compared with the existing values. Thus, the methodology presented allows to ensure a target reliability of ceramic parts, to identify their quantity required and the preliminary tests conditions.
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Antonelli, G., M. Zorzi, C. Senore, and C. Hassan. "Endocuff Vision Improves ADR in Low Detectors: Results of the “Itavision” Randomized Controlled Trial." In ESGE Days 2021. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724388.
Full textReports on the topic "Tribal air law"
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Brandt, Yvonne, Linda Currier, Timothy Plante, Christine S. Kabban, and Anthony P. Tvaryanas. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Core Strengthening Exercises in U.S. Air Force Helicopter Crewmembers with Low Back Pain. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada616026.
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Saldanha, Ian J., Wangnan Cao, Justin M. Broyles, Gaelen P. Adam, Monika Reddy Bhuma, Shivani Mehta, Laura S. Dominici, Andrea L. Pusic, and Ethan M. Balk. Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer245.
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Objectives. This systematic review evaluates breast reconstruction options for women after mastectomy for breast cancer (or breast cancer prophylaxis). We addressed six Key Questions (KQs): (1) implant-based reconstruction (IBR) versus autologous reconstruction (AR), (2) timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, (3) comparisons of implant materials, (4) comparisons of anatomic planes for IBR, (5) use versus nonuse of human acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) during IBR, and (6) comparisons of AR flap types. Data sources and review methods. We searched Medline®, Embase®, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to March 23, 2021, to identify comparative and single group studies. We extracted study data into the Systematic Review Data Repository Plus (SRDR+). We assessed the risk of bias and evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42020193183). Results. We found 8 randomized controlled trials, 83 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 69 single group studies. Risk of bias was moderate to high for most studies. KQ1: Compared with IBR, AR is probably associated with clinically better patient satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being but comparable general quality of life and psychosocial well-being (moderate SoE, all outcomes). AR probably poses a greater risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (moderate SoE), but IBR probably poses a greater risk of reconstructive failure in the long term (1.5 to 4 years) (moderate SoE) and may pose a greater risk of breast seroma (low SoE). KQ 2: Conducting IBR either before or after radiation therapy may result in comparable physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and patient satisfaction with breasts (all low SoE), and probably results in comparable risks of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE). We found no evidence addressing timing of IBR or AR in relation to chemotherapy or timing of AR in relation to radiation therapy. KQ 3: Silicone and saline implants may result in clinically comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence regarding double lumen implants. KQ 4: Whether the implant is placed in the prepectoral or total submuscular plane may not be associated with risk of infections that are not explicitly implant related (low SoE). There is insufficient evidence addressing the comparisons between prepectoral and partial submuscular and between partial and total submuscular planes. KQ 5: The evidence is inconsistent regarding whether human ADM use during IBR impacts physical well-being, psychosocial well-being, or satisfaction with breasts. However, ADM use probably increases the risk of implant failure/loss or need for explant surgery (moderate SoE) and may increase the risk of infections not explicitly implant related (low SoE). Whether or not ADM is used probably is associated with comparable risks of seroma and unplanned repeat surgeries for revision (moderate SoE for both), and possibly necrosis (low SoE). KQ 6: AR with either transverse rectus abdominis (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but TRAM flaps probably increase the risk of harms to the area of flap harvest (moderate SoE). AR with either DIEP or latissimus dorsi flaps may result in comparable patient satisfaction with breasts (low SoE), but there is insufficient evidence regarding thromboembolic events and no evidence regarding other surgical complications. Conclusion. Evidence regarding surgical breast reconstruction options is largely insufficient or of only low or moderate SoE. New high-quality research is needed, especially for timing of IBR and AR in relation to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, for comparisons of implant materials, and for comparisons of anatomic planes of implant placement.