Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tribunes (sports)'

Cette étude s'articule autour d'une méthodologie d'évaluation du confort aérothermique des spectateurs dans les stades modernes et aborde les aspects du confort visuel et acoustique. Dans en premier temps, la démarche a consisté à appréhender la notion du confort dans les espaces semi-extérieurs : une zone de confort aérothermique qui intègre l'effet de la température et du vent est définie afin d'évaluer le confort aérothermique des spectateurs. Dans un deuxième temps, l'impact de la morphologie architecturale du stade sur les caractéristiques de l'écoulement a été étudié. Pour cela une série d'essais paramétriques a été effectuée sur vingt configurations architecturales du stade dans une soufflerie à couche limite. La vitesse du vent et l'écart type ont été mesurés par l'anémométrie à fil chaud au niveau des tribunes. Les paramètres suivants ont été modifiés : l'inclinaison et le débord de la toiture, la porosité de la façade et le plan du stade. Les ont mis en évidence qu'il existe des relations entre la morphologie du stade et les caractéristiques de l'écoulement. Le confort visuel des spectateurs en lumière du jour est analysé pour des stades comportant des toitures opaques de différentes positions, à partir de l'uniformité d'éclairement de l'aire de jeu. Une méthode a été mise en œuvre qui permet de définir l'emplacement de la partie opaque et transparente d'une toiture afin d'augmenter la longueur de la période de l'éclairement uniforme de l'aire de jeu. Une méthode d'évaluation du confort aérothermique basée sur la transposition des résultats des essais menés en soufflerie a été développée qui serve à intégrer du stade dans son environnement climatique
This study presents a methodological approach to evaluate the aerothermal comfort of spectators in stadia. Its extension raises some aspects of the spectators' visual and acoustic comfort. First, the conception of a comfort zone integrating the effect of temperature and wind has been developed based on the mechanical nuisance due to the wind and on the thermal effect of different temperature and wind speed combinations. Then, the effect of the morphology on the airflow inside the stadium has been investigated through wind tunnel tests in a boundary layer wind tunnel on a stadium model of variable geometry. The following architectural parameters have been modified: slope, overhang of the roof, façade porosity, stadium layout. Mean wind speed and standard deviation have been measured by hot wire anemometer at spectators' height in the bowl. The tests revealed that a relationship exists between the morphology and the airflow. The results associated with the meteorological data (temperature and wind speed) of a given site facilitate to define the frequency of comfort and discomfort. This methodology should be ideally applied in the design phase of the project. The roof position influences also the visual comfort of the spectators. The last has been analysed by daylight with an opaque roof. The visual comfort requirements are based on the uniform lighting conditions of the pitch; i. E. No accentuated contrast should appear on the pitch due to the shadow of the roof. A method facilitating the definition of the photometric morphology of the roof in order to prolong the visually comfortable period (localisation of the opaque and the transparent roof parts) has been developed

Often arbitration has been closely related to issues that are likely to be arbitrated, including commercial, corporate or investment matters.However, the sporting matter has been less related to arbitration issues.In the present article, a relatively new and very interesting issue is develop: the sport arbitration, which has been gaining space in various sport organizations to become an instrument of great importance in the sports world. In this way, the author, through the experience of the Tribunal Arbitral Du Sport, shows us the way that sports arbitration has followed, its strengths, its composition and the importance it has achieved in these issues until forging an integral and solid relationship between arbitration and sport.
Muchas veces el arbitraje ha sido muy relacionado con temas que son susceptibles de ser arbitrados, entre los cuales se encuentran materias comerciales, corporativas o de inversión. Sin embargo, la materia deportiva ha sido menos relacionada con temas arbitrales.En el presente artículo, se desarrolla un tema relativamente nuevo y muy interesante: el arbitraje deportivo, el cual ha ido ganando espacio en diversos organismos deportivos hasta convertirse en un instrumento de gran importancia en el mundo deportivo. De esta manera, el autor, a través de la experiencia del Tribunal Arbitral Du Sport, nos muestra el camino que ha seguido el arbitraje deportivo, sus fortalezas, su composición y la importancia que ha conseguido en dichos temas hasta forjarse una relación íntegra y sólida entre el arbitraje y el deporte.

The topic of this master's thesis is the revitalization of the former Spartakiad stadium. Nowadays it functions as a sports complex Ohrada, which is in neglected condition and not widely used. The area is located at the southern edge of the city Vsetín and is defined by a 1st class road from the northeast, Vsetínská Bečva from the western and agricultural areas from the southern side. Above Bečva, the Bečevná hill rises and together they create a pleasant, out-of-town atmosphere with a great potential. The priority of the proposal was to create an attractive place with a variety of sports and recreational activities for all ages. However, at the beginning it was necessary to somehow insulate the area from the overpass. Therefore a sports and recreation facility was designed at the entrance to the area - it copies the shape of the road and forms an imaginary entrance gate to the zone. A car park was designed under the overpass, so the rest of the area remained exclusively for pedestrians. Sufficient distances among the individual sports grounds are supplemented by recreational areas of greenery. Most playgrounds are designed as multi-purpose, for greater variability of the territory. The buildings have a maximum of two floors and they are located in a way not to disturb the views of the recreational areas. They contain sports facilities as well as a wide range of interior activities. Three materials are used on all the buildings - wood, steel and glass, complemented by neutral white plaster. Therefore, the area operates in a comprehensive and uniform manner.

Le Tribunal arbitral du sport (TAS), organe de résolution des litiges sportifs par la voie de l’arbitrage, rend des sentences qui, grâce à la pratique du précédent, acquièrent la cohérence nécessaire à la formation d’une jurisprudence. À travers cette jurisprudence, le TAS contribue à l’édification d’un ordre juridique sportif global et autonome. Cette contribution est le résultat d’un double apport, normatif et structurant. D’abord, les règles prétoriennes produites par le TAS et formées essentiellement des principes généraux constamment appliqués par les arbitres, constituent une source de droit à l’intérieur de l’ordre juridique sportif. Certains de ces principes, principalement ceux permettant de protéger la sincérité des compétitions et les droits fondamentaux des athlètes, se démarquent par leur caractère intangible pour former l’ordre public sportif. La mise à l’écart du droit étatique au profit de l’application de ces principes, mais aussi des règlements sportifs, permet d’assurer l’autonomie de l’ordre juridique sportif. Ensuite, ces principes sont un facteur de structuration de l’ordre juridique sportif, dans la mesure où leur intervention favorise la cohérence du système. Cette structuration est le résultat de l’application de ces principes pour contrôler l’exercice par les organisations sportives de leurs compétences réglementaires et disciplinaires et pour délimiter les pouvoirs de chacune des composantes du mouvement sportif. Dans les deux cas, ces principes deviennent des standards communs qui s’imposent à l’ensemble de la communauté sportive
The Court of arbitration for sport (CAS), an arbitration body in sport disputes, passes sentences which, thanks to the practice of the precedent, get enough coherence to constitute a jurisprudence. Through this jurisprudence, CAS contributes in the erection of a global and autonomous sports legal order. This support is the result of a double contribution, normative as well as structuring. First, the pretorian rules generated by CAS and formed mainly by the general principles commonly applied by the judges, constitute a source of law within the sports legal order. Some of these principles, namely those aimed at protecting the fairness of the competitions and the fundamental rights of athletes, stand out with regards to their intangibility to form the sport public order. Discarding state law in favor of the application of these principles as well as of sport regulations, guarantees the autonomy of the sports legal order. Thereafter, these principles are considered as a structuring factor of the sports legal order, in that their intervention favors the coherence of the system. This structuring results from the application of these principles in order to monitor the practices by the sport organizations of their regulatory and disciplinary competences and also to confine the power of each of the components of the sport movement. In both cases, these principles become common standards for the whole sport community to abide by

Hoy en día el deporte es espectáculo y negocio. Desde la misma práctica profesional, hasta la proliferación de actividades afines, el deporte se ha convertido en una oportunidad de negocio rentable. La ciudad de Lima no ha sido ajena a ello, pues se han desarrollado diversos modelos de negocio, entre ellos, los dedicados a la transmisión de deportes. Sin embargo, estos no han logrado satisfacer las necesidades de sus clientes en su totalidad; por lo que se presenta la oportunidad de establecer una nueva iniciativa de negocio. En este contexto nace La Tribuna Sports, una iniciativa de negocio que busca brindar un espacio donde los fanáticos de distintos deportes puedan disfrutar de sus principales eventos en un ambiente temático. Un establecimiento que ofrece a sus clientes la oportunidad de demostrar sus conocimientos deportivos, de interactuar con otros fanáticos iguales a ellos y recibir premios y descuentos por su participación. Todo ello, acompañado de una gran variedad de bebidas y piqueos. El público objetivo es el joven adulto hombre fanático de disciplinas deportivas, que resida y/o trabaje en Lima Moderna, específicamente en los distritos de San Borja, Miraflores, Surco y San Isidro. Pertenece al nivel socioeconómico A y B, y se encuentra entre las edades de 27 y 38 años. Este segmento representa un total de 37,779 personas, del cual se determinó la demanda potencial del 56% ó 21, 156 potenciales clientes. La estrategia de negocio se desarrollará en tres etapas. En la primera etapa, se plantea una estrategia de diferenciación, con la cual se buscará ofrecer atributos que añaden valor al servicio, y que no son encontrados en la oferta de los competidores. Es por ello, que se buscará atraer a los clientes poniendo a su disposición un servicio que fusiona la transmisión de eventos, el conocimiento deportivo y la interacción entre los asistentes. En la segunda etapa, se plantea una estrategia de solución integral cliente. Ésta se inicia a partir del segundo año, y buscará conocer las preferencias de los clientes y conocer su opinión acerca del servicio. Esto con la finalidad de ofrecerle una mejor experiencia. Finalmente, en la tercera, se buscará establecer alianzas estratégicas con la finalidad de incrementar el alcance del servicio. Para llevar a cabo la estrategia del negocio será necesaria la realización de actividades clave. En primer lugar, será necesario un plan de marketing acorde a la estrategia planteada. En un inicio se buscará difundir la propuesta de negocio a través de campañas de promoción, y luego, se buscará fidelizar a los clientes. En segundo lugar, es necesaria una gestión adecuada del personal, pues representan un recurso clave. Primero, porque tienen la responsabilidad de dar a conocer la propuesta a los clientes; y segundo, porque contarán con una capacitación especializada en temas deportivos y de servicio, que les permitirán llevar a cabo las dinámicas que diferencian al negocio de sus competidores. Finalmente, todas estas actividades se desarrollarán dentro de un establecimiento temático, que buscará envolver a los clientes en un ambiente netamente deportivo. La Tribuna Sports requiere una inversión de S/. 334,522. Las ventas ascenderán a S/. 588,210 en el primer año, incrementándose a S/.710, 222 y S/. 957,474 para el segundo y tercer año, respectivamente. De acuerdo a los flujos proyectados, se espera una TIR de 26.15% y un VPN de S/. 227,172. Para concluir, La Tribuna Sports es una iniciativa que genera valor no solo a clientes e inversionistas, sino también a la sociedad. Es un proyecto que brinda al espectador de eventos deportivos la posibilidad de compartir opiniones con personas con el mismo interés, logrando sumar a su conocimiento y dándole la oportunidad de integrarse a una comunidad. Por último, es una iniciativa que contribuye a la difusión de diversos deportes.
Tesis

Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’engagement des supporters de football ultras. La plupart des recherches sur les supporters de football dégagent deux modèles de supportérisme« extrême » par rapport au supportérisme traditionnel : le modèle anglais (hooligans) et le modèle italien avec les groupes de supporters ultras. Ces derniers sont constitués en association de loi 1901 dont les membres les plus actifs sont très majoritairement des jeunes hommes de 15 à 30 ans. Leur manière de supporter repose sur une culture partisane et des activités propres (réalisation d’animations sur l’ensemble de la tribune, recours à des chants et des gestuelles spécifiques, utilisation d’engins pyrotechniques, organisation de déplacements,etc.). Cette recherche propose une étude détaillée du processus de constitution du collectif qu’est le groupe ultra et de son fonctionnement, à travers l’angle de la sociologie de la déviance et des notions de « sous-culture » (codes, règles, langage) ou celle de « carrière »(structure hiérarchisée, différents statuts, réputation). Mais l’objectif de ce travail est de dépasser une lecture monographique qui s’en tiendrait à la seule étude du fonctionnement interne du groupe ultra. Cette recherche s’inscrit ainsi dans une conception interactionniste de la déviance qui nécessite d’analyser l’action des déviants – celle des ultras - mais aussi celledes personnes qui réagissent à cette déviance, en l’occurrence celles des agents des services répressifs ou chargés de la sécurité des stades. Ce travail se propose de décrire et d’analyser les interactions entre les ultras, les groupes de supporters « adverses » et les acteurs de la sécurité (policiers, stadiers, directeurs de sécurité des stades) en privilégiant une ethnographie des situations et une description détaillée des pratiques sociales des ultras. En développant« une perspective en terme de monde social » (Strauss) nous nous efforçons d’appréhender le spectacle des ultras comme une production collective, sans cesse négociée et ré-ajustée par rapport à celle des autres acteurs et institutions publiques. Cette perspective permet également de travailler la façon dont les pratiques sociales et « culturelles » des ultras sont affectées notamment par le processus de criminalisation des supporters de football : les supporters ultras sont, en effet, devenus des « délinquants de stades » et la police s’est spécialisée dans la lutte contre ce phénomène sportif et urbain. Les supporters sont désormais surveillés,identifiés, fichés, parfois « interdits de stade » ou incarcérés. Dans le cadre de cette recherche,nous avons suivi l’évolution de ce monde contraint de s’ajuster et de s’adapter à ces différentes évolutions. L’objet de cette recherche est de décrire les processus sociaux qui traversent au quotidien le monde des ultras et qui provoquent sa segmentation et fragmentation en plusieurs « sous-mondes » (celui des interdits de stades, des supporters« indépendants » etc.). En mobilisant les outils descriptifs et analytiques de la sociologie interactionniste qualitative, ce travail entend prolonger la discussion avec les Culturals Studies, dont les travaux ont historiquement alimenté la majorité des travaux sur le supportérisme.Cette recherche repose sur un travail de terrain ethnographique mené par observation participante, principalement parmi les supporters ultras stéphanois – les Green Angels et les Magic fans-, et par entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’ultras et d’acteurs de la sécurité(policiers, stadiers, etc.) en France et à l’étranger. Elle s’appuie aussi sur l’analyse de nombreux documents indigènes, d’articles de presse et mobilise la photo-ethnographie
This work of research deals with the ultras football fans' engagement. Most of there searches about football fans reach two models of "extreme" sports fanaticism in comparison with the traditional sports fanaticism: the English model (hooligans) and the Italian one with the ultra supporters' groups. The latter are formed in association under the French Law of 1901, which the most active members are predominantly young men between 15 and 30 years old. Their way of supporting is based on a partisan culture and own activities (creation of activities in the whole terraces, resort to songs and specific gestures, use of pyrotechnic devices, organisation of travels, etc.).This research proposes a detailed study of the creation process of the collective that forms the ultra group and its functioning, through the sociology angle of the deviance and the"subculture" notions (codes, rules, language) or the one of the "career" (ranked structure,different status, reputation). Nevertheless, the objective of this work is to go beyond amonographic reading that would just give a study of the internal functioning of the ultragroup. This research falls within an interactionist conception of the deviance which requests an analysis of the deviants' action - the ultras' one - but also the one of the persons who reactto this deviance, in this case, the action of the law enforcement officers or the agents in charge of the stadium security. This work aims to describe and analyse the interactions between the ultras, the "opposing" supporters groups and the security actors (policemen, football stewards,stadium security directors) by favouring an ethnography of situations and a detailed description of the ultras' social practices. By developing " a perspective in terms of social world" (Strauss) we endeavour to comprehend the ultras' show as a collective production,always negotiated and readjusted in relation to the one of the other actors and the public institutions. This viewpoint also enables to work on the way the ultras' social and "cultural"practices are affected notably by the process of the football supporters' criminalisation: the ultra supporters became, in fact, the "stadium delinquents" and police get specialised in the struggle against this sportive and urban phenomenon. The supporters are now kept undersurveillance, identified, filed, and sometimes "stadium banned" or incarcerated. As part of this research, we have followed the evolution of this world forced to fit and to adapt itself to different developments. The purpose of this research is to describe the social processes that go through the ultras' world and causes its segmentation and fragmentation in several "subworlds"(the stadium banned's one, the "independent" supporters' one, etc.). Mobilising the descriptive and analytical tools of the qualitative interactionist sociology, this research aims to extend the discussion with the Culturals Studies, which works have historically fed most ofthe studies about the sports fanaticism. This research rests upon an ethnographic field work driven by participant observation,principally among the ultra supporters from Saint-Etienne - the Green Angels and the Magic fans -, and by semi-structured interviews with ultras and security actors (policemen, stewards,etc.) in France and abroad. It is also based on the analysis of numerous native documents,press articles and mobilise the photo-ethnography

Le but de cette thèse ayant pour intitulé « L’encadrement administratif de la violence dans les stades de football en France » est de déterminer la place du droit administratif dans la lutte contre les actes de hooliganisme. Cette recherche se placera dans un axe prévention/sanction. La première partie, traitant de l’aspect préventif, étudiera la forme de l’intervention normative mais aussi les différents organes intervenant dans la lutte contre la violence dans et en dehors des stades, mettant en relief l’action de l’Etat par rapport à celle du mouvement associatif. La seconde partie, quant à elle, abordera la répression administrative notamment à travers l’interdiction administrative de stade et la dissolution des associations de supporters. Cette partie se penchera également sur le problème de la responsabilité disciplinaire des clubs et associations nationales du fait des agissements de leurs supporters. Cette recherche sera illustrée par des aspects de droit comparé et plus particulièrement par l’état du droit en Belgique, Italie et Angleterre
This thesis objective is firstly to analyse and to criticize the preventive norms concerning the fight against hooliganism. Secondly this research will adresse the study of the administrative repression. We will dwell on two measures : the stadium ban and the dissolution of the supporter’s associations. This second part will also focus on the discipli nary responsibility of the football’s clubs do tue to the owns supporters

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a resolução de litígios no âmbito desportivo por meio das arbitragens realizadas pelo Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte (TAS-CAS), examinando-se a estrutura do referido órgão e determinados aspectos vinculados à sua atuação. Assim, procurou-se contextualizar a utilização do processo arbitral para a solução de controvérsias relacionadas à prática desportiva e a criação do Tribunal Arbitral do Esporte, para posteriormente identificar as principais particularidades de seus procedimentos, comparando-os com as disposições da Lei Modelo da UNCITRAL e das regras da Câmara de Comércio Internacional e da Associação Americana de Arbitragem, que também regulam arbitragens internacionais. No tocante à atuação do tribunal, abordou-se a existência de um corpo normativo especificamente relacionado ao desporto, denominado lex sportiva, cuja formação tem sido fortemente influenciada pelas decisões do TAS-CAS. Apresentaram-se, nesse contexto, alguns dos princípios que compõem a lex sportiva e que foram elaborados com a participação do tribunal. Por fim, utilizando-se dos conceitos proporcionados pela Análise Econômica do Direito, buscou-se identificar elementos que podem aumentar ou reduzir os custos de transação nos procedimentos arbitrais que tramitam perante o TAS-CAS, a partir das normas que os regulam, dispostas no seu Code of Sports-related Arbitration.
This work aims to study the dispute resolution within sports, through the arbitrations performed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (TAS-CAS), by examining the structure of said body, as well as certain aspects linked to its acting. Thus, it has been made a contextualization of the use of arbitration proceedings to the settlement of conflicts related to the practice of sports and the creation of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, to identify, later, the main peculiarities of its proceedings, comparing them to the provisions of the UNCITRAL Model Law and of the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce and the American Arbitration Association, which also regulate international arbitrations. Regarding the activity of the court, it was addressed the existence of a regulatory body specifically related to sports, called lex sportiva, whose formation has been heavily influenced by the decisions of TAS-CAS. Within this context, it were presented some of the principles which compose lex sportiva and which have been developed with the participation of the tribunal. Finally, using the concepts provided by the Economic Analysis of Law, it was sought to identify factors that can increase or reduce the transaction costs in arbitration proceedings before the TAS-CAS, as from the rules which govern it, disposed in its Code of Sports-related Arbitration.

L'increment de litigis internacionals relacionats amb l'esport ha estat una de las principals preocupacions de las entitats esportives. L'any 1981, el President del Comitè Olímpic Internacional va tenir la idea de crear una jurisdicció especial per l'esport, naixia, així, el Tribunal Arbitral de l'Esport. En aquesta investigació es planteja l'objectiu de conèixer si realment l'arbitratge representa el millor mitjà per resoldre els conflictes esportius internacionals. Per això, és imprescindible conèixer l'organització i funcionament del TAS, profunditzar en el seu règim jurídic, analitzar les seves avantatges i els problemes jurídics que es plantegin, identificar les matèries susceptibles de arbitratge, la implantació de clàusules de adhesió obligatòries i l’anul•labilitat i execució dels laudes. Entre las conclusions assolides destaca la creació de una verdadera lex sportiva a partir de la jurisprudència del TAS. No obstant, el TAS encara té que afrontar una sèrie de reptes que l'ajudaran a assolir una major independència y transparència.
El incremento de litigios internacionales relacionados con el deporte ha sido una de las principales preocupaciones de las entidades deportivas. En 1981 el Presidente del Comité Olímpico Internacional tuvo la idea de crear una jurisdicción especial para el deporte, nace así el Tribunal Arbitral del Deporte. En esta investigación se plantea el objetivo de conocer si el arbitraje representa realmente el mejor medio para resolver los conflictos deportivos internacionales. Para ello es imprescindible conocer la organización y funcionamiento del TAS, profundizar en su régimen jurídico, analizar sus ventajas y los problemas jurídicos que se plantean, identificar las materias susceptibles de arbitraje, la implantación de cláusulas de adhesión obligatorias y la anulabilidad y ejecución de los laudos. Entre las conclusiones alcanzadas destaca la creación de una verdadera lex sportiva a partir de la jurisprudencia del TAS. No obstante, el TAS todavía tiene que afrontar una serie de retos que le ayuden a alcanzar una mayor independencia y transparencia
The escalation in sports-related international litigation has become a major concern for sports entities. In 1981, the President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) concluded that a special jurisdiction for sport should be created to resolve such disputes, thus forming the International Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The purpose of this research is to determine whether arbitration is the best way in which to resolve international sport disputes. In order to achieve this, it is essential to understand how the CAS functions; to review its legal structure in greater depth; to explore its advantages and the legal issues that arise; to identify the type of conflict that should be subject to arbitration; to study the implementation of its mandatory acquiescence clauses and the revocability and enforcement of arbitral awards. One of the most significant conclusions reached is that through CAS case law, a proper lex sportiva has been created. However, the CAS still needs to overcome a series of challenges in order to achieve greater autonomy and transparency.

Civil two floors building serving as a base for athletes with further use for offices, cafe-bar, a fitness center and billiards club. The building is being designed in Jihlava in the area of football pitches with athletic oval. The building is situated near the cinema, children's playground and the Zoological Garden in Jihlava. Built-up land area is 2006 m2. The maximum capacity of the building is 418 persons and 430 capacity of grandstands. The building is constructed of ceramic bricks Porotherm. The roof construction is made of wooden trusses with a slope of three degrees. The draft of the object emphasizes the building layout, fire safety and energy savings.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the architectural design of the stadium for track cycling. It deals with a covered hall, which is located in the area of Komárov on the territory of the sports resort Hněvkovského. The urban design ofthe territory is elaborated simultaneously with the study of the hall. The resort offers a wide range of sport fields for recreational as well as top athletes, and the new velodrome hall should dominate the entire area. The buildingprovides background for the important cycling club TJ Favorit Brno. It also responds to the current requirements of track cycling and thus enables the organization of international races.

This diploma thesis deals with design load bearing steel structure of the sport stadium roofing with 67,2 m length and 28,8 m width. Roofing structure is designed and examined in two versions. Variant A is designed like tubular truss girder with axis distance 4,8 m. Variant B is designed like welded solid-web girder with same axis distance. These versions are compared by weight, manufacturing complexity and appearance, preferable version is processed in detail. Drawings contain layout of both versions and manufacturing drawings of truss.

Esta tesis pretende investigar si en los laudos que dicta el TAS se aplican los principios jurídicos de la presunción de inocencia, por un lado, y de responsabilidad objetiva, por otro, analizando en qué modo se aplican, cómo resuelve dicho tribunal la contraposición entre ambos principios, y formulando finalmente unas propuestas de cambios que permitan atender al bien jurídico protegido por cada uno de esos principios. Para ello, se elabora un marco teórico en el, en primer lugar, se analiza la evolución histórica de ambos principios, a continuación se expone su concepto según el marco jurídico actual del derecho español, con especial atención a la distinción, para ambos principios, entre el régimen sancionador propio del derecho penal y del derecho administrativo sancionador, así como respecto a si el derecho español admite o no, y en qué casos, la responsabilidad objetiva en materia sancionadora. Seguidamente se realiza una breve referencia al derecho comparado, principalmente ámbito de europeo y suizo, respecto a ambos principios, para pasar a elaborar una definición de cada uno y, como conclusión del marco teórico, se examina a continuación el marco jurídico de relación entre ambos principios. A continuación se realiza un pormenorizado examen y análisis de los laudos que se refieren a cada uno de dichos principios, verificando cómo concretamente los aplica el TAS en los casos a que se refieren los laudos considerados. A continuación se formula una nueva definición de cada principio, partiendo de la definición antes elaborada, pero incorporando las aportaciones jurisprudenciales que resultan del análisis realizado a los laudos del TAS. Para continuar se examina de qué modo y en qué medida y casos el TAS contrapone dichos principios, y qué respuestas ha elaborado para resolver la contradicción entre ambos. Finalmente se sugieren criterios de conciliación de los dos principios, formulando propuestas en relación a la norma sancionadora, los medios técnicos, la práctica probatoria, y los criterios para emisión del laudo, todo ello con la intención de conseguir el objetivo de que los laudos del TAS sean respetuosos con ambos principios.
Aquesta tesi pretén investigar si als laudes que dicta el TAS s’apliquen els principis jurídics de la presumpció d’innocència, per una banda, i de responsabilitat objectiva, per un altre, analitza de quina manera s’apliquen, com resol el dit tribunal la contraposició entre ambdós principis, i formula finalment unes propostes de canvis que permetin atendre al be jurídic protegit per cadascun d’aquests principis. Per a això, s’elabora un marc teòric en el que, en primer lloc, s’analitza la evolució històrica d’ambdós principis, a continuació s’exposa el seu concepte segons el marc jurídic actual del dret espanyol, amb especial atenció a la distinció, per ambdós principis, entre el règim sancionador propi del dret penal i del dret administratiu sancionador, així com respecte a si el dret espanyol admet o no, i en quins casos, la responsabilitat objectiva en matèria sancionadora. Seguidament es fa una breu referència al dret comparat, principalment d’àmbit europeu i suïs, respecte a ambdós principis, per passar a elaborar una definició de cadascun i, com a conclusió del marc teòric, s’examina a continuació el marc jurídic de relació entre ambdós principis. A continuació es fa un detallat examen i anàlisi dels laudes que es refereixen a cadascun dels dits principis, verificant com concretament els aplica el TAS en els casos a que es refereixen els laudes considerats. A continuació es formula una nova definició de cada principi, partint de la definició elaborada anteriorment, però incorporant les aportacions jurisprudencials que resulten de l’anàlisi realitzat als laudes del TAS. Seguidament s’examina en quina manera, mesura i casos el TAS contraposa ambdós principis, i quines respostes ha elaborat per resoldre la contradicció entre ells. Finalment es suggereixen criteris de conciliació d’ambdós principis, formulant propostes en relació a la norma sancionadora, els mitjans tècnics, la pràctica probatòria, i els criteris per dictar el laude, tot això amb la intenció d’assolir l’objectiu de que els laudes del TAS siguin respectuosos amb ambdós principis.
This thesis intends to investigate whether the arbitrations dictated by the TAS apply the principle of presumption of innocence, on the one hand, and strict liability, on the other, analyzing how they are applied, how that tribunal resolves the contradiction between both principles and finally formulates proposals for changes that allow to attend to the legal right protected by each of those principles. To that end, a theoretical framework is elaborated in which the historical evolution of both principles is analyzed first, then the actual concept of both principles under the actual Spanish legal framework is set forth, with special attention given to the distinction, in both principles, between the penalty system corresponding to criminal law and that belonging to the administrative disciplinary law, as well as with respect to whether the Spanish law does or does not admit the strict liability in matters of sanctions, and if so, in which cases. Next a brief reference is made to compared law, mainly of European and Swiss law, with respect to both principles, followed by the elaboration of a definition of each of them and, as a conclusion to the theoretical framework, the legal framework of the relationship between both principles is then examined. The arbitrations that make reference to each one of said principles are then carefully examined and analyzed, verifying how the TAS is actually applying them in the cases referred to in the arbitrations considered. Then a new definition of each principle is formulated, starting from the previously elaborated definition, but incorporating the jurisprudential contributions by the TAS resulting from the analysis done of the TAS arbitrations. It is then examined in what way, to what extent and in which cases the TAS is contrasting both principles, and what answers has the TAS elaborated to resolve the contradiction between them. Finally suggestions of conciliation of both principles are presented, formulating proposals relating the sanctioning rules, the technical means, the evidentiary assessment, and the criteria to dictate the arbitrations, all of it with the aim to achieve that the TAS arbitrations are respectful with both principles.

The architecture and urban planning study of the Ohrada sports grounds examines the possibility of building a multipurpose sports and recreation centre in the Vsetín – Ohrada location. Currently, the grounds are in a very poor condition. With respect to the dimensions of the grounds, the roofed stands of the Spartakiad stadium serving a lodging house along with the tennis club facilities fail to fulfill its potential. I approached the area layout in a way which enables a clearly identifiable morphology of the buildings with an accentuated maximum utilization of daylight, open space, greenery, and social interaction to combine ideas and needs of the future generation and thus give the location a new genius loci. The biggest challenge of the complex layout of the whole site was to find a meaningful use for the great amount of soil found in the decaying stands. I find the best solution in creating an accessible, walkable mass that provides several different sections with various atmospheres and purposes. This concept resulted in a study which uses the qualities of the premises and complements them with a number of sports and recreational activities. The fundamental idea was to create a public leisure space with a focus on a great variability of the purpose of the grounds to make it useful for a wide range of public across generations. This led to the creation of several main masses which divide the location, reduce the scale of the area and give it a different atmosphere. At the same time, the grounds are freely accessible and open to the public. A long-term, functioning society demonstrates an ability to treat public and semipublic space with respect. The area in front of and in between buildings becomes, therefore, more important than the buildings themselves. At such a moment, one can talk of a sustainable public life.

This thesis covers brand new detached sports hall with facilities and restaurants in Walnut Klobouky. Sports hall has a floor partly sunk below the surface, contains grandstand for 340 spectators. The second part, ie background sports hall is in the basement, the ground floor is a restaurant kitchen. The building is designed in plan shape of two rectangles. The roof is gabled and desk. Cladding the halls are ventilated, part of the facilities and restaurants are contact-insulated. Staff restaurant facilities are located in the floor, engine room ventilation are 3, in the hall, first underground floor and first floor. The heat exchanger is designed, which is applied hot water. The finish consists of ceramic tiles in the lobby is used double wood board flooring. The supporting structure consists of prefabricated unit first underground floor SPIROLL.

The proposed leisure center building Rowing Club bellows is located in southern part of the Brněnské přehrady between section Rakovec and Kozí horka. The building stands on existing club Lodní sporty Brno in the parcel čp. 1236. The idea of building is a ship sailing on the mainland, whose sails it look like waves. Student accommodation is designed to the second, third and fourth floor. Restaurant and administrative facilities connected to the terrace is designed in the basement. In the first underground floors are designed locker rooms, athletic facilities, kitchen and in the second underground floors is designed rowing pools and rowing boatyards connected to the ground. On the eastern side is a wooden rack tribune. Roads and pavements around the building are designed with simplicity and function.

This paper aims to elaborate an urbanistic study focused on the establishment of a multifunction athletic and recreational area located in Vsetín-Ohrada, carrying the name of the location, Ohrada. The reason to elaborate on this project is the current desolate state of the area, which already does not fulfil its purpose and serves only as lodgings and as a facility for the tennis club. My approach for this project implies identified accidence of buildings with an emphasis on maximal use of daylight, open spaces, green areas, and social interactions. All of these parts connect ideas and needs of future generations and deliver into the area new Genio Loci. For me, the biggest challenge in this complex area is finding the answer to meaningful use of the big amount of soil that is part of the canker tribune. The solution for this challenge might be in the creation of new access paths and footbridge to the buildings which provide several parts of space with different atmosphere and purpose. The main idea was the creation of a leisure public space with an emphasis on the variability of used areas that serve people from all age groups. It creates several main areas that divide the location and deliver various atmospheres for each generation. Additionally, the area as a whole is open and accessible to the public. A sign of long-term functional society is the ability of considerable behaviour toward public areas. Space in front of and between buildings happened to be more important than the building itself. In this case, we can talk about public life that is sustainable in time.

The topic of this diploma thesis is the architectural study of the cycling arena – velodrome – as a part of The Hněvkovský sports ground in Brno-Komárov. The new velodrome is situated next to the existing bicycle motocross ground and serves as a facility for the track cycling, indoor cycling and BMX. The core of the velodrome consists of the 250-meter wooden steeply banked track, which, together with other sports ground’s parameters fits the requirements of International Cyling Uninon for hosting international competitions. Cycling arena includes premises for athletes, spectators (stands are designed for 2700 spectators) and Favorit Brno administration and also bicycle storage and service areas. Facility includes also gym, fitness room, wellness and physiotherapy, athletes‘ accomodation. The velodrome is roofed with the arch-formed membrane anchored to a robust bond beam, that is brought to the ground in the front part of the building. This V-shaped bond beam together with the arched membrane geometry defines the building dynamic expression.

The aim of my master´s thesis is a new sports center project in Havlíčkův Brod in neighborhood of sports complex Na Losích on plot no. 561/1, 564/17. The land is slightly sloping and their total area is 12574 square meters. The building of the sports center is designed as a two-storey, with a cellar, with a dominant part of the multipurpose sports hall. The vertical supports construction consists of a reinforced concrete monolithic combined system. In the sports hall, the supports construction consists of a skeletal structure made of steel rolled elements in combination with reinforced concrete monolithic columns. Vertical peripheral construction are equipped with thermal insulation system with perforated sheet metal. The foundation building construction is designed as a monolithic foundation slab serves as a white bath. The horizontal supports construction are designed from prestressed SPIROLL slabs. The roof construction is designed as a single-layer vegetation flat roof. The roof supports construction of the sports hall is designed from steel-truss girder with supporting trapezoidal sheet. The designed sports center has 3 functional parts. It is a multifunction sports hall with facilities for athletes on the underground floor. The second functional part on the first floor is a sports bar connected with the main entrance hall and a bleacher with a capacity of 400 persons, which is located in the sports hall. The third part consists of a separate section on the first floor for athletes using the adjacent outdoor playground and the main part is located on the second floor, which serves as a facilities for TJ Jiskra club management, then there is a VIP zone, a clubroom and a small exercise room with facilities.

The diploma thesis deals with design and elaboration of the project documentation of the sports center. The proposed sport center facility is located in the western part of Zruč nad Sázavou, in a location designed for buildings and areas of sport and relaxation use. The object of the sports center is designed as two-storey, non-blocked, roofed flat roof. The main feature of the sports center is the multipurpose sports hall with a single-shell curved flat roof. The supporting element is a curved glued lamellar truss. The proposed contruction of the sports center has 2 functional parts. This is a multipurpose sports hall with backgrounds (dressing rooms, washrooms), two squash courts, a gym and two exercise halls as well as facilities. The sports hal lis complemented by tribune for 380 spectators. The second part is a sports bar with a capacity of 40 people. The perimeter structures of the sports center are designed by a ceramic and insulated mineral wool contact systém with a ventilated aluminum facade. The supporting ceiling structure consists of prefabricated Spiroll panels. Designed 2 VZT engine rooms in 2nd floor, on efor 1st floor and second for 2nd floor including sports hall. Hot water heating by gas boilers. Part of the proposed construction is paved areas of parking lots

This Diploma thesis „Sports centre“ was made as a documentation for a building construction. The object of the sports centre is designed for 337 people and consists of two above-ground floors sports hall itself and joined one above-ground floor restaurant. It is detached building. Building is designed in slightly sloping terrain. The sports centre is located on the outskirts of city named Odry, within walking distance of residential buildings. The sports hall is divided into sections for athletes and referees, part for employees and parts for the public. The restaurant has own entrance from the western side of the building and is functionally connected to sports hall. The restaurant is further divided into units for the public and for the staff. The construction system of the sports hall is made of a prefabricated skeletal system based on baseplaces and a filling wall on the strip foundations, the restaurant is only bricked and based on the base on the strip foundations.

The subject of the thesis is processing of project documentation for the new building of biathlon bleachers and sport facilities. The compound is located in the town of Staré Město pod Landštejnem, situated on a plot of land no.1818/6. The building is detached, designed partly as a double-deck and in the remaining part as four-storey. The supporting structure is designed as a solid reinforced concrete prefabricated skeletal system, supplemented by filling brick blocks. The compound is based on foundation plinths and the bleachers on foundations. The ceiling construction is made up of POD ceramic panels. The roof is designed as a single skin flat roof with the powder of washed river stone, and the roof above the duplex part is designed as a walkable roof with a wear layer of paving on supports. The project was prepared using a computer program AutoCAD. When processing, the emphasis was placed on the correct layout design, architectural design, static requirements and the safe use of the building.

The master‘s thesis concerns about the freestanding multipurpose sport hall with a base for sportsmen and spectators and its associated sport and regeneration centre. The object is situated in a city district Brno Bohunice. The designed building is divided into a single storey multipurpose sport hall and an outbuilding with two above-ground floors and a partial third floor above the entrance part of the building. Object’s plan shape forms a rectangle with recessed entrance part. The load-bearing structure consists of a combined column and wall construction system. The main multipurpose hall is roofed with arched glulam laminated trusses, which are supported by steel columns covered by sandwich panels. The outbuilding’s vertical load-bearing structure is formed by clay blocks. The horizontal load-bearing structure is formed by prestressed concrete floor slab. The building is based on shallow foundations. The object is designed to be barrier-free for sportsmen and visitors as well.

The assignment is an architecture and urban planning study of a sports and recreation center. The solved area is located in the town of Vsetín, in the part called Ohrada. Nowdays, the area is obsolete, unfunctional and also unmodern. My project is mainly focused to create a concept that responds to the environment, offers outdoor and indoor spaces for all generations. It allows better connection with nature, variable use, and division of area by function. The design is defined by the river Bečva on the west side and a busy 1st class road on the east side. It was important to separate pedestrians and cyclists from motor vehicles. The response to this restriction is to direct traffic in the area to the west, towards the river. This creates a terrain works that optically deflects the design in a quieter direction. Buildings are placed in the line and oriented in the western direction. After creating the terrain, I divided the area into several segments according to functionality. In the heart of the area, a multifunctional central hall with an inner climbing wall is set in the terrain. In front of it is a public space for meetings, sports and recreation. On the other side, there is a basketball court, a workout playground, a children's playground in front of the hall and a rest area of ??greenery closer to the river. If we continue southerly down, another cube set into the terrain is a building with a restaurant and a cafe. The southernmost building is a tennis club with facilities for athletes and squash. In front of the building there is a 9x tennis court with a grandstand. Closer to the river and the bike path there is an outdoor climbing wall. From the newly created embankment, the area is divided by a cycle path around the river. Behind the bridge is a green belt separated area which, unlike the previous ones, is tuned in a calmer spirit. We will find a building of a yoga and meditation center.

A specialized project of „Architectural study of modification of the bicycle stadium Favorit Brno in the BVV area and urban design of the Hněvkovský sports complex in Komárov“ preceded the diploma thesis. The aim of the project was preparation of the area for cycling stadium with all the necessary facilities and functional connections. The diploma thesis develops a previous project and elaborates the compound of the cycling stadium in a form of a study. The building should recpect to the current demands of this sport, such as a closed roof of the building, siberian pine track material and a 250-meter track length. The building will be situated in the area adjacent to the current biker complex in Brno Komárov.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the preparation and organization of a Sport areal in located Třeboň. The main purpose of this thesis is to design a solution for structural layout of an existing football field with covered grandsatnd construction. The diploma thesis includes following sections: technical report which refers to the construction-technological project, coordinating situation of the construction with wider links to transport routes, time and financial plan of the building site, feasibility study of the main technological phases, equipment of the building site, proposal of construction machina and mechanisms, timetable, plan for securing material sources, technological regulation of roof steel construction, test and kontrol plan, risks and draft measures, technical report for the issuance of construction permits and item budget.

This thesis deals with the design and elaboration process of a project documentation of a sports centre. The designed sports centre building is situated in the southern part of the town of Polička, in the area determined for sports and free time activities complexes and areas. It is a two-floor, non-cellar, flat-roof building. It is based on plain concrete strip foundations and reinforced concrete foundation footing. The bearing, peripheral and partition walls are designed from POROTHERM hollow clay blocks. Reinforced concrete columns are designated in open disposition areas. The ceiling construction is made from SPIROLL pre-stressed concrete floor slabs and point-supported reinforced concrete slabs. The peripheral walls of the first aboveground floor are insulated with external thermal insulation system with a protective gabion facade. The peripheral wall thermal insulation in a bowling restaurant and gym halls extension is designed from a ventilated facade with CEMBRIT METRO facade cladding panels. The building is functionally divided into two main parts with a shared entrance. The sports centre with gyms and other sports facilities form the first part. Three squash courts, a mini-football piste, a special room for spinning and alpinning, a room for group exercising and cloakrooms with sanitary facilities are designed within one part of the sports centre. A restaurant with a bowling area and a kitchen with storerooms and other facilities for employees form the second part. The designed complex is barrier-free. There is aimed to be a car park for fifty cars, four motorbikes and a bus in front of the building. Three parking places are for disabled people.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the preparation of project documentation for the implementation of new sports and cultural centre Otradov. The dominant feature of the complex objects stands and multipurpose hall. The building is architecturally designed with an effort to fit in too much of rural architecture. Multipurpose hall has two floors, one third roofed flat roof, two-thirds of the roof ridge. The core system is aerated concrete blocks. The building is two-storey grandstand with the carrier deck. Roofing is solved by means of broken wooden beams. Sanitary facilities is dealt wall system and roofed shed roof. Athletics track, the surface of the polyurethane mixture designed for sports.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
The idea behind this dissertation is to deepen the legal knowledge about the sports phenomenon, specially, about the disciplinary law and the way it works within sports federations. This is accomplished from a trip through the private entities that exercising public powers in general and the points of contact between disciplinary sports law and the administrative justice, with emphasis in the doctrine and jurisprudence about the sports world, that takes shape in a somehow new institute from the genesis of the public powers of the sports federations point of view and a critical view about the institution of the TAD as proof of the defended thesis. It allows to make some conclusions about the connections between private and public law, while demonstrating the channel differences that may exist in the course of various activities and exercises of a federation.From the definition of the disciplinary sports law as a manifestation of public powers of the sports federations, until the characterization of the relations between the private and administrative sanctioning law in the sports discipline, emphasizing the legal transfer of public activity and the Court of Arbitration for Sports as full applicator of the sports law a thorough and reliable image of sports justice is created and represents a line of thought that can give the motto so that we have, in Portugal, an autonomous dimension of Law when talking about Sport, being an independent law branch, with the federations at the core of this legal activity
A ideia por trás desta dissertação é aprofundar os conhecimentos jurídicos do fenómeno desportivo, especialmente, quanto ao direito disciplinar e o seu funcionamento no seio das federações desportivas.Isto é conseguido a partir de uma viagem pelas entidades privadas que exercem poderes públicos no geral e os contactos do direito disciplinar privado e da justiça administrativa, com foco na doutrina e na jurisprudência sobre o mundo desportivo, que se concretiza num instituto algo novo do ponto de vista da génese dos poderes públicos das federações desportivas e um olhar critico em relação à instituição do TAD como comprovação da tese defendida.Permite retirar algumas conclusões quanto às ligações do direito privado e administrativo, enquanto simultaneamente demonstra as diferenças cabais que podem existir no decorrer das várias actividades e exercícios de uma federação.Desde da definição do direito disciplinar desportivo como uma manifestação de poderes públicos das federações desportivas, até à caracterização das relações entre o direito sancionatório privado e administrativo na disciplina desportiva, dando ênfase à transferência legal de actividade pública e ao TAD como pleno aplicador do direito desportivo cria-se uma imagem minuciosa e fidedigna da justiça desportiva e representa uma linha de pensamento que pode vir a dar o mote para que tenhamos, em Portugal, uma dimensão autónoma do Direito quando se falar de Desporto, com as federações no núcleo dessa actividade jurídica.

Using the Kobe Bryant sexual assault case as an example, this thesis attempts to understand how the media, specifically The Chicago Tribune, maintain the consistency of a certain representation given changing or new information. A full analysis of all 274 news articles found in The Chicago Tribune from June 30, 2003 (the date the alleged sexual assault took place) through August 31, 2004 (the day before the charges were dismissed), revealed five devices by which journalists managed Bryant’s image. These devices are: (1) case is not paramount, (2) case is hindering basketball, (3) external lures are to blame, (4) silver lining in the allegations, and (5) “court-to-the-court.” The Tribune writers used these devices in order to maintain the newspaper’s credibility as a consistent news source. The newspaper’s credibility was salvaged through reconstruction efforts to reconcile Bryant’s prior, positive persona with the current reality of the sexual assault allegations.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Nesta dissertação abordamos o tema da Imparcialidade no âmbito da atuação do Tribunal Arbitral do Desporto. A criação do TAD, uma entidade jurisdicional independente, com competência especializada para a resolução de conflitos desportivos, veio provocar uma alteração profunda no panorama da resolução de conflitos desportivos em Portugal. São várias as particularidades do seu regime, que se espelham quer em relação ao seu funcionamento, quer em relação ao estatuto dos seus árbitros. Posto isto, é nosso propósito que a análise abranja mais do que as questões da Imparcialidade na atuação deste tribunal, pelo que, no respeita ao seu funcionamento vamos focar-nos em certos aspetos, tais como: o quadro de intervenção do TAD em sede de arbitragem voluntária e necessária, os recursos, as providências cautelares, os meios de prova, o serviço de consulta, a mediação e as custas processuais. Procederemos a uma análise detalhada do estatuto dos árbitros neste tribunal, pois estes compreendem, fundamentalmente, o objeto de estudo. Reveste-se de extrema importância a distinção entre imparcialidade de independência (para melhor compreensão destes conceitos), pois são a base da atuação do árbitro e do tribunal. Abordamos ainda outras questões relevantes, como a natureza da relação estabelecida entre os árbitros e as partes, quais os deveres que surgem dessa relação, e como se concretizam as suas garantias de independência e imparcialidade no âmbito arbitral, tendo como referências a soft law, a Lei da Arbitragem Voluntária e a Lei do Tribunal Arbitral do Desporto.
In this dissertation we approached the issue of impartiality in the context of the performance of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (Tribunal Arbitral do Desporto).The creation of TAD, an entity independent court with specialized competence for the resolution of sporting conflicts, came to provoke a profound change in the panorama of the resolution of sporting conflicts in Portugal.There are several particularities of its regime, which are mirrored both in terms of its operation and in relation to the status of its arbitrators. It is our intention that the analysis encompasses more than the issues of impartiality in the performance of this court, we focus on other aspects of his regime and for its operation, such as: the intervention of the TAD in voluntary and mandatory arbitration, the appeal against the TAD judgment, the injunctions, the means of proof, the consultation service, mediation and the court costs.We shall proceed to an analysis of the status of the arbitrators in this court, because these are, essentially, the object of study. It is extremely important to distinguish between the impartiality of independence (for a better understanding of these concepts), since they are the basis of the performance of the court and arbitrator. We also address other relevant issues, such as the nature of the relationship established between the arbitrators and the parties, what are the duties that arise in this relationship, and how to implement their guarantees of independence and impartiality in the context of arbitration, having as references to soft law, the Portuguese Law of Voluntary Arbitration (LAV) and the Law of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (LTAD).

This thesis deals with the projects of ThePlayersTribune.com and its younger Czech equivalent Bezfrazi.cz. Both websites were created in recent years and their ambition is to change the stereotypical view of athletes brought by traditional media. These platforms give athletes the space to present themselves in their own words and also to be a part of the editing process. Athletes on the websites share their life stories, which are very inspiring and often contains overlap beyond the sports environment. Thus, readers can infiltrate to the lives of famous or less-known athletes, and also, thanks to the first-person storytelling, perceive situations from their perspective. No thesis has dealt with this topic, yet, and so this diploma thesis is conceived as a case study, the aim of which was to introduce, describe the functioning and compare both projects. It deals with their significance for sports journalism, the role of the journalist in mediating stories, verifying the facts in stories and the popularity of stories from the sports environment in general. The diploma thesis also includes own classification of typologically identical stories published on the platforms The Players' Tribune and Bez frází. The stories are qualitatively analyzed. The attention is paid mainly to the narrative structure...

JEL Classifcation System codes: J520 – Z220.
Os conflitos fazem parte das relações humanas, sendo frequentes ao nível das relações laborais desportivas, com especial intensidade no futebol profissional, por força das cada vez mais elevadas verbas em jogo, em virtude da sua fortíssima mediatização, não esquecendo as emoções que o fenómeno provoca e que não deixam ninguém indiferente. A recente entrada em funcionamento do novo Tribunal Arbitral do Desporto permite às partes envolvidas em litígios desportivos recorrer à medição, uma vez que este tribunal dispõe – a exemplo do Tribunal Arbitral do Desporto, sediado em Lausanne, que é a máxima instância de justiça desportiva a nível mundial – de um serviço de mediação, algo que é inovador no nosso regime jurídico-desportivo. A mediação pode vir a constituir, assim, um novo paradigma na resolução dos litígios desportivos, pelo que o objeto deste estudo consiste em tentar demonstrar em que medida poderá a mediação – enquanto meio alternativo de resolução de litígios ligados ao desporto – assumir-se como uma mais adequada resposta aos conflitos emergentes do contrato de trabalho dos jogadores profissionais de futebol, atenta a especificidade desta relação laboral.
Conflicts are part of human relationships and are quite common in sports’ labor relations, with special intensity in professional football, due to its very strong media coverage, in view of the increasingly higher amounts at stake, not forgetting the emotions that the phenomenon causes which leaves no one indifferent. The recent Court of Arbitration for Sport allows the parties involved in sports disputes to use a new mediation service – like the one existing at the Court of Arbitration for Sport, based in Lausanne, which is the maximum instance of sports’ justice in the world – something that is innovative in our legal sports’ regime. Mediation can become a new paradigm in the resolution of sports related disputes, so the object of this study is to try to demonstrate to what extent can mediation - as an alternative dispute resolution – be assumed as a more appropriate response to labor conflicts regarding professional football players, given the specific nature of the labor relationship