Relevant bibliographies by topics / Tribus – Mauritanie

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'Tribus – Mauritanie'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Tribus – Mauritanie"

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Foster, Noel. "Tribus, ethnies et pouvoir en Mauritanie." Journal of North African Studies 17, no. 2 (2012): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2011.634614.

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Bouganour, Ismail. "Civil society and democratic transformation in Mauritania: the paradigm of transition and the antecedents of political change." Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 3 (2017): 372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2017.1341600.

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Mauritania is among the poorest of the world’s nations due, in good measure, to its itinerant Bedouin population that has moved gradually towards urbanization in accordance with the new world order. The country has undergone extensive transformation in the face of international pressure and influence that were brought to bear on it, and their effects have affected the process of transformation, especially those pertaining to the acknowledgement of human rights and freedoms of citizens. The democratic transformation of Mauritania has to be understood in the context of factors interplaying between the social and cultural spheres, in particular the tribal nature of Mauritanian society which, in a de facto sense, designs the roadmap for action on the basis of the citizen’s perpetual tribal affiliation and belonging, as well as the interaction between economic and political reform conforming to economic demands. This study clarifies the democratic transformation that has taken place in Mauritania through particular phases. Although the transformation did not necessarily bring about change in the prevailing political modus operandi of the state, it did, nonetheless, change the balance of the ‘powers that be’ in favour of reform. The latter arose through the role played by political parties that enabled the development of civil society and the possibility for political reforms in future. The study analyses the Mauritanian experience with regard to the success of civil society institutions in furthering their goal of complete reciprocity between the people and their members, and in placing these issues at the heart of the discussion and achieving pioneering successes.
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Lechartier, Clément. "Enclavement et nomadisme des tribus de l’Est mauritanien." Espace populations sociétés, no. 2005/1 (January 1, 2005): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/eps.2696.

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Bisson, Vincent. "Dynamiques comparées de l’urbanisation en milieu tribal (Tunisie et Mauritanie)*." Les Cahiers d’EMAM, no. 17 (March 1, 2009): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/emam.279.

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Bisson, Vincent. "Dynamiques comparées de l’urbanisation en milieu tribal (Tunisie et Mauritanie)." Insaniyat / إنسانيات, no. 44-45 (September 30, 2009): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/insaniyat.622.

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Pazzanita, Anthony G. "Mauritania's Foreign Policy: the Search for Protection." Journal of Modern African Studies 30, no. 2 (1992): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010727.

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Of the 21 members of the Arab League, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania has received perhaps the least attention, ranking far behind other North African states, much less those closer to the Arab—Israeli fault-line or the recent Gulf conflict. Mauritania's desperate economic condition (a G.N.P. per capita of only $446 in 1984) has been occasionally publicised, as well as advancing desertification (reaching even into the centre of the capital, Nouakchott), and the tensions between the ruling Beydane (‘white’) Arabs, supported by their cultural/political allies, and the black African tribes concentrated in the Senegal River valley that erupted into violence in April 1989, and which led to a near-war between Senegal and Mauritania.
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Bisson, Vincent. "Ville et pouvoir en Mauritanie : un instrument politique pour intégrer l’État tribal." L'Année du Maghreb, no. II (March 1, 2007): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/anneemaghreb.134.

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Bonte, Pierre. "Donneurs de femmes ou preneurs d'hommes ? Les Awlad Qaylan, tribu de l'Adrar mauritanien." L'Homme 27, no. 102 (1987): 54–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hom.1987.368811.

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Freire, Francisco. "Saharan migrant camel herders: Znāga social status and the global age." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 3 (2014): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000238.

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ABSTRACTIn the late 20th century, 300 Mauritanian shepherds travelled to the United Arab Emirates in order to tend the herds of some of that country's most prominent leaders. These low-tech subjects of global migration flows were particularly valued and sought after by their Emirati employers for their expertise in raising camels. I analyse the forms and consequences of this migration, focusing on the reintegration of these shepherds into Mauritanian stratified tribal spheres following their return to the Sahara. The possibility of a change in their social status (after a financially rewarding experience in the Gulf) will be a central theme of this article. This issue arises from the pervasive designation of these shepherds as a ‘tributary’ (znāga) group, through the application of the tripartite social model that, to a large extent, still defines Mauritania's arabophone population.
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Sall, Amadou T., Madiama Cisse, Habibou Gueye, et al. "Heat Tolerance of Durum Wheat (Tritcum durum Desf.) Elite Germplasm Tested along the Senegal River." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p217.

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The Senegal River basin (Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal) is a key agricultural production area in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, rice fields are left fallow during the cooler winter season, when the night temperatures reach 16 °C but the maximum daily temperatures remain above 30 °C. This season was used for the first time to conduct multi-environmental trials of durum wheat. Twenty-four elite breeding lines and cultivars were tested for adaptation during seasons 2014-15 and 2015-16 at two stations: Kaedi, Mauritania and Fanaye, Senegal. Phenological traits, grain yield and its components were recorded. Top grain yield was recorded at 5,330 kg ha-1 and the average yield at 2,484 kg ha-1. The season lasted just 90 days from sowing to harvest. Dissection of the yield in its components revealed that biomass and spike fertility (i.e. number of seeds produced per spike) were the most critical traits for adaptation to these warm conditions. This second trait was confirmed in a validation experiment conducted in 2016-17 at the same two sites. Genotype × environment interaction was dissected by AMMI model, and the derived IPC values used to derive an ‘AMMI wide adaptation index’ (AWAI) to asses yield stability. The use of a selection index that combined adjusted means of yield and AWAI identified three genotypes as the most stable and high yielding: ‘Bani Suef 5’, ‘DAWRyT118’, and ‘DAWRyT123’. The last two genotypes were also confirmed among the best in a validation trial conducted in season 2016-17. The data presented here are meant to introduce to the breeding community the use of these two research stations along the Senegal River for assessing heat tolerance of wheat or other winter cereals, as well as presenting two new ideal germplasm sources for heat tolerance, and the identification of spike fertility as the key trait controlling adaptation to heat stress.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Tribus – Mauritanie"

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Ould, Doua Mohamed Mahmoud. "La Mauritanie revisitée : lutte d'accès, violence et accumulation : l'action des mouvements politiques : (Discours et enjeux 1946-1996)." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40044.

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On assiste ses dernieres annees au developpement d'un ensemble de theories qui tentent d'expliquer les echecs et les desenchantements en afrique et dans le monde arabe par la persistance des solidarites tribales et ethniques, donc a l'inadaptation des institutions + d'origines occidentales ; a des societes encore prisonnieres de leur passe. Trente neuf ans apres son independance, la mauritanie n'echappe pas a sa "triste réalité tropicale" faite de veilles rivalites tribales et d'ancestrales "guerres raciales entre noires et arabes". Les "modes populaires d'action politique" ou "la politique par le bas", "l'échec de l'État importé" sont autant de concepts qui tentent a enfermer "l'autre" dans sa specificite, pour lui refuser consciemment ou inconsciemment toute possibilite d'acceder a la modernite. Cette these marque une rupture avec cette approche culturaliste. Elle tend a expliquer la maniere dont se forme et se developpe les solidarites tribales et ethniques, pour comprendre les raisons du blocage et la violence qui les accompagne. Parce que l'elite au pouvoir (civile ou militaire) n'a pas voulu creer une forme de solidarite superieure aux solidarites extra-politiques, parce que toutes les veines de l'expression legale sont fermees, lorsqu'on bloque les dynamiques politiques reelles (les mouvements ideologiques), lorsque la loi sert d'abord a proteger des interets particuliers, l'elite ne trouve d'autres moyens que de se replier dans les niches de l'informel politique (solidarite clanique, corruption. . . ). Elle trouve dans les reseaux sociaux un moyen efficace pour entretenir le conflit afin d'acceder aux ressources necessaires a la consolidation du pouvoir non pas en terme d'accroissement et de productivite, plus simplement dans le seul soucis de boire et de manger (le calcul du ventre). Produite dans un contexte de crise et de lutte d'acces a l'etat et a ses avantages materiels, les acabiyya urbaines (esprit de corps) sont le plus souvent construite sur une base clienteliste, que passivement heritees, pour structurer et proteger des interets menaces. C'est donc sur le terrain de la competition politique et d'interet qu'il faut chercher le sens des identites en politique et non pas dans la forme exotique de fuite et de desespoir politique.
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Villasante-de, Beauvais Mariella. "Solidarité et hiérarchie au sein des Ahl Sīdi Maẖmūd : essai d'anthropologie historique d'une confédération tribale mauritanienne, XVIIIème-XXème siècle". Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0041.

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Pendant longtemps les etudes anthropologiques menees dans l'aire culturelle arabo-musulman ont insiste -dans le cadre de la "theorie de la segmentarite"sur les caracteristiques "egalitaires", segmentaires et unifiliatives du systeme social et politique tribal, que l'on considerait generalement comme oppose a la hierarchie sociale et a l'ordre politique centralise ou etatique moderne. Or, l'analyse de l'evolution politique de la confederation tribale des ahl sidi mahmud -de l'assaba mauritanien- parait montrer d'une part, que du point de vue interne le principe hierarchique est predominant et, d'autre part, qu'il y a pas de raison d'opposer la structure segmentaire tribale -dont les veritables fondements ne sont pas unifiliatifs mais cognatiques- a la structure etatique moderne. Non seulement les deux structures coexistent sans heurts majeurs, mais de plus l'ordre de la parente parait predominer sur l'ordre du politique et sur la vie sociale en general<br>As far the theory of 'segmentary lineage system' is concerned, anthropological studies focusses on the cultural field of arabmuslim societies have been insisting for the early 40's on egalitarian, segmentary and lineage (agnatic) characteristic of the tribal, political and social system. This system was supposed to be opposed both to the social hierarchy and to the political order modern state or ancient. However, the political evolution's analysis of the tribal confederation of ahl sidi mahmud (from assaba in mauritania) seem to show from an internal viewpoint that the hierarchical principle is prevailing. On the other hand, this analysis show that it is not relevant to bring into conflict the tribal and segmentary structure with the modern structure of the state. The two structures don't only coexist without major clash but the kinship's order (apparently agnatic but in reality cognatic) seems to predominate both on the political order and on the social life by and large
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Ould, Sidi Sidi Mohamed. "L'histoire du pouvoir politique mauritanien : à travers le conflit de Bebbe et l'émergence de l'État moderne." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40001.

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Ce travail, résultat de quatre années de recherches, essaie de dégager l'influence du mouvement Almoravide sur la tentative d'instauration d'une structuration politique, dans le Sud-Ouest mauritanien, animée par l'Imam Nacer Eddine et le camp Zouaya maraboutique. L'opposition des Mghafra-Arabes à cette tentative donna lieu au conflit dit de "Bebbe", entre les deux partis, au XVIIe siècle, qui consacra la soumission politique des uns au profit des autres, symbolisa l'instauration progressive de quatre émirats (Trarza, Adrar, Tagant, Brakna) qui se partagèrent le territoire mauritanien jusqu'à l'avénement de la conquête coloniale à partir du début du XXe siècle. On estime que la mise en place d'un état "moderne", par l'entremise paradoxale du pouvoir colonial, en réalité dès les années 1946, peut être considérée comme une revanche des Zouaya sur les Arabes. Tout en essayant de dégager les séquelles des anciennes rivalités entre ces deux principales composantes de l' aristocratie maure, notamment le déchiffrage de leurs manifestations contemporaines.
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Ould, Cheikh Abdel Wedoud. "Nomadisme, islam et pouvoir politique dans la société maure précoloniale : XIème siècle - XIXème siècle : essai sur quelques aspects du tribalisme." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H008.

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5

Bonte, Pierre. "L'emirat de l'adrar : histoire et anthropologie d'une societe tribale du sahara occidental." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0083.

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L'emirat de l'adrar est l'un des quatre emirats constitues en mauritanie depuis la fin du xvii0 siecle. L'etude monographique combine les methodes de l'histoire et de l'anthropologie. La premiere partie analyse les categories de la societe pre-emirale aux fondements de la constitution de remirat. La seconde decrit les conditions de formation et de fonctionnement de celui-ci. La troisieme etudie l'evolution, au xix0 siecle, de la societe civile, impregnee des valeurs de l'islam. La quatrieme traite de la conquete coloniale, le propos de la these est de contribuer a l'etude des formations politiques des societes tribales, pastorales et nomades sahariennes<br>The adrar emirate is one of the four emirates settled in mauriatnia since the end of the xviith century. This monographic study combinates the approaches and methods of history and anthropology. In the first part we analyze the categories of the pre-emiral society and the foundations of the emirate. In the second part are described the constitution and political and social organization of the adrar emirate. In the third part we study the evolution, during the xixth century of the "civil society", impregnated of the islamic values. The fourth part discusses with the french colonial conquest. The object of this thesis is to contribute towards studying the political formations of tribal, pastoral and nomadic saharan societies
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Ould, Sidya Mohamed. "Tribu et etat en mauritanie de 1946 a 1978. Essai descriptif." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10025.

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L'etat national mauritanien est ne en 1960 dans un contexte ou il ne pouvait s'affirmer qu'en menageant les chefferies tribales traditionnelles. A partir de 1965, le pouvoir en place operait un renversement d'alliances interieures et engageait une forme d'etatisation de la vie politique, economique et sociale. A cet effet, il se cree son propre instrument de legitimation a travers un parti unique. Par cet instrument, il ne voulait pas seulement se passer de la tribu, mais il voulait combattre celle-ci. Au bout de son parcours politique, le pouvoir mauritanien a-t-il neutralise la tribu ? les abus et regressions ulterieures a 1978 semblent plutot confirmer un reel regain de tribalisme ou les interets maraboutiques sont preponderants<br>The national mauritanian state was born in 1960 in such context that it only could assut itself by treating the traditional chieftraineries with consideration. From 1965, the verling authorities carried out internal reversal alliances by undertaking through the institutionalization of a single political party. By this instrument, it not only wanted to do without the tribe, bu it intented to combat it. At the end of their political run, have the first mauritanian gouvernement mastered the tribe ? the subsequent abus and regressions of 1978 nether seem to confirm a real revival of tribalism where maraboutic interests play a leading part
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Bisson, Vincent. "Dynamiques comparées de l'urbanisation en milieu tribal (Tunisie et Mauritanie)." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012055.

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La sédentarisation des nomades du monde arabe reconfigure les territoires et engendre de nouveaux espaces de négociation, parallèlement à la remobilisation des solidarités tribales ('açabiyyât) dans les anciennes localités. La comparaison de quatre villes, Douz et Kébili en Tunisie, Kiffa et Tijikja en Mauritanie, remet en cause l'opposition culturelle entre nouveaux pôles de sédentarisation et vieilles cités oasiennes. Dans un État "fort" (la Tunisie), les 'açabiyyât sont détribalisées, mais le droit coutumier est instrumentalisé. On assiste à un repli des communautés sur des enclaves foncières, et la ville de tribu est une ressource patrimoniale à défendre et à se partager. À l'inverse, dans un État "tribal" (la Mauritanie), on assiste à une ascension en direction de l'État. La tribu est sans impact spatial majeur au sein de l'espace urbain, mais la ville est érigée en étendard d'un néo-tribalisme en quête d'État à ponctionner.
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Marchesin, Philippe. "État et société en Mauritanie 1946 - 1986 : de l'historicité du politique en Afrique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024108.

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Sousa, Joana Lucas de. "Um serviço de chá e um kit GPS. Reconfigurações identitárias e outros desafios entre os imraguen da mauritânia." Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/1295.

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Ao longo desta dissertação procurámos cruzar criticamente a literatura teórica sobre o sistema tribal Mauritano, com uma breve revisão histórica sobre o sistema territorial do país e as suas recomposições ao longo do tempo. Tentámos, ao mesmo tempo, ilustrar etnograficamente as problemáticas suscitadas, através da realização de trabalho de terreno em algumas aldeias de pescadores Imraguen, Arkeiss, Agadir e Iwik, situadas na costa atlântica da Mauritânia, território sob a alçada do Parque Nacional do Banco de Arguim desde 1976. Neste contexto pudemos avaliar da funcionalidade da linguagem tribal, bem como das múltiplas identidades que podem ser invocadas pelas populações que aqui habitam. Desta forma, entrelaçando as questões tribais com as questões territoriais, esta dissertação é antes de mais um exercício sobre as vastas possibilidades de reconfigurações identitárias, utilizadas e manejadas pelos Imraguen.<br>During this dissertation we have sought to cross-study the theoretical literature about the Mauritanian tribal system, with a short historical revision on the country’s territorial system and its evolutions over time. We have sought, at the same time, to ethnographically illustrate the questions raised, through the realization of field work in some Imraguen fisherman villages, such as Arkeiss, Agadir and Iwik, located in Mauritania’s Atlantic coast, which territory is under the control of Banc d’Arguin National Park since 1976. In this ethnographic context we were able to evaluate the functionality of the tribal language, as well as the multiple identities that can be evocated by the populations that live there. In this way, crossing the tribal and the territorial questions, this dissertation is above all an exercise about the several possibilities of identity reconfigurations, used and held by the Imragen.
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Books on the topic "Tribus – Mauritanie"

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Marchesin, Philippe. Tribus, ethnies et pouvoir en Mauritanie. Karthala, 1992.

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Tribus, ethnies et pouvoir en Mauritanie. Karthala, 2010.

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Laiglesia, Antonio Carlos de. Breve estudio sobre las tribus moras de Mauritania. Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura, 1985.

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Qabīlat Ahl Mawlāy ʻUmar al-Ḥusaynīyah al-Mūrītānīyah: Nasabuhā, tārīkhuhā, makānatuhā. s.n.], 1997.

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Beauvais, Mariella Villasante-de. Parenté et politique en Mauritanie: Essais d'anthropologie historique. Harmattan, 1998.

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L'émirat de l'Adrar mauritanien: Ḥarîm, compétition et protection dans une société tribale saharienne. Karthala, 2008.

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Mauritania, 1986-1989: Background to a crisis, three years of political imprisonment, torture, and unfair trials. Amnesty International, National Office, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Tribus – Mauritanie"

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Bonte, Pierre. "3. Tribus, tribalisme, territorialité." In État et société en Mauritanie. Karthala, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/kart.ould.2014.01.0145.

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Wehrey, Frederic, and Anouar Boukhars. "Ambiguities of Salafism in Mauritania." In Salafism in the Maghreb. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190942403.003.0003.

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Modern Salafism in Mauritania surged in the late 1970s and 1980s amid an influx of Gulf funding and religious activity, combined with a wave of urbanization. Its growth has always been tempered and affected by the country’s unique religious landscape, to include strong institutions of religious learning, Sufi orders, and more recently, competing political Islamists. As a result, Salafism has inhabited a contested and ambiguous position in Mauritanian society, with prominent Salafi figures having to modulate some of Salafism’s more sectarian tenets. Salafism has also been shaped by the country’s racial and tribal divides and, especially, its wave of military-led repression, which has given certain currents of Salafism a strong basis for critique of the political order. Violent jihadism in the form of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) attacks has been the most severe form of this critique, and the regime’s response has been a mix of ideological rehabilitation and judicial repression.
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"From the Disappearance of ‘Tribes’ to Reawakening of the Tribal Feeling: Strategies of State among the Formerly Nomadic Bidān (Arabophone) of Mauritania." In Nomadic Societies in the Middle East and North Africa. BRILL, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047417750_008.

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