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Journal articles on the topic 'Trickling filter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Chen, Yi Qing, Jian Wei Wu, Wang Feng Cai, and Ying Zhong. "Study on Treatment of Odor Containing H₂S and NH₃ by Industrial Scale Bio-Trickling Filters." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 330–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.330.

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The treatment of H2S and NH3 odor produced in sewage disposal process was carried out in industrial scale bio-trickling filters filled with different kinds of filler. The processing capacity per unit volume and the processing capacity per unit volume filler on odor removal performance for different bio-trickling filter were investigated. The results demonstrate that there are remarkable differences in deodorization performance between different kinds of bio-trickling filters.

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2

Gebert, W., and P. A. Wilderer. "Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (2000): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0025.

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The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustain

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3

Daigger, G. T., T. A. Heinemann, G. Land, and R. S. Watson. "Practical experience with combined carbon oxidation and nitrification in plastic media trickling filters." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (1994): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0761.

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Long-term data from three full-scale trickling filters installations accomplishing combined carbon oxidation and nitrification are presented. Analysis of these data indicates that the oxidation of organic matter and ammonia-nitrogen in the trickling filter can be characterized by a single parameter which is calculated as the trickling filter organic loading (expressed in terms of BOD5 or biodegradable COD) plus the ammonia-nitrogen oxidized converted to oxygen equivalents using the conversion factor 4.6 kgO2/kg NO3-N. This parameter, which is referred to as the volumetric oxidation rate and is

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4

Dorias, Bernd, and Peter Baumann. "Denitrification in trickling filters." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (1994): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0267.

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National and international regulations require a minimum nitrogen removal efficiency of 70% in most public sewage treatment plants. Unlike in activated sludge plants, selective denitrification in trickling filters was not possible until now. Therefore the aim was to employ trickling filter plants for selective denitrification, using innovative technology that involved minimum capital expenditure. For selective denitrification, it is necessary to prevent as much as possible the transfer of oxygen into the trickling filter while feeding the nitrate to be removed, a process similar to upstream de

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5

Parker, D. S., M. P. Lutz, and A. M. Pratt. "New Trickling Filter Applications in the U.S.A." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 1-2 (1990): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0148.

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After falling in disfavor in the U.S. in the 1970s, trickling filters are now reappearing in new applications. The Trickling Filter/Solids Contact (TF/SC) process uses physical and biological flocculation features to transform the poor quality of the trickling filter effluent into an effluent equal to the best activated sludge system. Over 50 TF/SC plants have been built since the process was introduced in 1979. The recent development (1988) of the Biofilm-Controlled Nitrifying Trickling Filter (BCNTF) has permitted higher rate operation and rendered the process less costly than the activated

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6

Andersson, B., H. Aspegren, D. S. Parker, and M. P. Lutz. "High rate nitrifying trickling filters." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (1994): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0744.

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A two year pilot plant study has been performed in order to evaluate a nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) process within an upgrading project for increased nutrient removal. The operation of the filters was very stable without upsets due to predators. The filter microfauna was dominated by worms and the presence of filter fly larvae was limited. Suggested predator control methods like flooding or varying the flushing intensity did not affect the identified microfauna. By operating the filters in a two stage alternating series filtration mode, higher nitrification rates and lower effluent ammoni

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7

Parker, Denny S. "Trickling Filter Mythology." Journal of Environmental Engineering 125, no. 7 (1999): 618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1999)125:7(618).

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8

Albertson, Orris E., Robert W. Okey, Peter Pearce, and Denny S. Parker. "Trickling Filter Mythology." Journal of Environmental Engineering 127, no. 1 (2001): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2001)127:1(83).

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9

Kuang, Ying, Qi Rong Dong, and He Li Wang. "Study on Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Using an Integrated A/O Trickling Filter." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.819.

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Two columns were experimented to compare trickling filter with integrated A/O trickling filter (IA/OTT) in this study. Denitrification and phosphorus removal were limited in traditional trickling filter. By designing anoxic section, adding carbon source and recycling outflow, denitrification was enhanced in IA/OTT. Meanwhile, chemical-biological methods were used to improve the phosphorus removal. It was shown that removal efficiency of CODcr, NH3-N, TN and TP were ideal. Compared with the traditional trickling filter, especially, the removal efficiency of TN and TP were respectively about 35%

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10

Imran, Ali Zahid Mahmood Khan Mohsin Ali Musharib Khan. "Effect of Season and Organic Loading Variation on the Operation of an Indigenously Developed Maize Cobs Trickling Filter (MCTF)." International Journal of Engineering Works 1, no. 3 (2015): 52–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15751.

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Trickling filters are an attractive wastewater treatment option but the past experience of installing and operating them in Pakistan is not very successful as they have not performed up to the mark. It is, therefore, important to identify the underlying operational problems of trickling filter and resolving them. A pilot scale indigenous maize cobs trickling filter (MCTF) was developed using agricultural waste (Maize cobs) as a biological growth medium to investigate the effect of operational parameters like temperature and organic loadings on the performance of trickling filter operation. The

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11

Liang, Jiabin, Yuan Yuan, Zimeng Zhang, Shijie You, and Yixing Yuan. "Modeling a Three-Stage Biological Trickling Filter Based on the A2O Process for Sewage Treatment." Water 13, no. 9 (2021): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091152.

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Biological trickling filters are widely used for sewage treatment. This study models a biological trickling filter based on an anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process (A2O–BTF), established by a combination of aerobic and anaerobic technology. The performance and operational parameters were analyzed using Sumo, a commercially available wastewater treatment process (WWTP) simulation software. The wastewater treatment performance of the anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process biological trickling filter (A2O–BTF), the conventional three-stage biological trickling filter (Three-Stage–BTF), and the single-stage biolo

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12

Melcer, Henryk, Wayne J. Parker, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Modeling of volatile organic contaminants in trickling filter systems." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (1995): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0023.

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Despite the widespread use of trickling filters, there has been minimal investigation of the fate of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in such systems. A model describing the fate of VOCs in trickling filters is described. The removal of VOCs was investigated in a pilot-scale trickling filter receiving a feed of sewage dosed with a constant concentration of selected VOCs. Increasing hydraulic loading tended to increase the proportion of influent VOCs found in the effluent. Imposing effluent recycle also increased the fraction of VOCs found in the effluent but also decreased the fraction str

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13

Jafarinejad, Shahryar. "Economic Analysis: Trickling Filter/Activated Sludge or Nitrifying Trickling Filter/Activated Sludge?" Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 2 (2019): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0024.

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Abstract The performance and economic simulation and modeling are crucial for accurate and rapid designing, construction, and forecasting future economic needs of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTPs). In this study, combined nitrifying trickling filter/activated sludge (NTF/AS) process was suggested for the modernization of a MWWTP and the performance and economics of MWWTPs based on the combined TF/AS process and combined NTF/AS process were analyzed and compared. In real, the performance, total project construction, total operation labor, total maintenance labor, total material, to

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14

Dzionek, Anna, Danuta Wojcieszyńska, Małgorzata Adamczyk-Habrajska, and Urszula Guzik. "Enhanced Degradation of Naproxen by Immobilization of Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) on Loofah Sponge." Molecules 25, no. 4 (2020): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040872.

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The naproxen-degrading bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis B1(2015b) was immobilised onto loofah sponge and introduced into lab-scale trickling filters. The trickling filters constructed for this study additionally contained stabilised microflora from a functioning wastewater treatment plant to assess the behavior of introduced immobilized biocatalyst in a fully functioning bioremediation system. The immobilised cells degraded naproxen (1 mg/L) faster in the presence of autochthonous microflora than in a monoculture trickling filter. There was also abundant colonization of the loofah sponges by t

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15

Seggelke, K., F. Obenaus, and K. H. Rosenwinkel. "Dynamic simulation of a low loaded trickling filter for nitrification." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (1999): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0202.

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For this report, an existing biofilm model was examined in regard to its suitability for the simulation of full scale trickling filter for nitrification. The system was calibrated using the results ascertained in a measuring campaign under dry weather conditions. The verification was done using the results of a second examination period which included spells of stormwater input. It was possible for all periods to satisfactorily illustrate the degradation performance of the simulated trickling filters in regard to dynamics and quantity.

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16

Meiring, P. G. J., and R. A. Oellermann. "Biological removal of algae in an integrated pond system." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (1995): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0450.

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A system of oxidation ponds in series with a biological trickling filter is described. It was known that this arrangement was incapable of reducing effectively the levels of algae present in the pond liquid even though nitrification was effected because of autotrophic conditions prevailing in the trickling filters. This very low trophic level explained the lack of adsorptive capacity present. By shortcircuiting less than 10 percent of the effluent from a fully loaded primary facultative oxidation pond to the trickling filter, the autotrophuc nature or the film in the trickling filter was suffi

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17

Wang, Xuechun, Xintian Li, Peng Hao, Xinran Duan, Yunhang Gao, and Xiaojun Liang. "Cellulosimicrobium sp. Strain L1: A Study on the Optimization of the Conditions and Performance of a Combined Biological Trickling Filter for Hydrogen Sulfide Degradation." Microorganisms 12, no. 8 (2024): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081513.

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Sulfide is a toxic and hazardous substance in the agricultural environment, which can cause damage to humans and livestock when exposed to large amounts of air. In this study, we performed one-factor optimization of the culture conditions and culture fractions of the Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain L1 and combined it with a biological trickling filter cell for the degradation of hydrogen sulfide for 24 consecutive days. The degradation effect of strain L1 and the biological trickling filter (BTF) on hydrogen sulfide was investigated, and the changes in intermediate products in the degradation pr

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18

Nourmohammadi, Davood, Mir-Bager Esmaeeli, Hossein Akbarian, and Mohammad Ghasemian. "Nitrogen Removal in a Full-Scale Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant with Activated Sludge and Trickling Filter." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/504705.

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During the last decade, more stringent effluent requirements concerning the nutrients effluent values have been imposed by legislation and social concern. In this study, efficiency of total nitrogen removal in activated sludge and trickling filter processes (AS/TF) was investigated in Tehran North wastewater treatment plant. Biological system in this site was included, anoxic selector tank, aeration tank, final sedimentation, and trickling filter. A part of treated wastewater before chlorination was mixed with supernatant of dewatered sludge and fed to the trickling filter. Supernatant of dewa

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19

Möbius, C. H., I. Demel, and R. Huster. "Performance Increase of Papermill Waste Water Treatment Plants by a High-Capacity Trickling Filter Inserted as First Biological Stage." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 7-8 (1990): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0248.

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In many cases, it will be advisable to enhance operational safety and increase degradation performance of existing activated sludge plants by inserting a high-capacity trickling filter with plastic media. Easily degradable carbohydrates are largely decomposed in the trickling filter at low energy requirements. This allows the subsequent activated sludge stage to be set to reduced BOD sludge load levels which are required for efficient COD elimination, because the volume load has been reduced and a higher biomass concentration can be obtained at a lower sludge volume index. In the light of seve

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20

Morgan, Scott, Ray Farley, and Rob Pearson. "Retrofitting an existing trickling filter plant to BNR standard - Selfs Point, Tasmania's first." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 6 (1999): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0284.

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Hobart City Council has three separate wastewater catchments. Prior to 1997 one catchment discharged untreated sewage to the Derwent River estuary. The State environmental authority required this wastewater to be treated to nutrient removal standard. Following extensive investigations to determine options, Council decided to transfer this wastewater to the existing Selfs Point trickling filter plant. Augmentation of this facility to biological nutrient removal standard was selected to meet the more stringent licence conditions. Council required the new treatment process to utilise current best

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21

Pearce, P. "Trickling filters for upgrading low technology wastewater plants for nitrogen removal." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 11-12 (2004): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0801.

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Previous work through the 1990s in the Thames Water region in the UK has demonstrated the ability of the trickling filter process to produce fully nitrified effluents, reliably throughout the year. The original data used for the nitrification model derivations have been reanalysed, to investigate the degree of nitrogen removal across the process. Removals of total nitrogen ranging from 0% to over 50% were observed across the trickling filter process and calculated total nitrogen removals of 26-63% were obtained when primary treatment was included. The degree of nitrogen removal and biological

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22

Balmér, P., L. Ekfjorden, D. Lumley, and A. Mattsson. "Upgrading for nitrogen removal under severe site restrictions." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 9 (1998): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0356.

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The Rya WWTP in Göteborg, Sweden is a highly loaded activated sludge plant which has been upgraded to remove nitrogen and to increase the biologically treated flow by 33% to reduce bypassing. Severe site restrictions made it difficult to increase the plant area. This was solved using a compant process based on tertiary nitrification in trickling filters and recirculation to a highly loaded activated sludge unit for denitrification. The necessary volumes were achieved by expanding the plant upwards, thus making it possible to place the trickling filters a in part of the area occupied by the for

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23

Mehlhart, G. F. "Upgrading of existing trickling filter plants for denitrification." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 6 (1994): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0266.

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New European Union Guidelines ask for nutrient removal. For trickling filters it was necessary to develop new design criteria for denitrification. The paper presents the results of half-scaled and full-scaled experiments with activated sludge systems, fixed bed reactors prepositioned and postpositioned. Further results out of literature are added. Possible design criteria are shown. It is emphasized that some trickling filters show simultanous nitrogen elimination of up to 80 %.

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24

Kopeć, Łukasz, Jakub Drewnowski, and F. J. Fernandez-Morales. "Effect of organic nitrogen concentration on the efficiency of trickling filters." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183002007.

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The study was conducted in Poland at six selected wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) based on the trickling filters Bioclere® technology. The aim of the study was to find the relationship between the influent organic nitrogen concentration and the purification efficiency expressed as effluent COD concentration. In the tests performed, the COD to BOD5 relationship was close to 2 and the ratio of BOD5 to TN was lower than 4. The research indicated that this specific chemical composition of raw wastewater causes appearance of filamentous bacteria on the surface of trickling filter filling and str

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25

Gomez, E., X. Wang, S. Dagnino, et al. "Fate of endocrine disrupters in waste stabilization pond systems." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 11 (2007): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.350.

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The performance in the removal of estrogenicity from wastewater was studied in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Different treatment processes were evaluated: stabilization ponds and trickling filter. Sampling was performed from the input to the output of the treatment systems. The total estrogenic activity was determined with MCF-7-derived cell lines which express the endogenous estrogen receptor α. The two wastewater stabilization ponds with long retention time had high removal of estrogenicity (90% to 95%). Trickling filters despite being effective at removing organic load were les

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26

Rosén, Maria, and Thomas Welander. "Microbiology of an Anoxic Trickling Filter." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (1994): 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0366.

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27

Polanco, Julio A., Jana Safarik, Jason S. Dadakis, Claire Johnson, and Megan H. Plumlee. "Enteric virus removal by municipal wastewater treatment to achieve requirements for potable reuse." PLOS Water 2, no. 9 (2023): e0000052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000052.

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Primary and secondary treatment of municipal wastewater contributes to virus removal upstream of advanced purification to produce water for potable reuse. In this study, virus occurrence by cultivable and molecular methods was measured over a 24-month period in raw wastewater influents and secondary effluents from two municipal wastewater treatment plants that together provide the recycled water source for an advanced water purification facility. Using a rank-paired, covariance-based statistical approach, virus log removal values were determined for four wastewater treatment processes that ope

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28

Tatoulis, T.T., M.K. Michailides, A.G. Tekerlekopoulou, C.S. Akratos, S. Pavlou, and D. Vayenas. "Simultaneous Treatment of Agro-Industrial and Industrial Wastewaters: Case Studies of Cr(VI)/Second Cheese Whey and Cr(VI)/Winery Effluents." Water (Switzerland) 10, no. 4 (2018): art. no. 382. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040382.

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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was co-treated either with second cheese whey (SCW) or winery effluents (WE) using pilot-scale biological trickling filters in series under different operating conditions. Two pilot-scale filters in series using plastic support media were used in each case. The first filter (i.e., Cr-SCW-filter or Cr-WE-filter) aimed at Cr(VI) reduction and the partial removal of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD) from SCW or WE and was inoculated with indigenous microorganisms originating from industrial sludge. The second filter in series (i.e., SCW-filter or WE-filter) aim

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29

Hinton, Steven W., and H. David Stensel. "Oxygen Utilization of Trickling Filter Biofilms." Journal of Environmental Engineering 120, no. 5 (1994): 1284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1994)120:5(1284).

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30

KUENEN, J., B. JORGENSEN, and N. REVSBECH. "Oxygen microprofiles of trickling filter biofilms." Water Research 20, no. 12 (1986): 1589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(86)90125-9.

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31

Hinton, Steven W., and H. David Stensel. "Experimental observation of trickling filter hydraulics." Water Research 25, no. 11 (1991): 1389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(91)90117-9.

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32

de Vet, Weren W. J. M., Willem Jan Knibbe, Luuk C. Rietveld, and Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht. "Biological active groundwater filters: exploiting natural diversity." Water Supply 13, no. 1 (2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.076.

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In the Netherlands, biological trickling filters without chemical pre-oxidation are generally applied to treat anaerobic groundwater, containing methane, iron, ammonium and manganese. Previous research showed that all compounds can be removed in one filter step and that not only the ammonia oxidation (by nitrification), but also the iron oxidation is often a biological process, despite oxygen saturated conditions and neutral pH. However, the optimal conditions for each process differs. In this paper, we report the preliminary results of a demonstration plant (40 m3 h–1) with two consecutive tr

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33

Battistoni, P., G. Fava, and A. Gatto. "High Load Trickling Filters. Biofilm Accumulation and Sludge Production." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (1992): 2405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0748.

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A pilot–scale investigation was carried out to evaluate the parameters affecting biofilm accumulation and sludge production. The behaviour of a cross flow (CF) plastic medium filter (4.3 m of Plasdek B 27) was followed over an eight month period. Four hydraulic loadings, from 2.5 to 3.6 m3/m2h, (organic loadings from 1.5 to 6.2 Kg BOD5/m3d) were experimented. Medium temperature, BOD5 influent and hydraulic loading were determinants for biofilm accumulation and sludge production. The specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of waste sludge was found related to inlet BOD5. Furthermore a relationship b

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34

Fadel, Ahmed. "Rehabilitation and Upgrading of the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 7-8 (1990): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0238.

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Many of Egypt's cities have existing treatment plants under operation that have been constructed before 1970. Almost all of these treatment plants now need rehabilitation and upgrading to extend their services for a longer period. One of these plants is the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant. The Beni Suef WWTP was constructed in 1956. It has primary treatment followed by secondary treatment employing intermediate rate trickling filters. The BOD, COD, and SS concentration levels are relatively high. They are approximately 800, 1100, and 600 mg/litre, respectively. The Beni Suef city req

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35

Al-Sakkaf, Basem Mohammed, Sadia Nasreen, and Naeem Ejaz. "Degradation Pattern of Textile Effluent by Using Bio and Sono Chemical Reactor." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8965627.

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The research study was conducted to design the ultrasonic-assisted electrochemical reactor and the bioreactor/filter to evaluate the potential applicability of biological trickling filter system and to compare the efficiency of two reactors such as SER and TF for the treatment of textile industry effluents. Also the study to design Sonoelectrolytic process for wastewater treatment of textile industry containing strong color, high temperature, suspended particles and dissolved solid particles has been conducted. Effect to environment and health is caused by oxygen demand (BOD), high chemical ox

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36

Boller, Markus, Manfred Tschui, and Willi Gujer. "Effects of transient nutrient concentrations in tertiary biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 1 (1997): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0023.

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In different pilot experiments with tertiary trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, aerated biofilters and other fixed bed reactors, the effects of transient NH4-loading rates, transient oxygenation capacities, short- and long-term organic loading on nitrification performance were studied. Operating tools and mechanisms are shown to enhance NH4- and O2-limited nitrification rates. Periodic flow reversal in trickling filter and rotating contactor series and the use of pure oxygen in biofilters are possibilities to increase the nitrification capacity of tertiary biofilm reactors. Due

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37

Lekang, Odd-Ivar, and Helge Kleppe. "Efficiency of nitrification in trickling filters using different filter media." Aquacultural Engineering 21, no. 3 (2000): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0144-8609(99)00032-1.

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38

Fruhen, M., W. Kühn, and M. Dohmann. "Upgrading of a wastewater treatment plant utilizing existing trickling filters and a new filter stage." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 12 (1994): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0582.

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The upgrading of wastewater treatment plants with the objective of enhancing the elimination of nitrogen and phosphorus is a demanding undertaking as regards the choice of process technology, especially if the basic function of existing treatment systems is to be retained. With reference to an existing two-stage biological sewage plant with trickling filters in the second stage, the present paper illustrates how the volume of the activated sludge stage that is being enlarged can be minimized by exploiting the benefits of a primary treatment stage with high BOD5 elimination and by integrating t

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39

Daigger, Glen T., and Joshua P. Boltz. "Trickling Filter and Trickling Filter‐Suspended Growth Process Design and Operation: A State-of-the-Art Review." Water Environment Research 83, no. 5 (2011): 388–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143010x12681059117210.

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40

Awad, Saad Naif, and Basim Hussein Khudair Al-Obaidi. "Performance Evaluation of Trickling Filter and Extended Aeration of Wastewater Treatment Plants." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 3 (2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.03.08.

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In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in wastewater treatment because of its direct impact on the environment and public health. Over time, other forms of treatment have been developed and modified, including extended aeration. This process is included in the suspended growth system. In this paper, a comparative study was conducted between the efficiency of the extended aeration plant and that of the trickling filter plant in removal of BOD and COD. The method of comparison was done by knowing the value of the pollutant before and after the treatment and then extract the remova

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41

Vanhooren, H., T. Verbrugge, G. Boeije, D. Demey, and P. A. Vanrolleghem. "Adequate model complexity for scenario analysis of VOC stripping in a trickling filter." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 7 (2001): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0382.

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Two models describing the stripping of volatile organic contaminants (VOCs) in an industrial trickling filter system are developed. The aim of the models is to investigate the effect of different operating conditions (VOC loads and air flow rates) on the efficiency of VOC stripping and the resulting concentrations in the gas and liquid phases. The first model uses the same principles as the steady-state non-equilibrium activated sludge model SimpleTreat, in combination with an existing biofilm model. The second model is a simple mass balance based model only incorporating air and liquid and th

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Mondal, Bibek, Mustafa A. Warith, and Stephen D. Burns. "Comparison of Shredded Tire Chips and Tire Crumbs as Packing Media in Trickling Filters." Water Quality Research Journal 42, no. 4 (2007): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2007.034.

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Abstract A five stage study was conducted using two trickling filters, one with shredded tire chips (12 to 50 mm) and the other with tire crumbs (1.5 to 6.5 mm) as packing media, and both landfill leachate and synthetically prepared leachate, to evaluate treatment performance. Due to increased surface area and sorption capacity, compared with other materials, a thick layer of biomass developed over the surface of tire chips and crumbs and sloughed off after approximately 21 days. Biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and ammonia nitrogen removal were in the range of 81 to 96%, 76

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Liu, Zhi Fei, and De Hong Pang. "Study on the Treatment of Nitrogen Oxides by Compound Bio-Filter." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1824–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1824.

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Activated carbon and wood chips were applied respectively as packing material of bio-trickling filter and bio-filter which composed the compound bio-filter and the effect of different operating parameters on NOx removal efficiency were studied. The results show that the best operating conditions of the compound bio-filter are: NO inlet concentration 604.5 mg/m3, spray volume 1.2 L/h, gas flow 0.6 m3/h(empty bed residence time 103.7 s).In such cases,NOx removal efficiency is over 96% and NOx removal load of the packing material is 29.66 g/(m3•h) . The remove of NOx is mainly completed by the pa

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Opara, C.C., A.A. Adedeji, and Onuabuchi Azunna. "Biological Treatment of Platform Waste–Water Using Bench-Scale Trickling Filters." Greener Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 2 (2013): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjbs.2013.2.121912329.

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The treatment of wastewater from a crude oil platform situated in the shallow offshore of the Atlantic ocean of Nigeria by two standard plants, namely the Wemco Depurator and the Red Fox Treatment Plant have not adequately reduced the levels of oil contaminants and odour to acceptable limits for discharge. A secondary treatment, based on the principles of the trickling filter was therefore investigated to complement the two plants already in operation. A bench-scale trickling filter was assembled and characterized using a mathematical model to understand the effect of hydraulic loading on the

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Kanwar, Rana Muhammad Asif, Zahid Mahmood Khan, and Hafiz Umar Farid. "Investigation of municipal wastewater treatment by agricultural waste materials in locally designed trickling filter for peri-urban agriculture." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (2021): 2298–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.075.

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Abstract A pilot scale trickling filter system was designed, developed, and operated using a constant recirculation method for treatment of municipal wastewater. Maize cob (TF1) and date palm fibre (TF2) were used as biofilm support media in a trickling filter system. Both the TF1 and TF2 were compared based on the removal efficiency of pollution indicators such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and sulphates. The hydraulic flow rat

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Sadrnejad, S. A. "Nitrification Processes in Tehran Wastewater Treatment Plant." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2011 (May 31, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/545794.

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A wastewater treatment plant is designed to daily treat 450000 m3 of wastewater collected from the city of Tehran. The wastewater treatment plant is located at the south of Shahr-Ray in southern Tehran with the area of 110 hectares. The treatment plant effluent will be transferred to Varamin agricultural lands to be used for the irrigation of crops. A conventional activated sludge for carbon removal and a high-rate trickling filter for nitrification of ammonia to nitrate are designed and constructed. The treatment plant consists of inlet pumping station, primary treatment, primary sedimentatio

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Thörn, Marina, Ann Mattsson, and Fred Sörensson. "Biofilm development in a nitrifying trickling filter." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 1-2 (1996): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0359.

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Two start-ups with a nitrifying trickling filter carrying different substratum densities (157 and 226 m2 m−3) have been made during winter time. The biofilm development time in both cases was approximately 100 days (nitrification rates between 0.6–1.6 gN m−2 d−1 when fully developed) and the pattern of the increase of the nitrification rate was similar during both the biofilm development periods. The substratum density did not affect the nitrification rate, and thus the total amount of ammonium nitrified in the denser material was higher. Microbial parameters were measured during biofilm devel

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Dai, Y., A. Constantinou, and P. Griffiths. "Enhanced nitrogen removal in trickling filter plants." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 10 (2013): 2273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.119.

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The Beaudesert Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), originally built in 1966 and augmented in 1977, is a typical biological trickling filter (TF) STP comprising primary sedimentation tanks (PSTs), TFs and humus tanks. The plant, despite not originally being designed for nitrogen removal, has been consistently achieving over 60% total nitrogen reduction and low effluent ammonium concentration of less than 5 mg NH3-N/L. Through the return of a NO3−-rich stream from the humus tanks to the PSTs and maintaining an adequate sludge age within the PSTs, the current plant is achieving a substantial degree of

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Logan, B. E. "Discussion: Oxygen Utilization of Trickling Filter Biofilms." Journal of Environmental Engineering 122, no. 4 (1996): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1996)122:4(333).

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Randall, Andrew Amis, J. Martin Sullivan, John Dietz, and Clifford W. Randall. "Industrial Pretreatment: Trickling Filter Performance and Design." Journal of Environmental Engineering 123, no. 11 (1997): 1072–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1997)123:11(1072).

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