Journal articles: 'Tricoma glandular'

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Lucena, Maria de Fátima de Araújo, and Margareth Ferreira de Sales. "TRICOMAS FOLIARES EM ESPÉCIES DE CROTON L. (CROTONOIDEAE-EUPHORBIACEAE)." Rodriguésia 57, no. 1 (January 2006): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200657102.

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RESUMO Foi realizado estudo da ultraestrutura dos tricomas foliares em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) de 14 espécies do gênero Croton, ocorrentes nas zonas do litoral e da mata do estado de Pernambuco, com o objetivo de caracterizar morfologicamente cada tipo de tricoma, como recurso auxiliar na delimitação das espécies e ainda relacionálos à classificação de Webster. Foram registrados 10 tipos de tricomas: estrelado-porrecto, fasciculado, multiradiado, dendrítico, lepidoto, estrelado-rotado, estrelado-lepidoto, dentado-lepidoto, simples e glandular. Na maioria dos taxa predomina o tipo estrelado-porrecto; apenas uma espécie apresenta tricoma do tipo lepidoto. Foi possível observar que cada espécie mantém constante seu (s) tipo(s) de tricoma revelando, portanto, ser o tipo de tricoma um caráter relevante na taxonomia do gênero.

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De Freitas, Joelson Andre, Maria Fernanda Brandão Nonato, Vanderley Soares Souza, Wilson Roberto Maluf, Americo Lorio Ciociola Junior, and Germano Leao Demolin Leite. "Relações entre acilaçúcares, tricoma glandular e resistência do tomateiro à mosca branca." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 24 (April 30, 2008): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v24i0.2286.

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Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de entender o envolvimento dos tricomas glandulares tipo IV, contendo acilaçúcares, na resistência de tomateiro à Bemisia argentifolii. Os genótipos utilizados foram: Lycopersicon esculentum ‘TOM-584’, desprovido de acilaçúcares e de tricomas tipo IV; L. pennellii ‘LA-716’, rico em acilaçúcares e em tricomas tipo IV; bem como suas plantas F2: BPX-370#30 e BPX-370#79. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos (genótipos), três e seis repetições dos parentais e dos clones F2, respectivamente. As quantificações dos tricomas tipo IV foram feitas do lado abaxial dos folíolos, em 20 cortes paradérmicos/planta, distribuídos em cinco folíolos/planta e quatro cortes/folíolo. As informações sobre os teores de acilaçúcares, bem como dos números de adultos mortos e ninfas vivas de mosca branca dos genótipos em teste, foram obtidas de outros estudos. Foram realizados contrastes entre as médias dos genótipos F2, para a densidade de tricomas, número de adultos mortos e de ninfas vivas de mosca branca. Não houve influência do tricoma tipo IV na resistência do tomateiro à mosca branca. A presença de adultos mortos do inseto nas plantas com este tipo de tricoma, bem como a ausência ou pequena quantidade de ninfas vivas, são explicadas pela ação dos acilaçúcares carreados por esse tipo de tricoma

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Gonçalves, Letícia de Almeida, Aristéa Alves Azevedo, and Wagner Campos Otoni. "Caracterização e ontogenia dos tricomas glandulares de Ocimum selloi Benth. - Lamiaceae." Acta Botanica Brasilica 24, no. 4 (December 2010): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062010000400005.

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Ocimum selloi Benth. (Lamiaceae) é uma espécie nativa da América do Sul e na medicina popular tem sido usada devido suas propriedades analgésica, anti-inflamatória e antiespasmódica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar os tipos de tricomas glandulares que ocorrem nos órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de O. selloi e determinar a ontogenia desses tricomas. Ramos laterais em início de formação, folhas totalmente expandidas, flores em diferentes estádios de diferenciação, amostras de caule e do eixo das inflorescências foram analisados em microscopias de luz e eletrônica de varredura. Tricomas glandulares do tipo peltado e capitado subséssil foram observados no caule, nas folhas, no eixo da inflorescência e na superfície adaxial das sépalas. Nas sépalas foi encontrado, além dos tricomas secretores peltados e capitados subsésseis, o tricoma glandular capitado pedunculado. A ontogenia inicia-se com a expansão de uma célula protodérmica que, de acordo com a seqüência de divisões periclinais e anticlinais (ora simétricas, ora assimétricas), dá origem aos tricomas. A diferenciação dos tricomas glandulares peltados e capitados não é sincrônica e ocorre muito cedo no desenvolvimento da folha, do caule e do eixo floral.

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Martins, Maria Bernadete Gonçalves. "Estudos de microscopia óptica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura em folhas de Mentha spicata e de Mentha spicata x suaveolens (Lamiaceae)." Bragantia 61, no. 3 (December 2002): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052002000300002.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo de anatomia foliar por meio de microscopia óptica e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura em Mentha spicata L. e Mentha spicata X suaveolens, caracterizando histologicamente a lâmina foliar. Secções transversais e paradérmicas da região mediana do limbo foliar mostraram a presença de epiderme unisseriada, coberta por uma fina camada de cutícula, apresentando tricomas glandulares do tipo capitado e peltado e não glandulares unisseriados multicelulares, não ramificados. O mesofilo de ambas as espécies é dorsiventral, com parênquima paliçádico uniestratificado, com células alongadas e rico em inclusões citoplasmáticas. O parênquima lacunoso é formado por três a quatro camadas de células irregulares. Os tricomas capitados presentes são classificados como do tipo I, e apresentam-se com uma célula basal, uma célula peduncular e uma grande célula apical, cujo formato varia de circular a piriforme. Os tricomas peltados consistem de uma célula basal, uma célula peduncular curta, larga e unicelular, com paredes externas cutinizadas e uma cabeça grande multicelular com 12 células secretoras, distribuídas radialmente em dois círculos concêntricos, o central com 4 células e o externo com 8 células, as quais acumulam o produto da secreção em uma cavidade entre a cutícula e as células secretoras; o pé do tricoma glandular está inserido em 11 células epidérmicas. Há predominância de tricomas capitados em relação aos tricomas peltados em ambas as espécies de Mentha.

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Aragão, Carlos Alberto, Bárbara França Dantas, and Flávio Rodrigo Gandolfi Benites. "Tricomas foliares em tomateiro com teores contrastantes do aleloquímico 2-tridecanona." Scientia Agricola 57, no. 4 (December 2000): 813–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162000000400035.

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Duas espécies de tomateiro, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Linhagem TOM 556- padrão com baixo teor da metil cetona 2-tridecanona (2-TD) e Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal var. glabratum Mill. (Linhagem PI 134417- padrão com elevado teor de 2-TD), foram analisadas em conjunto para identificação e quantificação de tricomas foliares. A parte experimental constou da identificação dos tricomas, baseado na presença ou ausência da cabeça secretora na extremidade apical dos tricomas, arranjo e número de células da cabeça, comprimento dos tricomas, e da quantificação do número de tricomas glandulares e não glandulares nos folíolos. O delineamento utilizado para o número de tricomas foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5%. A identificação e quantificação para as espécies foram: a) TOM 556: Tricomas não glandulares do tipo II + III + V (2590 cm-2 de área foliolar); glandular do tipo VI (16 cm-2); glandular do tipo VII (138 cm-2); b) PI 134417: não glandulares do tipo II + III + V (140 cm-2 de área foliolar); glandular do tipo I + IV (843 cm-2); glandular do tipo VI (83 cm-2); glandular do tipo VII (11 cm-2). As maiores concentrações da 2-TD nos folíolos, estão associadas às maiores densidades de tricomas glandulares presentes em ambas espécies.

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Gonçalves, Luciano Donizete, Wilson Roberto Maluf, Maria das Graças Cardoso, Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende, Evaristo Mauro de Castro, Nicolau Macedo Santos, Ildon Rodrigues do Nascimento, and Marcos Ventura Faria. "Relação entre zingibereno, tricomas foliares e repelência de tomateiros a Tetranychus evansi." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 41, no. 2 (February 2006): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2006000200011.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os teores de zingibereno em populações segregantes (F2) do segundo retrocruzamento para Lycopersicon esculentum a partir da espécie selvagem L. hirsutum var. hirsutum, e verificar a relação entre estes teores e a densidade de tricomas glandulares e a repelência a Tetranychus evansi. Na quantificação do zingibereno, utilizou-se um método espectrofotométrico; os tricomas foram contados a partir de cortes paradérmicos e a resistência a ácaros foi avaliada por um bioteste de repelência. A seleção indireta quanto ao teor de zingibereno promoveu aumentos correlacionados no número de tricomas glandulares e na repelência ao ácaro, e o zingibereno nos tricomas glandulares participou efetivamente na resistência aos ácaros. A densidade de tricomas glandulares influencia de maneira determinante os teores de zingibereno, sendo que o tricoma tipo VI destacou-se por apresentar alta correlação com este aleloquímico. Os teores de zingibereno e a sua relação com tricomas glandulares e com a resistência a artrópodos-pragas se mantiveram ao longo dos retrocruzamentos, evidenciando a possibilidade de obtenção de plantas resistentes via seleção indireta para alto teor de zingibereno nos folíolos.

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Rojas-Leal, Alicia, José Luis Villaseñor, and Teresa Terrazas. "Tricomas foliares en Senecio sección Mulgediifolii (Senecioneae, Asteraceae)." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 119 (April 3, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm119.2017.1232.

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Antecedentes y Objetivos: Se realizó un estudio del complemento de tricomas en las hojas de Senecio sección Mulgediifolii utilizando microscopía de luz y microscopía electrónica de barrido, con el propósito de determinar caracteres que faciliten la identificación de sus especies.Métodos: Se estudió el tercio medio de la lámina de hojas recolectadas en campo o tomadas de ejemplares de herbario. El material proveniente de herbario se hidrató en agua hirviendo y se aclaró con hidrato de cloral por varios días; el material recolectado en campo se fijó con FAA y posteriormente se conservó en alcohol etílico a 70%. Con ambos tipos de materiales se hicieron cortes transversales a mano alzada y se montaron en gelatina glicerinada. El material observado en el microscopio electrónico de barrido fue deshidratado, se llevó a punto crítico y se cubrió con polvo de oro.Resultados clave: Todas las especies de la sección presentan tricomas multicelulares uniseriados, los cuales pueden ser glandulares o no glandulares. Se identificaron seis tipos básicos de tricomas y dos subtipos, los cuales variaron de acuerdo con su posición en la lámina, con diferencias tanto en ornamentación como en depósitos de cera. Dos tipos de tricomas y una variante fueron distintivos de algunas especies; por ejemplo, la variante 2a1 es característica de Senecio jacalensis y está presente en ambas superficies foliares, el tricoma 3d se encuentra solamente en la vena media de la superficie abaxial de S. polypodioides y el tricoma 4a solamente se localiza en el margen foliar de S. roseus.Conclusiones: La combinación de caracteres, como los tipos de tricomas, su ornamentación y la presencia de cera, pueden ser útiles para diferenciar las especies de Senecio sección Mulgediifolii.

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Profice, Sheila Regina. "Espécies de Áphelandra R. Br. (Acanthaceae) no Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Morfologia foliar e das brácteas." Rodriguésia 42-44, no. 68-70 (1990): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860199019924244687006.

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Resumo O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a morfología das folhas e das brácteas de 10 espécies de Aphelandra R. Br. para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. Destaca-se a análise da nervação foliar, epiderme e tricomas. Na epiderme das brácteas são observados tricomas simples e glandular. Os tricomas glandulares podem ser de 2 tipos: subséssil com cabeça globular e pedicelado. É fornecida uma chave analítica para identificação das espécies. Estabelecido um novo sinônimo para Aphelandra neesiana Wassh. e assinalado, pela primeira vez, a ocorrência de Aphelandra ornata (Nees) T Anderson para o Rio de Janeiro.

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Pessoa, Luis Gustavo Amorim, Brígida Souza, César Freire Carvalho, and Marlene Gonçalves Silva. "Aspectos da biologia de Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em quatro cultivares dealgodoeiro, em laboratório." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 28, no. 6 (December 2004): 1235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542004000600003.

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Objetivou-se estudar alguns aspectos biológicos de Aphis gossypii Glover alimentado nas cultivares de algodoeiro Allen, IPEACO-SL 21-61131, JPM 781-88-3 e Auburn SM 310, em experimentos conduzidos a 25 ± 2ºC, 60 ± 10% UR e foto-fase de 12 horas, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Fêmeas adultas obtidas após a última ecdise foram individualizadas em discos foliares dessas cultivares durante 24 horas e das ninfas produzidas, uma foi escolhida ao acaso para condução do experimento. Avaliaram-se também a densidade e os tipos de tricomas em cada cultivar. A JPM 781-88-3 permitiu o melhor desenvolvimento do pulgão, com uma produção diária de 4,2 ± 0,1 ninfas/fêmea e um total de 69,2 ± 2,1. Na cultivar IPEACO-SL 2261131, ocorreram um prolongamento da fase ninfal e redução na fecundidade, com uma média diária de 3,0 ± 0,3 ninfas/fêmea e um total de 54,9 ± 2,2 ninfas/fêmea. A cultivar Auburn SM 310 afetou o ciclo biológico desse afídeo, reduzindo a sua duração em relação às demais cultivares. Com relação aos tipos de tricomas, foram identificadas estruturas não glandulares de formas estreladas e glandulares, com predominância do primeiro tipo. As maiores densidades de tricomas não glandulares foram observadas nas cultivares Allen e IPEACO-SL 21-61131, enquanto os glandulares ocorreram em maior número nas cultivares JPM 78188-3 e Allen. Na Auburn SM 310, não foi encontrado nenhum tipo de tricoma.

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Franco, Maria Júlia Camillo Silva, and Adriana Lenita Meyer Albiero. "Estruturas secretoras em folha e caule de Esenbeckia febrifuga (A.St.-Hil.) A. Juss. ex Mart. e Esenbeckia grandiflora Mart. (Rutaceae)." Hoehnea 45, no. 3 (September 2018): 468–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-75/2017.

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RESUMO As estruturas secretoras das rutáceas possuem grande importância, uma vez que existe interesse econômico nos precursores de fármacos geralmente armazenados e/ou produzidos por estas. Sendo assim, foi realizada a caracterização das estruturas secretoras do caule e da folha de Esenbeckia febrifuga e Esenbeckia grandiflora, enfatizando a ontogênese das cavidades e do tricoma peltado (em E. febrifuga). Foram observadas cavidades secretoras de óleo, tricomas glandulares e idioblastos com óleos, alcaloides e cristais de oxalato de cálcio. Esses distribuem-se aleatoriamente nos órgãos analisados,sendo mais abundantes nos órgãos jovens. Tricomas glandulares com cabeça secretora e simetria tetrâmera foram observados pela primeira vez em espécies de Rutaceae. As cavidades observadas possuem origem subepidérmica e desenvolvimento esquizolisígeno, assim como outras espécies da mesma subtribo. Foram registrados processos de secreção écrino, granulócrino e holócrino, comuns às estruturas secretoras, por meio da análise ultraestrutural das cavidades. Tais características são valorosas para futuros estudos taxonômicos do grupo.

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Feodorova, Tatiana A., and Oleg S. Alexandrov. "Comparative Studying of Leaf Trichomes, Teeth and Glands in Populus nigra L., Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall and Their Hybrids." Forests 11, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121267.

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Poplars from Aigeiros Duby section are very widespread in the world. A range of morphological characters were studied in such species of this section as Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall, P. nigra L. and their hybrid P. × canadensis Moench. However, there is little information about micromorphological characters of their leaves. The aim of this work was to study these characters and understand their species-specific potential. Thus, the morphological features, density and distribution of non-glandular trichoms, marginal glandular trichomes (salicoid teeth or coleters), epiglandular trichomes and basilaminar nectaries-glands were ontogenetically examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy in the certified by molecular markers P. deltoides, P. nigra and P. × canadensis samples. Non-glandular trichomes belong to the uni-, multicellular, uniseriate category. Marginal glandular trichomes can be classified as coleter types. Other morphological and anatomical trichome features are discussed with regard to their possible function. In summary, some variations in leaf morphology may be useful for the P. nigra, P. deltoides and their hybrid P. × canadensis species identification. These species differ in shape and number of basilaminar glands, as well as non-glandular trichome types and their distribution on the leaf.

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Camina, Julia L., José S. Dambolena, Julio A. Zygadlo, and Lorena Ashworth. "Composición química del aceite esencial de tricomas glandulares peltados en hojas y flores de Lepechinia floribunda (Lamiaceae)." Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 53, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v53.n3.21312.

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Composición química del aceite esencial de tricomas glandulares peltados en hojas y flores de Lepechinia floribunda (Lamiaceae). El conocimiento de la composición química del aceite esencial producido por distintos órganos en las plantas, brinda información para conocer las funciones de dichos compuestos. Los aceites esenciales son metabolitos secundarios producidos y almacenados en diferentes estructuras glandulares en hojas, flores y tallos. La composición química del aceite esencial difiere entre órgano de la planta y entre estructuras de secreción, incluso ubicadas en un mismo órgano. Tales diferencias podrían ser consecuencia del distinto tipo y densidad de estructuras glandulares en cada órgano. El aceite esencial del género Lepechinia ha sido escasamente estudiado, sin embargo su uso etnobotánico pone en evidencia propiedades medicinales y antisépticas. Hasta la fecha varios estudios han evaluado la composición química del aceite esencial en distintas partes de las plantas o de la misma estructura glandular en diferentes posiciones dentro de las mismas. Sin embargo, no se han encontrado estudios que evalúen la composición química del aceite esencial del mismo tipo de estructura glandular en hojas y verticilos florales fértiles. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la composición química del aceite esencial proveniente de tricomas glandulares peltados de anteras y hojas de Lepechinia floribunda (Lamiaceae). Se encontró menor riqueza de compuestos químicos y un incremento en la abundancia relativa de monoterpenos hidrogenados en el aceite esencial de anteras que en hojas, mientras que en hojas hubo mayor abundancia de sesquiterpenos oxigenados. Estos cambios en la composición química probablemente respondan a la alta especificidad tisular en la expresión de genes que existe para cada órgano.

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Leng, Lu, and Yin Gang Lu. "Analysis of Trichome Density and the Content of Glandular Secretion on Different Flue-Cured Tobacco Leaves." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.200.

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To clarify the relationship between the glandular density and the glandular trichome secretion content of different varieties of flue-cured tobacco,the trichome density of 5 kinds of flue-cured tobacco species was analyzed by electron microscope,and glandular secretion was analyzed by GC/MS.The results showed that:the trichome density of flue-cured tobacco is not proportional with the content of glandular secretions,and the morphology of glandular trichome were approximately same in five tobacco varieties.The content of cembrenoids are the highest in the glandular trichome secretion components of flue-cured tobacco,which is the main ingredient.Through regulating metabolism terpenoids to improve diterpene content is the key element to improve the content of tobacco glandular secretions.

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Bar, Maya, and Ilana Shtein. "Plant trichomes and the biomechanics of defense in various systems, with Solanaceae as a model." Botany 97, no. 12 (December 2019): 651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2019-0144.

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Plant trichomes are epidermal outgrowths of varying size and form. While the chemical defensive function of the secretory trichomes is well established, the biomechanical function of the non-glandular trichomes emerges as another major defensive strategy of plants. In particular, trichomes impede the locomotion of insect herbivores both by serving as a physical barrier and by wounding them. Solanaceous trichomes are often viewed as a model for the trichome development and defensive function. In particular, trichomes in tomato and relative species have been extensively examined, with different trichome types being precisely described. This review attempts to summarize the knowledge on trichomal defense and biomechanics, with a special emphasis on Solanaceae species, and suggests several avenues for future research.

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Kolawole, Opeyemi Saheed, Mahboob Adekilekun Jimoh, Fred Yakubu, and Emmanuel Chukwudi Chukwuma. "Taxonomic value of the leaf micro-morphology and quantitative phytochemistry of Jatropha integerrima Jacq. and Jatropha podagrica Hook. (Euphorbiaceae) – known horticultural plants in Nigeria." Anales de Biología, no. 39 (March 14, 2017): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.39.06.

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Se examinó la micromorfología y la fitoquímica cuantitativa de J. integerrima y J. podagrica para para identificar caracteres útiles para la delimitación taxonómica, siguiendo protocolos estandarizados, descritos por autores anteriores. Ambas especies son hipostómicas (paracíticas). Los tricomas (multicelulares, no glandulares) estaban presentes sólo en la superficie adaxial de J. integerrrima y ausentes en otras superficies epidérmicas. Los análisis fitoquímos también señalaron pequeñas diferencias en la cantidad de compuestos bioactivos presentes en ambas especies. El contenido de fenol es el mayoritario en ambas especies: 37.65% en J. integerrima y 36.13% en J. podagrica. Las semejanzas y diferencias de los caracteres epidérmico-foliares y contenidos fitoquímicos pueden ser empleadas para delimitar taxonomicamente ambas especies. The leaf micro-morphology and quantitative phytochemistry of J. integerrima and J. podagrica were examined to find useful characters for the delimitation of taxa, following standard protocols as described by previous authors. Both species are hypostomatic (paracytic). Trichome (multicellular, non-glandular) are only present on the adaxial surface of J. integerrima and absent in other epidermal surfaces. Phytochemical analysis also showed little differences in the amount of bioactive compounds present in both species. Phenol contents are the highest in the two species: 37.65% in J. integerrima and 36.13% in J. podagrica. The similarities and differences in the foliar epidermal characters and phytochemical content can be used to delimit the two studies species, as taxonomic characters.

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Brar, Husandeep Singh, and Ravinder Singh. "Role of trichomes on leaves and pods for imparting resistance in chickpea [Cicer arientinum (L.)] genotypes against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1509.

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In chickpea, trichomes provide a potential resistance mechanism against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The present study was conducted to evaluate the trichome density and trichome length on leaves and pods on nine genotypes of chickpea. Two types of trichomes were observed, i.e. non-glandular (on leaves) and glandular (pods). Few glandular trichomes were observed on leaves and a very few non-glandular trichomes were observed on pods. Highest number of non-glandular trichomes on leaves (33.66 trichomes/mm2) were observed in chickpea genotype 5282. Minimum number of glandular trichomes were observed on pods of genotype GL 25016 (12.66 glandular trichomes per mm2). In case of leaves, genotypes ICCL 86111 and GL 25016 recorded maximum non-glandular trichome length of 347.23 and 301.53 μm, respectively. However, genotypes GL 25016, RSG 963 and 5282 rec-orded maximum glandular trichome length of 538.33, 564.97 and 432.61 μm, respectively in pods. Density of non glandular trichomes on leaves showed significant and negative correlation with number of eggs, larval population, larval survival and per cent pod damage. However, density of glandular trichomes on pods showed significant and positive correlation with number of eggs , larval population of H. armigera, larval survival and pod damage. Length of non-glandular trichomes on leaves and glandular trichomes on pods showed non-significant and negative correlation with number of eggs, larval population of H. armigera, larval survival and pod damage. Hence, genotypes with more pubescent leaves, lesser pubescent pods and longer trichomes (both on leaves and pods) should be preferred for developing H. armigera tolerant chickpea genotypes.

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Thitz, P., B. J. H. M. Possen, E. Oksanen, L. Mehtätalo, V. Virjamo, and E. Vapaavuori. "Production of glandular trichomes responds to water stress and temperature in silver birch (Betula pendula) leaves." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 8 (August 2017): 1075–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0036.

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Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) allocates substantial resources to the production of glandular trichomes. If these trichomes can protect trees from temperature and water stress, their production would be expected to increase under these conditions. We studied how glandular trichome density and number in the leaves of two-year-old silver birch plantlets respond to single and combined treatments of elevated temperature (+1 °C) and three different levels of soil moisture (low, normal, and excess watering). Moreover, we quantified the seasonal variation in trichome density in mature long-shoot leaves of young, greenhouse-grown silver birches. Our results demonstrate clear differences between responses of glandular trichomes on different leaf surfaces. On the adaxial leaf surface, both drought and elevated temperature reduced the production of glandular trichomes. Interestingly, this response was absent in plants subjected to the combined treatment. Glandular trichome production on the abaxial leaf surface increased considerably in leaves produced during the growing season, reflecting a seasonal trend. Maintaining a strong seasonal increase in trichome production of abaxial surfaces even in low-water conditions suggests an important, though still unknown, role for abaxial glandular trichomes. In silver birch stems, those trichomes are strongly responsible for herbivore defense.

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SANTOS-SILVA, JULIANA, ANA MARIA GOULART DE AZEVEDO TOZZI, MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, NAZARETH GUEDES URQUIZA, and MATÍAS MORALES. "Evolution of trichome morphology in Mimosa (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae)." Phytotaxa 119, no. 1 (August 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.119.1.1.

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With more than 500 species, Mimosa L. is one of the largest genera of the Leguminosae. It exhibits considerable trichome diversity among species. Trichome types have been used as diagnostic characters, but some are not well known and have been poorly described in taxonomic works, causing some difficulties for species identification and description. The morphology of trichomes of 35 species was studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to define the types of trichomes precisely. An ancestral character state reconstruction using a densely-sampled phylogeny of the genus was performed in order to investigate the evolution of trichome types in Mimosa. Two basic types of trichomes can be distinguished: glandular and non-glandular. The glandular trichomes can be sessile or stalked. The non-glandular trichomes can be unbranched or branched. Unbranched trichomes are unicellular and conical or cylindrical, whereas branched trichomes are multicellular and verruciform, medusiform, plumose, barbellate, stellate, stellate-lepidote, or lepidote. Character optimization analysis suggests that glandular and branched trichomes are derived and evolved independently in different lineages within Mimosa. The ancestral condition in Mimosa was probably non-glandular and unbranched trichomes, which was retained from piptadenioid ancestors. Our study provides a first insight into the evolutionary history of trichome morphology in the genus. Despite high levels of homoplasy, trichome morphology offers a set of characters that can be used for differentiating species and species groups in combination with other characters.

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Oliveira, Virginia del Carmen, and Esther Margarida Bastos. "Aspectos morfo-anatômicos da folha de Baccharis dracunculifolia DC. (Asteraceae) visando a identificação da origem botânica da própolis." Acta Botanica Brasilica 12, no. 3 suppl 1 (1998): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061998000400012.

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Foi estudada a anatomia da folha, em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento, a partir do ápice caulinar, de B. dracunculifolia para caracterizar as estruturas secretoras e tricomas que podem ser utilizados como indicadores na determinação da origem botânica da própolis produzida por Apis mellifera. O material foi coletado no Município de Jaboticatubas, MG, onde estão instaladas colmeias experimentais. A espécie estudada apresenta primórdios foliares densamente recobertos por tricomas glandulares e tectores. Os tricomas glandulares são freqüentes em folhas jovens e raros em folhas adultas. A folha adulta é anfi-estomática. O mesofilo é composto por parênquima paliçádico, escasso parênquima lacunoso e canais secretores associados ao floema. Os fragmentos foliares, estômatos, tricomas glandulares e tricomas tectores encontrados em amostras de própolis são semelhantes aos observados em folhas de B. dracunculifolia.

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Conneely, Lee James, Ramil Mauleon, Jos Mieog, Bronwyn J. Barkla, and Tobias Kretzschmar. "Characterization of the Cannabis sativa glandular trichome proteome." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): e0242633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242633.

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Cannabis sativa has been cultivated since antiquity as a source of fibre, food and medicine. The recent resurgence of C. sativa as a cash crop is mainly driven by the medicinal and therapeutic properties of its resin, which contains compounds that interact with the human endocannabinoid system. Compared to other medicinal crops of similar value, however, little is known about the biology of C. sativa. Glandular trichomes are small hair-like projections made up of stalk and head tissue and are responsible for the production of the resin in C. sativa. Trichome productivity, as determined by C. sativa resin yield and composition, is only beginning to be understood at the molecular level. In this study the proteomes of glandular trichome stalks and heads, were investigated and compared to the proteome of the whole flower tissue, to help further elucidate C. sativa glandular trichome biochemistry. The data suggested that the floral tissue acts as a major source of carbon and energy to the glandular trichome head sink tissue, supplying sugars which drive secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The trichome stalk seems to play only a limited role in secondary metabolism and acts as both source and sink.

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Çali, Ilkay Öztürk, Arzu Cansaran, and Cengiz Yildirim. "Trichome morphology of Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 43, no. 1 (July 31, 2014): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19754.

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Morphology and localization of the trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Ajuga orientalis L. from Turkey were investigated. Peltate, capitate glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found on the stem, leaf, petiole, calyx and corolla surfaces of A. orientalis. Three sub-types of capitate glandular trichomes were found whereas two sub-types of non-glandular ones were stated on the several organs of A. orientalis. Glandular trichomes were mainly observed on calyx and corolla, but non-glandular ones were found on the stem, leaf surface and petiole. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1.19754 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(1): 91-95, 2014 (June)

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Chalvin, Camille, Stéphanie Drevensek, Michel Dron, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, and Adnane Boualem. "Genetic Control of Glandular Trichome Development." Trends in Plant Science 25, no. 5 (May 2020): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.025.

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Dyah Puspita Sari, Wina, Cicik Suriani, and Dina Handayani. "GLANDULAR TRICHOME IN THE ASTERACEAE FAMILY." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) 7, no. 2 (January 16, 2021): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v7i2.3333.

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The Asteraceae is a diverse plant species and widely distributed, especially in the tropics and subtropics, consisting of 1,600 - 1,700 genera which include 24,000 - 30,000 species. Asteraceae has characteristics of cup flowers and brackets that are not owned by other plants. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological structure of plants and escpecially the leaf glandular trichome in several species of Asteraceae. The research method used was a descriptive method, to describe and interpret the shape, structure and distribution of leaf trichome in the Asteraceae family. This study used eight species of the Asteraceae family, namely Elephantopus mollis, Bidens pilosa, Tithonia deversifolia, Tridax procumbens, Synedrella nodiflora, Eclipta prostrate, Sphagneticola trilobata and Ageratum conyzoides. The observation results of trichomes at 8 species by Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) was obtained varied forms of trichomes, both in shape and size. From the research, it was obtained that the forms of multicellular glandular trichome with various shapes, ranging in size from 50.6 µm - 831.9 µm.

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Gamarra, Daniel C., Vanda H. P. Bueno, Jair C. Moraes, and Alexander M. Auad. "Influência de tricomas glandulares de Solanum berthaultii na predação de Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus (Weise) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) em Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae)." Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 27, no. 1 (March 1998): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80591998000100008.

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Avaliou-se a influência dos tricomas glandulares da batata Solanum berthaultii no desenvolvimento larval, mortalidade e capacidade de predação de Scymnus (Pullus) argentinicus (Weise) sobre o pulgão Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Verificou-se que o desenvolvimento larval do predador foi interrompido pela alta mortalidade (89%) no 1° ínstar, provavelmente pela ação dos tricomas glandulares de S. berthaultii. Quando o predador foi liberado nos diferentes ínstares e adultos, observou-se mortalidade larval no 1°, 2° e 3° ínstares em S. berthaultii pela ação dos tricomas glandulares, sendo que o 4° ínstar e adulto não foram afetados. Em S. tuberosum não foi observada mortalidade do predador. A capacidade de predação de S. (Pullus) argentinicus foi significativamente superior na batata S. tuberosum em relação a S. berthaultii em todos os ínstares e adultos. A mortalidade de M. persicae foi superior em S. tuberosum (por predação) em relação aos valores observados em S. berthaultii (pela ação combinada do predador e tricomas glandulares).

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Chen, Gang, Peter G. L. Klinkhamer, and Rocío Escobar-Bravo. "Constitutive and Inducible Resistance to Thrips Do Not Correlate With Differences in Trichome Density or Enzymatic-Related Defenses in Chrysanthemum." Journal of Chemical Ecology 46, no. 11-12 (October 22, 2020): 1105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-020-01222-1.

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AbstractWestern flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is a serious insect pest of Chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. (Asteraceae)]. Here we have investigated whether genotypic variation in constitutive and inducible resistance to WFT correlates with phenotypic differences in leaf trichome density and the activity of the defense-related enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in chrysanthemum. Non-glandular and glandular leaf trichome densities significantly varied among ninety-five chrysanthemum cultivars. Additional analyses in a subset of these cultivars, differing in leaf trichome density, revealed significant variation in PPO activities and resistance to WFT as well. Constitutive levels of trichome densities and PPO activity, however, did not correlate with chrysanthemum resistance to WFT. Further tests showed that exogenous application of the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) increased non-glandular trichome densities, PPO activity and chrysanthemum resistance to WFT, and that these effects were cultivar dependent. In addition, no tradeoff between constitutive and inducible resistance to WFT was observed. JA-mediated induction of WFT resistance, however, did not correlate with changes in leaf trichome densities nor PPO activity levels. Taken together, our results suggest that chrysanthemum can display both high levels of constitutive and inducible resistance to WFT, and that leaf trichome density and PPO activity may not play a relevant role in chrysanthemum defenses against WFT.

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Scareli-Santos, Claudia, María L., Antonio González-Rodríguez, and Ken Oyama. "Micromorfología foliar del género Quercus (Fagaceae) en México." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 104 (July 1, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm104.2013.56.

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México es el principal centro de diversidad del género Quercus en el Hemisferio Occidental. A pesar de los avances recientes en el conocimiento de los encinos mexicanos, aún existe cierto grado de confusión taxonómica, particularmente dentro de algunos complejos de especies. En este estudio se utilizó microscopía electrónica de barrido para describir las estructuras micromorfológicas foliares (tricomas, ceras epicuticulares y estomas) de ambas superficies foliares (haz y envés) en representantes seleccionados de encinos mexicanos, con el objetivo de evaluar la utilidad taxonómica de estos caracteres. En total se examinaron 27 especies, pertenecientes a las secciones Quercus (encinos blancos) y Lobatae (encinos rojos y negros), incluyendo varios grupos de plantas cercanamente relacionadas con problemas de delimitación taxonómica, así como especies que presentan hibridación. Se encontraron varios tipos de tricomas, tanto los de tipo glandular (simples y bulbosos) como los no glandulares (solitarios, multirradiados, estrellados, estrellados fusionados y fasciculado estipitados). Las ceras epicuticulares se observaron en forma de capas, capas fisuradas, costras, gránulos, placas y placas en rosetas. Los estomas fueron elípticos y se encontraron elevados con respecto a la superficie foliar o al mismo nivel que ésta. Entre los tres tipos de estructuras examinadas, los tricomas fueron los más útiles para propósitos taxonómicos, seguidos por las ceras epicuticulares. Todas las especies tuvieron diferentes combinaciones de estados de carácter para estas estructuras micromorfológicas, lo que permitió la elaboración de claves para identificar a las especies dentro de los grupos problemáticos.

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Silva, Alex Antônio da, Marcela Carvalho Andrade, Regis de Castro Carvalho, Irã Pinheiro Neiva, Daniela Costa Santos, and Wilson Roberto Maluf. "Resistência à Helicoverpa armigera em genótipos de tomateiro obtidos do cruzamento de Solanum lycopersicum com Solanum galapagense." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 51, no. 7 (July 2016): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2016000700002.

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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a resistência à lagarta Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), em genótipos de tomateiro obtidos do cruzamento interespecífico de Solanum lycopersicum x S. galapagense, e a associação dessa resistência com a densidade de tricomas glandulares do tipo IV. Genótipos da população F2, derivada do cruzamento S. lycopersicum TOM-684 x S. galapagense LA-1401, selecionados quanto à baixa e à alta densidade de tricomas glandulares, respectivamente, foram submetidos a dois testes de resistência à lagarta H. armigera em laboratório, um de antibiose e outro de antixenose. Os genótipos da população F2, com alta densidade de tricomas glandulares do tipo IV (BPX-486-17, BPX-486-62, BPX-486-10, BPX-486-46 e BPX-486-08), apresentam maiores níveis de resistência, tanto por antibiose quanto por antixenose, do que os genótipos com baixa densidade de tricomas glandulares (BPX-486-313 e BPX-486-383) e do que as testemunhas 'Santa Clara' e TOM-684. Os níveis de resistência foram menores do que os do genitor silvestre LA-1401.

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Ekeke, Chimezie, and Ikechukwu Ozoemena Agbagwa. "Survey of Foliar Trichomes in Combretum Loelf. (Combretaceae) in Parts of West Africa." Journal of Plant Studies 6, no. 2 (March 10, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v6n2p9.

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We studied the foliar trichome types, density and distribution among the genus Combretum Loelf. in parts of West Africa. Fresh and herbarium specimens were used. These specimens were fixed, peeled, trichome types identified and micro-photographed using a Leica WILD MPS 52 microscope camera on a Leitz Diaplan microscope. Generally, two major trichome groups were identified among these species studied. These include glandular trichomes: multicellular gland head with uniseriate stalk (MGU), cylindrical uniseriate clavate trichome (CUCT), unicellular gland with unisariate stalk (UGHU), cylindrical uniseriate trichome (CUT), paltate gland head (PGH) and combretaceous eglandular (non-glandular) conical trichome (long and short types). The eglandular trichome types were the most widely distributed trichome found in the species and could be used to distinguish the genus. They occurred in all the species studied except C. glutinosum and C. micranthum. Among the glandular trichomes, cylindrical uniseriate trichome was the most dominant occurring in 11 species namely; C. aculeatum, C. bracteatum, C. collinum subsp. binderianum, C. collinum subsp. hypopilinum, C. constrictum, C. capitatum, C. hispidum, C. nigricans, C. panuculatum, C. platypterum and C. zenkeri. This is followed by multicellular gland head with uniseriate stalk (MGU) trichome type which occurred in 9 species (C. bracteatum, C. collinum subsp. binderianum, C. collinum subsp. hypopilinum, C. constrictum, C. excelsum, C. hispidum, C. mooreanum, C. platypterum and C. racemosum). The trichome density varied from 1.25±0.44 trichomes per 100 cells to 600 trichomes per 100 cells. The distribution/occurrence, density and type of these trichomes formed dependable character for delimitating Combretum species. The findings of this study showed that trichomes provide good taxonomic characters useful for in differentiating the genus Combretum in West Africa.

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Oliveira, Ariana Reis Messias Fernandes de, Lenaldo Muniz de Oliveira, Joseane Silva Carneiro, Tânia Regina dos Santos Silva, and Larissa Correa do Bonfim Costa. "LEAF ANATOMY AND ESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTION IN NATIVE SPECIES OF LIPPIA." BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE - Revista de Agricultura 93, no. 3 (January 2, 2019): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.37856/bja.v93i3.3238.

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This work aimed to perform a comparative study of leaf anatomy, trichome frequency and essential oil production of some Lippia native species of the semi-arid region of Bahia, Brazil. Leaf samples were analyzed with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to describe the structure and to quantify the trichome frequency. Six types of glandular trichomes were identified: uni, bi and tetracellular, as well as three types of tectorial trichomes. L. bromleyana presents an ornamented epidermis and no tectorial trichomes on the abaxial surface. L. thymoides has glandular trichomes with irregular contours on both leaf faces, with a higher frequency of tectorial trichomes on the adaxial surface and peltate glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface. L. insignis and L. lasiocalycina are anatomically similar, and present a higher tector trichome frequency on the abaxial surface compared to the others species. L. thymoides and L. insignis are distinguished by the essential oil production.

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rugosa, Rosa, Yasuyuki Hashidoko, Satoshi Tahara, and Junya Mizutani. "Six sesquiterpenoids from glandular trichome exudates of." Phytochemistry 35, no. 2 (January 1994): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)94757-5.

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II, James L. Smith, and J. Daniel Hare. "Spectral properties, gas exchange, and water potential of leaves of glandular and non-glandular trichome types in Datura wrightii (Solanaceae)." Functional Plant Biology 31, no. 3 (2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03178.

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Plant trichomes commonly serve a role in mechanical and chemical defence against herbivores, but may also have the potential to alter physiology by reducing the amount of light absorbed by leaves, lowering temperatures, and reducing water loss. Populations of Datura wrightii Regel in southern California produce 'sticky' plants with glandular trichomes and 'velvety' plants bearing non-glandular trichomes. Because stickiness is inherited as a dominant Mendelian trait, and the proportions of sticky plants vary among populations with the moisture availability of their environment, there may be some ecophysiological differences between trichome types that contribute to their ability to survive in a particular geographic location. To examine the possible physiological significance of trichome variation, we measured the spectral properties, midday gas-exchange rates, and water potentials of D. wrightii leaves from sticky and velvety plants growing in a field experiment. The differences in leaf reflectance (0.9%) and absorptance (1.3%) of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) between trichome types are too small to have any direct physiologically significant effect. Simulations of leaf temperatures based on the difference in leaf absorptances reveal that leaf temperature would be no more than 1°C lower in velvety compared to sticky plants. Gas-exchange measurements revealed no significant difference between types in their transpiration rates or stomatal conductances. In this case, trichome variation may be more important to plant defenses than to physiology.

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Prasifka, Jarrad R. "Variation in the number of capitate glandular trichomes in wild and cultivated sunflower germplasm and its potential for use in host plant resistance." Plant Genetic Resources 13, no. 1 (April 30, 2014): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000653.

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The capitate glandular trichomes of wild sunflowers (Helianthus spp.) are considered to be effective defence components that act against some herbivorous insects, but cultivated sunflowers are reportedly deficient in glandular trichomes. To investigate whether glandular trichomes have a role in the protection of cultivated sunflowers against insects, in the present study, Helianthus annuus L. accessions were grown to quantify glandular trichome density in wild and cultivated germplasm types and assess potential anti-insect effects of terpenoids in the glandular trichomes of cultivated sunflowers. Evaluation revealed that capitate glandular trichomes are often abundant in cultivated sunflowers; relative to wild H. annuus, inbred maintainer (HA) lines have similar numbers of glandular trichomes per floret, while commercial hybrids have only ≈ 20% fewer trichomes when compared with wild sunflowers. In the laboratory assay, it was found that glandular trichome extracts increased the mortality rates of sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst), larvae exposed from the neonatal stage to 9 d. In the surviving larvae, the extracts significantly reduced larval mass and head capsule width. Though there are limitations to the value of glandular trichomes for host plant resistance, the feeding deterrent or toxic effects of sesquiterpene lactones and diterpenes in sunflower glandular trichomes are not limited to sunflower moth larvae, suggesting a potential for resistance to other sunflower insect pests. Additional research is required to understand the inheritance and value of glandular trichomes in commercial sunflower germplasm and how the composition of terpenoids in the glandular trichomes of wild H. annuus may differ from that in cultivated material.

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Amrehn, Evelyn, and Otmar Spring. "Ultrastructural Alterations in Cells of Sunflower Linear Glandular Trichomes during Maturation." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081515.

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Sunflower and related taxa are known to possess a characteristic type of multicellular uniseriate trichome which produces sesquiterpenes and flavonoids of yet unknown function for this plant. Contrary to the metabolic profile, the cytological development and ultrastructural rearrangements during the biosynthetic activity of the trichome have not been studied in detail so far. Light, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the functional structure of different trichome cells and their subcellular compartmentation in the pre-secretory, secretory and post-secretory phase. It was shown that the trichome was composed of four cell types, forming the trichome basis with a basal and a stalk cell, a variable number (mostly from five to eight) of barrel-shaped glandular cells and the tip consisting of a dome-shaped apical cell. Metabolic activity started at the trichome tip sometimes accompanied by the formation of small subcuticular cavities at the apical cell. Subsequently, metabolic activity progressed downwards in the upper glandular cells. Cells involved in the secretory process showed disintegration of the subcellular compartments and lost vitality in parallel to deposition of fluorescent and brownish metabolites. The subcuticular cavities usually collapsed in the early secretory stage, whereas the colored depositions remained in cells of senescent hairs.

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Maluf, Wilson Roberto, Irene Fumi Inoue, Raphael de Paula Duarte Ferreira, Luiz Antonio Augusto Gomes, Evaristo Mauro de Castro, and Maria das Graças Cardoso. "Higher glandular trichome density in tomato leaflets and repellence to spider mites." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 42, no. 9 (September 2007): 1227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2007000900003.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of selection for higher glandular trichome densities, as an indirect criterion of selection for increasing repellence to spider mites Tetranychus urticae, in tomato populations derived from an interspecific cross between Lycopersicon esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Trichome densities were evaluated in 19 genotypes, including 12 from advanced backcross populations, derived from the original cross L. esculentum x L. hirsutum var. glabratum PI 134417. Counts were made both on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces, and trichomes were classified into glandular types IV and VI, other glandular types (types I+VII), and nonglandular types. Mite repellence was measured by distances walked by mites onto the tomato leaf surface after 20, 40 and 60 min. Spider mite repellence biotests indicated that higher densities of glandular trichomes (especially type VI) decreased the distances walked by the mites onto the tomato leaf surface. Selection of plants with higher densities of glandular trichomes can be an efficient criterion to obtain tomato genotypes with higher resistance (repellence) to spider mites.

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Freitas, Daiane M., Ademir Reis, Roseli L. Da Costa Bortoluzzi, and Marisa Santos. "Morphological and micromorphological characteristics of Desmodium fruits (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)." Revista de Biología Tropical 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i4.13012.

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El género Desmodium está representado en Santa Catarina, Brasil, por 13 especies, todas con frutos lomentaceos. Los lomentos han tenido variación en forma, tamaño y características del margen del istmo, y la superficie es glabra o cubierta por tricomas de diferentes tipos. La diversidad morfológica de los tricomas se vuelve particularmente relevante para la descripción taxonómica. Los tipos de tricomas presentes en la superficie de los frutos Desmodium, proporcionan datos para la identificación y clasificación de las especies en el Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Tres frutos de cada especie fueron recogidos y depositados en el Herbario (HBR y FLOR, Santa Catarina, Brasil). Algunas muestras fueron rehidratadas y examinadas usando microscopía de luz (LM), las secciones fueron expuestas a los siguientes reactivos histoquímicos: Sudan III para los aceites y Tionina para mucílago. Los aspectos estructurales de los tricomas se pueden clasificar en uni o multicelulares y pueden todavía ser simples, es decir, no glandular o glandular. Por medio del uso de la microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), cinco tipos de tricomas se han identificado y analizado entre las especies de Desmodium estudiadas: uncinado, uniseriado, globoso multicelular, globoso unicelular y subulado. Características como el margen del lomento y la forma del artículo, indumento glabrescente o piloso, tipo de tricomas con o sin células epidérmicas papilosas, y estrías epicuticulares mostraron valor de diagnóstico relevante. La clave de identificación fue desarrollada para especies de Desmodium del Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, basado en caracteres macro y micromorfológicos del fruto.

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Gilardón, Elsa, Mariana Pocovi, Carmen Hernández, Graciela Collavino, and Ana Olsen. "Papel da 2-tridecanona e dos tricomas glandulares tipo VI na resistência do tomateiro a Tuta absoluta." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 36, no. 7 (July 2001): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2001000700001.

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O metabólito secundário 2-tridecanona, secretado pelos tricomas glandulares tipo VI das folhas de tomateiro silvestre, Lycopersicon hirsutum L., confere-lhe resistência a uma grande variedade de insetos, inclusive a traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a concentração de 2- tridecanona, a densidade de tricomas glandulares tipo VI e o grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro na cultivar suscetível 'Uco Plata' (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), na linhagem resistente PI 134417 (L. hirsutum f. glabratum) e em suas progênies F1 e F2. Foram avaliadas ainda as possíveis associações entre a concentração de 2-tridecanona, a densidade de tricomas glandulares tipo VI e o grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro. O grau médio de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro em 'Uco Plata' foi significativamente superior ao obtido em PI 134417. Ainda que a concentração de 2-tridecanona tenha sido significativamente superior no parental resistente, a presença deste metabólito somente explicaria parcialmente a resistência (R² = 8,17%). Não se detectaram diferenças significativas na densidade de tricomas tipo VI entre o parental suscetível e o resistente. Este comportamento ocorreu independentemente do conteúdo de 2-tridecanona e do grau de infestação da traça-do-tomateiro.

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Murray, Renee G., and James E. Simon. "CHANGES IN THE ESSENTIAL OILS AND TRICHOME DENSITY OF OCIMUM BASILICUM L." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1165e—1165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1165e.

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Essential oil content of Ocimum basilicum, cv. sweet basil, increases with plant maturity. The increase in essential oil content may correspond to the formation of glandular trichomes during leaf expansion. Greenhouse grown plants were harvested every 2 weeks. Leaves were grouped according to size, examined with a stereo microscope, and trichome densities compared. Results indicate that trichome formation continues throughout leaf expansion. In young basil plants, leaves ranged in size from 2-30cm2 Highest density (416 trichomes/cm2) occurred in leaves 2–6c m2. Prior to open bloom, leaves ranged in size from 2-49cm2. Highest density occurred in leaves 18-24c m2. In flowering plants leaves ranged in size from 2-34cm2, yet there was NSD in trichome density in leaves of different sizes. Analysis of the entire leaf surface of plants at each harvest showed the greatest density of trichomes in plants at full bloom (280 trichomes/c m2). All leaves have visible glandular trichomes. These glandular trichomes are most likely formed both prior to and during leaf expansion.

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Gillott, M. A., and J. Masiunas. "An SEM study of the structure and classification of the leaf trichomes in the genus Lycopersicon (tomato)." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100085393.

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Species of the genus Lycopersicon characteristically possess pubescent leaves; seven types of trichomes were described in 1943, based on light microscopic observations. Recently, there has been renewed interest in trichomes since the presence and density of certain types of trichomes has been related to insect resistance in some species and/or varieties of tomato.Trichomes can be divided into two functional categories, depending on whether the tips are pointed or glandular. Within each of these categories, trichome types have been further differentiated according to the length and number of cells in the stalk and the complexity of the basal structure. Three non-glandular and four glandular types have been described in Lycopersicon. Our SEM observations of tomato leaf surfaces suggest that there may be a need to re-evaluate Luckwill's classification of trichome types.

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Tozin, Luiz Ricardo dos Santos, Shelly Favorito Carvalho, Silvia Rodrigues Machado, and Tatiane Maria Rodrigues. "Glandular trichome diversity on leaves ofLippia origanoidesandLippia stachyoides(Verbenaceae): morphology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure." Botany 93, no. 5 (May 2015): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2014-0251.

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Despite the ecological and medicinal importance of glandular trichomes in Verbenaceae, information on their structure, mainly at the subcellular level, is sparse. We analyzed the morphology and histochemistry of glandular trichomes in Lippia origanoides Kunth and Lippia stachyoides Cham., using conventional methods in anatomy, histochemistry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and ultracytochemical techniques. Five morphotypes (I–V) of glandular trichomes were identified in L. origanoides, and four morphotypes (I, III–V) in L. stachyoides. Morphotype I is the most abundant in both species. Lipids were detected in all morphotypes except IV; terpenes in I, II, and V; phenolic compounds in all morphotypes except V; neutral polysaccharides and protein in all morphotypes; mucilage exclusively in IV; alkaloids only in III. Each glandular morphotype showed ultrastructural peculiarities compatible with the chemical compounds produced. An association between glandular morphotype, secretion composition, and ultrastructural features in Lippia species was revealed, suggesting functions specific to each glandular morphotype.

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Alvarez, A. S., L. C. Santos, M. G. B. Zoghbi, and R. J. F. Silva. "Avaliação das estruturas secretoras de Ocimum gratissimum var. macrophyllum Briq. (Lamiaceae) após extração dos constituintes voláteis." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 15, no. 2 (2013): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722013000200011.

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O impacto provocado nas estruturas secretoras de folhas adultas de Ocimum gratissimum var. macrophyllum após extração dos componentes voláteis utilizando-se diferentes métodos de extração foi investigado através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Secções transversais do ápice, da nervura central, e da margem mostraram superfície com cutícula estriada, estômatos diacíticos, tricomas tectores simples, filiformes, e glandulares peltados. Os peltados, com estrutura envolta por uma cutícula contendo o exsudado celular, variaram de 60 a 80µm de diâmetro sendo formados por uma porção apical multicelular com disposição radial formada por dois círculos concêntricos com 9 a 16 células. Na região central do ápice do tricoma peltado se identificou a presença de 4 células em forma de vértice dispostas sobre o pedúnculo, sendo esta a região mais externa formada por número variável de células. Os componentes voláteis das folhas adultas foram extraídos por hidrodestilação (HD), destilação-extração simultânea (DES), e solvente (SO). Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que o maior impacto nas estruturas secretoras ocorreu após extração por hidrodestilação quando comparado aos outros métodos utilizados. A porcentagem dos principais constituintes químicos, timol e γ-terpineno variaram de acordo com o método de extração: timol (HD = 25,4%, SO = 18,2%, DES = 54,8%) e γ-terpineno (HD = 38,2%, SO = ausente, DES = 13,7%).

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Khederi, Saeid Javadi, Mohammad Khanjani, Mohammad Ahmad Hosseini, Germano Leão Demolin Leite, and Moein Jafari. "ROLE OF DIFFERENT TRICHOME STYLE IN THE RESISTANCE OF LYCOPERSICON HIRSUTUM GENOTYPES TO TUTA ABSOLUTA (MEYRICK) (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIIDAE) ." Ecologica Montenegrina 1, no. 1 (October 9, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2014.1.8.

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The tomato leaf miner (TLM), Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the major pests that attacks commercial tomato. TLM is becoming resistant to many of the pesticides used in the tomato fields. A potential alternative method of control is host plant resistance, which may be mediated by glandular trichomes. We studied glandular and non-glandular trichomes potentially related to tomato resistance of nine tomato genotypes (Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb & Bonpl), extensively cultivated in western Iran. The antixenosis and/or antibiosis effect of the genotypes Mobil, Falat 3, Cal J N3, Dehghan, Super Strain B, Río Grande, King Ston, Early Urbana and Peto Mech were evaluated under greenhouse conditions (25 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% R.H., photoperiod of L16: D8 h). TLM elicited the lowest egg-laying response on Peto Mech, Río Grande and King Ston; and the highest one on Dehghan. King Ston and Mobil allowed the lowest and highest larvae density on the leaves, respectively. The highest preference was observed on Mobil and the lowest one on Río Grande and King Ston. Moreover, trichome type and density of the assayed genotypes appeared to be related to TLM population density: the most infested genotype (Mobil and Cal J N3) displayed the lowest IV and VI trichome style ranks of leaf blade, vein and domatia (glandular trichomes). Significant negative relations were found between egg and larvae density with leaf I style trichome; and also larvae and adult density with IV and V style trichome. Finally, this preliminary study screened two genotypes (Río Grande and King Ston) quite promising for developing resistance programs in western Iran against TLM.

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Clair-Maczulajtys, D., and G. Bory. "Lipids from the glandular trichome of ailanthus altissima." Phytochemistry 24, no. 7 (January 1985): 1599–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)81073-0.

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Tirillini, Bruno, Antonio Ricci, and Roberto Pellegrino. "Secretion Constituents of Leaf Glandular Trichome ofSalvia officinalisL." Journal of Essential Oil Research 11, no. 5 (September 1999): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701215.

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Gilardón, Elsa, Mariana Pocovi, Carmen Hernández, and Ana Olsen. "Papel dos tricomas glandulares da folha do tomateiro na oviposição de Tuta absoluta." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 36, no. 3 (March 2001): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2001000300025.

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Os tricomas glandulares presentes nas folhas e ramos das plantas do gênero Lycopersicon são responsáveis pela secreção de metabólitos de diferentes naturezas. A presença de alguns desses compostos tem sido associada à resistência do tomate a diferentes insetos. A traça-do-tomateiro, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), é uma das pragas mais nocivas da América do Sul. O adulto oviposita sobre as folhas do tomate e suas larvas abrem galerias no mesófilo das folhas, ramos, flores e frutos. As espécies silvestres do tomate conservam a capacidade de biossintetizar compostos químicos que lhes conferem resistência a esta praga. No presente trabalho, foi avaliada a preferência para oviposição desse inseto sobre folhas com e sem tricomas glandulares de L. esculentum (Mill.) cv. Uco Plata, suscetível, e de L. hirsutum f. glabratum (Mull.) PI 134417, espécie silvestre afim ao tomate, e resistente à traça. Os resultados sugerem que as fêmeas ovipositam indistintamente sobre as folhas de ambas espécies, independentemente da presença, ou não, dos tricomas glandulares. E a presença destes e de seus exsudatos não têm efeito inibidor na oviposição do inseto.

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Dere, Saban, and Tulay Aytas Akcin. "Anatomical and micromorphological properties of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications." Acta Botanica Croatica 76, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2017-0005.

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AbstractIn this study, the anatomy and trichome micromorphology ofTanacetum macrophyllum(Waldst.& Kit.) Schultz,T. parthenium(L.) Schultz,T. poteriifolium(Ledeb.) Grierson andT. vulgareL. were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Some anatomical characters such as presence of secretory cavities and pith in root and mesophyll type in leaf provide information of taxonomical significance. In addition, the existence of a parenchymatic layer, which consists of elongated parenchymatic cells in the stem ofT. macrophyllum,is a distinguishing character. The results obtained from scanning electron microscope studies showed that trichome micromorphology varies among examined taxa. InT. macrophyllum, the eglandular and glandular trichomes especially on disc florets, ligulate florets and cypselas are more sparse, whereas disc florets and cypselas of the other taxa are covered with abundant glandular trichomes. Additionally,T. poteriifoliumandT. partheniumhas a distinct distribution of glandular trichomes forming in a row across the entire cypsela surface.

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Noraini, T., A. J. Amirul-Aiman, A. R. Ruzi, H. Bunawan, and S. F. Nurdiana. "Adaptation and taxonomic value of leaf anatomical characteristics of selected Ipomoea L. species." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 3(SI) (May 31, 2021): 872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/3(si)/jeb-20.

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Aim: To investigate the taxonomic value of leaf anatomical characteristics and to determine the anatomical features that enabled the species to adapt to different environmental conditions. Methodology: Three methods were applied for leaf anatomy observation: sectioning using a sliding microtome, leaf clearing and epidermal peels. Results: The findings showed some common anatomical characteristics shared in all species studied, such as incomplete leaf venation, the presence of trichome and schlerenchyma cells, and the presence of mucilaginous idioblast cells in the petiole and midrib. Straight-to-sinuous anticlinal cell walls, amphistomatic leaves, and three types of stomata: parasitic, anomocytic and staurocytic were on the abaxial side of leaf lamina in this study. Peltate and capitate glandular trichome, as well as simple trichome, were all present in the petiole, midrib and lamina. However, peltate glandular trichome were only found in the root of I. triloba. Druses were observed in all species, except I. batatas. Interpretation: Leaf anatomical characteristics possess taxonomic value, especially in species differentiation and identification, that can be subsequently useful in explaining plant's adaptation to their environment.

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Toscano, Luciana C., Arlindo L. Boiça Júnior, Jaime Maia Santos, and João B. S. A. Almeida. "Tipos de tricomas em genótipos de Lycopersicon." Horticultura Brasileira 19, no. 3 (November 2001): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362001000300009.

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Foram identificados os tipos de tricomas em alguns genótipos de Lycopersicon, utilizando microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Foram utilizados os genótipos L. hirsutum (PI 127826 e PI 127827), L. hirsutum var. glabratum (PI 134417), L. pennellii (LA 716) e L. esculentum (híbrido Bruna VFN e Santa Clara). Os tricomas glandulares encontrados foram tipo IV em LA 716, PI 127826, PI 127827 e PI 134417; tipo VIc em PI 127826, PI 127827, PI 134417 e Santa Clara; tipo VII em PI 127826, PI 127827 e PI 134417; tipo I em PI 127826, PI 127827, PI 134417, híbrido Bruna VFN e Santa Clara; tipo VIa em híbrido Bruna VFN. Os tricomas não glandulares observados foram: tipo Va em PI 127826, PI 127827, PI 134417, híbrido Bruna VFN e Santa Clara; VIII em híbrido Bruna VNF e os tipos III e Vb em Santa Clara.

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Xu, Jiesen, Zeger O. van Herwijnen, Dörthe B. Dräger, Chun Sui, Michel A. Haring, and Robert C. Schuurink. "SlMYC1 Regulates Type VI Glandular Trichome Formation and Terpene Biosynthesis in Tomato Glandular Cells." Plant Cell 30, no. 12 (December 2018): 2988–3005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.18.00571.

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Gomes, Paula Alessandra, Manoel Ferreira de Souza, Ismail Teodoro de Souza Junior, Wellington Geraldo Oliveira Carvalho Junior, Lourdes Silva de Figueiredo, and Ernane Ronie Martins. "Influência do sombreamento na produção de biomassa, óleo essencial e quantidade de tricomas glandulares em cidrão (Lippia citriodora Lam.)." Biotemas 22, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n4p9.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n4p9O objetivo do estudo foi verificar o efeito do sombreamento na produção de óleo essencial, biomassa e quantidade de tricomas glandulares em cidrão (Lippia citriodora Lam.) no Norte de Minas Gerais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro níveis de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (RFA) utilizando telas tipo sombrite que permitem a passagem de 25, 50, 70% de luz e a pleno sol (controle). Foram determinadas as variáveis: matéria seca da raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea, número de flores, matéria seca total, relação raiz/parte aérea, produção de óleo, teor de óleo essencial e quantidade de tricomas glandulares. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para massa seca da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, número de flores, matéria seca total, razão raiz/parte aérea, produção de óleo e quantidade de tricomas, todavia o mesmo não ocorreu para o teor de óleo. Os resultados evidenciaram que a pleno sol houve uma maior produção de biomassa que nos demais tratamentos e no sombreamento de 70% o número de tricomas foi maior. O teor de óleo não sofreu nenhuma alteração em relação aos tratamentos.

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Weryszko-Chmielewska, Elżbieta, and Marta Dmitruk. "Morphological differentiation and distribution of non-glandular and glandular trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shoots." Acta Agrobotanica 63, no. 1 (2012): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2010.002.

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The structure, micromorphology and distribution of trichomes on Dracocephalum moldavicum L. shots were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There were distinguished 3 types of non-glandular trichomes, 3 types of glandular trichomes and papillae of the osmophore in the epidermis of the corolla. The highest density of non-glandular and glandular trichomes was found on the abaxial surface of the calyx, on bracts and in the upper part of the stem. Structural variations in the head and stalk of long glandular trichomes were demonstrated. The dimensions of particular types of trichomes are given in the present paper. Differences in the structure of the trichomes of this species are presented, compared to literature data. The micromorphology of particular trichome types is documented in numerous photographs showing the rich ornamentation of the cuticle of non-glandular trichomes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tricoma glandular'

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