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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trigeminal nucleus

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Academic literature on the topic 'Trigeminal nucleus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trigeminal nucleus"

1

Xue, Hao Gang, Xiao Dong Gai, Chun Li, Wei Qi Sun, and Xin He. "Trigeminocerebellar Projection in the Carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 140 (November 2011): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.248.

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Tract-tracing methods were used in our research to observe the fibrae connection between cyprinoid nucleus sensorius nervi trigemini and cyprinoid cerebellum. After biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into cyprinoid principal nucleus sensorius nervi trigemini, the direct motioned extremity sensorius nervi fibers of trigeminal nerves was observed exist in hibateral cerebellum nucleus lateralis valvulae, principally distributed in the contralateral hibateral cerebellum nucleus lateralis valvulae. No extremity sensorius nervi fibers of trigeminal nerves was marked. If BDA was injected into regressed motioned extremity sensorius nervi fibers of trigeminal nerves of cyprinoid hibateral principal nucleus sensorius nervi trigemini and trigeminal nerves descended nucleus, most of them were observed in opposite side. The direct motioned marked extremity sensorius nervi fibers were observed in cerebellum and valvula cerebelli. Most of the cerebellum label neurons injected by BDA existed in tautomeral nucleus lateralis valvulae, only a few of them were in opposite side. The results of our research proved that centrifugal fibers of cyprinoid nucleus sensorius nervi trigemini project indirectly onto cerebellum through nucleus lateralis valvulae .

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Hensley, Kelly, Jim Pretorius, Brian Chan, Keith Page, Hantao Liu, Chang Choi, Di Shi, Cen Xu, Lars Edvinsson, and Silke Miller. "PAC1 receptor mRNA and protein distribution in rat and human trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia, spinal trigeminal nucleus and in dura mater." Cephalalgia 39, no. 7 (December 24, 2018): 827–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102418821621.

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Background To further understand the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (PAC1) receptors in headache disorders, we mapped their expression in tissues of the trigemino-autonomic system by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Methods To optimize screening for monoclonal antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cells overexpressing human PAC1 receptors. 169G4.1 was selected from these studies for analysis of rat and human tissues and chimerized onto a mouse backbone to avoid human-on-human cross-reactivity. Immunoreactivity was compared to PAC1 receptor mRNA by in situ hybridization in both species. Results 169G4.1 immunoreactivity delineated neuronal cell bodies in the sphenopalatine ganglion in both rat and human, whereas no staining was detected in the trigeminal ganglion. The spinal trigeminal nucleus in both species showed immunoreactivity as especially strong in the upper laminae with both cell bodies and neuropil being labelled. No immunoreactivity was seen in either rat or human dura mater vessels. In situ hybridization in both species revealed mRNA in sphenopalatine ganglion neurons and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, a weak signal in the trigeminal nucleus and no signal in dural vessels. Conclusion Taken together, these data support a role for PAC1 receptors in the trigemino-autonomic system as it relates to headache pathophysiology.

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Xue, Hao Gang, Xiao Dong Gai, Xin He, and Chun Ying Yang. "Central Distributions of Primary Sensory Trigeminal Fibers in the Carp (Cyprinus carpio)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 140 (November 2011): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.140.105.

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Teleostean trigeminal nerve somatosensory fibers consists of maxillar, ophthalmic, and mandibular branches. Nevertheless, it is still unclear about the central distribution of the trigeminal nerves. The projections of primary sensory trigeminal nerves were tested by the method of tract-tracing in the carp (Cyprinus carpio). Tracer was injected into trigeminal nerves’ root marked terminals in the tautomeral principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, medial funicular nucleus, descending trigeminal nucleus, medial part of posterior lateral valvular nucleus and facial lobe. The study revealed that the primary trigeminal sensory projection patterns of a cyprinid teleost, the carp are similar to those of other vertebrates such as mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians. The results of our research also suggested that the presence of an organizational plan was common to vertebrates .

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Arbab, M. A. R., T. Delgado, L. Wiklund, and N. Aa Svendgaard. "Brain Stem Terminations of the Trigeminal and Upper Spinal Ganglia Innervation of the Cerebrovascular System: WGA-HRP Transganglionic Study." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 1 (February 1988): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.8.

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The central projections of the nerve fibers innervating the middle cerebral and basilar arteries were investigated by transganglionic tracing of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) in the rat. WGA-HRP was applied to the exposed basilar and/or middle cerebral arteries. Sections of the brain, trigeminal and upper spinal ganglia were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine for detection of the tracer. The results demonstrate that trigeminal neurons that innervate the middle cerebral artery project to the trigeminal main sensory nucleus, pars oralis, and the dorsocaudal two-fifths of pars interpolaris of the trigeminal brain stem nuclear complex. Terminals were also visible in the ipsilateral nucleus motorius dorsalis nervi vagi (dmnX) and in the lateral nucleus tractus solitarius (nTs) bilaterally at the level of the obex. The ventral periaqueductal gray, including the dorsal raphe and C2 dorsal horn, were also innervated by nerve fibers from the middle cerebral artery. Ipsilateral trigeminal rhizotomy prior to WGA-HRP application over the middle cerebral artery impeded the visualization of nerve terminations throughout the brain stem. Pretreatment with capsaicin reduced the density of labeled neurons and terminals within the trigeminal ganglion and the brain stem, respectively, following WGA-HRP application over the middle cerebral artery. Basilar artery fibers terminate in the C2 dorsal horn, the cuneate nuclei, dmnX, and nTs bilaterally. A few projections were also labeled in the ventral periaqueductal gray. Unilateral upper two spinal dorsal rhizotomy prior to WGA-HRP application over the exposed basilar artery resulted in terminal labeling within the C2 dorsal horn, the cuneate nucleus, dmnX, and nTs contralateral to the rhizotomy, whereas the ipsilateral side was devoid of any labeling. Bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy prior to WGA-HRP administration to the middle cerebral and basilar arteries did not alter the visualization of nerve terminations throughout the brain stem.

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Borsani, Elisa, Andrea Ballini, Barbara Buffoli, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Marina Di Domenico, Mariarosaria Boccellino, Salvatore Scacco, et al. "Peripheral Purinergic Modulation in Pediatric Orofacial Inflammatory Pain Affects Brainstem Nitroxidergic System: A Translational Research." BioMed Research International 2022 (March 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1326885.

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Physiology of orofacial pain pathways embraces primary afferent neurons, pathologic changes in the trigeminal ganglion, brainstem nociceptive neurons, and higher brain function regulating orofacial nociception. The goal of this study was to investigate the nitroxidergic system alteration at brainstem level (spinal trigeminal nucleus), and the role of peripheral P2 purinergic receptors in an experimental mouse model of pediatric inflammatory orofacial pain, to increase knowledge and supply information concerning orofacial pain in children and adolescents, like pediatric dentists and pathologists, as well as oro-maxillo-facial surgeons, may be asked to participate in the treatment of these patients. The experimental animals were treated subcutaneously in the perioral region with pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2 ′ ,4 ′ -disulphonic acid (PPADS), a P2 receptor antagonist, 30 minutes before formalin injection. The pain-related behavior and the nitroxidergic system alterations in the spinal trigeminal nucleus using immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis have been evaluated. The local administration of PPADS decreased the face-rubbing activity and the expression of both neuronal and inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These results underline a relationship between orofacial inflammatory pain and nitroxidergic system in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and suggest a role of peripheral P2 receptors in trigeminal pain transmission influencing NO production at central level. In this way, orofacial pain physiology should be elucidated and applied to clinical practice in the future.

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Chang, Jin Woo, Jae Young Choi, Young Sul Yoon, Yong Gou Park, and Sang Sup Chung. "Unusual causes of trigeminal neuralgia treated by gamma knife radiosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 97 (December 2002): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2002.97.supplement_5.0533.

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✓ The purpose of this paper was to present two cases of secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with an unusual origin and lesion location. In two cases TN was caused by lesions along the course of the trigeminal nerve within the pons and adjacent to the fourth ventricle. Both cases presented with typical TN. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed linear or wedge-shaped lesions adjacent to the fourth ventricle, extending anterolaterally and lying along the pathway of the intraaxial trigeminal fibers. The involvement of the nucleus of the spinal trigeminal tract and of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus with segmental demyelination are suggested as possible causes for trigeminal pain in these cases. It is postulated that these lesions are the result of an old viral neuritis. The patients underwent gamma knife radiosurgery and their clinical responses have been encouraging to date.

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Larkin, M. Benjamin, Robert Y. North, and Ashwin Viswanathan. "Percutaneous Computed Tomography-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Spinal Trigeminal Tract and Nucleus Caudalis for Refractory Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain: 2-Dimensional Operative Video." Operative Neurosurgery 19, no. 5 (July 10, 2020): E530—E531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opaa188.

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Abstract This is a surgical video of a computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus caudalis for refractory trigeminal neuropathic pain.1,2 Many have contributed historically, among them, Sjoqvist3 in 1938 first described destruction of the descending medullary trigeminal tractus via open craniotomy.3-6 In 1967 and 1968, Crue7 and Hitchcock8 independently developed a percutaneous tractotomy technique. Although Kanpolat9,10 first described the use of CT imaging for percutaneous creation of a single tractotomy/nucleotomy lesion resulting in satisfactory pain relief for 85% of patients. The spinal trigeminal tract is a descending fiber pathway containing central processes of first-order afferent neurons from cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X. The spinal trigeminal nucleus is the terminal projection of the spinal trigeminal tract comprised of 3 subnuclei: oralis, interpolaris, and caudalis. The nucleus caudalis is the most caudal of the 3 subdivisions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus and houses the cell bodies of second-order afferent neurons critical in nociception of the face. Lesioning of the spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus caudalis can provide pain relief without affecting facial sensation or trigeminal motor function.9,11-13 Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation is performed using anatomical landmarks, serial CT scans, impedance monitoring, and functional confirmation to ensure appropriate insertion of the probe to the target of interest prior to lesioning. This procedure remains uncommon in current practices even among functional neurosurgery pain specialists but offers a low-risk, minimally invasive treatment option for refractory facial pain.14 This procedure was done under Institutional Review Board guidance (H-41228: retrospective chart review of patients undergoing spine surgery for pain). The risks and benefits were explained, and the patient consented to videography/procedure. Images in the video used with permission from the following: Carter HV. Anatomy of the Human Body. Wikimedia Commons [Public Domain]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray698.png. Published 1918. Accessed June 30, 2019; Carter HV. Anatomy of the Human Body. Wikimedia Commons [Public Domain]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gray784.png. Published 1918. Accessed June 30, 2019; Reprinted from Kanpolat Y, Kahilogullari G, Ugur HC, Elhan AH, CT-guided percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy-nucleotomy, Neurosurgery, 2008, 63(1 Suppl 1), ONS147-53; discussion ONS153-5, by permission of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Madhero88. Onion Distribution of Pain and Temperature Sense by Trigeminal Nerve. Wikimedia Commons [Creative Commons BY 3.0 license]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Onionskinddistribution.svg#/media/File:Onionskinddistribution.svg. Accessed June 30, 2019.

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8

Furuta, Takahiro, Elena Timofeeva, Keiko Okamoto-Furuta, Martin Deschenes, Kouichi Nakamura, and Takeshi Kaneko. "Inhibitory input from the interpolar nucleus of the spinal trigeminal complex to the principal trigeminal nucleus." Neuroscience Research 58 (January 2007): S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2007.06.661.

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9

Young, Ronald F., and Kent M. Perryman. "Neuronal responses in rostral trigeminal brain-stem nuclei of macaque monkeys after chronic trigeminal tractotomy." Journal of Neurosurgery 65, no. 4 (October 1986): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0508.

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✓ Unilateral trigeminal tractotomy was carried out at the level of the obex, just rostral to the subnucleus caudalis, in five young adult Macaca fascicularis monkeys. The animals had been trained previously to perform a behavioral shock avoidance task in response to electrical stimulation of dental pulp and facial skin. Tractotomy produced an elevation in the stimulus strength which elicited escape behavior when facial skin was stimulated but not when the tooth pulp was stimulated. Unit activity, evoked by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp and facial skin as well as innocuous and noxious mechanical stimulation of orofacial regions, was recorded from neurons in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus and the subnuclei oralis and interpolaris of the spinal nucleus 8 to 12 weeks after tractotomy. Primary afferent input to these nuclei is unaffected by the tractotomy which is located more caudally. The tractotomy interrupts primary afferent input into the trigeminal nucleus caudalis and also intranuclear connections between caudalis and the more rostral nuclei. Forty-one units contralateral and 47 ipsilateral to the tractotomy were studied. Thirty-six of the units responded only to low-threshold mechanical or electrical stimulation of orofacial zones, 46 were responsive to innocuous mechanical and electrical stimulation of orofacial zones and also to electrical stimulation of the dental pulp. Six units responded only to dental pulp stimulation. No statistically significant differences between the populations of neurons ipsilateral and contralateral to the tractotomies were found relating to the size or location of the peripheral receptive fields, latencies, thresholds, mean firing densities, or responsiveness to the various forms of stimulation. The behavioral results suggest that trigeminal relay neurons rostral to the obex are able to signal dental pain sensation, and the physiological studies confirm that the firing of such neurons is unaffected by tractotomy. The physiological studies demonstrate that the firing patterns of relay neurons activated by natural and electrical cutaneous facial stimuli and which are located in trigeminal brain-stem nuclei rostral to the obex are also not affected by tractotomy. The cutaneous facial analgesia observed after tractotomy thus appears to be due to deafferentation of relay neurons in trigeminal nucleus caudalis rather than to alterations in coding patterns in rostrally located trigeminal neurons due to interruption of the intratrigeminal pathway between the caudal and rostral nuclear groups.

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Ramadan, Nabih M. "The Link Between Glutamate and Migraine." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 6 (June 2003): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018757.

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ABSTRACTMigraine pain-relay centers, including the trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and thalamus, contain glutamate-positive neurons, and glutamate activates the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Glutamate is implicated in cortical spreading depression, trigeminovascular activation, and central sensitization. Glutamate receptor-subtype antagonists are effective in preclinical models of migraine, and in the clinic. These preclinical and clinical observations argue for a strong link between migraine and the glutamatergic system, a link that is important to further characterize in an effort to better understand migraine mechanisms and deliver effective therapies.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trigeminal nucleus"

1

Hunter, Ewan Milne. "Early development of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325637.

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Dyer, Carlene. "Development of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in the zebrafish." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-the-mesencephalic-trigeminal-nucleus-in-the-zebrafish(7ef76f1c-3693-4c2d-b545-f543d2d2f610).html.

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The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) forms part of the monosynaptic trigeminal circuit and is essential for eating and suckling in mammals. Little is known about how the MTN forms. For this thesis I aimed to elucidate the molecular and cellular basis of MTN development. I also aimed to investigate the role of the Fgf and Wnt signalling pathways in MTN development. The zebrafish was used as a model organism to investigate these aims. Putative MTN cells in zebrafish larvae were retrogradely labelled by applying Dil to the adductor mandibulae, a jaw closing muscle. Labelled axons projected from muscles via the trigeminal ganglion to cell bodies in the dorsal anterior mesencephalon, suggesting that the MTN does innervate jaw muscles in teleosts, contrary to previous studies. Molecular characterisation of the MTN in zebrafish revealed a similar expression profile as the mammalian MTN. To investigate whether MTN neurons are neural crest-derived, the neural crest was ablated, which resulted in an increase in MTN number. This suggests that the neural crest may play an inhibitory role in MTN development contradictory to previous studies in chick that suggested MTN neurons are derived from the neural crest. The role of the Fgf and Wnt signalling pathways was investigated by analysis of mutants and drug treatments where the pathways had been genetically or chemically manipulated. Down-regulation of Fgf signalling showed an increase in MTN neuron numbers, suggesting that Fgf signalling from the midbrain/hindbrain boundary inhibits development of the MTN in the midbrain. When the Wnt pathway was up-regulated there was also an increase in MTN neuron number. Based on the results from these experiments a model is proposed, in which Fgf signalling regulates the formation of MTN neurons in a spatial and temporal manner, and Wnt signals from the dorsal roof plate induce the proliferation of MTN precursor cells.

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Hiler, Daniel James. "Bioluminescence Imaging of Transgene Expression at the Wholemouse Level and in the Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1245693947.

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Yang, Fan. "Amylin mediates brainstem control of heart rate in the diving reflex." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/193415.

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Pharmacology
Ph.D.
Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide is a 37-amino acid member of the calcitonin peptide family. Amylin role in the brainstem and its function in regulating heart rates is unknown. The diving reflex is a powerful autonomic reflex, however no neuropeptides have been described to modulate its function. In this thesis study, amylin expression in the brainstem involving pathways between the trigeminal ganglion and the nucleus ambiguus was visualized and characterized using immunohistochemistry. Its functional role in slowing heart rate and also its involvement in the diving reflex were elucidated using stereotaxic microinjection, whole-cel patch-clamp, and a rat diving model. Immunohistochemical and tract tracing studies in rats revealed amylin expression in trigeminal ganglion cells, which also contained vesicular glutamate transporter 2 positive. With respect to the brainstem, amylin containing fibers were discovered in spinal trigeminal tracts. These fibers curved dorsally toward choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons of the nucleus ambiguus, suggesting that amylin may synapse to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus. Microinjection of fluorogold to the nucleus ambiguus retrogradely labeled a population of trigeminal ganglion neurons; some of which also contained amylin. In urethane-anesthetized rats, stereotaxic microinjections of amylin to the nucleus ambiguus caused a dose-dependent bradycardia that was reversibly attenuated by microinjections of the selective amylin receptor antagonist, salmon calcitonin (8-32) (sCT (8-32)) or AC187, and abolished by bilateral vagotomy. In an anesthetized rat diving model, diving bradycardia was attenuated by glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and AP5, and was further suppressed by AC187. Whole-cel patch-clamp recordings from cardiac preganglionic vagal neurons revealed that amylin depolarizes neurons while decreasing conductance. Amylin also resulted in a reduction in whole cell currents, consistent with the decrease in conductance. Amylin is also found to increase excitability of neurons. In the presence of TTX, spontaneous currents in cardiac preganglionic vagal neurons were observed to decrease in frequency in response to amylin while amplitude remained constant, signifying that amylin reduces presynaptic activity at cardiac preganglionic vagal neurons. Finally, evoked synaptic currents revealed that amylin decreases evoked currents, further demonstrating that amylin depolarization and increase in excitability of cardiac preganglionic vagal neurons is also associated with simultaneous inhibition of presynaptic transmission. Our study has demonstrated for the first time that the bradycardia elicited by the diving reflex is mediated by amylin from trigeminal ganglion cells projecting to cardiac preganglionic neurons in the nucleus ambiguus. Additionally, amylin results in the depolarization and increased excitability of cardiac preganglionic vagal neurons while inhibiting presynaptic transmission.
Temple University--Theses

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Hassanali, Jameela. "Periodontal and pulpal connections from the teeth to the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus and ganglion in the vervet monkey and olive baboon." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26589.

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1. The quantitative and somatotopic aspects of periodontal/gingival and pulpal afferent connections of the mandibular and maxillary incisors, canines and molar teeth to the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve and the trigeminal ganglion have been investigated in the vervet monkey and olive baboon using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde axonal tracing method. 2. It has been demonstrated that the periodontal proprioceptive afferent neurons of incisors, canines and molars are found predominantly in the ipsilateral caudal part of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus extending from the level of inferior colliculi to the trigeminal motor nucleus in pons. The incisors have significantly more mesencephalic neural connections than canines and molars. No HRP labelled pulpal mesencephalic neurons have been observed. Faintly labelled neurons have been observed bilaterally, presumably in the supratrigeminal nuclei. 3. It has been shown that the incisors and canines have a large and preponderantly ipsilateral representation in the trigeminal ganglion compared to the molars which have a sparse ipsilateral representation. The discrete periodontal/gingival and pulpal HRP labelled afferent neurons innervating mandibular teeth are found in the postero-lateral aspect of the ganglion and those of the maxillary teeth are found in the middle, along the dorso-ventral extent of the ganglion. 4. Present study shows that about 10% to 15% of the mesencephalic neurons (unilaterally) and 0.32% to 0.58&37 of trigeminal ganglion neurons have afferent connections with the periodontium of incisors, canines and molars in the monkey and baboon. The stereological analysis and cell counts in stratified serial paraffin wax sections has shown that there are bilaterally 1379-2674 and 1620-2816 mesencephalic neurons; 98073-10178 and 137250-153555 ganglion neurons in the monkey and baboon respectively. 5. The periodontal proprioceptive mesencephalic afferent connections of the anterior and posterior teeth suggest that they are involved in the modulation of the reflex effects on the jaw-opening and jaw-closing motor neurons and are thus important in the regulation of masticatory jaw movements. Moreover, a cluster of mesencephalic neurons may form a functional unit for synchronizing jaw movements during mastication. The numerous trigeminal ganglion afferent connections of the anterior teeth suggest that they have a major sensory role particularly in perception of the food bolus. Furthermore, the afferent connections of the anterior teeth may serve to regulate the jaw movement by providing anterior guidance during the occlusal phase of chewing. It is concluded that the connections of teeth to the ipsilateral trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus and ganglion; the connections to the interneurons of the supratrigeminal and the sensory nuclei are involved in the reflex modulation and bilateral control of jaw movements and the perception of stimulation of the teeth.

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Mascaro, Marcelo Betti. "Conexões e caracterização neuroquímica de vias neurais envolvidas com o controle dos movimentos mandibulares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-16102007-134818/.

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O núcleo motor do trigêmeo (Mo5) está cercado por um anel de neurônios pré-motores localizados na região h. Estudos demonstram que neurônios que inervam o Mo5 estão distribuídos no tronco encefálico e no prosencéfalo. Após implante de traçador retrógrado no Mo5, verificamos células retrogradamente marcadas no núcleo mesencefálico do trigêmeo (Me5), na região h e em núcleos prosencefálicos como o central da amígdala (CeA), a área hipotalâmica lateral (LH) e o parasubtalâmico (PSTh). Para confirmação, realizamos injeção de traçador anterógrado e investigamos, também, a neuroquímica das projeções. Neurônios do CeA que se projetam para o Mo5 recebem inervação de fibras imunorreativas ao fator liberador de corticotrofina (CFR-ir) e/ou à tirosina hidroxilase (TH-ir); alguns neurônios da LH que se projetam para o Mo5 são imunorreativos à orexina (ORX) e alguns neurônios do PSTh que se projetam para o Mo5 são innervados por fibras TH-ir. O Me5 recebe grande inervação do CeA e moderada da LH e do PSTh, possuindo grande aferência de fibras imunorreativas ao CRF, ORX e TH
The trigeminal motor nucleus (Mo5) is surrounded by a ring of premotor neurons defined as the h region. Studies have shown that neurons innervating the Mo5 are located in brainstem and in forebrain nuclei. Through the injection of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin b subunit/CTb in the Mo5, we found retrograde labeled neurons in the brainstem including the h region and the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5), and in forebrain nuclei such as the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA), the lateral hypothalamic area (LH) and the parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTh). As control, we injected the anterograde tracer biotin dextran amine and found that these areas project direct or indirectly via the h region or the Me5 to the Mo5. Some CeA neurons that project to the Mo5 receive corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) innervation, some LH neurons that project to Mo5 express orexin, and PSTh neurons that project to the Mo5 receive TH innervation. The Me5 is also innervated by CeA, LH and PSTh neurons and by CRF, orexin and TH immunoreactive fibers

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Paterno, Mario [Verfasser]. "Longitudinal assessment of tau phosphorylation in the brainstem of P301L tau transgenic pR5 mice : focus on the trigeminal motor nucleus / Mario Paterno." Köln : Deutsche Zentralbibliothek für Medizin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1126978949/34.

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Pinto, Magali Luci [UNIFESP]. "Organização Topográfica e Quantificação das Vias Trigêmino-Rubrais em Camundongos Distróficos e Normais." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9886.

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Pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne apresentam alteracoes no sistema nervoso central (SNC). Mudancas no SNC tambem ocorrem nos camundongos distroficos (mdx), incluindo perda de fibras rubro-espinais. Para examinar se outras vias tambem sao reduzidas no mdx, propusemo-nos a estudar a organizacao topografica das vias trigemino-rubrais e quantificar os neuronios do Complexo Trigeminal que se projetam para o nucleo Rubro em camundongos C57BL10 (normais) e distroficos (mdx) de diferentes idades. Para tanto, os animais foram submetidos a cirurgia estereotaxica para as injecoes dos tracadores de transporte retrogrado Fluorogold, Rodamina e Fluoresceina, bilateralmente, no nucleo Rubro. Sete dias depois, os animais foram sacrificados sob anestesia atraves de perfusao transcardiaca e os encefalos foram congelados em meio de embebicao proprio no uso do aparelho criostato e, destes encefalos foram realizados cortes seriados na espessura de 35 ƒÊm. A analise foi realizada em microscopico de epifluorescencia. Foram contados os neuronios do subnucleo oral do nucleo espinal do nervo trigemeo em camundongos normais e distroficos de 3, 6 e 12 meses de idade. No Sistema Intersticial, foram contados todos os neuronios marcados ao longo de sua extensao. Nossos resultados mostraram que existe uma organizacao topografica na projecao dos neuronios do Complexo Trigeminal e do Sistema Intersticial para o nucleo Rubro, em camundongos. Todos os nucleos sensoriais do Complexo Trigeminal apresentaram intensa marcacao bilateral, com predominio contralateral quando o sitio de injecao foi na regiao magnocelular do nucleo Rubro; os neuronios apresentaram pouca ou nenhuma marcacao quando o sitio atingiu a região parvocelular e, quando o sítio de injeção atingiu a região intermediária do núcleo a qual abrange suas partes magnocelular e parvocelular, a marcação retrógrada foi mais intensa só quando o foco do sítio atingiu mais a região magnocelular. O núcleo motor do Complexo Trigeminal não foi marcado em nenhuma das situações. No Sistema Intersticial, foram marcados os neurônios apenas quando o sítio de injeção abrangeu a região magnocelular do núcleo Rubro. Também foi verificado que no Complexo Trigeminal essa organização é semelhante em ambos os grupos normais e distróficos. Os resultados mostraram uma redução de 50% no número de neurônios do Complexo Trigeminal no mdx com a idade de 3 meses. Essa redução neuronal se manteve nos camundongos mdx nos grupos de 6 e 12 meses, não ocorrendo progressão desta perda com a idade. Além disso, o grupo de camundongos C57BL10 (normais) também não apresentou perda neuronal com a idade. Concluímos que a diferença observada no complexo trigeminal no grupo de 3 meses já está estabelecida e que não é progressiva com o avanço da idade; portanto, é bem provável que os camundongos mdx já nasçam com essa redução ou que a mesma ocorra logo nas primeiras semanas após o nascimento.
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MEHBOOB, RIFFAT MEHBOOB. "EXPRESSION OF SUBSTANCE P IN BRAINSTEMS OF VICTIMS OF SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED PERINATAL DEATH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150185.

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Sudden perinatal death including SIDS is a rare but lethal syndrome and there is no symptom of this disorder until the fatal outcome has occurred. Epidemiological, genetic, molecular and pathological studies conducted so far give us some possible explanations about it but are inadequate to explain it completely. Brainstem etiology is a mostly accepted hypothesis to induce sudden perinatal death. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of substance P (SP) in the brainstems of 56 subjects aged from 17 gestational weeks to 10 postnatal months, died of unknown (sudden unexplained perinatal deaths and SIDS) and known causes (controls). The goals of this study were to obtain basic information about the expression of the SP during the first phases of human nervous system development; to evaluate whether there are altered manifestations of this neuromodulator in victims of sudden death; to verify the correlation with maternal cigarette smoking and to see the evolutionary aspects of SP gene (TAC1) through computational analysis. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated SP-immunoreactivity in correspondence of the caudal trigeminal nucleus area, with progressive increase in density of positive fibers of the corresponding tract from fetal life to first postnatal months. So, we first delineated the structure of the human trigeminal nucleus, so far little investigated, and provided essential data on its morphologic and functional development. Nevertheless, a negativity or low SP-positivity of the tract fibres was detectable in a wide subset of SIDS and, conversely, high SP-expression in a wide subset of sudden fetal deaths. Therefore we postulate, on the basis of these results, the functional importance of the SP in the early phases of central nervous system development and in the regulation of autonomic functions. Besides, the observation of a significant correlation between sudden unexplained death, altered SP staining and maternal smoking, prompted us to suppose a close relation between smoking absorption in utero and decrease of the functional activity of the trigeminal nucleus, leading to sudden death during pregnancy and in the first months of life. Computational analysis suggests that SP encoding gene (TAC1) is a singleton, appeared in vertebrates and is more prone to induce neuropathologies along with its interactors, if mutated or functionally altered, as it is located mostly in brain.

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Ma, Wu. "Aspects structuraux et ultrastructuraux des projections spinales et trigeminales dans le thalamus et l'aire parabrachiale." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066132.

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Books on the topic "Trigeminal nucleus"

1

Lazarov, Nikolai E. The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus in the Cat. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57176-3.

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Enrico, Marani, and Schoen, J. H. R. 1930-1981., eds. The trigeminal system in man. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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C, Shults Randall, and Jones Sharon L, eds. The initial processing of pain and its descending control: Spinal and trigeminal systems. Basel: Karger, 1992.

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Lazarov, N. E. Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus in the Cat. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Lazarov, N. E. The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus in the Cat. Springer, 2011.

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Schoen, Jaap H. R., Kamen G. Usunoff, and Enrico Marani. Trigeminal System in Man. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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The Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus in the Cat (Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology). Springer, 2000.

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Usunoff, Kamen G., Enrico Marani, and Jaap H. R. Schoen. The Trigeminal System in Man (Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology). Springer, 2000.

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Shaw, Pamela, and David Hilton-Jones. The lower cranial nerves and dysphagia. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0429.

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Disorders affecting the lower cranial nerves – V (trigeminal), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory) and XII (hypoglossal) – are discussed in the first part of this chapter. The clinical neuroanatomy of each nerve is described in detail, as are disorders – often in the form of lesions – for each nerve.Trigeminal nerve function may be affected by supranuclear, nuclear, or peripheral lesions. Because of the wide anatomical distribution of the components of the trigeminal nerve, complete interruption of both the motor and sensory parts is rarely observed in practice. However, partial involvement of the trigeminal nerve, particularly the sensory component, is relatively common, the main symptoms being numbness and pain. Reactivation of herpes zoster in the trigeminal nerve (shingles) can cause pain and a rash. Trigeminal neuralgia and sensory neuropathy are also discussed.Other disorders of the lower cranial nerves include Bell’s palsy, hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Cavernous sinus, Tolosa–Hunt syndrome, jugular foramen syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis are caused by the involvement of more than one lower cranial nerve.Difficulty in swallowing, or dysphagia, is a common neurological problem and the most important consequences include aspiration and malnutrition (Wiles 1991). The process of swallowing is a complex neuromuscular activity, which allows the safe transport of material from the mouth to the stomach for digestion, without compromising the airway. It involves the synergistic action of at least 32 pairs of muscles and depends on the integrity of sensory and motor pathways of several cranial nerves; V, VII, IX, X, and XII. In neurological practice dysphagia is most often seen in association with other, obvious, neurological problems. Apart from in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, it is relatively rare as a sole presenting symptom although occasionally this is seen in motor neurone disease, myasthenia gravis, and inclusion body myositis. Conversely, in general medical practice, there are many mechanical or structural disorders which may have dysphagia as the presenting feature. In some of the disorders, notably motor neurone disease, both upper and lower motor neurone dysfunction may contribute to the dysphagia. Once dysphagia has been identified as a real or potential problem, the patient should undergo expert evaluation by a clinician and a speech therapist, prior to any attempt at feeding. Videofluoroscopy may be required. If there is any doubt it is best to achieve adequate nutrition through the use of a fine-bore nasogastric tube and to periodically reassess swallowing. Anticholinergic drugs may be helpful to reduce problems with excess saliva and drooling that occur in patients with neurological dysphagia, and a portable suction apparatus may be helpful. Difficulty in clearing secretions from the throat may be helped by the administration of a mucolytic agent such as carbocisteine or provision of a cough assist device.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trigeminal nucleus"

1

Schröder, H. "Functional Anatomy of the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus." In Brain-Stem Localization and Function, 165–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78172-8_19.

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Pokorski, M., and H. Gromysz. "Trigeminal Motor Nucleus and Pontile Respiratory Regulation." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 59–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1933-1_11.

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Olsson, Kurt Å., and Sven Landgren. "Primary Afferent and Descending Cortical Convergence on the Interneurons in the Border Zone of the Trigeminal Motor Nucleus: A Comparison between Trigeminal and Spinal Interneurons." In Neurophysiology of the Jaws and Teeth, 162–91. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08964-2_5.

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Moskowitz, Michael A., and Kazuhiko nozaki. "5-HT1b/D„-Receptor Agonists Block C-Fos-Li Within Trigeminal Nucleus Caudalis in Response to Noxious Meningeal Stimulation." In Medical Science Symposia Series, 33–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1920-7_4.

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Shigenaga, Yoshio, and Atsushi Yoshida. "Trigeminal Brainstem Nuclear Complex, Anatomy." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 4054–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_4602.

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Hu, James W., and Alain Woda. "Trigeminal Brainstem Nuclear Complex, Physiology." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 4060–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_4604.

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Bereiter, David A. "Trigeminal Brain Stem Nuclear Complex, Immunohistochemistry, and Neurochemistry." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 4050–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_4603.

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ten Donkelaar, Hendrik Jan, Gesineke C. Bangma, Heleen A. Barbas-Henry, Roelie de Boer-van Huizen, and Jan G. Wolters. "Organization and Connections of the Sensory Trigeminal Nuclei." In Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 28–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72763-4_5.

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Harvarik, R., D. Schwandt, C. Fünsterer, and A. Müller-Jensen. "Kernspintomographische Darstellung des Tractus/Nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini bei postzosterischer Neuralgie." In Topographische Diagnostik des Gehirns, 513–14. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9415-7_124.

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Székely, George, and Clara Matesz. "Control of Jaw Movements and Facial Expression: The Trigeminal and Facial Nuclei." In Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 24–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77938-1_6.

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Reports on the topic "Trigeminal nucleus"

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Lazarov, Nikolai E., Dimitrinka Y. Atanasova, Angel D. Dandov, and Nikolay D. Dimitrov. Anandamide-induced Expression of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors in the Rat Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus after Short-term Thermal Stress. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.09.16.

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