Academic literature on the topic 'Trigonometric height measurement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trigonometric height measurement"
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Xu, Yiteng, Xin Zhao, Hewen Liu, Feng Xu, and Xiaoqiang Wang. "The Improvement and application of elevation measurement method with total station." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016503018.
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In this paper, by analyzing the limitations of the traditional trigonometric elevation method, and on the basis of establishing a mathematical model of trigonometric elevation, a convenient and fast trigonometric elevation method without instrument height and prism height is improved, and the operation steps of the method are introduced in detail. The accuracy analysis was evaluated and the method was applied to actual engineering. The results show that under the premise of ensuring the measurement accuracy, this method not only reduces the range of measurement error sources, but also improves the measurement efficiency.
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Zhou, Xian Ping, and Ming Sun. "Study on Accuracy Measure of Trigonometric Leveling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 329 (June 2013): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.329.373.
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How to reduce the errors of the total station in vertical angle measurement is a main problem for improving the accuracy of trigonometric leveling. The leveling method combining the total station with a tracking bar is becoming increasingly more popular, and also the limitations of the traditional trigonometric leveling method have been shown. After a long period of exploration, a new method is proposed for trigonometric leveling. The results show that the error sources of trigonometric leveling are reduced by the method combining with the total station on any spot, and also instrument height and prism height are unnecessarily measured in each determination, so that the field workload and the error sources for improving accuracy are reduced, and then the accuracy of trigonometric leveling is further improved and the speed of implementing the leveling becomes faster. This height determination method is with certain applicability and reference value in the practical work.
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Shieh, Jen Yu, Min Xian Gao, Yu Ting Liu, Guo Jyun Liao, and Chen Kai Wang. "Designing and Constructing a Non-Contact Measuring Device for 3D Objects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1011.
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This work proposes an economical, practical, and easy-to-operate combined measuring device to measure volume. This device integrates measuring tools that are commonly employed in architectural engineering for gauging distance, height, area, and volume, and has an error rate of less than 1% in volume measuring. Regarding the microcomputer controller, the law of cosines in trigonometric functions was adopted to calculate side lengths. The experimental results verified that this device can identify the correlation coefficients of side-length measurements by using sensors and calculating the side length of an object according to the law of cosines .Consequently, the study device achieved non-contact volume measurement using a microcomputer controller, and the results conformed to the gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R) method in measurement system analysis.
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Goluk, Victor P., and Denis G. Nazarov. "INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE GEODESIC CONTROL OF THE INSTALLATION OF ASPHALT-CONCRETE COATING ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROAD BRIDGE TRANSITION ACROSS THE KERCH SHEET." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 1 (2020): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-1-1-106-119.
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During the construction of bridges, special attention is paid to geometric parameters, one of the most important parameters of the rideable bed is the evenness of the bases and coatings. Geodetic works provide an integrated approach to solving the problem of controlling the flatness of the base layers, which includes: geodetic survey of the rideable canvas, verification of working documentation, control of the copying string, geometric control of the evenness of the laid asphalt concrete floor slab for the steel concrete span and bridge deck for a metal span structure. Various options for controlling the height position of a copier string and a laid asphalt concrete pavement (using trigonometric and geometric leveling) were reviewed and tested. A priori assessment of the accuracy of the measurement results for each of the methods for monitoring algebraic difference of elevations (amplitudes) was previously performed. The article proposes a combined approach to geodetic control at all stages of work on checking the evenness of the asphalt concrete pavement.
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Pereira, Iokanam, Henrique Mendonça do Nascimento, Matheus Boni Vicari, et al. "Performance of Laser-Based Electronic Devices for Structural Analysis of Amazonian Terra-Firme Forests." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (2019): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050510.
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Tropical vegetation biomass represents a key component of the carbon stored in global forest ecosystems. Estimates of aboveground biomass commonly rely on measurements of tree size (diameter and height) and then indirectly relate, via allometric relationships and wood density, to biomass sampled from a relatively small number of harvested and weighed trees. Recently, however, novel in situ remote sensing techniques have been proposed, which may provide nondestructive alternative approaches to derive biomass estimates. Nonetheless, we still lack knowledge of the measurement uncertainties, as both the calibration and validation of estimates using different techniques and instruments requires consistent assessment of the underlying errors. To that end, we investigate different approaches estimating the tropical aboveground biomass in situ. We quantify the total and systematic errors among measurements obtained from terrestrial light detection and ranging (LiDAR), hypsometer-based trigonometry, and traditional forest inventory. We show that laser-based estimates of aboveground biomass are in good agreement (<10% measurement uncertainty) with traditional measurements. However, relative uncertainties vary among the allometric equations based on the vegetation parameters used for parameterization. We report the error metrics for measurements of tree diameter and tree height and discuss the consequences for estimated biomass. Despite methodological differences detected in this study, we conclude that laser-based electronic devices could complement conventional measurement techniques, thereby potentially improving estimates of tropical vegetation biomass.
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Heyduk, Adam. "Laser Triangulation in 3-Dimensional Granulometric Analysis." Archives of Mining Sciences 61, no. 1 (2016): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amsc-2016-0002.
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Abstract The measurement of the particle size distribution plays an important role in mineral processing. Due to the high costs and time-consumption of the screening process, modern machine vision methods based on the acquisition and analysis of recorded photographic images. But the image analysis methods used so far, do not provide information on the three-dimensional shape of the grain. In the coal industry, the application scope of these methods is substantially limited by the low reflectivity of the black coal particle surface. These circumstances hinder proper segmentation of coal stream surface image. The limited information contained in two-dimensional image of the raw mineral stream surface, makes it difficult to identify proper size of grains partially overlapped by other particles and skewed particles. Particle height estimation based on the shadow length measurement becomes very difficult in industrial environment because of the fast movement of the conveyor belt and because of spatial arrangement of these particles, usually touching and overlapping. Method of laser triangulation connected with the movement of the conveyor belt makes it possible to create three-dimensional depth maps. Application of passive triangulation methods (e.g. stereovision) can be impeded because of the low contrast of the black coal on the black conveyor belt. This forces the use of active triangulation methods, directly identifying position of the analyzed image pixel. High contrast of the image can be obtained by a direct pointwise laser lighting. For the simultaneous identification of the entire section of the raw material stream it is useful to apply a linear laser (a planar sheet of the laser light). There have been presented basic formulas for conversion of pixel position on the camera CCD matrix to the real-word coordinates. A laboratory stand has been described. This stand includes a linear laser, two high-definition (2Mpix) cameras and stepper motor driver. The triangulation head moves on the rails along the belt conveyor section. There have been compared acquired depth maps and photographic images. Depth maps much better describe spatial arrangement of coal particles, and have a much lower noise level resulting from the specular light reflections from the shiny fragments of the particle surface. This makes possible an identification of the coal particles partially overlapped by other particles and obliquely arranged particles. It enables a partial elimination or compensation of image disturbances affecting the final result of the estimated particle size distribution. Because of the possibility of the reflected laser beam overriding by other particles it is advantageous to use a system of two cameras. Results of the experimental research confirmed the usefulness of the described method in spite of low reflectance factor of coal surface. The fast detection of changes in particle size distribution makes possible an on-line optimization of complex technological systems - especially those involving coal cleaning in jigs - thus leading to better stabilization of quality parameters of the enrichment output products. An additional application of the described method can be achieved by measuring the total volume of the stream of the transported materials. Together with the measurement signal from the belt conveyor weight it makes possible to estimate the bulk density of the raw mineral stream. The low complexity of the signal processing in the laser triangulation method is associated with the acquisition of high contrast images and analysis based on simple trigonometric dependencies.
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Rybansky, M., M. Brenova, P. Zerzan, J. Simon, and T. Mikita. "METHODS FOR THE UPDATE AND VERIFICATION OF FOREST SURFACE MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 10, 2016): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-51-2016.
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The digital terrain model (DTM) represents the bare ground earth's surface without any objects like vegetation and buildings. In contrast to a DTM, Digital surface model (DSM) represents the earth's surface including all objects on it. The DTM mostly does not change as frequently as the DSM. The most important changes of the DSM are in the forest areas due to the vegetation growth. Using the LIDAR technology the canopy height model (CHM) is obtained by subtracting the DTM and the corresponding DSM. The DSM is calculated from the first pulse echo and DTM from the last pulse echo data. The main problem of the DSM and CHM data using is the actuality of the airborne laser scanning. <br><br> This paper describes the method of calculating the CHM and DSM data changes using the relations between the canopy height and age of trees. To get a present basic reference data model of the canopy height, the photogrammetric and trigonometric measurements of single trees were used. Comparing the heights of corresponding trees on the aerial photographs of various ages, the statistical sets of the tree growth rate were obtained. These statistical data and LIDAR data were compared with the growth curve of the spruce forest, which corresponds to a similar natural environment (soil quality, climate characteristics, geographic location, etc.) to get the updating characteristics.
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Rybansky, M., M. Brenova, P. Zerzan, J. Simon, and T. Mikita. "METHODS FOR THE UPDATE AND VERIFICATION OF FOREST SURFACE MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (June 10, 2016): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-51-2016.
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The digital terrain model (DTM) represents the bare ground earth's surface without any objects like vegetation and buildings. In contrast to a DTM, Digital surface model (DSM) represents the earth's surface including all objects on it. The DTM mostly does not change as frequently as the DSM. The most important changes of the DSM are in the forest areas due to the vegetation growth. Using the LIDAR technology the canopy height model (CHM) is obtained by subtracting the DTM and the corresponding DSM. The DSM is calculated from the first pulse echo and DTM from the last pulse echo data. The main problem of the DSM and CHM data using is the actuality of the airborne laser scanning. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; This paper describes the method of calculating the CHM and DSM data changes using the relations between the canopy height and age of trees. To get a present basic reference data model of the canopy height, the photogrammetric and trigonometric measurements of single trees were used. Comparing the heights of corresponding trees on the aerial photographs of various ages, the statistical sets of the tree growth rate were obtained. These statistical data and LIDAR data were compared with the growth curve of the spruce forest, which corresponds to a similar natural environment (soil quality, climate characteristics, geographic location, etc.) to get the updating characteristics.
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RÁKAY, Štefan, Slavomír LABANT, and Karol BARTOŠ. "VERIFICATION OF FLOOR PLANARITY BY TRIGONOMETRICAL MEASUREMENT OF HEIGHTS ON A 5-STOREY MONOLITHIC BUILDING." Geodesy and cartography 44, no. 1 (2018): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2018.269.
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Nikonov, Anton, Nikolay Kosarev, Olga Solnyshkova, and Inna Makarikhina. "Geodetic base for the construction of ground-based facilities in a tropical climate." E3S Web of Conferences 91 (2019): 07019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199107019.
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The data on the geodetic base creation for surveys and construction on the example of works to expand the power station capacity, performed in one of the Latin America countries in 2015-2018, are presented in the paper. The points’ coordinates obtained by two methods were established. A comparison of the points’ heights obtained from II class geometric leveling and two-sided trigonometric leveling is also carried out. It was concluded that the high accuracy of determining the points’ coordinates and altitudes can be obtained by ground methods (using a total station) with careful measurements even in tropical climates.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trigonometric height measurement"
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Nilsson, Mimmi. "Mätosäkerheter vid trigonometrisk höjdmätning : En jämförelse mellan ett avvägningsinstrument och en multistation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22072.
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Avvägning är den traditionella metoden för höjdmätning, medan trigonometrisk höjdmätningunderlättar vid höjdmätning på längre avstånd och vid kuperad terräng. Syftet med studien varatt undersöka mätosäkerheten vid trigonometrisk höjdmätning. Detta genom en jämförelsemed traditionell höjdmätning som utförts med ett finavvägningsinstrument samt hur mångahelsatser som krävs för att erhålla resultat med låg mätosäkerhet för trigonometriskhöjdmätning. Kravet som ställdes var 2 mm√L, där L är avvägningstågets längd i km.Mätningarna har genomförts i två tunnlar varav i den ena var markytan plan och i den andralutade marken 1 m på 10 m (1/10). Höjdfixarna monterades i bergväggen ungefär var tiondemeter och höjdbestämdes med avvägningsinstrument, DNA03, för att erhålla sanna höjder förhöjdfixarna. Därefter mättes höjdfixarna in genom trigonometrisk höjdmätning i helsatsermed multistationen MS50. Höjder erhållna med trigonometrisk höjdmätning beräknades ochnätutjämnades i Svensk byggnadsgeodesi (SBG) Geo 15 för att sedan kunna jämföra medhöjd som erhållits med avvägningsinstrument. Signifikanstest beräknades för varje mätningför att avgöra om mätningarna var av samma population.Slutningsfelet för samtliga avvägningståg ligger inom toleransen och tillförlitligheten förhöjdbestämningen är hög. Vid höjdbestämning med trigonometrisk höjdmätning kan intesamma låga mätosäkerhet som med avvägningsinstrument förväntas, men inte långt ifrån.Med trigonometrisk höjdmätning, utfört med MS50, för distanser mellan 10-100 m kan enmätosäkerhet runt 0,5-1,5 mm förväntas vid mätning i två helsatser. Signifikanstestet visadeatt fler mätningar var inom konfidensintervallet 95 % när två kända höjder användes iberäkningarna i stället för en känd höjd. Vid mätning med totalstation kan lägremätosäkerheter för trigonometrisk höjdmätning förväntas än 0,5-1,5 mm på 10-100 m.<br>The aim of the thesis was to determine the uncertainty of trigonometric height measurementin comparison by traditional height measurement performed with a digital level. Levelling isthe traditional method of height measurement while the trigonometric height measurementfacilitates height measurement at longer distances and in terrain. The uncertainty of thetrigonometric height measurement has been investigated as well as how many rounds ofmeasurements are sufficient for measurements between 10-100 m.The measurements were carried out in two tunnels where in one the ground was plane and inthe other it is grade was 1/10. Height fixes were mounted about every 10 meters in the rockwall and height determined with a levelling instrument, DNA03, to obtain true elevations onheight fixes. Thereafter, the height of the fixes were measured through trigonometric heightmeasurement in one, two, three and four rounds of measurements with a multi station, MS50.Elevation data was calculated and levelling net adjusted in Svensk byggnadsgeodesi (SBG)Geo to then compare the height data from the trigonometric height measurement with thelevelled height obtained by levelling instruments. Significance tests were calculated for themeasurement to determine if the measurements are of the same population.Connection error of all leveling was within tolerance which shows that the reliability of theheight determination is high. The height determination by trigonometric height measurementcan not be of the same low uncertainty that is expected with levelling, but not far from it.With trigonometric height measurement, carried out with MS50, for distances between 10-100m can an uncertainty of 0.5-1.5 mm be expected when two rounds of measurements are used.Significance test shows that more measurements are within the confidence interval 95% whentwo known heights are used in the calculations, instead of one known height.
Book chapters on the topic "Trigonometric height measurement"
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Van Brummelen, Glen. "1. Why?" In Trigonometry: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198814313.003.0001.
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‘Why?’ considers some of the mathematical problems faced by scientists in the past: Hipparchus of Rhodes trying to predict the times of eclipses; Maurice Bressieu, the 16th-century French mathematician and humanist, calculating the height of a tower; and Lord Kelvin trying to predict ocean tide behaviour. Each of these scientists was faced with the same difficulty: the mathematical tools they had at their disposal were not up to the task of quantifying the phenomenon they were studying. This is the problem at the heart of trigonometry: how can we bring together geometry and computation to solve real physical problems? Today, examples of bridges between geometry and measurement are everywhere.
Conference papers on the topic "Trigonometric height measurement"
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Patel, Jigar, Gautam Chauhan, Dharmendra Raghuwanshi, and Ajay Mohanan. "The Automated System for Line Pipe’s Dimensions Measurement." In ASME 2017 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2017-2431.
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With the advent of automated measurement of physical dimensional parameters of steel line-pipes, the industry seems to have scaled newer heights, which were previously never even imagined. The dimensional accuracy of each pipe is very critical in the overall success of a line pipe project. The quality of girth welding of pipes during laying, depends upon the close dimensional tolerances of the pipe ends. Even a slight variation in out-of-roundness or end-chamfered profile could lead to drastic irregularities in the pipe-to-pipe joining process. And the manual measuring of the pipe parameters poses a serious question with regards to their accuracy and reliability, due to the effects of man, measurement method and instruments used. There is also a huge limitation of the sampled area measured not exactly resembling the whole pipe, due to the constraints of time and the manual process involved. This paper describes the rise of Automated Pipe Dimension Measurement System (APDMS), which measures a total of 19 dimensional parameters after real-time geometrical & trigonometrical calculations, using parametric data from 72 measurement laser scanners & sensors. The pipe coordinates are measured by laser triangulation technique principally, at each degree circumferentially and 10 mm apart lengthwise. A pipe that needs at least 45 minutes to measure all dimensional parameters manually, by 2 men and almost 25 instruments & accessories, is measured in 2.5 minutes by APDMS with mind-boggling resolution and accuracy. All this is done with a simple push of a button after one-time entering of pipe size. The fully automated system then does its job efficiently to move the pipe accordingly and scan it. The back-end software calculates the required parameters from the measured raw coordinates, evaluates them against set criteria, viz. upper and lower limits, and generates a plot that shows the variation of a parameter along the length or circumference. A calibration system in incorporated to keep the system compliant with accuracy against calibrated and certified standard samples. Initially, we took more than 2000 trials on the whole range of pipe sizes we manufacture, after the installation of system on shop-floor. After trials and establishment, we have so far measured more than 3000 regular production pipes through this system with remarkable results. Analysis has been carried out continuously to ensure the repeatability and reproducibility of the system is as per industry standards. This new, contactless method aims to minimize dimensional variances for fluent and effortless installation of pipes at application site, by ensuring that the dimensions are well within the defined criteria, at each and every point on the pipe during its manufacturing.