Journal articles: 'Trihexyphenidyl – analysis'

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Priescisila, Indri Riza, and Mahmudah Mahmudah. "Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan dengan Penggunaan Trihexyphenidyl pada Remaja di BNN Kota Surabaya." Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan 5, no. 1 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jbk.v5i1.2016.70-79.

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Drugs abuse is increase every years. One of the type of medicines that often abused by teenager is trihexyphenidyl or commonly called pills koplo. The use of a drug was infl uenced some of factors, such as environment (schools, family, and their peers). The purpose of this research to fi nd out the relationship between environment factors with the use of trihexyphenidyl by teenager in BNN Surabaya City. The research was observational research by design cross sectional. Technique sampling the research is simple random sampling, from teenager was 12-21 years and used trihexyphenidyl who performs outpatient in BNN Surabaya City as many as 48 people. The research was done at September 2015-Januari 2016 in BNN Surabaya city. The results showed that 52,1 percent teenager was 12-15 years old and male (66.7 percent). Half of teenager had completed their junior high school of 62.5 percent and the parents of teenagers work as a private employees. The most teenagers 54,2 percent used trihexyphenidyl among 1-3 years. Teenager stop using trihexyphenidyl were 62.5 percent. The results of the chi square analysis showed that there was no correlation between schools, family, and their peers variables with the use of trihexyphenidyl by teenager in BNN Surabaya City .The usage of trihexyphenidyl among teenager not only caused by several factors individual and their peers factors, but there are still many other reasons. The program intervention required to address the problems is providing information about danger of drugs usage or abuse medicines to teenager or the Surabaya community.

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Radić, Josip, Maša Buljac, Boštjan Genorio, Ema Gričar, and Mitja Kolar. "A Novel Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Potentiometric Determination of Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Matrices." Sensors 21, no. 9 (2021): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092955.

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A novel promising carbon paste electrode with excellent potentiometric properties was prepared for the analysis of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP), the acetylcholine receptor and an anticholinergic drug in real samples. It contains 10.2% trihexyphenidy-tetraphenylborate ionic pair as the electroactive material, with the addition of 3.9% reduced graphene oxide and 0.3% of anionic additive into the paste, which consists of 45.0% dibutylphthalate as the solvent mediator and 40.6% graphite. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the electrode showed a Nernstian slope of 58.9 ± 0.2 mV/decade with a regression coefficient of 0.9992. It exhibited high selectivity and reproducibility as well as a fast and linear dynamic response range from 4.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 M. The electrode remained usable for up to 19 days. Analytical applications showed excellent recoveries ranging from 96.8 to 101.7%, LOD was 2.5 × 10−7 M. The electrode was successfully used for THP analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples.

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Martin-Molins, C., P. Sibille, N. Milan, and M. H. Ghysel-Laporte. "Hair analysis report: Trihexyphenidyl, an antiparkinsonian agent facilitating assaults." Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 31, no. 2 (2019): S82—S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2019.03.132.

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Dinakaran, Sathis Kumar, Santhos Kumar, David Banji, Harani Avasarala, and Venkateshwar Rao. "Formulation and evaluation of bi-layer floating tablets of ziprasidone HCl and trihexyphenidyl HCl." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 3 (2011): 545–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000300012.

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The purpose of this research study was to establish ziprasidone HCl NR 40 mg and trihexyphenidyl HCl SR 4mg in the form of bi-layer sustained release floating tablets. The tablets were prepared using sodium HPMC K4M / HPMC K15M as bio-adhesive polymers and sodium bicarbonate acting as a floating layer. Tablets were evaluated based on different parameters such as thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, in vitro dissolution studies, content of active ingredient and IR studies. The physico-chemical properties of the finished product complied with the specifications. In vitro release from the formulation was studied as per the USP XXIII dissolution procedure. The formulations gave a normal release effect followed by sustained release for 12 h which indicates bimodal release of ziprasidone HCl from the matrix tablets. The data obtained was fitted to Peppas models. Analysis of n values of the Korsmeyer equation indicated that the drug release involved non-diffusional mechanisms. By the present study, it can be concluded that bi-layer tablets of ziprasidone HCl and trihexyphenidyl HCl will be a useful strategy for extending the metabolism and improving the bioavailability of Ziprasidone HCl and Trihexyphenidyl HCl.

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Romeo, Domenico M., Alessandro Specchia, Alfonso Fasano, et al. "Treatment of Dystonia Using Trihexyphenidyl in Costello Syndrome." Brain Sciences 10, no. 7 (2020): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10070450.

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Costello syndrome (CS), a rare syndrome with multisystemic involvement inherited as a dominant trait, is characterized by developmental delay, coarse facial appearance, cardiac defects including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skin abnormalities, brain complications, and a predisposition to certain malignancies. The musculoskeletal system is particularly affected in CS, with peculiar orthopedic anomalies that impact posture and gait. Dystonia has been recently documented to contribute to abnormal postures and musculoskeletal anomalies characterizing CS, suggesting the possible use of pharmacological treatments to treat these complications. We report the case of a child affected by CS displaying a particularly severe musculoskeletal involvement with dystonic posture especially in the arms and legs. The Movement Disorder-Childhood Rating Scale (MD-CRS) and a gait analysis were used to assess clinical patterns of hyperkinetic movement disorder and dystonia. The child was further treated with trihexyphenidyl for six months with a final dosage of 14 mg. MD-CRS and gait analysis assessments provided evidence for a significant improvement of posture and the related musculoskeletal problems with no side effects. Our preliminary study report provides first evidence that pharmacological anti-dystonia treatment significantly improves movement and posture disorders in patients with CS. Further studies enrolling larger cohorts of patients should be performed to validate these preliminary observations.

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Shetti, P., and A. Venkatachalam. "Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride, Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride and Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride from Tablet Formulation." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, s1 (2010): S299—S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/529386.

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A new, simple, precise, rapid, selective and stability indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, trifluoperazine hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride from combined tablet formulation. The method is based on reverse-phase using C-18 (250×4.6) mm, 5 μm particle size column. The separation is achieved using isocratic elution by methanol and ammonium acetate buffer (1% w/v, pH 6.5) in the ratio of 85:15 v/v, pumped at flow rate 1.0 mL/min and UV detection at 215 nm. The column is maintained at 30 °C through out the analysis. This method gives baseline resolution. The total run time is 15 min. Stability indicating capability is established buy forced degradation experiment. The method is validated for specificity, accuracy, precision and linearity as per International conference of harmonisation (ICH). The method is accurate and linear for quantification of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, trifluoperazine hydrochloride and Chlorpromazine hydrochloride between 5 - 15 μg/mL, 12.5- 37.5 μg/mL and 62.5 - 187.5 μg/mL respectively.

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Ben-Pazi, Hilla. "Trihexyphenidyl Improves Motor Function in Children with Dystonic Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Analysis." Journal of Child Neurology 26, no. 7 (2011): 810–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073810392582.

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Rahaya, Anggie, and Noor Cahaya. "STUDI RETROSPEKTIF PENGGUNAAN TRIHEXYFENIDIL PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA RAWAT INAP YANG MENDAPAT TERAPI ANTIPSKOTIK DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA SAMBANG LIHUM." Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal) 2, no. 2 (2016): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2016.v2.i2.5986.

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Trihexyphenidyl (THP) is used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease or involuntary movements due to the side effects of certain psychiatric drugs. It can also decrease other side effects such as muscle stiffness/rigidity (extrapyramidal syndrome or EPS). EPS were an unavoidable consequence of effective antipsychotic therapy. EPS reduce beneficial effects of antipsychotic treatment on the negative, cognitive, and mood symptom domains, while increasing the risk of tardive dyskinesia and reducing compliance. The purpose of this research was to analyze the percentage use of THP and the pattern of THP usage on schizophrenia patient which treated at Sambang Lihum Hospital. This retrospective observational study was conducted at an inpatient Sambang Lihum Hospital. This research were conducted to 264 medical records of patients period January 2013 to December 2013 which receive antipsychotics medication. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis. The result showed 94.32% (n=264) received THP. This research has shown the pattern of THP usage in Sambang Lihum Hospital which was to give THP directly to patients without EPS examination is 96.79% (n=249) and there are 15.66% (n=249) patients evaluated after 14 days after THP administered. Key Words: Schizophrenia, Trihexyphenidyl, EPS

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Jawanjal, Pradip M., Pritam B. Patil, Jayesh Patil, Mrunal Waghulde, and Jietndra B. Naik. "Development of Graphene Oxide-Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride Nanohybrid and Release behavior." Current Environmental Engineering 6, no. 2 (2019): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212717806666190313153239.

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Background: The demand of an efficient nanocarrier in drug delivery, graphene and its derivatives are emerging as a rising star due to its remarkable chemical and structural properties. Objective: Graphene oxide (GO) has high surface area and ability to load high amount of aromatic drugs. Hence, the objective of the research was to load Trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP), antiparkinsonian drug on GO ultrasonically by π-π stacking interaction. Methods: GO was synthesized by the modified Hummer method. The conjugation of GOTHP was generated by using Design-Expert Software and release study of GO-THP nanohybrids was performed in the dissolution tester by using a dialysis membrane. Results: By varying an amount of GO and THP, the effect on loading efficiency and drug release was studied. THP showed sustained release behavior with release efficiency of 89% to 98% over 8 h. GO-THP complex was characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, FESEM and XRD analysis. Conclusion: GO-THP complex showed better-sustained release of the drug and can be useful for the reduction dose frequency as well as adverse effect with better patient compliance.

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Vargas-Toscano, Andres, Dilaware Khan, Ann-Christin Nickel, et al. "Robot technology identifies a Parkinsonian therapeutics repurpose to target stem cells of glioblastoma." CNS Oncology 9, no. 2 (2020): CNS58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cns-2020-0004.

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Aim: Glioblastoma is a heterogeneous lethal disease, regulated by a stem-cell hierarchy and the neurotransmitter microenvironment. The identification of chemotherapies targeting individual cancer stem cells is a clinical need. Methodology: A robotic workstation was programmed to perform a drug concentration to cell-growth analysis on an in vitro model of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Mode-of-action analysis of the selected top substance was performed with manual repetition assays and acquisition of further parameters. Results: We identified 22 therapeutic potential substances. Three suggested a repurpose potential of neurotransmitter signal-modulating agents to target GSCs, out of which the Parkinson's therapeutic trihexyphenidyl was most effective. Manual repetition assays and initial mode of action characterization revealed suppression of cell proliferation, cell cycle and survival. Conclusion: Anti-neurotransmitter signaling directed therapy has potential to target GSCs. We established a drug testing facility that is able to define a mid-scale chemo responsome of in vitro cancer models, possibly also suitable for other cell systems.

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Sidharta, Emilia, Ivon Sindu Wijaya, and Hanny Cahyadi. "Confusion, difficulty concentrating, and slow response induced by ropinirole therapy in an elderly patient with secondary Parkinsonism: a case report." Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi 16, no. 2 (2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jif.vol16.iss2.art3.

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Background: Ropinirole is a therapy that is widely used in patients with Parkinson's disease or Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). Some research journals show that the long-term use of ropinirole can cause side effects. But unfortunately, there are no published studies from Indonesia that show the side effects of ropinirole.. Objective: To report a case of several side effects induced by ropinirole therapy Method : Assessment methods used were time series data collection followed by causality analysis using Naranjo Scale. Results: This case reports several side effects such as confusion, difficulty concentrating, and slow response experienced by a 75-year-old elderly patient who consumed ropinirole 2 mg as a therapy for Secondary Parkinsonism. Before using ropinirole, the patient had used levodopa-benserazide, trihexyphenidyl, and pramipexole to overcome Parkinson's for more than 3 years. During the period no side effects occurred. Side effects occurred after ropinirole therapy was given to patients. The analysis using Naranjo Scale shows a score of 6 which means Probable. Conclusion: The aim of this study is to raise awareness for health workers, especially pharmacists in order to increase alertness in patients using long-term medications such as those with Parkinson's. Keywords: side effect, secondary parkinsonism, ropinirole, elderly

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YOKOGAWA, KOICHI, EMI NAKASHIMA, FUJIO ICHIMURA, and TSUKINAKA YAMANA. "Simultaneous microdetermination of biperiden, haloperidol, and trihexyphenidyl in plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic analysis after concomitant intravenous administration of the drugs to rabbits." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 33, no. 10 (1985): 4581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.33.4581.

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Khalilova, N. Sh, N. V. Korableva, V. A. Vetrova, M. U. Abdullayeva, and Z. U. Usmonaliyeva. "EXPERT RESEARCH OF MICROQUANTITIES NARCOTIC, PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES AND PRECURSORS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 332–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.38.

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While investigating and prosecuting criminal cases related to illegal drug trade, psychotropic substances and precursors, microobjects found at the scene of crime, as well as on items related to a crime and its participants, assume ever greater evidentiary. In expert practice, narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances often appear as research objects, that are rarely individual compounds. At that greatest difficulties arise while research of substances that are multicomponent systems and mixtures containing a large number of impurity and ballast substances, as well as low concentrations of active substances. So it is difficult to identify the substance that served as the basis for developing a methodology for the investigation of microquantities of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors. Despite the fact that chromatographic analysis is the most common method for the analysis of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, currently due to high information content, sensitivity and selectivity in the world practice of forensic chemical and medical examination, methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detector (HPLC-MS) become one of the most widely used. The use of the HPLC-MS method is the most optimal while research on narcotic, psychotropic substances and precursors by reducing the time of sample preparation, since there is no need for the stage of reagents evaporation and receipt of derivatives, and also it is appear possible to identify non-volatile substances that cannot be analyzed by GC-MS. As a result of the performed researches a methods for the criminalistic research of microquantities of certain narcotic drugs (heroin, morphine, opium, methamphetamine, cocaine, etc.), psychotropic substances (clonidine, bromazepam, ketazolam, trihexyphenidyl, methaqualone, barbital, etc.), precursors (pseudoephedrine, ephedrine) and a poison such as scopolamine using GC-MS and HPLC-MS.

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Munjely, Elza Joy, Bindu Latha Nair R., and Varghese P. Punnoose. "Drug utilization pattern in Schizophrenia." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 7 (2019): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192652.

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Background: Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay of treatment in schizophrenia. The economic impact of this illness is wide ranging, long lasting and huge. The emergence of newer antipsychotics has changed the prescribing pattern. Purpose of this study is to determine the prescription pattern of antipsychotic drugs and to analyse the drug utilization in patients with schizophrenia based on WHO prescribing indicators.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted for a period of 1-year duration at inpatient Department of Psychiatry of a Government Medical College in Kerala, India among 230 schizophrenic patients. The case sheets of patients meeting inclusion criteria were scrutinised to find out the antipsychotic prescription pattern and drug utilization was analysed using WHO prescribing indicators. Analysis was done using descriptive statistics.Results: Newer antipsychotics (55.2%) were prescribed slightly more in preference to older antipsychotic (44.8%) drugs. Out of the newer drugs prescribed olanzapine (20.9%) was prescribed the most followed by risperidone (18%). Haloperidol (22.9%) was the most frequently prescribed older antipsychotic. Majority (71.3%) of the patients were given more than one antipsychotics during the hospital stay. Trihexyphenidyl (27.9%) was the most frequently co-prescribed drug with antipsychotics. Average number of drugs per encounter was 4.19, 73.4% of the drugs were prescribed in their generic name, 50.4% of the encounters were with an injection prescribed. 44.4%of the drugs were prescribed from the EDL (WHO-19th edition). Average drug cost per encounter was Rs.45.43. Percentage of drug cost spent on injections was 8.44%.Conclusions: Newer antipsychotics were more prescribed for schizophrenia of which olanzapine was the commonest. Newer antipsychotics are preferred because of their propensity to cause less side effects and more efficacy. Study of pattern of drug utilization is useful for measuring the economic impact of drug use among patients thereby facilitating rational prescribing.

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You, Peng, Julie Strychowsky, Karan Gandhi, and Breanna A. Chen. "Anticholinergic treatment for sialorrhea in children: A systematic review." Paediatrics & Child Health, August 27, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxab051.

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Abstract Background Sialorrhea in children can be associated with adverse physical and social effects. Treatment using anticholinergic medications has been shown to offer symptomatic relief, but there is no consensus regarding which treatment is the most efficacious. Objective To examine the effectiveness of anticholinergic medications for sialorrhea in children. Methods A systematic review was carried out in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and the Web of Science from inception until April 29, 2020. Studies reporting original data on the efficacy of anticholinergic medications in the management of sialorrhea in children aged 0 to 17 years of age were included. This review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standards. Data on study design, setting, population, pharmacologic intervention(s), comparator(s), outcomes, and results were extracted and summarized. Results The search strategy identified 2,800 studies of which 27 articles were included in the synthesis, including five randomized controlled trials. Each anticholinergic undergoing experimental study (glycopyrrolate, scopolamine/hyoscine, trihexyphenidyl/benzhexol, benztropine, and atropine) showed evidence of efficacy. Adverse side effects were common. Significant heterogeneity exists in the studies’ methodology and the variability of outcome measures used between studies precluded a meta-analysis. Conclusions Glycopyrrolate, scopolamine/hyoscine, trihexyphenidyl/benzhexol, benztropine, and atropine have all shown efficacy in the treatment of sialorrhea in children. The small number of reports and the variability in study design precluded a meta-analysis. More studies are needed with uniformity in outcome measures to help guide evidence-based decision making. A guidance table is presented.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trihexyphenidyl – analysis'

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