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1

Wu, Weifeng, Qi Wang, Zhao Zhang, Zhijun Wu, Xiaotian Yang, and Liangcong Xu. "Influence of evaporating rate on two-phase expansion in the piston expander with cyclone separator." Thermal Science 24, no. 3 Part B (2020): 2077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180903322w.

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The trilateral flash cycle shows a greater potentiality in moderate to low grade heat utilization systems due to its potentiality of obtaining high exergy efficiency, compared to the conventional thermodynamic cycles such as the organic Rankine cycles and the Kalina cycle. The main difference between the trilateral flash cycle and the conventional thermodynamic cycles is that the superheated vapor expansion process is replaced by the two-phase expansion process. The two-phase expansion process actually consists of a flashing of the inlet stream into a vapor and a liquid phase. Most simulations
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2

Iqbal, Md Arbab, Mahdi Ahmadi, Farah Melhem, Sohel Rana, Aliakbar Akbarzadeh, and Abhijit Date. "Power Generation from Low Grade Heat Using Trilateral Flash Cycle." Energy Procedia 110 (March 2017): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.174.

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3

Lai, Kai-Yuan, Yu-Tang Lee, Ta-Hua Lai, and Yao-Hsien Liu. "Using a Partially Evaporating Cycle to Improve the Volume Ratio Problem of the Trilateral Flash Cycle for Low-Grade Heat Recovery." Entropy 23, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050515.

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This study examined the trilateral flash cycle characteristics (TFC) and partially evaporating cycle (PEC) using a low-grade heat source at 80 °C. The evaporation temperature and mass flow rate of the working fluids and the expander inlet’s quality were optimized through pinch point observation. This can help advance methods in determining the best design points and their operating conditions. The results indicated the partially evaporating cycle could solve the high-volume ratio problem without sacrificing the net power and thermal efficiency performance. When the system operation’s saturatio
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4

Oreijah, Mowffaq, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadaha. "Comparison between Rankine Cycle and Trilateral Cycle in Binary System for Power Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.151.

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An experimental validation on laboratory scale has been conducted to investigate and to compare two thermodynamic cycles, Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The research covers the heat engine utilizing a hydrothermal resource to compare the performance of TFC and ORC. This research would help to analysis the thermal efficiency and power efficiency for both cycles. TFC shows a higher power production than in ORC for the same applied parameters. ORC, however, can be operated at lower rotational speed than for TFC. This project could help, also, to evaluate the current
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5

Smith, I. K. "Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System: Part 1: Fundamental Considerations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 207, no. 3 (August 1993): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_032_02.

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The world market for systems for power recovery from low-grade heat sources is of the order of £1 billion per annum. Many of these sources are hot liquids or gases from which conventional power systems convert less than 2.5 per cent of the available heat into useful power when the fluid is initially at a temperature of 100° C rising to 8–9 per cent at an initial temperature of 200°C. Consideration of the maximum work recoverable from such single-phase heat sources leads to the concept of an ideal trilateral cycle as the optimum means of power recovery. The trilateral flash cycle (TFC) system i
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6

Wang, Zhi Gang, Shan He, Jian Xin Li, and Guo Jun Song. "Modeling and Testing a Screw Expander Integrated into a Trilateral Flash Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.727.

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Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) is particularly suitable for recovering energy from low-grade heat source. This paper presented a new mathematical model for calculating the performance of a twin screw expander integrated into a TFC working with organic components. The geometric parameters related to the rotation angle of male rotor e.g. groove volume, suction and discharge port area, leakage area etc were used in the model. The combination effects of internal leakage through five paths, oil injection, gas-oil heat transfer and refrigerant property were taken into account. The sensitivity of singl
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7

HAYAKAWA, Yasuaki, Masataka WATANABE, Noboru YAMADA, and Shin-ichiro WAKASHIMA. "0320 Feasibility study of trilateral flash cycle for low-grade heat recovery." Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2012.49 (2012): 032001–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2012.49.032001.

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8

Iqbal, Md Arbab, Sohel Rana, Mahdi Ahmadi, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC): a promising thermodynamic cycle for low grade heat to power generation." Energy Procedia 160 (February 2019): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.138.

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9

Daniarta, Sindu, and Attila R. Imre. "Cold Energy Utilization in LNG Regasification System Using Organic Rankine Cycle and Trilateral Flash Cycle." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 4 (September 30, 2020): 342–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.16668.

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"Cold energy" refers to a potential to generate power by utilizing the exergy of cryogenic systems, like Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), using it as the cold side of a thermodynamic cycle, while the hot side can be even on the ambient temperature. For this purpose, the cryogenic Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is one type of promising solution with comprehensive benefits to generate electricity. The performance of this cycle depends on the applied working fluid. This paper focuses on the applicability of some natural working fluids and analyzes their performance upon cold energy utilization in the LN
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10

Md Arbab, Iqbal, Rana Sohel, Ahmadi Mahdi, Close Thomas, Date Abhijit, and Akbarzadeh Aliakbar. "Prospects of Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) for Power Generation from Low Grade Heat Sources." E3S Web of Conferences 64 (2018): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186406004.

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Despite the current energy crisis, a large amount of low grade heat (below 100oC) is being wasted for the lack of cost effective energy conversion technology. In the case of the conventional Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) based geothermal power stations, only about 20% of available heat can be utilised due to a technological limitation as there is a phase change in the working fluid involved during the addition of heat which decreases utilisation effectiveness of the system. Therefore, in this paper, a trilateral flash cycle (TFC) based system has been studied to find out its prospect for utilizi
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11

Imre, Attila R., and Axel Groniewsky. "Various Ways of Adiabatic Expansion in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and in Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC)." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1292.

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Abstract For energy production and conversion, the use of thermodynamic cycles is still the most common way. To find the optimal solution is a multiparametric optimization problem, where some parameters are related to thermodynamic and physical chemistry, while others are associated with costs, safety, or even environmental issues. Concerning the thermodynamic aspects of the design, the selection of the working fluid is one of the crucial points. Here, we are going to show different types of adiabatic expansion processes in various pure working fluids, pointing out the ones preferred in Organi
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12

Marchionni, Matteo, Giuseppe Bianchi, Savvas A. Tassou, Obadah Zaher, and Jeremy Miller. "Numerical investigations of a Trilateral Flash Cycle under system off-design operating conditions." Energy Procedia 161 (March 2019): 464–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.02.070.

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13

Li, Zhi, Yiji Lu, Yuqi Huang, Gao Qian, Fenfang Chen, Xiaoli Yu, and Anthony Roskilly. "Comparison study of Trilateral Rankine Cycle, Organic Flash Cycle and basic Organic Rankine Cycle for low grade heat recovery." Energy Procedia 142 (December 2017): 1441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.532.

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14

Lai, Kai-Yuan, Yu-Tang Lee, Miao-Ru Chen, and Yao-Hsien Liu. "Comparison of the Trilateral Flash Cycle and Rankine Cycle with Organic Fluid Using the Pinch Point Temperature." Entropy 21, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121197.

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Low-temperature heat utilization can be applied to waste heat from industrial processes or renewable energy sources such as geothermal and ocean energy. The most common low-temperature waste-heat recovery technology is the organic Rankine cycle (ORC). However, the phase change of ORC working fluid for the heat extraction process causes a pinch-point problem, and the heat recovery cannot be efficiently used. To improve heat extraction and power generation, this study explored the cycle characteristics of the trilateral flash cycle (TFC) in a low-temperature heat source. A pinch-point-based meth
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15

Bianchi, Giuseppe, Stuart Kennedy, Obadah Zaher, Savvas A. Tassou, Jeremy Miller, and Hussam Jouhara. "Numerical modeling of a two-phase twin-screw expander for Trilateral Flash Cycle applications." International Journal of Refrigeration 88 (April 2018): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2018.02.001.

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16

Ahmadi, Mahdi, Sara Vahaji, Md Arbab Iqbal, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Experimental study of converging-diverging nozzle to generate power by Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC)." Applied Thermal Engineering 147 (January 2019): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.116.

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17

Bianchi, Giuseppe, Stuart Kennedy, Obadah Zaher, Savvas A. Tassou, Jeremy Miller, and Hussam Jouhara. "Two-phase chamber modeling of a twin-screw expander for Trilateral Flash Cycle applications." Energy Procedia 129 (September 2017): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.208.

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18

Ahmadi, Mahdi, Ahmadreza Faghih Khorasani, Md Arbab Iqbal, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Experimental investigation of nozzle geometry effect on two-phase nozzle performance through trilateral flash cycle." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 20 (December 2020): 100676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100676.

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19

Smith, I. K., and R. Pitanga Marques da Silva. "Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System Part 2: Increasing Power Output with Working Fluid Mixtures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 208, no. 2 (May 1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_022_02.

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The trilateral flash cycle system is a proposed means of power recovery from single-phase low-grade heat sources. Its feasibility depends on the efficient adiabatic expansion of light hydrocarbons from the saturated liquid phase into the two-phase region. Such a process is performed most effectively with a Lysholm twin-screw expander when the exhausted vapour is wet. At higher temperatures, when multi-stage expansion is required, working fluids may be found which complete the process as dry saturated vapour. It is shown that at condensing temperatures of 0–50°C, this is possible with a mixture
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20

Ahmed, Aram Mohammed, László Kondor, and Attila R. Imre. "Thermodynamic Efficiency Maximum of Simple Organic Rankine Cycles." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020307.

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The increase of the maximal cycle temperature is considered as one of the best tools to increase cycle efficiency for all thermodynamic cycles, including Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). Technically, this can be done in various ways, but probably the best solution is the use of hybrid systems, i.e., using an added high-temperature heat source to the existing low-temperature heat source. Obviously, this kind of improvement has technical difficulties and added costs; therefore, the increase of efficiency by increasing the maximal temperature sometimes has technical and/or financial limits. In this
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21

Ahmed, Aram Mohammed, László Kondor, and Attila R. Imre. "Thermodynamic Efficiency Maximum of Simple Organic Rankine Cycles." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020307.

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The increase of the maximal cycle temperature is considered as one of the best tools to increase cycle efficiency for all thermodynamic cycles, including Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC). Technically, this can be done in various ways, but probably the best solution is the use of hybrid systems, i.e., using an added high-temperature heat source to the existing low-temperature heat source. Obviously, this kind of improvement has technical difficulties and added costs; therefore, the increase of efficiency by increasing the maximal temperature sometimes has technical and/or financial limits. In this
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22

Iqbal, Md Arbab, Sohel Rana, Mahdi Ahmadi, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Experimental study on the prospect of low-temperature heat to power generation using Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC)." Applied Thermal Engineering 172 (May 2020): 115139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115139.

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23

Ahmadi, Mahdi, Abhijit Date, Aliakbar Akbarzadeh, Shahin Heidari, Md Arbab Iqbal, and Farah Melhem. "Prospects of Power Generation from Low Grade Heat Resources through Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) Using Impulse Turbine." Energy Procedia 110 (March 2017): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.152.

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24

Smith, I. K., N. Stošič, and C. A. Aldis. "Development of the Trilateral Flash Cycle System: Part 3: The Design of High-Efficiency Two-Phase Screw Expanders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 210, no. 1 (February 1996): 75–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_010_02.

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An extensive research and development programme carried out at City University, London, has led to an improved level of understanding of how Lysholm twin screw machines may be used to recover power from two-phase flash expansion processes. The mode of operation of such machines is described together with the various types of rotor shapes used. Details are given of a computer simulation of the expansion process which was used to analyse 636 test results. These were obtained from earlier investigations as well as those of the authors and include three different working fluids, varying rotor prof
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25

Bianchi, Giuseppe, Rebecca McGinty, David Oliver, Derek Brightman, Obadah Zaher, Savvas A. Tassou, Jeremy Miller, and Hussam Jouhara. "Development and analysis of a packaged Trilateral Flash Cycle system for low grade heat to power conversion applications." Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 4 (December 2017): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2017.09.009.

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26

Date, Abhijit, Firoz Alam, Anna Khaghani, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Investigate the Potential of Using Trilateral Flash Cycle for Combined Desalination and Power Generation Integrated with Salinity Gradient Solar Ponds." Procedia Engineering 49 (2012): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.10.110.

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27

Baggley, C. R., and M. G. Read. "Investigation of a thermo-fluidic exchange pump in trilateral flash and organic Rankine cycles / trans. from Engl. M. A. Fedorova." Omsk Scientific Bulletin. Series Aviation-Rocket and Power Engineering 4, no. 4 (2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2588-0373-2020-4-4-66-74.

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It is well known that large amounts of energy loss occurs at low temperature states in a wide range of industrial processes., The recovery and reuse of this energy is at the forefront of increasing the overall efficiencies of industrial systems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of using a Thermo-Fluidic Exchange (TFE) pump at low temperature conditions in both a SaturatedVapour Organic Rankine Cycle (SORC) and a Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC). For some low temperature applications, TFCs have been shown to achieve higher net power output than conventional SORCs, due to th
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28

McGinty, Rebecca, Giuseppe Bianchi, Obadah Zaher, Steven Woolass, David Oliver, Christopher Williams, and Jeremy Miller. "Techno-economic survey and design of a pilot test rig for a trilateral flash cycle system in a steel production plant." Energy Procedia 123 (September 2017): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.242.

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29

Bianchi, Giuseppe, Matteo Marchionni, Stuart Kennedy, Jeremy Miller, and Savvas Tassou. "One-Dimensional Modelling of a Trilateral Flash Cycle System with Two-Phase Twin-Screw Expanders for Industrial Low-Grade Heat to Power Conversion." Designs 3, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3030041.

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This paper provides an overview of a one-dimensional modelling methodology for equipment and systems for heat to power conversion based on a staggered grid space discretization and implemented in the commercial software GT-SUITE®. Particular attention is given to a newly developed modelling procedure for twin-screw machines that is based on a chamber modelling approach and considers leakage paths between cells and with the casing. This methodology is then applied to a low-grade heat to power conversion system based on a Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) equipped with two parallel two-phase twin-scr
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30

Bianchi, Giuseppe, Matteo Marchionni, Jeremy Miller, and Savvas A. Tassou. "Modelling and off-design performance optimisation of a trilateral flash cycle system using two-phase twin-screw expanders with variable built-in volume ratio." Applied Thermal Engineering 179 (October 2020): 115671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115671.

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31

Read, MG, IK Smith, and N. Stosic. "Optimisation of power generation cycles using saturated liquid expansion to maximise heat recovery." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 1 (December 11, 2016): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916679202.

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The use of two-phase screw expanders in power generation cycles can achieve an increase in the utilisation of available energy from a low-temperature heat source when compared with more conventional single-phase turbines. The efficiency of screw expander machines is sensitive to expansion volume ratio, which, for given inlet and discharge pressures, increases as the expander inlet vapour dryness fraction decreases. For single-stage screw machines with low inlet dryness, this can lead to underexpansion of the working fluid and low isentropic efficiency. The cycle efficiency can potentially be i
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32

M. Oreijah, Mowffaq, and Mohammed Yunus. "A parametric analysis to evaluate the performance metrics of power generation system involving Trilateral Flash Cycle using three different working fluids for low grade waste heat." AIMS Energy 7, no. 4 (2019): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2019.4.483.

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33

Baggley, C. R., and M. G. Read. "Investigation of a Thermo-Fluidic Exchange Pump in Trilateral Flash and Organic Rankine Cycles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 604 (September 3, 2019): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/604/1/012087.

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34

Cipollone, Roberto, Giuseppe Bianchi, Marco Di Bartolomeo, Davide Di Battista, and Fabio Fatigati. "Low grade thermal recovery based on trilateral flash cycles using recent pure fluids and mixtures." Energy Procedia 123 (September 2017): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.246.

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35

Zeynali, Arezu, Ali Akbari, and Morteza Khalilian. "Investigation of the performance of modified organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) and modified trilateral flash cycles (TFCs) assisted by a solar pond." Solar Energy 182 (April 2019): 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.03.001.

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36

Mohammed Ahmed, Aram, and Attila R. Imre. "Effect of high temperatures on the efficiency of sub-critical CO2 cycle." Pollack Periodica, April 23, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2021.00310.

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AbstractThermodynamic efficiency is a crucial factor of a power cycle. Most of the studies indicated that efficiency increases with increasing heat source temperature, regardless of heat source type. Although this assumption generally is right, when the heat source temperature is close to the critical temperature, increasing the heat source temperature can decrease efficiency. Therefore, in some cases, the increase in the source temperature, like using improved or more collectors for a solar heat source can have a double negative effect by decreasing efficiency while increasing the installatio
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