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1
Brown, Kahlia. "A Brief History of Race, Politics and Division in Trinidad and Guyana." Caribbean Quilt 5 (May 19, 2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/caribbeanquilt.v5i0.34377.
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This essay will act as an analysis of the Indo-Afro racial politics of two west Indian countries: Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana. I will give the circumstances that led to the migration of large numbers of East Indians as indentured servants to Trinidad and Guyana, specifically. I will also explain how these conditions led to a distinct form of government and society. Through tables of electoral data in Trinidad, the racial voting patterns will be observed, and I will elaborate on how political parties do or do not pander to their respective racial communities. Finally, I will conclude by addressing how the racial divide in these two large Caribbean nations impact Caribbean regionalism on a larger scale.
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Joseph, Stephen. "The Politics of Education Reform: Practices That Militate Against Change in a Developing Country." International Journal of Educational Reform 29, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056787920917389.
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Utilizing a conceptual approach, this study explores several political factors that coalesced to paralyze secondary education reform initiatives in Trinidad and Tobago. It discusses how changes in government impact reform priorities, and examines key strategies for overcoming political obstacles. One such strategy is the application of incremental rather than synoptic approaches to education reform. While most education reforms occur as a result of political action, the paper concludes that politicians are the ones largely responsible for presenting political challenges that often result in aborted reform policies, which negatively impact the general quality of education in a developing country.
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Thoumi, Francisco E. "Thwarted Comparative Advantage, Economic Policy and Industrialization in the Dominican Republic and Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 31, no. 1-2 (1989): 147–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165915.
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Economic growth and government policies in small Caribbean countries have been conditioned (1) by the very large fluctuations in their external sector which continuously change the relative profitability of the various productive sectors of their economies, greatly complicating the macroeconomics management of their economies; (2) by the attempts of their governments to cope with those fluctuations; and (3) by the political economy relations that prevail in those countries, and that determine the nature of government intervention and the role of the private sector.
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Ramjit, Dana-Marie. "Exploring the Political Dynamics of Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Trinidad and Tobago From a Postinternational Framework." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 8, no. 2 (April 2021): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.2021040102.
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Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the state contribute considerably to the unique state of Caribbean politics, yet their relationship is turbulent, which prevents effective policymaking. Specifically, the problem this study addressed is the turbulent relationship between NGOs and the state in Trinidad and Tobago from a postinternational framework. The purpose of this research was to provide an explanation of the NGO-state relationship through the postinternational concepts of turbulence and distant proximities using a qualitative research approach.
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Schnepel, Ellen M. "East Indians in the Caribbean." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 73, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1999): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002579.
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[First paragraph]Transients to Settlers: The Experience of Indians in Jamaica 1845-J950. VERENE SHEPHERD. Leeds, U.K.: Peepal Tree Books, 1993. 281 pp. (Paper £12.95)Survivors of Another Crossing: A History of East Indians in Trinidad, 1880-1946. MARIANNE D. SOARES RAMESAR. St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: U.W.I. School of Continuing Education, 1994. xiii + 190 pp. (Paper n.p.)Les Indes Antillaises: Presence et situation des communautes indiennes en milieu caribeen. ROGER TOUMSON (ed.). Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994. 264 pp. (Paper 140.00 FF)Nation and Migration: The Politics of Space in the South Asian Diaspora. PETER VAN DER VEER (ed.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. vi + 256 pp. (Cloth US$ 39.95, Paper US$ 17.95)In the decade since 1988, Caribbean nations with Indian communities have commemorated the 150th anniversary of the arrival of East Indians to the West Indies. These celebrations are part of local revitalization movements of Indian culture and identity stretching from the French departement of Guadeloupe in the Windward Islands to Trinidad and Guyana in the south. Political changes have mirrored the cultural revival in the region. While the debate so often in the past centered on the legitimacy of East Indian claims to local nationality in these societies where African or Creole cultures dominate, in the 1990s leaders of Indian descent were elected heads of government in the two Caribbean nations with the most populous East Indian communities: Cheddi Jagan as President of Guyana in October 1992 (after a 28-year hiatus) and Basdeo Panday as Prime Minister of Trinidad in November 1995. Both men have long been associated with their respective countries' struggles for economic, political, and social equality. Outside the region during the summer of 1997, fiftieth-anniversary celebrations marking the independence of India and Pakistan from Britain confirmed that Indo chic — or "Indofrenzy" as anthropologist Arjun Appadurai calls it (Sengupta 1997:13) - has captured the American imagination with the new popularity of literature, art, and film emanating from India and its diaspora.
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Rudder, Adam. "Limits to Recognition: The Trinidadian State and Its Indigenous Population." Caribbean Quilt 6, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i2.36951.
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One prevalent issue regarding the enfranchisement of Indigenous communities within the politics of the Caribbean includes the idea that such communities cease to exist. Though the impact of European colonization in the region proved to be destructive to Indigenous ways of life, this impact was far from exterminatory, and Caribbean govern- ments and authorities who argue the contrary base their testimony upon groundless claims. This paper analyses the actions of Trinidad and Tobago’s post-independence government in curating a nationalist discourse based on the histories of its Afro-Creole population, and how that discourse was ultimately founded on a complete disregard for the country’s Indigenous population. The paper first delves into the colonial extinction narratives that have served to restrain Trinidad’s Indigenous community, then it investi- gates various biological and historical evidence that prove Indigenous diffusion beyond the limits outlined in extinction narratives. Finally, Trinidad’s Afro-Creole-based nation- alism is explored to gain insight on how such an ethnically-driven nationalism has hindered the concerns of Trinidad’s overall Indigenous community.
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Panneerselvam, A. "Evaluating the Efficacy of India's Coalition Governments." Journal of Language and Linguistics in Society, no. 11 (September 22, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jlls.11.21.28.
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Nowadays, alliance is typical in many regions of the planet. The Nordic Countries, the Benelux Countries, Australia, Austria, Germany, Italy, Japan, Turkey, Israel, New Zealand, Kosovo, Pakistan, Kenya, India, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, and Ukraine are instances of nations that regularly have coalition governments. Other countries that have frequent coalition governments include the countries of the Benelux and Germany. Since 1959 until 2008, Switzerland was led by a coalition government consisting of the four parties who held the most parliamentary seats. The fact that India opted for democracy and that we have been working toward maintaining a robust democratic system for almost 75 years now counts as a significant accomplishment. In India, the study of coalitions is still in its very early stages and is a relatively new field of academic endeavour. Nevertheless, it might turn out to be of tremendous significance for our nation. The development of democracy must necessarily progress through this stage of coalition building. They might represent a logical step in the process of transitioning from a multi-party system to a bi-party system in India, which is a country that has more than a hundred different political parties. In this study, several aspects of coalition governments and the history of coalition governance in India are examined and discussed. In order to arrive at a conclusion, the research used both historical and descriptive methods. In this study, a substantial amount of time was spent using a thematic software programme to analyze the qualitative data, which consisted of information obtained from secondary sources.
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Smyth, Dion. "Politics and palliative care: Trinidad and Tobago." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 21, no. 10 (October 2, 2015): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2015.21.10.518.
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Bell, Joanna. "THE PRIVY COUNCIL AND THE DOCTRINE OF LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS MEET AGAIN." Cambridge Law Journal 75, no. 3 (November 2016): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197316000684.
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UNITED Policyholder Group v Attorney General for Trinidad and Tobago [2016] UKPC 17 provided the Privy Council with its second opportunity in recent years to consider the doctrine of legitimate expectations (the first being Paponette v Attorney General of Trinidad and Tobago [2010] UKPC 32; [2012] 1 A.C. 1). The appellants were a group of individuals who held policies in a company known as the Colonial Life Insurance Company (CLICO). On learning in 2009 that CLICO was in serious financial difficulty, the then Government of Trinidad and Tobago had publicly issued a number of assurances to the effect that it would undertake a vast restructuring programme in order to ensure that CLICO's contractual liabilities to such policyholders were fulfilled. Following its election in 2010, the new Government changed direction; it found that CLICO's financial difficulties were much graver than had been originally anticipated and, accordingly, determined that the Government would take a different course with the consequence that CLICO's liabilities would be fulfilled to a less generous degree than originally represented.
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Rudder, Marc M. R. "A Decision-making Process for the Election of a Tier II Oil Spill Response Mechanism." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.31.
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ABSTRACT Trinidad and Tobago has been involved in the oil industry for quite some time now. This twin-island Caribbean state recently celebrated 100 years of commercial oil production. The first Trinidad oil well was drilled in 1857, two years before the Drake well in Pennsylvania. With respect to oil spills, the largest vessel-related oil spill took place just off Tobago in 1979 as a result of a collision between two Very Large Crude Carriers. Fortunately, the first National Oil Spill Contingency Plan (NOSCP) was developed just two years prior and its activation assisted with Tier III management of this incident. This history surely warrants a robust in-country system for preparedness and response to oil spill events. The 1977 NOSCP instituted a system for the management of Tier II incidents based on assignment of Marine Areas of responsibility to oil companies and the Coast Guard. However, with the proliferation of operators since 1977, this system proved to be unsustainable. Alternative systems were evaluated in 2009 based on an environmental assessment tool known as Multi Attribute Utility Theory that enabled a level of objectivity. The process culminated with a recommendation of two possible systems that would be favorable to the Trinidad and Tobago context. One system was a Tier II system operated and controlled primarily by the Government and the other was a system operated by the oil and gas companies operating in Trinidad and Tobago. In the final analysis, and with counsel, the operator-led system was chosen as the most suitable system for Trinidad and Tobago. This upgraded Tier II system was incorporated in the revised Trinidad and Tobago NOSCP which was approved by Cabinet on January 31, 2013. This paper will present the process of decision-making employed in this matter by a committee composed of Government and energy sector companies in order to enable other countries in the Caribbean and beyond to employ a useful environmental assessment tool to assist in their own decision-making processes.
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Monteil, René Leon. "Constitution reform for responsible government in Trinidad and Tobago." Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal 15, no. 2 (July 3, 2015): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14729342.2016.1173351.
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Oudan, Rodney, and Augustus N. Luparelli. "Marketing And Growth Strategies For Emerging Economies: A Case-Study Of Trinidad And Tobago." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i10.5983.
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The intent of this study is to examine the marketing concepts and issues affecting economic development in Trinidad and Tobago as an emerging market. A careful review of literature, combined with the researchers personal experience, produced this article demonstrating how marketing can assist economic development in the Trinidad and Tobago economy. The author draws mainly on personal experience and a theoretical framework to show the nature of business practice in Trinidad and Tobago and how changing economic factors have caused the economy to place some emphasis on marketing. This article highlights the benefits to be derived from changing from a production concept to marketing concept and a market-driven economy. Attention is given to three main sectors in the economy; namely, the government, multinational companies and indigenous marketers. The study outlines a marketing-oriented program undertaken by the government to promote economic development and incentives which are being offered to help stimulate marketing in the private sector. It indicates the extent of government involvement with multinationals and shows the advantages of this type of investment. The study concludes that marketing will have to play a much greater role in business activities, especially as an orientation for growth, innovation and future development.
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Meighoo, Kirk. "Ethnic Mobilisation vs. Ethnic Politics: Understanding Ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago Politics." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 46, no. 1 (February 2008): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662040701838068.
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Francis, Brian M., and Kimberly Waithe. "Financial Liberalisation in Trinidad and Tobago." Global Economy Journal 13, no. 03n04 (December 2013): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2013-0034.
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This study analyses financial liberalisation in Trinidad and Tobago within the context of the McKinnon–Shaw model. The broad objective of this article is to empirically investigate the validity of both the McKinnon complementarity hypothesis and the Shaw debt intermediation model in relation to Trinidad and Tobago. These two models purport that persuasive government intervention and involvement in the financial system through the regulatory and supervisory network, particularly in controlling interest rates and allocation of credit, tend to distort financial markets. Therefore, by the removal of administrative controls on the assets portfolio and pricing behaviour of financial institutions, interest rates will rise to levels that will result not only in increased savings and loanable funds but also in a more efficient allocation of these funds, providing, in turn, stimuli for economic growth. Utilising the cointegration approach, the empirical analysis is conducted with annual data from 1970 to 2001. The empirical results support both the McKinnon complementarity hypothesis and the Shaw debt intermediation hypothesis in the long run. That is to say, real interest rates have a significant influence on savings in the long run. However, the results indicate that the real interest rate plays an insignificant role in the Error Correction Model in the short run for both the McKinnon and Shaw theories. Hence, this article provides empirical validity for the McKinnon–Shaw financial liberalisation theory in Trinidad and Tobago over the long run. Thus policy makers should take explicit account of this result in the formulation of financial policy. The sustainability of this policy, however, depends on the appropriateness of other fiscal, monetary incomes and exchange rate policies.
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Kosmynka, Stanisław. "Zwalczanie przestępczości w Republice Trynidadu i Tobago." Ameryka Łacińska. Kwartalnik analityczno-informacyjny, no. 107 (July 28, 2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36551/20811152.2020.107.03.
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The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the phenomenon of criminal gangs in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. It shows mechanisms and manifestations of their activities in these small Caribbean islands as well as the social profile of their members. The article analyses the cultural, social and economic background of the criminal groups and the multidimensional problem of violence in Trinidad and Tobago. The article refers to different aspects of strategy against crime and violence. It shows the most important programes and initiatives implemented by the Trinidadian government and non-governmental organizations now and in the past to face these challenges and create the effective crime prevention.
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Khan, Zaffar, Kathryn Siriram, and Kyren Greigg. "Fiscal incentives promoting REEE measures in Trinidad and Tobago." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 3 (July 29, 2014): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-06-2014-0013.
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Purpose – Dependence on foreign energy supplies have resulted in some islands successfully harnessing alternative and renewable energy (RE) sources in order to provide a small degree of self-sufficiency. However, the development of Trinidad and Tobago's (T&T's) RE industry has stagnated largely due to the existence of substantial energy subsidies, which present cheap fuel and electricity prices thus providing a disincentive to RE investment. The purpose of this paper is to seek to re-enforce the necessity for an indissoluble government intervention in the establishment of well-designed, coordinated and innovative public-private partnerships for a successful RE industry in T&T. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a review of relevant social and economic literary sources; the research topic has been meticulously investigated. Findings – Initial outcomes indicate that the principal facilitators of RE proliferation in the Caribbean, and more so T&T, will require: gradual reduction of the energy subsidy; declining project costs via fiscal incentives and grant financing; expectation of beneficial rates of return on investment through the guarantee of optimal prices for renewable electricity or the revenue gained from the sale of carbon credits; and capacity building, institutional strengthening and implementation of appropriate legislative and regulatory instruments which provide open access to the national grid. Research limitations/implications – With the exception of T&T, Caribbean nations are heavily dependent on oil and gas imports to meet their primary energy requirements. The investigation conducted has limited documentation on cases of a similar nature within the region. The outcome of the steps identified above are based on conjecture using information gained from international situations. Practical implications – The study helps clarify the crucial role of T&T's government in the successful development of the RE industry. Resources and earnings should be used to develop T&T's infant RE industry and hence reduce the carbon footprint of the nation. Originality/value – Past attempts by the government to promote RE an energy efficiency in T&T have been passive and prevaricated. In addition to outlining the existing fiscal initiatives available to the population, this paper provides short-, medium- and long-term recommendations for the sustainability of RE in T&T. While subsidy reform, among others, poses a challenge it is nonetheless imperative if T&T is to move forward. With the abundance of solar, wind and waste-to-energy resources there is great potential for a successful RE industry in T&T. More than just policy will be required to drive change; greater commitment by the government to ensure the sustainability and economic viability of T&T while also attempting to alter the mindset of the citizenry to act as effective stewards of the island's resources for the well-being of future generations.
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Brereton, Bridget. "Contesting the Past: Narratives of Trinidad & Tobago history." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 81, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2007): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-90002480.
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Discusses the national narratives developed historically in Trinidad and Tobago. Author describes how the past has been interpreted differently, for different purposes, and by different ethnic groups. She first pays attention to 2 hegemonic historical narratives during the colonial era: the British imperial historical narrative and the French Creole one, associated with political and/or planter elites. Next, she discusses how since the mid-20th c. the anticolonial, nationalist movement responded to this, including academics, resulting in the Eric Williams-led Afro-Creole narrative, dominant in the decades since the 1961 independence, connecting Trinidad as a nation with African-descended Creoles. Further, she highlights challenges to the dominant Afro-Creole narrative, mainly since the 1970s, emerging partly in the domain of "public history", and mostly ethnicity-based. She discusses the politics of (Amerindian) indigeneity in Trinidad, the Tobago narrative, related to its distinct history, the Afrocentric narrative, and the Indocentric narrative, the latter including a more recent extreme Hinducentric narrative. Author points out that the Afro-Creole master narrative, and subsequent (ethnic) counternarratives eclipsed (at least academically) increasing class-based, or gendered historical narratives.
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Brereton, Bridget. "Contesting the Past: Narratives of Trinidad & Tobago history." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 81, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2008): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002480.
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Discusses the national narratives developed historically in Trinidad and Tobago. Author describes how the past has been interpreted differently, for different purposes, and by different ethnic groups. She first pays attention to 2 hegemonic historical narratives during the colonial era: the British imperial historical narrative and the French Creole one, associated with political and/or planter elites. Next, she discusses how since the mid-20th c. the anticolonial, nationalist movement responded to this, including academics, resulting in the Eric Williams-led Afro-Creole narrative, dominant in the decades since the 1961 independence, connecting Trinidad as a nation with African-descended Creoles. Further, she highlights challenges to the dominant Afro-Creole narrative, mainly since the 1970s, emerging partly in the domain of "public history", and mostly ethnicity-based. She discusses the politics of (Amerindian) indigeneity in Trinidad, the Tobago narrative, related to its distinct history, the Afrocentric narrative, and the Indocentric narrative, the latter including a more recent extreme Hinducentric narrative. Author points out that the Afro-Creole master narrative, and subsequent (ethnic) counternarratives eclipsed (at least academically) increasing class-based, or gendered historical narratives.
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Tompkins, Emma, W. Neil Adger, and Katrina Brown. "Institutional Networks for Inclusive Coastal Management in Trinidad and Tobago." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 6 (June 2002): 1095–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a34213.
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The authors consider the role of institutional networks in integrated and inclusive coastal-zone management in Trinidad and Tobago. Drawing on theories of social institutions, a framework for understanding the institutional prerequisites for participatory management is developed. In this framework, distinction is made between institutions at the community, formal-organisational, and national regulatory levels and the means by which institutions adapt to and learn about new issues in terms of networks of dependence and exchange are characterised. The immediate networks between actors (their spaces of dependence) are augmented by wider networks between institutions at various scales (their spaces of exchange). This framework is applied to a case study of resource management in Trinidad and Tobago. Semistructured interviews with key government urban and economic planners, fisheries regulators, and other agents in Trinidad and Tobago, and a participatory workshop for resource managers, are used to identify the perceived opportunities and constraints relating to integrated and inclusive resource management within the social institutions. The findings are analysed through an exploration of the spaces of dependence and exchange that exist in the various social networks at the different institutional scales. The prescriptive relevance of this approach is in the demonstration of the nature of change required in social institutions at all scales to facilitate integrated and inclusive resource management.
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John, Arielle, and Virgil Henry Storr. "Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurship in Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 12, no. 5 (November 6, 2018): 582–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-05-2018-0034.
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PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the possibility that the same cultural and/or institutional environment can differentially affect each of the two moments of entrepreneurship – opportunity identification and opportunity exploitation. It is possible that the cultural and institutional environment in a particular place may encourage opportunity identification, but discourage opportunity exploitation, or vice versa. Specifically, this paper argues that understanding entrepreneurship in Trinidad and Tobago requires that we focus on how Trinidadian culture and institutions differentially affect both moments of entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachTo examine how Trinidad and Tobago’s culture and institutions affect entrepreneurial opportunity identification and exploitation in that country, the paper uses a qualitative approach. In total, 25 subjects agreed to interviews, conducted in July and August 2009 in Trinidad. The questions were geared at understanding attitudes toward work and entrepreneurship in Trinidad, and how politics, culture and ethnicity interacted with those attitudes. The paper also examined institutional indicators from the Economic Freedom of the World: 2013 Annual Report and the World Bank’s 2016 Doing Business Report.FindingsThe research identified features of the cultural and institutional environment in Trinidad and Tobago that help to explain why opportunity identification is relatively common among all ethnic groups there, but why opportunity exploitation appears relatively suppressed among African–Trinidadians. In particular, the research finds that the inheritance of British institutions, a post-colonial political culture, a post-colonial business culture and ethnically based social networks all have positive and negative influences on each moment of entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research would involve an analysis of a wider set of both formal and informal entrepreneurial activities in Trinidad and Tobago, across industries and periods.Practical implicationsThis paper has implications for understanding the complex nature of entrepreneurship, which many policymakers try to encourage, but which is shaped by deep cultural and historical factors, and also indirectly influenced by state policies and laws.Social implicationsEthnic patterns in entrepreneurship shape the way groups see themselves and others.Originality/valueWhile authors writing about opportunity recognition/identification and opportunity exploitation have captured the important dimensions of entrepreneurship, they underestimate the possibility of a disconnect between entrepreneurial identification and exploitation. Focusing on instances where the disconnect exists allows us to move away from characterizations of cultures as progress-prone or progress-resistant, and instead allows us to focus on these gaps between identifying and exploiting entrepreneurship across cultures.
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Perry, Keston K. "The Dynamics of Industrial Development in a Resource-Rich Developing Society: A Political Economy Analysis." Journal of Developing Societies 34, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 264–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x18786136.
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This article criticizes the resource curse thesis for neglecting the interplay of international factors and domestic politics, that is the political settlement, in explaining industrial performance in a resource-dependent society – Trinidad and Tobago. Using political settlement, analysis secondary as well as interview data, it examines the dynamics at the macro and sectoral levels in iron and steel and telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago. The historical evidence reveals that anti-colonial mobilizations spurred critical public investments in developmental institutions and industrial projects responsible for improving the country’s productive base and technological capability in the post- Black Power period. These investments were bolstered by a favorable geopolitical climate and the 1973 commodity boom. Sectoral case studies reveal how shifts in the country’s political settlement affected late-industrializing accumulation of accumulation technological capabilities. Hereafter neoliberal policies facilitated an increased role for external actors in economic policy and ethnic-based clientelism within the political economy.
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Greer, Aaron Andrew. "Fast Food Nationalism: Culinary Politics and Post-colonial Imaginaries in Trinidad and Tobago." Sociology and Anthropology 4, no. 2 (February 2016): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/sa.2016.040207.
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Oddleifson, Evan. "The Effects of Modern Data Analytics in Electoral Politics." Political Science Undergraduate Review 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur130.
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New implementations of data analytical processes in democratic politics deeply affect voter-representative relationships and constitute a substantive challenge to voter agency. This paper examines the effects of social media driven data analytics on voter microtargeting and electoral politics using Cambridge Analytica’s (CA) involvement in the 2016 US Presidential election and the 2010 Trinidad and Tobago General election. It finds that data-driven voter targeting strategies developed by Cambridge Analytica from 2014-2015 are substantially more effective than previously employed strategies. Moreover, these strategies undermine rational choice and consequently impede a country's ability to conduct democratic politics.
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Kale, Madhavi. "“Capital Spectacles in British Frames”: Capital, Empire and Indian Indentured Migration to the British Caribbean." International Review of Social History 41, S4 (December 1996): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114294.
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As “They Came in Ships” by the Guyanese poet Mahadai Das suggests, scholarship on indentured immigration is not an exclusively academic concern in Caribbean countries with sizeable Indian populations. An international conference on Indian diaspora held recently at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, was not only covered by national news media, but also attended by Trinidadians (almost exclusively of Indian descent) unattached to the university, some of whom also contributed papers, helped to organize and run it. In Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago, contestations over national identities are grounded in and self-consciously refer to a shared historical archive. This includes conventional, written material such as colonial administration records, newspapers, travelogues, and memoirs that reflect the concerns of privileged observers: government officials, reporters and editors, missionaries, labour activists, historians, anthropologists. It also includes memories and accounts of personal and group experiences by others in these societies, transmitted orally or through other popular media, and they all simultaneously and unevenly undermine as well as authorize each other.
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Hsu, M. J., and G. Agoramoorthy. "Conservation status of primates in Trinidad, West Indies." Oryx 30, no. 4 (October 1996): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021785.
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This paper presents the results of surveys conducted in 1994 to establish the population size and density, and conservation status of red howler monkeys Alouatta seniculus insulanus and white-fronted capuchin monkeys Cebus albifrons trinitatis in the Trinity Hills, Bush-Bush and Central Range Wildlife Sanctuaries of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies. Populations of the red howler and capuchin monkey have declined by about 25 per cent in Bush-Bush Wildlife Sanctuary over the past 25 years. This decrease was attributed to intensive hunting pressure and habitat destruction. These factors have also caused monkey population declines in the Trinity Hills and Central Range Wildlife Sanctuaries. Recommendations are presented for the local government to enhance the protection of wild monkeys and their habitats in Trinidad.
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London, Norrel A. "Socio-Politics in Effective Curriculum Change in a Less Developed Country: Trinidad and Tobago." Curriculum Inquiry 27, no. 1 (January 1997): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0362-6784.00037.
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London, Norrel A. "Socio-Politics in Effective Curriculum Change in a Less Developed Country: Trinidad and Tobago." Curriculum Inquiry 27, no. 1 (January 1997): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03626784.1997.11075481.
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Conrad, Daren, and Jaymieon Jagessar. "Real Exchange Rate Misalignment and Economic Growth: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago." Economies 6, no. 4 (September 21, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6040052.
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Empirical studies outline developing countries’ experience economic growth through an undervalued exchange rate and that exchange rate overvaluations have negative long term effects on economic growth. This paper examined the impact of exchange rate movements as well as exchange rate misalignments on economic growth for the Trinidad and Tobago economy over the period 1960 to 2016. We find statistically significant evidence that both exchange rate appreciation and misalignments impact negatively on economic growth in the T&T economy. Drilling deeper, we find interestingly that there exist no non-linear effects of exchange rate misalignments on growth. Specifically, we find statistically significant evidence that both overvaluations and under valuations hamper economic growth in the Trinidad and Tobago economy. We attribute this to T&T’s small and underdeveloped manufacturing sector that tends to be overlooked on account of its energy resources, in addition to the fact that its manufacturing sector is highly import oriented. A major policy recommendation would be for the critical reassessment of the rules governing the Heritage and Stabilization Fund (HSF), as government expenditure was allowed to follow energy revenues due to its current limitations.
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Nathai-Balkissoon, Marcia, and Kit Fai Pun. "OSH at Trinidad and Tobago's Fingertips." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2016070104.
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As Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) embraces the digital age, one field in which the country must advance is Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). This paper seeks to identify how T&T's Occupational Safety and Health Agency (TTOSHA) addresses e-government (e-gov) through its website, how its approach compares to those used by leading OSH bodies in two first-world countries, the USA (US) and the UK, and how the T&T approach may be improved. The OSH e-gov practices of the US OSHA, UK HSE, and TTOSHA websites are presented. Through a content analysis and comparison exercise, e-gov shortcomings of the TTOSHA site are noted and recommendations for improvement are proposed. The paper's potential benefits include improved accessibility and utility of the TTOSHA site through improved matching of site content to international practice, broader ranges of resource topics and media types, improved responsiveness and connectivity with stakeholders, and better focus on OSH performance through the dissemination of searchable OSH statistics and performance reports.
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Shah, Niles, Ali, Surroop, and Jaggeshar. "Plastics Waste Metabolism in a Petro-Island State: Towards Solving a “Wicked Problem” in Trinidad and Tobago." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 6580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236580.
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Island systems have limited geographical, ecological, and social capacity to metabolize waste materials produced by the economic activities of their growing populations. Conceptualized as a ‘wicked problem’, the faults and weaknesses in waste management systems on islands continue to cause acute and cumulative ecological and human health impacts. Trinidad and Tobago is one such island jurisdiction grappling with this situation, particularly being a petroleum-dependent economy. Through the lens of neo-institutional theory, this case study of waste management in Trinidad and Tobago unpacks the efforts, reactions, drivers and circumstances that have led to various successes and failures but no definitive solutions over time, especially regarding plastics and packaging materials. We identify three temporal phases of policy evolution that have altered the waste metabolism trajectory to date: (1) government led patriarchal approach of traditional landfilling combined with behavioral change campaigns to reduce, reuse, and recycle, (2) to a more democratic, shared burden, public-private partnership approach combined with attempts at incentive-based regulations, (3) to the present, more private sector-led voluntary bans on production and use of plastics. This study contributes to our understanding of the institutional factors that shape the search for solutions to the wicked problem of island waste metabolism.
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Allen, Mark, and Robert Dibie. "Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Occupational Safety and Health Policy in three Industries in Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i4.15606.
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This paper investigates the effectiveness of the occupational safety and health (OSH) policy in the construction, manufacturing, and petrochemical industries in Trinidad and Tobago since it was enacted in 2006 up until 2017. Existing literature copiously reports on the degraded levels of occupational safety and health (OSH) in developing countries and recommends the adoption of integrated approaches to workers’ health protection. Although this assertion may be correct for some Caribbean countries it might not be true for all. This paper argues that inadequate enforcement of the OSH policy, oversight, and accountability strongly suggests that the Government of Trinidad and Tobago is not serious about its OSH policy. The data for this paper were derived through interviews and questionnaire research instruments. The result of the research found that there has been limited gains and few positive policy outcomes. This is because the OSH Agency does not pursue a coordinated policy implementation initiative, and this shortcoming has contributed negatively to the underlying and persistent absence of employers’ commitment to complying with the national OSH policy. It is prudent and urgent that a re-energized and creative approach to policy implementation be adopted, and that essential tools, resources, strategic direction and executive oversight are provided to ensure sustenance and success of this important change-management process.
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Hezekiah, Jocelyn A. "The Development of Health Care Policies in Trinidad and Tobago: Autonomy or Domination?" International Journal of Health Services 19, no. 1 (January 1989): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vq42-mybv-ctfa-ec0w.
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This article is part of a study that described and analyzed the development of nursing education in Trinidad and Tobago from self-government in 1956 to 1986, with special emphasis on the forces that helped to shape the society from colonial times, and consequently, nursing education. Adaptation and application of major concepts from theories of underdevelopment and development and colonialism formed the basis of the study's theoretical framework. The article focuses on the impact of the metropolitan countries on the development of health care policies. Because of the nation's historical legacy of colonialism and its current linkages with the United States and Canada, a major area fundamental to the analysis was to determine whether those two countries had superseded traditional British influences in determining health care policies. This raised the issue of whether or not health care policies could be autonomously developed to meet the needs of the people.
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Babwah, Terence J., Rohan G. Maharaj, and Paula Nunes. "Energy drinks and other dietary supplement use among adolescents attending secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 10 (January 7, 2014): 2156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003339.
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AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practices among Trinidad and Tobago school-attending adolescents towards energy drinks (ED), alcohol combined with energy drinks (AwED), weight-altering supplements (WAS) and vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and their experience of adverse effects associated with such use.DesignA cross-sectional, proportionate, stratified sampling strategy was adopted using a self-administered, de novo questionnaire.SettingSecondary schools throughout Trinidad and Tobago.SubjectsStudents aged 15–19 years.ResultsFive hundred and sixty-one students participated, an 84 % response rate; 43·0 % were male, 40·5 % East Indian and 34·1 % mixed race. VMS, ED, WAS and anabolic steroids were used by 52·4 %, 44·0 %, 8·9 % and 1·4 % of students, respectively, with 51·6 % of ED users using AwED. Predictors of use of AwED were males and students who played sport for their school (OR = 1·9; 95 % CI 1·2, 3·2 and OR = 2·6; 95 % CI 1·4, 4·7, respectively). Predictors of ED use were males and attendees of government secondary schools (OR = 1·7; 95 % CI 1·1, 2·4 and OR = 1·7; 95 % CI 1·2, 2·4, respectively). Side-effects, mainly palpitations, headaches and sleep disturbances, were reported in 20·7 % of dietary supplement users.ConclusionsMany adolescent students in Trinidad and Tobago use dietary supplements, including ED and AwED, and about one-fifth of users experience side-effects. Identification of students at risk for ED, AwED and WAS use and education of students about the dangers of using dietary supplements need to be instituted to prevent potential adverse events.
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Al-Tahir, Raid, and Giatri K. Lalla. "Assessment of the Emerging Landscape of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Trinidad and Tobago." West Indian Journal of Engineering 44, no. 1 (July 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/mtnv5056.
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Interest in the civilian applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) has been growing worldwide, especially in government and commercial tasks such as surveillance, search and rescue, inspection of infrastructure, agriculture, mining, and mapping. Likewise, Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) has been witnessing a growing interest and application of commercial and non-commercial UAS operations. However, there is little assessment for the growth of the UAS market nor is there characterisation of UAS-based activities since the pertinent regulations established in 2016. This study seeks to formally identify the emerging UAS landscape in T&T during the period 2015 to 2019. As such, this study maps and characterises the spatial and temporal patterns of UAS distribution, then appraises the various categories for the existing operations. To achieve these goals, this study utilised qualitative and quantitative techniques of Geoinformatics. The intent for this study is to provide a perspective on the growth and the implications of the UAS industry in T&T, and to guide strategic planning among organisations with a stake in the emergence of UAS into civil airspace.
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Roach, Charlene M. L., and Gloria Davis-Cooper. "An Evaluation of the Adoption of the Integrated Human Resource Information System in Trinidad and Tobago." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2016070101.
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The study explores factors that contributed to policy adoption of an HRIS in Trinidad and Tobago using the TOE TRIAD Model. It is significant as it contributes to the body of knowledge on innovation adoption in e-government and strategic human resource management approaches. The study is based in the Caribbean and provides insights into initiatives that developing countries are implementing within e-government in public organizations. Major findings indicated that there was a complex interaction of technological, organizational and environmental (TOE) factors which interacted. The confluence of factors produced impacts that were variable, dynamic and unpredictable. This approach in the TT public service brought about significant changes in processes and functions within human resource management. Future trends may continue and this study serves to guide policy makers in evaluating and monitoring how adoption policies are framed and future implications that may be learned as a result of this formative HRIS initiative.
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Ragoonath, Bishnu. "Shifting Nature of Decentralisation: A Review of the Evolution of Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago." Indian Journal of Public Administration 39, no. 4 (October 1993): 685–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119930405.
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Mohammed, Asad. "Problems in translating NGO successes into government settlement policy: illustrations from Trinidad and Tobago and Jamaica." Environment and Urbanization 9, no. 2 (October 1997): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624789700900211.
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Sanatan, Amílcar. "High Time to Break Up the Boys’ Club: The Gendered Politics of Spoken Word and Open Mic Spaces in Trinidad and Tobago." Caribbean Journal of Education 43, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46425/c074301x535.
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The increased visibility of spoken word in media, public campaigns, and literary festivals demands critical attention to the social organisation of the art form, movement, and space. This paper explores the gendered politics of spoken word and open mic spaces in Trinidad and Tobago since 2000. Based on semi-structured interviews with spoken word poets and open mic organisers, this article discusses the unequal gender power relations between male and female spoken word poets in open mic events. I argue that unredressed gender stereotypes and male privilege contextually marginalise female spoken word poets and maintain the posture of “power” for male spoken word poets and organisers in the movement.
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Gulliford, MC, D. Mahabir, B. Rocke, S. Chinn, and RJ Rona. "Free school meals and children's social and nutritional status in Trinidad and Tobago." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 5 (October 2002): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2002330.
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AbstractObjective:To evaluate the provision of free school meals in Trinidad and Tobago in relation to children's social and nutritional status.Design and methods: Cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 66 government schools, including children in the admissions classes (aged 4 to 7 years) and classes for ‘rising nines’ (aged 7–10 years). Data included questionnaire details of free school meals and children's social background, and measurements of children's heights, weights and skinfold thicknesses.Results:Of 6731 eligible children, data were analysed for 5688 (85%). There were 2386 (42%) children receiving free meals provided at school. At different schools the proportion of all children receiving free meals ranged from 20% to 100%, P < 0.001. Receipt of free meals was associated with larger family size (one child, 32% received free meals; ≥6 children, 63%), lower paternal educational attainment (primary, 52% free; university, 30%), father's employment (employed, 39% free meals; unemployed <12 months, 59%) as well as maternal education and employment and household amenities. After adjusting for age, sex and ethnic group, children who received free meals were shorter (mean difference in height standard deviation score (SDS) –0.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.17 to –0.06), lighter (body mass index SDS –0.21, –0.28 to –0.14) and thinner (subscapular skinfold SDS –0.13, –0.18 to –0.09).Conclusions:Free school meals were widely available, with some targeting of provision to children with less favourable social and nutritional status. Greater universality would reduce inequity, but more stringent targeting and reduction of school-level variation would increase efficiency.
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Mike, Moses, Ricky Telg, Amy Harder, Jammie Loizzo, Angella Lindsey, and Shelli Rampold. "Disaster Management During Tropical Storm Karen: The Story of Trinidad Extension." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 28, no. 2 (March 15, 2021): 68–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.28206.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the weather-related disaster preparedness and response strategies of agricultural extension professionals in Trinidad during Tropical Storm Karen (TSK). Trinidad faces perennial flooding, and Trinidad extension professionals have often been involved in the management of weather-related disasters. TSK was contextualized as a case study, and a qualitative approach was used to investigate the lived experiences of the extension professionals who directly assisted with managing the event. Semi-structured interview data were collected, along with concept maps and participant-rendered drawings. Each interview was compared with the participant’s concept map and drawing, while the constant comparative technique was used to evaluate the interview data among the participants to derive themes. Data were collected remotely using internet platforms due to the COVID-19 global pandemic. Findings indicated that disaster preparedness was strategized through field activities, including collecting data and providing disaster advice to clients. Disaster responsiveness was strategized through field actions, primarily through field evaluations for subsidy claims. In addition, related to disaster response, extension professionals faced various challenges in responding to TSK, most notably, the inability to access appropriate transportation. The findings of this study can guide the government of Trinidad and Tobago in bolstering the disaster management strategies of the country, as well as inform regional disaster management plans in other Caribbean countries.
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Khadan, Jeetendra. "An Econometric Analysis Of Energy Revenue And Government Expenditure Shocks On Economic Growth In Trinidad And Tobago." Journal of Developing Areas 51, no. 2 (2017): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.2017.0039.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 83, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2009): 294–360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002456.
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David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (Trevor Burnard)Louis Sala-Molins, Dark Side of the Light: Slavery and the French Enlightenment (R. Darrell Meadows)Stephanie E. Smallwood, Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora (Stephen D. Behrendt)Ruben Gowricharn, Caribbean Transnationalism: Migration, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion (D. Aliss a Trotz)Vilna Francine Bashi, Survival of the Knitted: Immigrant Social Networks in a Stratified World (Riva Berleant)Dwaine E. Plaza & Frances Henry (eds.), Returning to the Source: The Final Stage of the Caribbean Migration Circuit (Karen Fog Olwig)Howard J. Wiarda, The Dutch Diaspora: The Netherlands and Its Settlements in Africa, Asia, and the Americas (Han Jordaan) J. Christopher Kovats-Bernat, Sleeping Rough in Port-au-Prince: An Ethnography of Street Children &Violence in Haiti (Catherine Benoît)Ginetta E.B. Candelario, Black Behind the Ears: Dominican Racial Identity from Museums to Beauty Shops (María Isabel Quiñones)Paul Christopher Johnson, Diaspora Conversions: Black Carib Religion and the Recovery of Africa (Sarah England)Jessica Adams, Michael P. Bibler & Cécile Accilien (eds.), Just Below South: Intercultural Performance in the Caribbean and the U.S. South (Jean Muteba Rahier)Tina K. Ramnarine, Beautiful Cosmos: Performance and Belonging in the Caribbean Diaspora (Frank J. Korom)Patricia Joan Saunders, Alien-Nation and Repatriation: Translating Identity in Anglophone Caribbean Literature (Sue N. Greene)Mildred Mortimer, Writings from the Hearth: Public, Domestic, and Imaginative Space in Francophone Women’s Fiction of Africa and the Caribbean (Jacqueline Couti)Colin Woodard, The Republic of Pirates: Being the True and Surprising Story of the Caribbean Pirates and the Man Who Brought Them Down (Sabrina Guerra Moscoso)Peter L. Drewett & Mary Hill Harris, Above Sweet Waters: Cultural and Natural Change at Port St. Charles, Barbados, c. 1750 BC – AD 1850 (Frederick H. Smith)Reinaldo Funes Monzote, From Rainforest to Cane Field in Cuba: An Environmental History since 1492 (Bonham C. Richardson)Jean Besson & Janet Momsen (eds.), Caribbean Land and Development Revisited (Michaeline A. Crichlow)César J. Ayala & Rafael Bernabe, Puerto Rico in the American Century: A History since 1898 (Juan José Baldrich)Mindie Lazarus-Black, Everyday Harm: Domestic Violence, Court Rites, and Cultures of Reconciliation (Brackette F. Williams)Learie B. Luke, Identity and Secession in the Caribbean: Tobago versus Trinidad, 1889-1980 (Rita Pemberton)Michael E. Veal, Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae (Shannon Dudley)Garth L. Green & Philip W. Scher (eds.), Trinidad Carnival: The Cultural Politics of a Transnational Festival (Kim Johnson)Jocelyne Guilbault, Governing Sound: The Cultural Politics of Trinidad’s Carnival Musics (Donald R. Hill)Shannon Dudley, Music from Behind the Bridge: Steelband Spirit and Politics in Trinidad and Tobago (Stephen Stuempfle)Kevin K. Birth, Bacchanalian Sentiments: Musical Experiences and Political Counterpoints in Trinidad (Philip W. Scher)
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Allahar, Haven, and Ron Sookram. "Emergence of university-centred entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Caribbean." Industry and Higher Education 33, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950422219838220.
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This study examines the progress of the two major universities in the Caribbean country of Trinidad and Tobago towards the transition to entrepreneurial universities through incorporating the core components of designing and delivering entrepreneurship education programmes, establishing effective university-led business incubators and the building of university–industry–government collaboration. The theoretical construct of the Triple Helix interrelationships and the development stages framework provide the basis for analysing the progress of the universities towards achieving their development mission. The general conclusion is that progress towards building an effective university-centred entrepreneurial ecosystem has been relatively slow and needs to be accelerated through more proactive leadership and greater involvement of internal and external stakeholders.
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Roach, Charlene M. L., and Cristal Beddeau. "Engaging Citizens and Delivering Services." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 2, no. 3 (July 2015): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2015070104.
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Globally, governments are attempting to transform their societies with the widespread use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Public agencies consider ICTs as powerful tools to deliver services to citizens and encourage engagement. Debate surrounds issues of e-government and how it can be used to transform service delivery and engagement to citizens. For developing countries research indicates that most of these attempts can be explained as e-government versus e-governance. This article examines initiatives by the Housing Development Corporation in Trinidad and Tobago to provide service delivery to citizens and encourage their participation through electronic means. It also evaluates the effects of the agency's initiatives to citizens and its ability to interact with them. Using content analysis of the agency's website and survey interviews, the study examines four categories taken from two research questions and suggests the extent to which these efforts signal the development of e-government practices by this agency.
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Bissessar, Ann Marie. "Differential Approaches to Human Resource Management Reform in the Public Services of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago." Public Personnel Management 30, no. 4 (December 2001): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600103000408.
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The introduction of New Public Management in the public services of many countries brought with it not only changes in epistemology but new methods and techniques for managing resources.1, 2, 3, 4 With the advent of New Public Management, for instance, techniques such as contracting out, divestment, and the disaggregation of the public services into separate self contained units were employed by many governments to increase output and reduce cost in the public sector. However, it was also recognized that another resource, namely how employees are managed, needed to be reformed as well. This concern for proper management of human resources was implicit in one of the primary tenets of New Public Management, which stressed that managers should be “free to manage.”5 This “freedom to manage” principle involved more than changes in the process of decision-making. Indeed, it led to a radical attempt on the part of various states to replace the former systems of personnel administration with the “new” private sector system of human resource management. This article examines the attempts to reform, human resource management systems in the public services of two of the larger countries in the Commonwealth Caribbean—Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. It argues that although these two countries share a remarkable commonality in terms of historical backgrounds, and political and economic developments, the human resource systems that were introduced under the wider ambit of administrative reform varied. Moreover, it was evident that Jamaica was far more successful in the actual implementation of human resource systems than Trinidad and Tobago. What is even more striking is the fact that reformers in both countries took only what they wanted from the reform package and in some cases amended them in the light of factors such as ethnicity, political culture, party dominance, or levels of economic development.
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Smart, Cherry-Ann. "The Public Library's Role in Enabling E-Government." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 3, no. 3 (July 2016): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2016070102.
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In most developed countries, linking citizens with e-government through Information Communication Technology (ICT) is an important social role for public libraries. Public libraries partner with government agencies; acting as intermediaries to bridge government with citizens in a way which adds value. In developing countries, public libraries have not attained that intermediary level. Instead, the role of public libraries is constrained to performing a tangential role to e-government. This includes its focus on the provision of access to information. As Caribbean governments progress further with e-government implementation, public libraries may need to expand their role beyond information provision to help citizens in their adoption of e-government, as well as enhance their service provision to them. This highlights some of the digital divide issues that developing countries experience versus information rich countries (i.e., developed nations) such as the United States of America. Thus, the digital divide is not only about access to ICTs; it also now includes citizens' capacity to use ICTs. This paper examines the capacity and role of the public libraries in Trinidad and Tobago, and Jamaica in enhancing e-government efforts.
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London, Norrel A. "Ideology and Politics in English‐Language Education in Trinidad and Tobago: The Colonial Experience and a Postcolonial Critique." Comparative Education Review 47, no. 3 (August 2003): 287–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/378249.
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London. "Ideology and Politics in English-Language Education in Trinidad and Tobago: The Colonial Experience and a Postcolonial Critique." Comparative Education Review 47, no. 3 (2003): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3542221.
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Waites, Matthew. "Decolonizing the boomerang effect in global queer politics: A new critical framework for sociological analysis of human rights contestation." International Sociology 34, no. 4 (July 2019): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580919851425.
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This article proposes a new critical framework for analysing transnational human rights-claiming and contestation: a ‘critical model of the boomerang effect’, that can embody sociological understanding and insights from decolonizing analyses. The article develops a critique of Keck and Sikkink’s well-known model of the ‘boomerang effect’, from politics and international relations. The new critical model is needed to analyse contestations including global queer politics, particularly to examine where and how actors in formerly or currently colonized states from the Global South can draw on the United Nations human rights system. The new model requires analysis of four themes, with a decolonizing enquiry applied to each: (1) articulation of human rights; (2) social structures and resources; (3) socio-cultural contexts; and (4) subjectivation. These themes are examined to illuminate two pivotal cases claiming decriminalization of same-sex sexual acts: Caleb Orozco in Belize, and Jason Jones in relation to Trinidad and Tobago – generating a new research agenda.
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Pereira, Eduardo G., Tolulope O. Taiwo, and Ngozi Chinwa Ole. "Addressing Residual Liability and Insolvency in Disused Oil and Gas Infrastructure Left in Place: The Cases of Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 326–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v11i2.3.
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This article analyses the decommissioning framework for oil and gas infrastructures in Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. It examines whether the existing provisions in each country are able to guarantee that the government and, by extension taxpayers, do not bear the costs of decommissioning and, the consequences of insolvency on residual liabilities. An additional motivation for this examination is the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic with significant adverse impacts on the oil and gas industry. A likely consequence of the economic devastation from this is the insolvency of any party with decommissioning obligations.The article argues that the provisions of the Brazil petroleum legislation on the reversion of abandoned installations to the government could imply that taxpayers have to bear the residual liabilities without any compensation from the concerned concessionaires or contractors. It also argues that the provisions of the Petroleum Law to the effect that ‘the reversion of facilities does not entail any expense whatsoever for the Brazilian government ’does not certainly translate to pecuniary compensation to the latter for assuming the future residual liabilities from abandoned installations. The Nigerian and the Trinidad &Tobago Decommissioning Framework also suffer the latter risk of the government bearing the residual liabilities for such disused installations.In Nigeria, the framework is silent on who bears the residual liabilities for disused installations. However, it is argued that the provisions of the Production Sharing Contracts on the transfer of ownership to the Nigerian government implies that they would have to bear eventual liabilities for such disused installations. Even in cases where the licensee or contractor may bear the burden of residual liabilities, the problem of future insolvency and cessation of such companies may entail that taxpayers bear the burden of residual liabilities. The article concludes with key recommendations on how to address the identified gaps using lessons from best practices such as United Kingdom, Norway and United States of America. One of such proposals is on the allocation of liability where there is a transfer of interest. Another is for joint and several or at least secondary liability of responsible parties even after decommissioning activities are over; a recommended provision to this effect is also provided. The third recommendation is on how time-constrained residual liability can be used alongside lump sum payments to limit the State's financial exposure for decommissioning costs.