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Amornvit, Pokpong, Sasiwimol Sanohkan, and Chaimongkon Peampring. "Studying the Optical 3D Accuracy of Intraoral Scans: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5739312.
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There are various scanners available in dental practice with various accuracies. The aim of this study was to compare the 3D capturing accuracy of scans obtained from Trios 3 and Dental Wings scanner. A reference mandibular model was printed from FormLab with reference points in three axes (X, Y, and XY and Z). The printed model was scanned 5 times with 3 scans: normal scan by Trios 3 (Trios 3A), high-resolution scan by Trios 3 (Trios 3B), and normal scan by Dental Wings. After scan, the stereolithography (stl) files were generated. Then, the measurements were made from the computer software using Rhinoceros 3D (Rhino, Robert McNeel & Associates for Windows, Washington DC, USA). The measurements made with digital caliper were taken as control. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with post hoc using Sheffe (P<0.01). Trios 3 presented higher accuracy than Dental Wings and high resolution showed better results. The Dental Wings showed less accuracy at the measurements >50 mm of length and >30 mm in width. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) of control with the Trios 3A and Trios 3B. Similarly, for the measurements in Z-axis, there was no significant difference of control with each scan (Trios 3A, Trios 3B, and Dental Wings). Accuracy of the scan is affected by the length of the scanning area and scanning pattern. It is less recommended to Dental Wings scan >3-unit prosthesis and that crosses the midline.
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Mutwalli, Hussam, Michael Braian, Deyar Mahmood, and Christel Larsson. "Trueness and Precision of Three-Dimensional Digitizing Intraoral Devices." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (November 26, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5189761.
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Aim. To measure the trueness and precision under repeatable conditions for different intraoral scanners (IOSs) when scanning fully edentulous arch with multiple implants. Materials and Methods. Three IOSs and one industrial scanner were used to scan one edentulous master cast containing five implant scan bodies and three spheres. The cast was scanned thirty times with each scanner device. All scans were analyzed in the inspect software, and three-dimensional locations of the implants and the interarch distance between the spheres were measured. The values were compared to measurements made with one coordinate measuring machine (true value). One-way ANOVA was used to calculate the differences between IOSs and in comparison with the true value. Results. Significant differences were found between all IOSs. For the implant measurements, Trios 3 had the lowest trueness (≤114 μm), followed by Trios 3 mono (≤63 μm) and Itero element (≤−41 μm). Trios had the lowest precision (≤135 μm), followed by Itero element (≤101 μm) and Trios 3 mono (≤100 μm). With regard to the interarch distance measurements, Trios 3 had the lowest trueness (≤68 μm), followed by Trios 3 mono (≤45 μm) and Itero element (≤40 μm). Trios 3 had the lowest precision (≤206 μm), followed by Itero element (≤124 μm) and Trios 3 mono (≤111 μm). Conclusion. The results from this in vitro study suggest that precision is low for the tested IOS devices when scanning fully edentulous arches with multiple implants.
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Sezer, Taygun, Emir Esim, and Erkan Yılmaz. "Trueness of Intraoral Scanners in Different Scan Patterns for Full-Arch Digital Implant Impressions." Journal of Oral Implantology 50, no. 4 (2024): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-24-00054.
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The optimal scan pattern for full-arch digital implant impressions remains to be determined. This study aimed to analyze the effects of different scan patterns on the trueness of intraoral scanners for full-arch digital implant impressions. A maxillary plaster model with 4 implant analogs was employed as the master model. Scan bodies were attached to the master model and scanned with a laboratory scanner to obtain reference data. Test scans were obtained using 3 different scan patterns with Cerec Primescan and Trios 3. Each test datum was superimposed onto the reference data. The trueness was assessed by determining the 3D distance and angular deviations between the test and reference data. Significant differences in 3D distance deviation were detected among the scan patterns for both scanners. Significant differences in angle deviation were detected among the scan patterns for the Cerec Primescan, whereas it was not substantial for the Trios 3. Cerec Primescan exhibited superior trueness across all scan patterns compared with Trios 3. The zigzag pattern resulted in more accurate scans for the Cerec Primescan, whereas both the zigzag and occlusal-palatal-buccal patterns showed higher accuracy for the Trios 3.
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Meneghetti, Priscila Ceolin, Junying Li, Paulo Sérgio Borella, Gustavo Mendonça, and Luiz Henrique Burnett. "Influence of scanbody design and intraoral scanner on the trueness of complete arch implant digital impressions: An in vitro study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0295790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295790.
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This study aimed to compare the accuracy of full-arch digital implant impressions using seven different scanbodies and four intraoral scanners. A 3D-printed maxillary model with six implants and their respective multi-unit abutments was used for this study. Seven scanbodies (SB1, SB2, SB3, SB4, SB5, SB6, and SB7) and four intraoral scanners (Primescan®, Omnican®, Trios 3®, and Trios 4®) were assessed. Each combination group was scanned ten times and a dental lab scanner (D2000, 3Shape) was used as a reference. All scans were exported as STL files, imported into Convince software (3Shape) for alignment, and later into Blender software, where their 3D positions were analyzed using a Python script. The 3D deviation, angular deviation, and linear distance between implants #3 and #14 were also measured. Accuracy was measured in terms of “trueness” (scanbody 3D deviation between intraoral scan and desktop scan). Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Bonferroni correction was used to analyze the data (⍺ = .05). The study found statistically significant differences in digital impression accuracy among the scanners and scanbodies (p<0.001). When comparing different intraoral scanners, the Primescan system showed the smallest 3D deviation (median 110.59 μm) and differed statistically from the others, while Trios 4 (median 122.35 μm) and Trios 3 (median 130.62 μm) did not differ from each other (p = .284). No differences were found in the linear distance between implants #3 and #14 between Trios 4, Primescan, and Trios 3 systems. When comparing different scanbodies, the lowest median values for 3D deviation were obtained by SB2 (72.27μm) and SB7 (93.31μm), and they did not differ from each other (p = .116). The implant scanbody and intraoral scanner influenced the accuracy of digital impressions on completely edentulous arches.
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Curanovic, Dusica, Suqin Cai, Jonathan Toma, Christos J. Petropoulos, and Charles M. Walworth. "691. Results of Repeat HIV-1 DNA Resistance Tests Are Highly Concordant." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S398—S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.883.
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Abstract Background DHHS guidelines recommend caution when interpreting HIV-1 DNA resistance testing because not all previously identified drug resistance mutations (DRMs) may be captured. Comparison of multiple reports from the same patient was performed to assess the ability of HIV-1 DNA testing to consistently identify wild-type and drug resistance alleles. Methods Patients with 3 HIV-1 DNA resistance tests (trios) and corresponding HIV-1 viral load (VL) measurements within ~3 months of each resistance test were identified in a commercial database. Concordance among trio test results was assessed for each patient. VL and trio timespan were evaluated for impact on concordance using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc analyses. Results Fifty-five patients with test trios were identified for analysis. Average patient age was 53 years, and 88% were male. All 3 tests within 26/55 trios were associated with VL&lt; 200 copies/mL. The average testing timespan was 100 weeks (range 17-228 weeks). Wild-type virus was identified on 3/3 reports for 11/55 (20%) patients. Among resistant viruses, DRMs were identified on average 70%, 20% and 10% on 3/3, 2/3 and 1/3 of HIV-1 DNA reports, respectively. M184V was identified on 3/3, 2/3 and 1/3 reports among 14/17, 2/17, and 1/17 test trios, respectively. K103N was identified on 3/3 and 2/3 reports among 11/12 and 1/12 test trios, respectively. The redetection rate following an initial HIV-1 DNA test was high for M184V (30/34, 88%) and K103N (23/24, 96%). Of 178 DRMs detected across all initial HIV-1 DNA tests, 17 (9.6%) were not detected on the second, but redetected on the third test, including M184V and K103N in one trio each. The average concordance among test trios across all drug classes was 97%. No correlation between VL at time of testing and DRM redetection rates was observed. Significantly fewer DRMs were recaptured when repeat testing was performed &gt; 24 months after the initial test. Conclusion Repeat HIV-1 DNA drug resistance testing reliably detected archived DRMs. DRM decay related to turnover of the viral reservoir may explain some discordance between repeat HIV-1 DNA tests. Disclosures Dusica Curanovic, PhD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Suqin Cai, n/a, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Jonathan Toma, n/a, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Christos J. Petropoulos, PhD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee) Charles M. Walworth, MD, Monogram Biosciences (Employee)
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Maksoud, Heba, Shara Sajini, Bassem Eid, Sulaiman Alhssaini, and Yazeed Alanazi. "Comparison between Visual shade selection and Instrumental Shade Determination using Intra Oral Scanner and Digital Spectrophotometer." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 14, no. 2 (2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2023.14.02.13.
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Background: Improper shade selection is one of the most common causes behind restorations’ remake and patient dissatisfaction. Multiple protocols and devices have been proposed to address the limitations of visual shade selection. Objective: To compare the accuracy of dental shade matching gathered visually with both VITA Classical (VC) and VITA 3D-Master (V3D) shade guides with those obtained instrumentally with both 3Shape Trios 3 and VITA Easyshade® Advance 4.0. Materials and Methods: For visual shade selection (VSS), one- hundred participants from King AbdulAziz University, Faculty of Dentistry participated in the study and asked to select the shade of six masked shade tabs from both VC [A1, A2, B1] and V3D [1M1, 2M3, 3R1.]. Later, Instrumental shade determination (ISD) was completed by one experienced participant for six cycles using: VEasy and Trios 3. Results: Significant difference was found between VSS and ISD. The results suggested that although participants significantly preferred VC over V3D in terms of VSS, this did not improve the shade selection performance. Besides, in ISD, no significant difference was reported between VEsay and Trios 3. There was no statistical significance difference between neither Trios 3 when combined with VC and V3D nor between VEasy when combined with VC and V3D. VEasy showed the best shade selection performance when combined with V3D, although the difference was non-significant. Conclusion: The result of the present study supports the promising use of the intra oral scanner 3Shape Trios 3 and dental spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade® Advance 4.0. Combination with a visual selection method may result in more accurate and reliable results.
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Monosoff, Sonya, James Hook, and Hugo Ruf. "6 Trios, op. 83, fur 3 Querfloten oder 3 Violinen oder Querflote, Violine und Viola." Notes 46, no. 1 (1989): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/940788.
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Teng, K. K., and B. L. Hempstead. "Neurotrophins and their receptors: signaling trios in complex biological systems." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) 61, no. 1 (2004): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-003-3099-3.
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Ohde, T., and H. Siegel. "Derivation of immersion factors for the hyperspectral TriOS radiance sensor." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 5, no. 3 (2003): L12—L14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/5/3/103.
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Alqahtani, Nasser M., Saurabh Chaturvedi, Mohamed Khaled Addas, et al. "Advanced superimposition method to evaluate the marginal and internal fit of ceramic crowns fabricated using heat pressing techniques." PeerJ 13 (April 3, 2025): e19117. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19117.
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Background Digital technologies can enhance the success of permanent crowns. The present study aimed to evaluate marginal adaptation and internal fit of permanent crowns fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technologies following scans using two different intraoral scanners (IOS) (Medit i700, shape (TRIOS 3)). Methods Three typodont #14 teeth were prepared for full veneer all ceramic crowns with three types of margins—chamfer (CFL), rounded shoulder (RSFL) and rounded shoulder with bevel (RSBFL). A total of 360 study models were made and divided into two groups based on the type of intraoral scanner used for digital impressions. Group A in which the intraoral scanner MEDIT i700 was used, and Group B in which intraoral scanner TRIOS 3 was used (n = 360/group). The subgroups were made as Medit i700-SLA, Medit i700-DLP, TRIOS 3-SLA and TRIOS 3-DLP (n = 180/subgroup). These were further divided into three sub-subgroups based on the finish lines: CFL, RSFL, and RSBFL (n = 30 each sub-subgroups). All ceramic crowns were made on models and scanned to assess discrepancies (marginal adaptation and internal fit) at nine zones (Z1–Z9). Three-way analysis of variance and pairwise comparison was done (Tukey HSD test) (α = 0.05). Results The mean marginal gap and internal fit values were lowest for Group A-1 with RSBFL in each zone. The intergroup comparison showed values for marginal gap and the internal fit were minimum for Group A-1 for each finish line design, with the lowest for RSBFL at zone Z2 0.04 ±0.001. Conclusions Regardless of the IOS and 3D printing techniques, the smallest gap was observed in RSBFL, followed by RSFL and CFL. The all-ceramic crowns fabricated using a Medit intraoral scanner with an SLA 3DPrinter with a rounded shoulder finish line had the best marginal and internal fit.
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International, Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR). "A Comparative Study to Evaluate The Accuracy of Open Tray Splinted and Non-Splinted Implant Level Impressions and Impressions Obtained From Two Intraoral Scanners For Three Implants Placed in A Partially Edentulous Arch - An in Vitro Study." International Journal of Medical Science and Innovative Research (IJMSIR) 9, no. 4 (2024): 185–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15422901.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> Title: A comparative study to evaluate the accuracy of open tray splinted and non-splinted implant level impressions and impressions obtained from two intraoral scanners for three implants placed in a partially edentulous arch - an in vitro study <strong>Objective</strong>: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare and evaluate the accuracy of open tray splinted and non-splinted Implant level impression and impressions obtained from two intraoral scanners for three implants placed in a partially edentulous arch and to evaluate which of the two scanners used (Trios 3 shape and Upsera intraoral scanners) has the better trueness and precision value. <strong>Methods</strong>: Three implants were placed in a partially edentulous arch model simulating clinical conditions. Impressions were made using open tray splinted and non-splinted techniques and models were fabricated as well as the study model was scanned with two intraoral scanners (Trios 3 shape and Upsera intraoral scanners). The models were then digitally scanned and compared with a reference scan using a Exocad software. Measurements were made by superimposing the group scans over the reference scan. <strong>Results</strong>: The results revealed that the open tray splinted impression technique was found more accurate than the non-splinted impression techniques. However, impressions obtained from trios 3 shape intraoral scanners showed significantly higher accuracy compared to the other scanner and the conventional impression techniques. The differences in accuracy were statistically significant (p < 0.05) at specific landmarks. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that open tray splinted was superior than non-splinted impression techniques in terms of accuracy for three implants placed in a partially edentulous arch. However, trios 3 shape intraoral scanners demonstrated superior accuracy compared to Upsera intraoral scanner and conventional impression techniques.
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Drago, A., M. Calabro, C. Crisafulli, and U. Birke Jensen. "A molecular pathway analysis on a sample trios of autistic patients." European Neuropsychopharmacology 26 (October 2016): S172—S173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(16)30999-3.
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Murat, Sema, Burcu Batak, Özge Aydoğ, and Caner Öztürk. "The Accuracy of Intraoral Scanners in Maxillary Defects with Different Model Variations." Diagnostics 14, no. 21 (2024): 2368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212368.
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Background: Advances in digital technology and intraoral scanners (IOSs) have the potential to enable accurate digital impressions for patients with maxillary defects. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of IOSs in completely and partially edentulous models with maxillary defects. Methods: Three polyurethane models—one completely edentulous (CE) and two partially edentulous, following Aramany classifications I (ACI) and II (ACII)—were created using stereolithography. These models were scanned with a desktop scanner to create reference models. Ten scans were performed using three different intraoral scanners (TRIOS 3, Primescan, and Virtuo Vivo). The IOS datasets were analyzed to assess trueness and precision using a two-way ANOVA and multiple-comparison tests with Bonferroni corrections (α = 0.05). Results: Both the model type and the IOS significantly influenced trueness and precision. The interaction between the model type and the IOS was found to be statistically significant (trueness: p = 0.001; precision: p = 0.005). The highest trueness was observed in the ACII model scanned with TRIOS 3 and Primescan. TRIOS 3 and Primescan also exhibited the highest precision in the ACII model. For Virtuo Vivo, there were no significant differences among the models (p = 0.48). Conclusions: Although intraoral scanners (IOSs) demonstrated significant differences in trueness when used in completely and partially edentulous models with maxillary defects, these differences may be considered clinically insignificant.
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Haddadi, Yasser, Golnosh Bahrami, and Flemming Isidor. "Accuracy of Intra-oral Scans Compared to Conventional Impression in Vitro." Primary Dental Journal 8, no. 3 (2019): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016819827601491.
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AIM The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of intra-oral scans and conventional impression measured at various points on a single tooth preparation. Methods Ten conventional silicone impressions, and ten intra oral-scans using eight different digital intra oral digital scanners were taken of a prepared master tooth. The conventional impressions were directly digitised using a laboratory scanner. Each scan/impression was superimposed on a high-accuracy digital model of the prepared master tooth. For each superimposition, the deviation from the prepared master tooth was measured at six points on four two-dimensional cross-sections. Data was analysed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results Most intra oral scanners had lower accuracy at the preparation margin compared to smooth surfaces. When only conventional impression and the latest intra oral scanners of various manufacturers are considered, the mean discrepancy at the preparation margin was 50μm (SD 16) for conventional impression, 15μm (SD 4) for Trios 3, 26μm (SD 4) for LAVA TDS, 29μm (SD 7) for CEREC Omnicam, 30μm (SD 6) for CS 3600 and 64μm (SD 7) for GC Aadva. The increased accuracy of Trios 3 was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions At the preparation margin, Trios 3 performed significantly better than conventional impression and the other intra oral scanners. LAVA TDS, CEREC Omnicam and CS3600 showed similar accuracy at the margin, yet better than conventional impression and GC Aadva.
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Prasad*, Prathibha, Ponnanna AA, Ranganatha Rao K Jingade, Nitesh Rai, and Mamatha N. "A Comparative Evaluation of Trueness of Two Intraoral Scanners for a Partially Edentulous Arch - An In Vivo Study." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 14, no. 1 (2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.14_1_4.
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Aim: The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the trueness of two intraoral scanners, 3SHAPE TRIOS IOS and CARESTREAM CS3600 IOS in comparison with conventional elastomeric monophase vinyl polysiloxane impression and also to comparatively evaluate the accuracy of maxillary and mandibular arches when digital impressions are performed. Methods: Sixteen partially edentulous patient cases which followed the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. As a reference model, the STL (Standard Tessellation Language) file obtained by digitization of cast poured using conventional impression technique was used. As test models, the STL files obtained by two intraoral scanners were applied. Three-dimensional analyses were carried out between these three groups and the obtained deviation values were statistically analyzed using the student ‘t’ test. Results: The analysis done by student test-test showed no statistically significant differences (p=0.837) in mean X, Y, Z coordinate deviations between the 3 SHAPE TRIOS IOS® and CS3600 IOS® groups. The results showed that the mean X, Y, Z coordinate deviation in 3SHAPE TRIOS IOS group (0.001±0.008) was not statistically significant when compared to the CS3600 IOS group (0.0017± 0.11). Conclusion: 3SHAPE TRIOS® IOS showed lesser deviation when compared to CARESTREAM CS3600® IOS but there were no statistically significant differences between the two intraoral scanners. Further, it was also concluded that maxillary and mandibular arches do not show any difference in accuracy. Hence both the intraoral scanners can be used with equal efficiency for restorative procedures.
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Jodai, Yoshifumi, Haruki Tokuda, and Yutaka Hara. "Experiments on Interaction between Six Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Pairs or Trios." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, no. 7 (2024): 072003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/7/072003.
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Abstract The interaction between six closely placed vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in a parallel-pair arrangement (layout 1), a staggered-pair arrangement (layout 2) and a parallel-trio arrangement (layout 3) were investigated. Six miniature wind turbine models were used in the wind tunnel experiments. The rotor gap g 1 within each turbine pair or trio is set fixed values. In the layout 1, three paired turbines are in line perpendicular to the main stream. In the layout 2, two paired turbines are in line perpendicular to the main stream on a front rail and remaining paired turbines are on a rear rail. In the layout 3, two trios of turbines are in line perpendicular to the main stream. Increases in the averaged turbine power up to 106% of the single turbine power PSI with the decrease in an inter-cluster gap g 2, have been demonstrated in the layout 1. The power of a downstream central turbine pair significantly decreases with increasing a streamwise spacing s in the layout 2. In the layout 3, the averaged turbine power reaches 0.95PSI for Case A. Reducing an inter-cluster interval (g 2 or s) improves a wind-farm performance in a unit footprint area in all the layouts tested.
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Cechelero, Eduarda Bianchini, Mariá Cortina Bellan, and Maurício André Bisi. "Análise comparativa de técnicas de escaneamento digital: estudo in vitro." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 10, no. 2 (2020): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v10i2.4868.
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Objetivos: O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar e comparar a técnica recomendada pelo fabricante e uma técnica de variação padrão de dois scanners intraorais em relação a um escaneamento com um scanner de mesa e analisar a possibilidade de alteração dimensional. Materiais e Métodos: Foram confeccionados 5 grupos (n=5), sendo o G=1 com AutoScan-DS-EX sendo fluxo de trabalho automático, G=2 com TRIOS 3 e técnica recomendada pelo fabricante, G=3 com TRIOS 3 e técnica modificada, G=4 com iTero e técnica recomendada pelo fabricante e G=5 com iTero e técnica modificada, e foram submetidos a uma análise qualitativa de cor pelo software CloudCompare. Resultados: Foi presente bastante alteração dimensional entre os Grupos 2 e 3, 4 e 5, pouca alteração dimensional entre os Grupos 1 e 3, 1 e 5, e nenhuma alteração dimensional entre os Grupos 1 e 2, e 1 e 4. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a modificação da técnica recomendada pelo fabricante altera o padrão final do modelo digitalizado principalmente entre os scanners intraorais, sendo que houve pouca alteração quando as técnicas foram comparadas com um scanner de bancada. A qualidade dos escaneamentos se baseia na quantidade de pontos coletados apresentando-se maior nos escaneamentos com scanner de mesa.
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Iacob, Simona, Diana Cadar, Andreea Chisnoiu, et al. "CLINICAL ASPECTS OF RECORDING OCCLUSAL CONTACTS USING CONVENTIONAL METHODS AND INTRA-ORAL SCANNING." Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 16, no. 3 (2024): 267–75. https://doi.org/10.62610/rjor.2024.3.16.28.
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Aim of the study. The aim of the current study was to analyze and compare the registration of the occlusal contact points using three intraoral scanners and articulation paper. Material and methods. The static occlusal contact points in maximum intercuspation of ten subjects (3 women and 7 men), were analyzed using three different scanners: Cerec Omnicam (CEREC® Sirona, Germany), Medit i700 (MEDIT® Seoul, Republic of Korea), Trios 3 (3-SHAPE® Copenhagen, Denmark) and articulating paper 200 μm (Dr. Jean Bausch Gmbh & Co. KG, Germany). All the contact points obtained on each arch were counted and statistically evaluated. Results. The highest number of contacts was identified with Omnicam Scan (564 contact points) followed by the contacts obtained with occlusal paper (528 contact points). Contact obtained with Medit i700 were 483 and the fewest points of contact were identified with Trios 3 (477 contact points). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the different types of examination (p> 0,005). Conclusions. Intraoral cameras represent a useful and reliable tool for the analysis of occlusal contact points. However, for the precise diagnosis and treatment of occlusal imbalance, a correlation between the conventional and digital methods of occlusal analysis may provide superior results.
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Hung Lam, Tran, Pham Minh Cuong, Nguyen Hoang Nam, Vo Huyen Bao Tran, and Hoang Viet. "Enhanced Patient Satisfaction with Digital Impressions Using 3Shape TRIOS 3 Move Scanner for Single-Implant Crowns." Applied Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062881.
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Background: This study aims to compare treatment time and patient satisfaction between digital and conventional impression techniques in single-tooth implant prosthetics. Materials and Methods: A controlled study was conducted on 22 patients with single-tooth loss in the posterior arch who underwent implant replacement. Impressions were taken using both conventional techniques (polyvinyl siloxane) and digital methods (3Shape Trios 3 Move scanner). Results: The digital impression technique significantly reduced treatment time compared to the conventional method. The total procedure time and individual steps in the digital process were notably shorter than those in the conventional process (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent digital impressions reported not only significantly higher satisfaction and comfort levels but also less pain, unpleasant taste, and level of nausea (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Digital impressions can be superior in reducing treatment time and improving patient satisfaction compared to conventional methods, highlighting their advantages in single-tooth implant prosthetics. However, further research, involving different digital systems and clinical evaluations, is required to fully validate these advantages.
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Nulty, Adam B. "A Comparison of Full Arch Trueness and Precision of Nine Intra-Oral Digital Scanners and Four Lab Digital Scanners." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 7 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9070075.
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(1) Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the full arch scan accuracy (precision and trueness) of nine digital intra-oral scanners and four lab scanners. Previous studies have compared the accuracy of some intra-oral scanners, but as this is a field of quickly developing technologies, a more up-to-date study was needed to assess the capabilities of currently available models. (2) Methods: The present in vitro study compared nine different intra-oral scanners (Omnicam 4.6; Omnicam 5.1; Primescan; CS 3600; Trios 3; Trios 4; Runyes; i500; and DL206) as well as four lab light scanners (Einscan SE; 300e; E2; and Ineos X5) to investigate the accuracy of each scanner by examining the overall trueness and precision. Ten aligned and cut scans from each of the intra-oral and lab scanners in the in vitro study were brought into CloudCompare. A comparison was made with the master STL using the CloudCompare 3D analysis best-fit algorithm. The results were recorded along with individual standard deviation and a colorimetric map of the deviation across the surface of the STL mesh; a comparison was made to the master STL, quantified at specific points. (3) Results: In the present study, the Primescan had the best overall trueness (17.3 ± 4.9), followed by (in order of increasing deviation) the Trios 4 (20.8 ± 6.2), i500 (25.2 ± 7.3), CS3600 (26.9 ± 15.9), Trios 3 (27.7 ± 6.8), Runyes (47.2 ± 5.4), Omnicam 5.1 (55.1 ± 9.5), Omnicam 4.6 (57.5 ± 3.2), and Launca DL206 (58.5 ± 22.0). Regarding the lab light scanners, the Ineos X5 had the best overall trueness with (0.0 ± 1.9), followed by (in order of increasing deviation) the 3Shape E2 (3.6 ± 2.2), Up3D 300E (12.8 ± 2.7), and Einscan SE (14.9 ± 9.5). (4) Conclusions: This study confirms that all current generations of intra-oral digital scanners can capture a reliable, reproducible full arch scan in dentate patients. Out of the intra-oral scanners tested, no scanner produced results significantly similar in trueness to the Ineos X5. However, the Primescan was the only one to be statistically of a similar level of trueness to the 3Shape E2 lab scanner. All scanners in the study had mean trueness of under 60-micron deviation. While this study can compare the scanning accuracy of this sample in a dentate arch, the scanning of a fully edentulous arch is more challenging. The accuracy of these scanners in edentulous cases should be examined in further studies.
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Amornvit, Pokpong, Dinesh Rokaya, and Sasiwimol Sanohkan. "Comparison of Accuracy of Current Ten Intraoral Scanners." BioMed Research International 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2673040.
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There have been various developments in intraoral 3D scanning technology. This study is aimed at investigating the accuracy of 10 scanners developed from 2015 to 2020. A maxillary dental model with reference points was printed from Form 2 (FormLabs, Somerville, MA, USA). The model was scanned 5 times with each intraoral scanner (IOS); Trios 3 (normal and high-resolution mode); Trios 4 (normal and high-resolution mode) (3Shape Trios A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark); iTero Element, iTero 2, and iTero 5D Element (Align Technologies, San Jose, California, USA); Dental Wings (Dental Wings, Montreal QC, Canada); Panda 2 (Pengtum Technologies, Shanghai, China); Medit i500 (Medit Corp. Seoul, South Korea); Planmeca Emerald™ (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland); and Aoralscan (Shining 3D Tech. Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China). After the scan, the 3D scanned stereolithography files were created. The various distances were measured five times in X , Y , Z , and X Y axes of various scans and with a vernier caliper (control) and from the Rhinoceros software. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18. Test for the normality of the various measurement data were done using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The trueness and precision of the measurements were compared among the various scans using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The significance was considered at P < 0.05 . The trueness of the intraoral scans was analyzed by comparing the measurements from the control. Precision was tested through the measurements of repeated scans. It showed that more the distance is less the accuracy for all scanners. In all studied scanners, the trueness varied but precision was favorably similar. Diagonal scanning showed less accuracy for all the scanners. Hence, when scanning the full arch, the dentist needs to take more caution and good scan pattern. Trios series showed the best scan results compared to other scanners.
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Zhou, R., M. Wang, W. Li, et al. "Gene-Gene Interactions among SPRYs for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip/Palate." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 2 (2018): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518801537.
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Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common birth defect with a complex genetic architecture. Gene-gene interactions have been increasingly regarded as contributing to the etiology of NSCL/P. A recent genome-wide association study revealed that a novel single-nucleotide polymorphism at SPRY1 in 4q28.1 showed a significant association with NSCL/P. In the current study, we explored the role of 3 SPRY genes in the etiology of NSCL/P by detecting gene-gene interactions: SPRY1, SPRY2, and SPRY4—with SPRY3 excluded due to its special location on the X chromosome. We selected markers in 3 SPRY genes to test for gene-gene interactions using 1,908 case-parent trios recruited from an international consortium established for a genome-wide association study of nonsyndromic oral clefts. As the trios came from populations with different ancestries, subgroup analyses were conducted among Europeans and Asians. Cordell’s method based on conditional logistic regression models was applied to test for potential gene-gene interactions via the statistical package TRIO in R software. Gene-gene interaction analyses yielded 10 pairs of SNPs in Europeans and 6 pairs in Asians that achieved significance after Bonferroni correction. The significant interactions were confirmed in the 10,000-permutation tests (empirical P = 0.003 for the most significant interaction). The study identified gene-gene interactions among SPRY genes among 1,908 NSCL/P trios, which revealed the importance of potential gene-gene interactions for understanding the genetic architecture of NSCL/P. The evidence of gene-gene interactions in this study also provided clues for future biological studies to further investigate the mechanism of how SPRY genes participate in the development of NSCL/P.
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Guzelce Sultanoğlu, E., and B. Keleş. "Comparison of the Accuracy and Precision of Digital Scans for Implant-Supported Maxillary Hybrid Prosthesis: An in vitro Study." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 27, no. 11 (2024): 1245–51. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_112_24.
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Background: Numerous intraoral scanners (IOS) devices are currently used for intraoral impressions in prosthodontics. It is crucial to assess the accuracy and precision of these devices for clinical use. Aim: This in vitro study aimed to assess and compare the accuracy and precision of six IOS in the all-on-4 treatment concept. Trueness evaluation involved aligning the data from six dental scanners with the reference model. Precision analysis encompassed aligning the data from all six scanners within their respective groups. Methods: An edentulous maxillary model was utilized, with four implants placed at 12, 15, 22, and 25 teeth positions, simulating the all-on-4 approach using resin acrylic. Following the placement of scanbodies, each of the six IOSs (Primescan, Trios 3, Trios 4, Trios 5, Virtuo Vivo, and Medit i 700) performed eight scans of the model. An industrial scanner was employed for the control group. Data alignment and comparison were executed using the CloudCompare software (v2.11.3, General Public License of Telecom ParisTech, Paris, France). Statistical scrutiny encompassed the Shapiro–Wilk, Levene’s, and Games–Howell tests. Results: Among the scanners, Primescan exhibited the highest trueness (35.75 ± 26.08 μm), whereas the Medit i700 demonstrated superior precision (0.163 μm). Conclusion: IOS can be used to make dental impressions within the all-on-4 concept. More comprehensive and clinical studies are needed on this subject.
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Jacobs, M. J., S. Roesch, S. A. Wonderlich, et al. "Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 3 (2008): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003826.
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BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with behavioral traits that predate the onset of AN and persist after recovery. We identified patterns of behavioral traits in AN trios (proband plus two biological parents).MethodA total of 433 complete trios were collected in the Price Foundation Genetic Study of AN using standardized instruments for eating disorder (ED) symptoms, anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament. We used latent profile analysis and ANOVA to identify and validate patterns of behavioral traits.ResultsWe distinguished three classes with medium to large effect sizes by mothers' and probands' drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance. Fathers did not differ significantly across classes. Classes were distinguished by degree of symptomatology rather than qualitative differences. Class 1 (~33%) comprised low symptom probands and mothers with scores in the healthy range. Class 2 (~43%) included probands with marked elevations in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance and mothers with mild anxious/perfectionistic traits. Class 3 (~24%) included probands and mothers with elevations on ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits. Mother–daughter symptom severity was related in classes 1 and 3 only. Trio profiles did not differ significantly by proband clinical status or subtype.ConclusionsA key finding is the importance of mother and daughter traits in the identification of temperament and personality patterns in families affected by AN. Mother–daughter pairs with severe ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits may represent a more homogeneous and familial variant of AN that could be of value in genetic studies.
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Parekh, V. "66. MENAGE A TRIOS: SEXUAL HEALTH, SEXUAL ASSAULT AND FORENSIC MEDICINE." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab66.
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Objectives: Small jurisdictions often require clinicians to work in more than one speciality. The aim of this paper is to explore the commonalities between sexual health, sexual assault and forensic medicine that make this possible. Methods: Exploration of (1) common attributes of clinicians who provide these services, (2) characteristics the client groups, (3) administrative aspects and (4) gains for participating clinicians. Results: Clinicians in all three specialties practice within a public health model of care, have a good understanding of confidentiality, sexual wellbeing, other intimate concerns and social justice issues. They have experience working with non-medical groups and are experienced in teaching students and non-clinicians. Clients attending all three of services are commonly victims, vulnerable, marginalised, poor and less able to access traditional medical services. They commonly exhibit high-risk behaviours pertaining to sex and drug and alcohol use. Administrative systems commonly found in sexual health centres such as independently held and secured files and coded filing systems and protocols and practices concerning confidentiality and appropriate interactions with other services allow clinical forensic medicine to be easily incorporated. Clinicians gain from participating in these services by refreshing and developing specialist skills in the management of simple injuries, acute drug and alcohol withdrawal and in the law (forensic evidence collection, minors and custody issues). Conclusions: The similarities between the practise of sexual health, sexual assault and forensic medicine make the transition between the specialties smooth and relatively easy. Indeed the practice of one enhances the other two for clients and clinicians alike.
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AshaRani, P. V., Syidda Amron, Noor Azizah Bte Zainuldin, et al. "Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify Potential Genetic Risk in Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Feasibility Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (2021): 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132810.
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Genetics intersects with environmental, cultural, and social factors in the development of addictive disorders. This study reports the feasibility of whole-exome sequencing of trios (subject and two family members) to discover potential genetic variants in the development of substance use disorders (SUD). Family trios were recruited from the National Addictions Management Service in Singapore during the 2016–2018 period. Recruited subjects had severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or opioid use disorder (OUD), with nicotine dependence (ND) and a family history of addictive disorders. Demographic characteristics and severity of addiction were captured. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and analysis were performed on salivary samples collected from the trios. WES revealed variants in several genes in each individual and disruptive protein mutations in most. Variants were identified in genes previously associated with SUDs, such as Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 3 (PLEKHM3), coiled-coil serine-rich protein 1 (CCSER1), LIM and calponin homology domains-containing protein 1 (LIMCH1), dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 (DNAH8), and the taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38) involved in the perception of bitterness. The feasibility study suggests that subjects with a severe addiction profile, polysubstance use, and family history of addiction may often harbor gene variants that may predispose them to SUDs. This study could serve as a model for future precision medicine-based personalized interventional strategies for behavioral addictions and SUDs and for the discovery of potentially pathogenic genetic variants.
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Maeng, Jiyoun, Young-Jun Lim, Bongju Kim, Myung-Joo Kim, and Ho-Beom Kwon. "A New Approach to Accuracy Evaluation of Single-Tooth Abutment Using Two-Dimensional Analysis in Two Intraoral Scanners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (2019): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061021.
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The aim of this study was to two-dimensionally evaluate deviation errors at five digital cross-sections of single-tooth abutment in regards to data obtained from two intraoral scanners, and to evaluate accuracy of individual scanners. Two intraoral scanners, the Trios 3® (3 Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and EzScan® (Vatech, Hwaseong, Korea), were evaluated by utilizing 13 stone models. The superimposed 3D data files were sectioned into five different planes: buccal-lingual section (BL), mesial-distal section (MD), transverse high section (TH), transverse middle section (TM), and transverse low section (TL). Accuracy comparison between the two scanners in 5 groups was performed. BL vs. MD of each scanner, and three transverse groups (TH, TM, TL) of each scanner were analyzed for accuracy comparison. In comparison of 2-D analyses for two intraoral scanners, Trios 3® showed statistically significant higher accuracy in root mean square (RMS) at BL, TH, and TL (p < 0.05). For each scanner, RMS value showed that mesial-distal sections were more prone to error than buccal-lingual section, which exhibited statistically significant errors (p < 0.05) while the transverse groups did not. Two-dimensional analysis is more insightful than three-dimensional analysis on single-tooth abutment. In mesiodistal areas, rough prepped areas, and sharp edges where scanner accessibility is difficult, high deviation errors are shown.
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Buduru, Smaranda, Anca Mesaros, Daniel Talmaceanu, Oana Baru, Raul Ghiurca, and Raluca Cosgarea. "Occlusion in the digital era: a report on 3 cases." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 92 (December 13, 2019): S78—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/mpr-1524.
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In the following case studies we wish to discuss the necessity of making use of digital technology in the occlusion-oriented dental practice. In the three presented cases, patients underwent complex orthodontic, implant and prosthetic treatment, the aim being to re-establish the functionality of the dento-maxillary apparatus. The patients were evaluated clinically at the completion of the treatment. Subsequently, during the follow-ups (which varied between 2 and 4 years), clinical analysis using articulating paper was carried out and possible signs of relapse were specifically searched for. Occlusal clinical analysis was later on compared with the occlusion recorded using the TRIOS® 3 intraoral scanner (3Shape) and the T-Scan™ Novus™ device (TekScan). Clinical and digitally obtained scanner results were similar. The results yielded by the T-Scan™ Novus™ device were different and they were also relevant for elucidating the cause of the symptomatology.
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Howrigan, Daniel P., Samuel A. Rose, Kaitlin E. Samocha, et al. "Exome sequencing in schizophrenia-affected parent–offspring trios reveals risk conferred by protein-coding de novo mutations." Nature Neuroscience 23, no. 2 (2020): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41593-019-0564-3.
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Jin, Gan, Jong-Eun Kim, Na-Eun Nam, Seung-Ho Shin, and June-Sung Shim. "Accuracy Improvement of Intraoral Scanning and Buccal Bite Registration Using Healing Abutment as Landmarks: An In Vitro Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010318.
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This study aimed to determine the influence of the healing abutment (HA), placed at the implant placement site, on the accuracy of intraoral scanning and buccal bite registration in quadrant maxillary and mandibular models when using three types of intraoral scanner (IOS) and elucidate the distribution of arch distortion. Six experimental groups based on whether the HA was connected and the location of missing teeth were digitized using one laboratory scanner (Identica T500) and three IOSs (Trios 3, CS3600, and i500). Three-way ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of the scanner, location and number of missing teeth, and HA using Tukey investigation analyses for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). Linear distances between hemispheres from the upper and lower arches were analyzed using the Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test to investigate the tendency of distortion from anterior to posterior tooth positions (α = 0.05). The accuracy of IOSs in groups with HAs was found significantly more accurate than groups without HAs. There was a significant trend in distortion from anterior to posterior tooth positions when using the Trios 3 and i500 IOSs. The scanning accuracy was affected by the presence of an HA, and the distortion along with the arch span may vary with the IOS utilized.
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Khan, Mahamad Irfanulla, Prashanth C.S, Mohammed S. Mustak, and Sheikh Nizamuddin. "Maternal Transmission of the PAX7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms among Indian Cleft Trios." Global Medical Genetics 10, no. 01 (2023): 006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760383.
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AbstractCleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the human face with a complex etiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have shown the association of the paired box 7 (PAX7) gene with CL/P in different populations worldwide. However, the current literature reveals no reported case-parent trio studies to evaluate the association between the PAX7 gene and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Indian population. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the PAX7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the etiology of NSCL/P among the Indian cleft trios. Forty Indian case-parent trios of NSCL/P were included. The cases and their parents' genomic DNA were extracted. The SNPs rs9439714, rs1339062, rs6695765, rs742071, and rs618941of the PAX7 gene were genotyped using the Agena Bio MassARRAY analysis. The allelic transmission disequilibrium test was performed using PLINK software while pair-wise linkage disequilibrium by the Haploview program. The SNP rs9439714 showed evidence of association (p-value = 0.02, odds ratio = 3) with NSCL/P. Considering the parent-of-origin effects, the SNPs rs9439714 and rs618941 showed an excess maternal transmission of allele C at rs9439714 (p-value = 0.05) and G allele at rs618941 (p-value = 0.04). The results of the present study suggested that the SNPs rs9439714 and rs618941 showed an excess maternal transmission of alleles suggestive of the possible role of the PAX7 gene involvement in the etiology of NSCL/P in the Indian population.
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Wu, Qi-Wen, Peng-Cheng Cai, Ling Wang, Yi-Rong Li, Ling-Ling Kong, and Li-Hua Hu. "Family-Based Association Study of Tim-1 and Tim-3 Gene Polymorphisms with Childhood Asthma in Chinese Trios." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 150, no. 3 (2009): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000222677.
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Hommersom, Annelies, Susanne Kratzer, Marnix Laanen, et al. "Intercomparison in the field between the new WISP-3 and other radiometers (TriOS Ramses, ASD FieldSpec, and TACCS)." Journal of Applied Remote Sensing 6, no. 1 (2012): 063615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.6.063615.
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Furukawa, *Sawako, Itaru Kushima, Hiroki Kimura, et al. "WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE ASD TRIOS: UNRAVELING PATHOGENIC VARIANTS." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 28, Supplement_1 (2025): i59. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.102.
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Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. De novo variants, spontaneously arising and not inherited, play a pivotal role in ASD pathogenesis. Advancements in sequencing technology have expanded our ability to detect these genetic variants. With advancements in sequencing technology, our group embarked on whole genome sequencing (WGS), a method now in the limelight. This report details our initial WGS analysis on a Japanese ASD trio sample. Aims & Objectives Detect de novo variants of various sizes and types. Ascertain pathogenicity of de novo and other variants. Characterize the clinical phenotypes of ASD patients bearing these pathogenic variants. Method DNA samples was obtained from 57 patients with autism spectrum disorder and their parents. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Nagoya University and each participating institute. Written informed consent was procured from all participants. Preliminary screening ensured the absence of pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) as identified by array comparative hybridization (aCGH). We performed short-read WGS on the MGI T7 platform and detected rare single nucleotide variants (SNVs) or insertion– deletion variants (INDELs) and rare CNVs. This was followed by a trio analysis to identify de novo, inherited homozygous, and hemizygous variants. Results On average, 60 de novo SNVs and INDELs were detected per individual. Of these, 8 de novo variants localized to exonic regions linked to known ASD genes. We revealed a potential novel loss-of-function variant in BSN, a presynaptic gene. Nine exonic homozygous and hemizygous variants appeared as candidates. Within the rare CNVs encompassing coding regions, we identified 4 de novo, 15 homozygous, and 3 hemizygous variants. This includes a de novo duplication of TRIM49 in a patient with ASD and intellectual disability (ID), a homozygous loss of ARHGAP11B, the human-specific gene in a patient with ASD and ID (both parents exhibited a heterozygous loss of this region). Additionally, 10 rare CNVs, inherited either paternally or maternally, were located in genes previously associated with ASD/DD (developmental disorder), encompassing a maternal duplication of RHEB— a component of the mTOR pathway— in a patient diagnosed with ASD, ID, and a brain tumor. A maternal 15q11.2 duplication was also detected in another patient with ASD and ID. Furthermore, while estimating clinical significance was challenging, CNVs encompassing non-coding regions and regulatory elements related to known ASD/DD genes were also identified in several patients. Notably, ASD patients with discernible pathogenic variants often exhibited comorbidities, such as ID, epilepsy, and distinct physical traits. Utilizing WGS enhanced the detection rate of variants that elucidated the underlying pathogenesis of ASD. Discussion & Conclusion Our trio-based WGS strategy facilitated the detection of minute CNVs, overlooked by aCGH. This approach yielded a more precise evaluation of the pathogenic and clinical implications when contrasted with parental genetic information. While our current short-read methodology had its limitations with certain sequences, the advent and adoption of long-read sequencing promises more accurate analyses in forthcoming studies.
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Bhatia, Niharika, and Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy Pandian. "Evaluation of the accuracy of full-arch impressions between three different intraoral scanners and conventional impressions: A prospective in vivo study." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 18, no. 1 (2024): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/joddd.40841.
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<strong data-sider-select-id="bc467b4a-f3fa-459c-ac3f-000e49c9414d">Background. This in-vivo study evaluated the accuracy of full-arch digital impressions obtained through different intraoral scanning technologies regarding trueness and efficiency against the standard alginate impressions. <strong data-sider-select-id="482190c3-539f-48aa-8b34-c83f0a64de34">Methods. Alginate impressions were taken from 50 subjects, and the resulting stone casts were scanned using the Trios 3Shape desktop scanner. In-vivo scans were conducted on each participant using three intraoral scanners: Medit, CEREC Primescan, and 3Shape Trios. The scanned files were superimposed onto two software platforms: the 3Shape Orthoanalyser and Geomagic software. This superimposition was performed against the reference model to calculate 3D and 2D deviations, enabling efficiency comparisons between digital and traditional workflows based on work time in minutes. Measurements and comparisons were made in three planes: transverse, sagittal, and vertical dimensions for all the models and stone casts. Statistical analysis employed SPSS 23, with the significance level set at <em data-sider-select-id="ac5730f5-9854-4a8a-9470-54797162ca0d">P<0.05. <strong data-sider-select-id="3a936140-b0fd-4415-85c0-ec5616f0db07">Results. Significant deviations were observed between the three intraoral scanners and the alginate impression, with molar and premolar areas showing greater imprecision across dental arches. Compared to the alginate technique, Medit i500 tended to reduce the transverse dimension in the areas mentioned above, while CEREC exhibited higher precision. Molar and premolar areas emerged as the regions with the greatest discrepancies, both in excess and deficiency, compared to the alginate impression. This difference in dimensions was, however, statistically insignificant overall. 3Shape Trios exhibited the shortest scan times, indicating higher efficiency. Among the intraoral scanners, Medit recorded the longest scanning duration. <strong data-sider-select-id="2bfb13a9-65b3-450a-a991-d5a3c6423566">Conclusion. Accepting the null hypothesis, the scans obtained using all three scanners were comparable with statistically insignificant differences in the measurements. The three scanners differed in the total scan time taken, with the Medit scanner requiring the longest scan time and the 3Shape TRIOS 3 scanner demonstrating the shortest scan duration.
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Nam, Huỳnh Công Nhật, Vũ Thế Dương, Ngô Hà An, Nguyễn Hoàng Lâm, Trần Chí Nguyên та Lê Đức Thịnh. "Độ chính xác của dấu kỹ thuật số ống tuỷ mang chốt ở các chiều dài khác nhau - nghiên cứu in-vitro". Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học 189, № 4 (2025): 82–89. https://doi.org/10.52852/tcncyh.v189i4.3294.
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Nghiên cứu này đánh giá độ chính xác (gồm độ đúng và độ chụm) của dấu kỹ thuật số của máy quét trong miệng (IOS) trong việc lấy dấu ống tuỷ mang chốt ở các chiều dài khác nhau. Thử nghiệm in-vitro được thực hiện trên 3 mô hình ống tuỷ mang chốt được thiết kế và in 3D với các độ sâu lần lượt là 8, 9 và 10mm. Các mẫu răng sẽ được quét bằng IOS Trios 3 và so sánh với bản tham chiếu là mẫu thiết kế 3D. Hình ảnh từ máy quét được chồng hình và tính toán độ sai biệt so với hình ảnh tham chiếu tại 3 vị trí (1/3 cổ, 1/3 giữa và 1/3 chóp) tương ứng với 3 độ sâu khác nhau của ống tuỷ mang chốt. Độ chính xác của hình ảnh từ IOS giảm dần theo chiều dài ống tuỷ mang chốt. Mô hình ống tuỷ mang chốt với chiều dài 8mm có độ đúng cao nhất ở cả 3 phần của ống tuỷ mang chốt, trong khi đó mô hình ống tuỷ mang chốt có chiều dài 9mm và 10mm giảm dần độ chính xác ở phần ba chóp có ý nghĩa thống kê. Khảo sát độ chụm giữa các mẫu quét cho thấy không có sự chênh lệch có ý nghĩa thống kê ở chiều dài 8, 9mm, tuy nhiên tại 1/3 chóp ở nhóm 10mm có độ chụm sai lệch với những nhóm còn lại. Chiều dài ống tuỷ mang chốt ảnh hưởng đến độ chính xác của máy quét Trios 3, gây nguy cơ giảm độ khít sát của chốt chân răng thực hiện bằng phương pháp CAD/CAM và ống tuỷ mang chốt 8mm là chiều dài ống tuỷ mang chốt khuyến nghị tối đa để đảm bảo độ chính xác của dữ liệu quét.
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Alikas, Krista, Viktor Vabson, Ilmar Ansko, et al. "Comparison of Above-Water Seabird and TriOS Radiometers along an Atlantic Meridional Transect." Remote Sensing 12, no. 10 (2020): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101669.
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The Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Color (FRM4SOC) project has carried out a range of activities to evaluate and improve the state-of-the-art in ocean color radiometry. This paper described the results from a ship-based intercomparison conducted on the Atlantic Meridional Transect 27 from 23rd September to 5th November 2017. Two different radiometric systems, TriOS-Radiation Measurement Sensor with Enhanced Spectral resolution (RAMSES) and Seabird-Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System (HyperSAS), were compared and operated side-by-side over a wide range of Atlantic provinces and environmental conditions. Both systems were calibrated for traceability to SI (Système international) units at the same optical laboratory under uniform conditions before and after the field campaign. The in situ results and their accompanying uncertainties were evaluated using the same data handling protocols. The field data revealed variability in the responsivity between TRiOS and Seabird sensors, which is dependent on the ambient environmental and illumination conditions. The straylight effects for individual sensors were mostly within ±3%. A near infra-red (NIR) similarity correction changed the water-leaving reflectance (ρw) and water-leaving radiance (Lw) spectra significantly, bringing also a convergence in outliers. For improving the estimates of in situ uncertainty, it is recommended that additional characterization of radiometers and environmental ancillary measurements are undertaken. In general, the comparison of radiometric systems showed agreement within the evaluated uncertainty limits. Consistency of in situ results with the available Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) data in the range from (400…560) nm was also satisfactory (−8% < Mean Percentage Difference (MPD) < 15%) and showed good agreement in terms of the shape of the spectra and absolute values.
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Shadrina, Mariya, Özem Kalay, Sinem Demirkaya-Budak, et al. "Efficient identification of de novo mutations in family trios: a consensus-based informatic approach." Life Science Alliance 8, no. 6 (2025): e202403039. https://doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202403039.
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Accurate identification of de novo variants (DNVs) remains challenging despite advances in sequencing technologies, often requiring ad hoc filters and manual inspection. Here, we explored a purely informatic, consensus-based approach for identifying DNVs in proband–parent trios using short-read genome sequencing data. We evaluated variant calls generated by three sequence analysis pipelines—GATK HaplotypeCaller, DeepTrio, and Velsera GRAF—and examined the assumption that a requirement of consensus can serve as an effective filter for high-quality DNVs. Comparison with a highly accurate DNV set, validated previously by manual inspection and Sanger sequencing, demonstrated that consensus filtering, followed by a force-calling procedure, effectively removed false-positive calls, achieving 98.0–99.4% precision. At the same time, sensitivity of the workflow based on the previously established DNVs reached 99.4%. Validation in the HG002-3-4 Genome-in-a-Bottle trio confirmed its robustness, with precision reaching 99.2% and sensitivity up to 96.6%. We believe that this consensus approach can be widely implemented as an automated bioinformatics workflow suitable for large-scale analyses without the need for manual intervention, especially when very high precision is valued over sensitivity.
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Yoo, Hanik K., Seockhoon Chung, Jin Pyo Hong, Boong-Nyun Kim, and Soo Churl Cho. "Microsatellite Marker in Gamma - Aminobutyric Acid - A Receptor Beta 3 Subunit Gene and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Korean Trios." Yonsei Medical Journal 50, no. 2 (2009): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2009.50.2.304.
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Casucci, Alessio, Giulia Verniani, Ralph Habib, Nicolò Maria Ricci, Clelia Carboncini, and Marco Ferrari. "Accuracy of Four Intra-Oral Scanners in Subgingival Vertical Preparation: An In Vitro 3-Dimensional Comparative Analysis." Materials 16, no. 19 (2023): 6553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196553.
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One of the most critical aspects in intraoral impression is the detection of the finish line, particularly in the case of subgingival preparations. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy among four different Intra Oral Scanners (IOSs) in scanning a subgingival vertical margins preparation (VP). A reference maxillary typodont (MT) was fabricated with a VP for full crown on #16 and #21. The MT was scanned with a laboratory scanner (Aadva lab scanner, GC, Tokyo, Japan) to obtain a digital MT (dMT) in .stl format file. A group of 40 digital casts (dIOC) were obtained by scanning the MT 10 times with four different IOSs: Trios 3, 3Shape A/S; I700, Medit; Vivascan, Ivoclar; and Experimental IOS, GC. All the obtained dIOCs were imported into an inspection software program (Geomagic Control X; 3D SYSTEMS) to be superimposed to the dMT in order to calculate trueness. Therefore, in order to calculate precision, all the scans of the same scanner group were superimposed onto the cast that obtained the best result of trueness. The results were collected as the root mean square value (RMS) on the #16 and #21 abutment surfaces and on a marginal area positioned 1 mm above and below the gingival margin. A nonparametric analysis Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare the RMS values obtained in the different iOS groups for trueness and precision. Statistical significance was set at 0.05. For the trueness on the #16 abutment, the Vivascan reported statistically lower values, while on the #21 abutment, Vivascan (56.0 ± 12.1) and Experimental IOS, GC (59.2 ± 2.7) performed statistically better than the others. Regarding precision, Experimental IOS, GC were significantly better than the others on #16 (10.7 ± 2.1) and in the #21 area Experimental, GC, and Trios 3 performed statistically better(16.9 ± 13.8; 18.0 ± 2.7). At the subgingival marginal level for both #16 and #21, all the IOS reported reduced accuracy compared to clinical acceptance.
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Carrillo Vaca, David Gerardo, and Jaime Leonardo Astudillo Ortiz. "Precisión de las impresiones digitales intraorales: una revisión de literatura." Odontología 23, no. 2 (2021): e3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.29166/odontologia.vol23.n2.2021-e3446.
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Las impresiones digitales intraorales pueden variar en precisión y veracidad, dependiendo del escáner utilizado. Estos parámetros no han sido estudiados a profundidad. Objetivo: Analizar y comparar las características de exactitud (precisión y veracidad) de las impresiones digitales intraorales. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed y Cochcrane para identificar estudios relevantes sobre exactitud en impresiones digitales intraorales mediante superposición de imágenes, y modelos patrón para prótesis fija unitaria o arcos cortos, las características de los estudios fueron delimitadas por el sistema PICOS, recomendado por la guía PRISMA. Resultados: 3 estudios seleccionados cumplieron con todos los criterios de elegibilidad previamente establecidos. Los escáneres analizados y sus resultados de precisión y veracidad en los 3 estudios fueron: Bluecam: 12.7±2.6 um / 17.5±1.8 um, Omnicam: 12.5±3.7 um / 13.8±1.4 um. Carestream 3500: 0.014 mm / 13±1, Zfx Intrascan: 0.033 mm / 30±10-45, Bluecam: 0.029 mm / 22.5±25-30, Omnicam: 0.031 mm / 30±32.5-27.5, True definition: 0.011 mm / 10±2.5-7.5. E4D dentist: 97.6±109.2 um / 114.2±80.7 um, Fastscan: 26.0±24.4 um / 45.2±29.8 um, iTero: 25.8±22.5 um / 52.1±38.8 um, Trios: 13.0±12.1 / 49.7±36.6 um, Zfx Intrascan: 132.3±124.4 um / 89.4±64.2 um. Conclusiones: Los estudios seleccionados encontraron diferentes valores de precisión y veracidad según el tipo de escáner, los de mejor rendimiento fueron: En precisión: Bluecam, Trios, Carestream 3500. Mientras que en veracidad fueron: True Definition, Omnicam, Fastscan.
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BURKHARDT, JANA, ELISABETH PETIT-TEIXEIRA, VITOR HUGO TEIXEIRA, et al. "Association of the X-Chromosomal Genes TIMP1 and IL9R with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 10 (2009): 2149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090059.
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Objective.Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease with features of an autoimmune disease with female predominance. Candidate genes located on the X-chromosome were selected for a family trio-based association study.Methods.A total of 1452 individuals belonging to 3 different sample sets were genotyped for 16 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 7 genes. The first 2 sets consisted of 100 family trios, each of French Caucasian origin, and the third of 284 additional family trios of European Caucasian origin. Subgroups were analyzed according to sex of patient and presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) autoantibodies.Results.Four SNP were associated with RA in the first sample set and were genotyped in the second set. In combined analysis of sets 1 and 2, evidence remained for association of 3 SNP in the genes UBA1, TIMP1, and IL9R. These were again genotyped in the third sample set. Two SNP were associated with RA in the joint analysis of all samples: rs6520278 (TIMP1) was associated with RA in general (p = 0.035) and rs3093457 (IL9R) with anti-CCP-positive RA patients (p = 0.037) and male RA patients (p = 0.010). A comparison of the results with data from whole-genome association studies further supports an association of RA with TIMPL The sex-specific association of rs3093457 (IL9R) was supported by the observation that men homozygous for rs3093457-CC are at a significantly higher risk to develop RA than women (risk ratio male/female = 2.98; p = 0.048).Conclusion.We provide evidence for an association of at least 2 X-chromosomal genes with RA: TIMP1 (rs6520278) and IL9R (rs3093457).
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Ganesh, Karuna, Ronak Shah, Efsevia Vakiani, et al. "Clinical prognostic factors and genomic analysis of ovary metastases (mets) from colorectal cancer (CRC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 4_suppl (2016): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.4_suppl.564.
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564 Background: Ovary mets constitute 5-10% of CRC mets, are associated with poor prognosis, cause morbidity due to disproportionately rapid growth compared with other mets and are less responsive to chemotherapy. The optimal management of ovary mets and the molecular basis of their unique growth pattern is unknown. Methods: 505 MSKCC patients with CRC (ICD-9 153, 154) and ovary mets (ICD-9 198.6) were identified. Patients without available pathology, with appendix cancer or only serosal ovary mets were excluded. Regression models were used to identify predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after surgery. Targeted exome sequencing of 341 cancer-associated genes was performed on 34 CRC ovary mets, including 20 matched pairs or trios of primary tumors, ovary mets and other mets from the same patient. Results: 184 patients with surgically resected CRC ovary mets were evaluated (median age 50 (17-86); OS 40 months (0.8-218) from CRC diagnosis, 23 months (0.2-199) from oophorectomy). 93/116 (80.2%) evaluable patients had concurrent growth of ovary mets on chemotherapy but shrinkage of other mets. In multivariate analysis, optimal surgical debulking was associated with improved PFS (HR = 0.11 (0.04-0.36)) and OS (HR = 0.42 (0.28-0.63)). Discordant ovary therapy response was associated with early progression (HR = 20.8 (1.59-274), and post-oophorectomy chemotherapy with reduced mortality (HR = 0.53 (0.33-0.84)). Ovary mets had increased KRAS (61.7% vs. 45.2%, p= 0.05) and SMAD4 (29.4% vs. 15.5%, p= 0.04) mutations compared to a 453 CRC cohort without ovary mets. In matched trios, mutations were largely concordant across tumor sites and no recurrent ovary met-specific mutations were found. However, 3/14 cases had identical mutations in the ovary mets and primary tumors, but additional private mutations in other mets. Conclusions: CRC ovary mets have frequent KRAS and SMAD4 mutations. Matched trios show clonal similarities between primary tumors and ovary mets, and divergence from other mets. Complete surgical resection of ovary mets is associated with substantially improved PFS and OS, similar to outcomes for localized CRC.
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Ciocan, Lucian Toma, Vlad Gabriel Vasilescu, Sabina-Ana Răuță, Mihaela Pantea, Silviu-Mirel Pițuru, and Marina Imre. "Comparative Analysis of Four Different Intraoral Scanners: An In Vitro Study." Diagnostics 14, no. 13 (2024): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131453.
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(1) Background: Intraoral scanners undergo rapid advancements in hardware and software, prompting frequent updates by manufacturers. (2) Aim: This study aimed to quantitatively assess the precision of full dental arch digital impressions obtained from four different intraoral scanners: Trios 5—3SHAPE, Copenhagen, Denmark, CEREC Primescan— Dentsply Sirona, New York, NY, USA, Planmeca Emerald S—Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland, and Medit i700—Medit Corp, Seoul, Republic of Korea. (3) Methods: A maxillary virtual dental model (digital master model) was created in accordance with ISO standard 20896-1. Subsequently, a 3D-printed model was obtained from the master model’s STL file and scanned 15 times consecutively with each scanner. STL files were aligned with the master model’s STL using Medit Link—Medit Design software v.3.1.0. The accuracy was evaluated by measuring deviations in micrometers between each scanner’s scans and the master model. (4) Results: The study revealed variations in accuracy ranging from 23 to 32 µm across scans of the same dental arch, irrespective of the scanner used and scanning strategy employed. The anterior regions exhibited higher precision (Mean Absolute Deviation of 112 µm) compared to the posterior regions (Mean Absolute Deviation of 127 µm). Trios 5 demonstrated the smallest deviation (average 112 µm), indicating superior accuracy among the scanners tested. Emerald S and Medit i700 exhibited balanced performance (average 117 µm and 114 µm, respectively), while Primescan consistently displayed high deviation (average 127 µm). (5) Conclusions: Based on clinically accepted thresholds for accuracy in intraoral scanning, which are typically 200 µm for full arch scans, Trios 5 surpasses these benchmarks with its average deviation falling within the 200 µm range. Emerald S and Medit i700 also meet these standards, while Primescan, although showing high overall deviation, approaches the upper limit of clinical acceptability. Considering the limitations of an in vitro investigation, the findings demonstrate that each intraoral scanner under evaluation is capable of reliably and consistently capturing a full arch scan for dentate patients.
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Ezmek, Bahadır. "Endokron diş preparasyon derinliğinin ve kavite duvarı açılanmasının intraoral tarayıcı doğruluğu üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi: İn vitro çalışma." Journal of International Dental Sciences 10, no. 3 (2024): 146–52. https://doi.org/10.21306/dishekimligi.1535409.
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Amaç Bu in-vitro çalışmada, farklı kavite derinliklerine (KD) ve kavite duvarı açılanmalarına (KDA) sahip endokron diş preparasyonlarının ağız içi tarayıcının doğruluğu üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirildi. Gereç ve Yöntemler 2, 3 ve 4 mm KD ve 80, 100 ve 120 KDA sahip EDP’ler dijital olarak tasarlandı. Dokuz Dijital tasarım stereolitografi 3D yazıcıya (Form3B) aktarıldı ve model reçine (Model V3) kullanılarak modeller üretildi. Referans veriler, modellerin endüstriyel tarayıcı da (ATOS) taranması ile elde edildi. Her bir model ağız içi tarayıcı (Trios-4) ile 10 kere tarandı. Tarama dosyaları 3 boyutlu analiz yazılımı (Geomagic Control X) kullanılarak referans dosyaları ile çakıştırıldı ve 3 boyutlu karşılaştırma yapıldı. Tüm veriler 2 yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey HSD testleri ile analiz edildi (α= .05). Bulgular 4 mm KD’ye sahip endokronlardaki sapmanın (30,43± 3,18 µm); 3 mm KD’ye (27,47± 3,15 µm) ve 2 mm KD’ye (23,57± 1,27 µm) sahip endokronlardan istatistiksel olarak daha fazla olduğu görüldü (p
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D’haese, Rani, Tom Vrombaut, Herman Roeykens, and Stefan Vandeweghe. "In Vitro Accuracy of Digital and Conventional Impressions for Full-Arch Implant-Supported Prostheses." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (2022): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030594.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of full-arch digital impressions when compared to conventional impressions, when performed on the abutment or implant level. Methods: One resin cast with six implants and another cast with six abutments were scanned with Primescan v5.1 (PS51), Primescan v5.2 (PS52), Trios 3 (T3), and Trios 4 (T4). Additionally, conventional impressions (A) were made, poured in gypsum, and digitized using a lab scanner (IScan D104i). A coordinate machine (Atos, GOM, Braunschweig, Germany) was used to generate the reference scan of both casts. For all scans, the position of the implants was calculated and matched with the reference scan. Angular and coronal measurements per implant were considered for trueness and precision. Results: For the implant-level model, PS52 performed significantly better in terms of trueness and precision compared to all other impressions, except for the angular trueness of A (p = 0.072) and the coronal trueness of PS51 (p = 1.000). For the abutment-level model, PS52 also performed significantly better than all other impressions, except for the coronal trueness and precision of A (p = 1.000). Conclusions: Digital impressions for full-arch implant supported prostheses can be as accurate as conventional impressions, depending on the intra-oral scanner and software. Overall, abutment level impressions were more accurate compared to implant level impressions.
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Johnson, Evan. "Brian Ferneyhough - BRIAN FERNEYHOUGH: complete works for string quartet & trios (3 CD). Arditti Quartet, Claron McFadden (sop.). Aeon AECD 1335." Tempo 69, no. 271 (2015): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298214000783.
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Hattori, Mariko, Sandra Stadler, Yuka I. Sumita, et al. "Digitization of Dentate and Edentulous Maxillectomy and Mandibulectomy Defects with Three Different Intraoral Scanners: A Comparative In Vitro Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 22 (2024): 6810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13226810.
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Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the trueness and precision of three intraoral scanners (IOSs) for the digitization of dentate and edentulous maxillectomy and mandibulectomy defects in artificial models. Methods: Four representative defect models—a dentate and an edentulous maxillectomy model and a dentate and an edentulous mandibulectomy model—were used for digital scanning. After a reference scan of each model, they were scanned with three IOSs: CEREC AC Omnicam, True Definition, and cara TRIOS 3. For comparison, five conventional impressions with a polysiloxane material were taken and digitized with a laboratory scanner. The obtained data were evaluated with three-dimensional (3D) inspection software and superimposed with the reference scan data by using a best-fit algorithm. The mean absolute 3D deviations of the IOS compared to the reference data (trueness) and when comparing the datasets within the IOS (precision) were analyzed. Linear mixed models and multiple pairwise comparisons were used for statistical analyses. Results: The overall comparison of the four evaluated procedures for data acquisition showed a significant difference in trueness (p < 0.0001) and precision (p < 0.0001). The average mean trueness of the IOSs ranged from 32.17 to 204.43 µm, compared to 32.07 to 64.85 µm for conventional impressions. Here, the conventional impression and cara TRIOS 3 performed the most precisely with no significant difference. CEREC AC Omnicam achieved the worst precision. Conclusions: Using a suitable intraoral scanner, defective jaws even without teeth could be captured in satisfying accuracy. This shows the possibility to use an intraoral scanner for maxillofacial defect patients and gives a vision of using digital technology in maxillofacial prosthetics.
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Calabrese, Edward J., and Robert W. Tuthill. "The Massachusetts Blood Pressure Study, Part 3. Experimental Reduction of Sodium in Drinking Water: Effects On Blood Pressure." Toxicology and Industrial Health 1, no. 1 (1985): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378500100103.
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An experimental bottled water study assessed the effect on blood pressure of lowering Na concentration in the water of some of the high sodium community fourth graders. For three months, trios of children matched by sex, school, and baseline BP each used different water for all cooking and drinking purposes, with BP monitored bi-weekly. Pupils were randomly allocated to the three water conditions: (1) high sodium water bottled from their own community distribution system, (2) low sodium water bottled from the distribution system of the comparison community with sodium added to the level of the high sodium community water and (3) low sodium water bottled from the distribution system of the low sodium community but with no sodium added. The results indicate that BP levels among the girls but not boys on the low sodium water exhibited marked decreases in BP over the test period when compared to the other two groups.
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Phudphong, Pitchapa, Pokpong Amornvit, and Nattapong Sirintawat. "Comparison of Accuracy of Alginate Impression and Intraoral Scanner in Model with and without Orthodontic Brackets." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136037.
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Surgical splints are widely used in orthognathic surgery. The fitting of a surgical splint affects the success of the surgery. Stereolithography (STL), the method used to achieve accurate and reliable input files, is important for the manufacturing process of the surgical splint. Nowadays, data acquisition can be performed with the aid of an intraoral scanner (IOS) or impression materials. This in vitro study aimed to compare the trueness and precision of IOS (TRIOS3®, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and alginate impression (Kromopan®, Lascod, Florence, Italy) in a full-arch dental model with/without orthodontic brackets. Custom complete arch models were fabricated with a refractive index similar to that of tooth structure. A TRIOS3® intraoral scanner (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) and an alginate impression were used to duplicate the custom model without orthodontic brackets for complete arch scenarios (both upper and lower arches), n = 5. Subsequently, orthodontic brackets (Ormco®, Glendora, CA, USA) were attached to the custom model and the TRIOS® intraoral scanner and alginate impression were used again. Analysis was performed using 3-dimensional (3D) metrology software (GOM inspect®, GOM GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) to measure surface deviations between the STL files from the custom model to evaluate and compare their trueness and precision. All data were entered into Microsoft Excel and then transferred to SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The average surface deviations were compared between the TRIOS3® intraoral scanner and the alginate impression using a repeated measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with adjustment for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni’s correction. There were no significant differences in trueness and precision between TRIOS3® and alginate impression in full arch models with and without orthodontic brackets. Moreover, the accuracy of all groups was less than 100 microns, which was acceptable. Further in vivo studies are required to confirm these results.