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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trip generation model

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Academic literature on the topic 'Trip generation model'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Trip generation model"

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Alho, André Romano, and João de Abreu e. Silva. "Freight-Trip Generation Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2411, no. 1 (2014): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2411-06.

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Ali Safwat, K. Nabil, and Thomas L. Magnanti. "A Combined Trip Generation, Trip Distribution, Modal Split, and Trip Assignment Model." Transportation Science 22, no. 1 (1988): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.22.1.14.

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Fadhlansyah, Andika, and Nahry. "Home Delivery Trip Generation Model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1000, no. 1 (2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1000/1/012003.

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Abstract As a result of online shopping’s rapid development, more goods and services are being delivered directly into residences. The number of people who shop online using e-commerce platforms also increases with the Covid-19 pandemic and causes an increase in freight trip generation. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect freight trip generation and develop a freight trip generation model for home deliveries. Data collection is done using questionnaires with 273 people who reside in Jabodetabek as samples to understand the individual characteristics, household characteristics, and the number of freight trips generated by each residential unit. Collected data is analyzed using the multiple linear regression method into a multiple linear regression model. The result shows on multiple linear regression modeling only the home type, household income, and the number of vehicles have significance towards the model. This research can be used by city transportation authorities as a reference to predict the impact of urban area’s development on freight trip generation.

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Sreeparvathy, C. M., R. T. Arjun Siva Rathan, and K. Jayakesh. "Development of Trip Generation Model Using Linear Regression for Areas in Hyderabad City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (2024): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012096.

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Abstract Trip generation represent the measure of motive of travel and is an important parameter for predicting the future number of trips. In Indian scenario; trip generation tables that show relation between the trips originating from a specific land-use based on the number of units or on the floor area as in ITE manual is unavailable. The trips initiated from Veterinary colony, Shaikpet in Hyderabad and their contributing attributes are observed for the purpose of the study. Finding a trip generation model based on the observed parameters is the goal of this project. Characteristics that could contribute to trip generation, along with frequency of trip and other features of trips were taken as the data for generating a trip based model. Online survey through Google forms was adopted to gather the required data for trip generation model. The Google form was developed keeping in view of the parameters that would be required for the development of the model that includes distance, time of travel, mode and socio-economic background of the trip maker. For the trip generation model, linear regression analysis was chosen as the analytical method. In order to predict the trip generation pattern of individuals, the degree of correlation of the dependent variables on other independent variables, such as age, gender, income, travel time, travel cost, etc., was examined. Using R software’s statistical analysis tools, the obtained data were examined, and the best fitting answer was discovered based on the input variables. It was observed that the efficiency of the model can be escalated using further and intense data collection.

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Dinda, Raina Permitalia, Renni Anggraini, and Sugiarto Sugiarto. "MODEL BANGKITAN PERGERAKAN RUMAH TANGGA BAGI PENGGUNA SEPEDA MOTOR BERDASARKAN LOKASI TUJUAN PERJALANAN DI KOTA BANDA ACEH." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 1, no. 3 (2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v1i3.11759.

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Population growth in banda Aceh city is increasing every year resulting in increased community movement. Community movement in Banda Aceh city dominated by motorcycle users, there are several factors that influence the Trip generation of Household in Banda Aceh city. One of which is the characteristic of trip behaviour which is the location of the choosen destination of the community. This research aims to know the variables of socio-economic characteristics, demography, and trip behavior in 4 sub-districts that are jaya Baru sub-dsitrict, banda raya, Lueng bata, and Kuta raja sub-dsitrict in Banda Aceh city, obtained trip generation model of motorcycle users on the household base don selection of destination location travel, what factors that affect the trip generation and analyzing the probability and error rate from the selection of each generation. This method is done by using home interview survey method. Sampling of household population to be studied by using stratified random sampling method. Method use to obtained model and probability also the relationship of variables that influenced in this research is by binomial logistic regression analysis model then processed with the help of SPSS v20 software program. From this research obtained 2 models which are the trip generation model based on destination location of trip to other places with the most influential variables are job status and last education. The generation probability is ≤ 3 movements of 77% and generation probability 3 with movement of 23%. The second model is the trip generation model is based on the destination location of trip to office/school with the most influential variables are number of family members who attened school and number of family members, the probability of trip generation is. ≤ 5 movements of 81% and probability of trip generation5 movements of 19%. Both of two models also meets the specifications error value which si below 10%..

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Wang, Ying, and Kuan Min Chen. "Trip-Generation Forecasting Model Based on Entropy of Land-Use Mixing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.479.

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This study aimed to modify the traditional method of trip-generation by investigating the relation between trip generation and land use. Based on the interaction between urban land-use sorts and trip generation, the trip generation weights among different urban land-use sorts are determined by multiple regression analysis. Given full consideration of the land-use mixing degree, the entropy of traffic-zone-land-use mixing was calculated. An improved trip-generation model based on the entropy of land-use mixing was proposed by analyzing the relationship between trip-generation weight and land-use mixing degree. This method was tested through applying it to Xi’an urban trip generation forecasting. The result of the test shows that this method effectively illustrates the correlation between trip-generation demand and land-use mix sort, and has a better application prospect due to simple calculation, high reliability and feasibility.

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Haryanta, Adinda Rifqi Aprilliana, Verdy Ananda Upa, and Eka Apriliasi. "Trip Generation Model of Sawah Baru Residential, Ciputat District, South Tangerang Municipality." Jurnal Poli-Teknologi 23, no. 1 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/pt.v23i1.6503.

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Traffic congestion in Ciputat area due to increasing of trip generation unsupported by transportation facilities and adequate road network. Generally, solution that implemented is road network capacity upgrades with widening based on trip generation analysis. The purpose of this research to determine trip generation model, total of trip generation, factors that influence of trip generation, and characteristics of trip users on Sawah Baru residence Ciputat Tangerang Selatan. The research method used by household interview survey about number of family members, amount of income per month, number of people working, number of students, number of vehicle owners, amount of transportation costs per month, also trip data from family members daily. Data that has been collected then analyzed with multiple linear regression method used SPSS 25.0 application with significant level 95%. Trip generation model of Sawah Baru residence can be attained Y = 0,450 +0,833 X1 with R2(R square) = 0,833. Total of trip generation that is generated by Sawah Baru residence = 333 trip/day. Based on t Test with significant level <0,05, therefore an influential factors are number of family members, amount of family income, number of people working, number of students, vehicle owners, and transportation cost.

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Zhou, Zhong, Anthony Chen, and S. C. Wong. "Alternative formulations of a combined trip generation, trip distribution, modal split, and trip assignment model." European Journal of Operational Research 198, no. 1 (2009): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2008.07.041.

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Mchi, Akaawase Alexander, and Victor Umoren. "Trip Generation Model for Gboko Town, Benue State, Nigeria." Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 2, no. 3 (2023): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v2i3.59311.

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Nowadays many urban planning authorities especially in less developed countries have been struggling with traffic related challenges like traffic congestion, air pollution and traffic accidents in their cities. However, solutions to these problems cannot be achieved without rational planning decisions and cannot be attained without the basic understanding of the urban transport system. This study was carried out to assess commuter trip generation in Gboko town, Benue State with a view to estimate long-range future travel demand that would accommodate future transportation needs. Trip generation data was collected from 440 households using questionnaire and travel diary. The information from questionnaire and travel diary was used to prepare the origin-destination matrix, and gravity model was used to translate trip distribution into trip length frequency. Work trip had the greatest trip percentage (%) share among other trip purposes and was proxy for trip distribution. The 25-minute work trips dominated the urban trip pattern in Gboko town with 17.01 % annual increase. It implied that people would take much longer time and distance to reach their destination in Gboko town due to the large expanse of the town, or due to deficiency in public transit facilities and poor road infrastructure. Trip generation and distribution models for Gboko town provided accurate scenarios of the current travel pattern in the town and aided in forecasting future travel situations in the study area. The study recommended that urban transportation policy should encourage provision of public transit buses, incentives for public transit users and improve on the road network system to shorten the trip length frequency of the town.

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Gulden, Jeff, J. P. Goates, and Reid Ewing. "Mixed-Use Development Trip Generation Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2344, no. 1 (2013): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2344-11.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trip generation model"

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Kölbl, Robert Johann. "A bio-physical model of trip generation/trip distribution." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326306.

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Kim, Nam Seok. "Trip generation model for pedestrians based on NHTS 2001." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2838.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Hazel, G. McL. "A disaggregate trip generation model for the strategic planning control of private car trips to large foodstores." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3596.

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This thesis sets out to provide a model for the calculation of private car trips to large foodstores based on local area household characteristics. It recognises the weakness in predicting private-car trips to large stores using trip-rates obtained from surveys of stores in other areas. The trip generation model that is sought must be easily applied and must use readily accessible data. It is proposed therefore that a relationship be sought between private- car trips to the stores and the household characteristics, obtainable from census data, of the local catchment area. The model thus obtained would be used for strategic planning control.

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Chirumamilla, Kiranmai. "Discrete--continuous model of household vehicle ownership and trip generation a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=43&did=1679683611&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1254149430&clientId=28564.

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Morgan, Douglas Guy. "Development of a logit choice model of trip generation for the City of Calgary." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ49699.pdf.

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Ciccozzi, Federico. "From Models to Code and Back : A Round-trip Approach for Model-driven Engineering of Embedded Systems." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-23270.

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The complexity of modern systems is continuously growing, thus demanding novel powerful development approaches.In this direction, model-driven and component-based software engineering have reached the status of promising paradigms for the development of complex systems. Moreover, in the embedded domain, their combination is believed to be helpful in handling the ever-increasing complexity of such systems.However, in order for them and their combination to definitively break through at industrial level, code generated from models through model transformations should preserve system properties modelled at design level. This research work focuses on aiding the preservation of system properties throughout the entire development process across different abstraction levels. Towards this goal, we provide the possibility of analysing and preserving system properties through a development chain constituted of three steps: (i) generation of code from system models, (ii) execution and analysis of generated code, and (iii) back-propagation of analysis results to system models.With the introduction of steps (ii) and (iii), properties that are hard to predict at modelling level are compared with runtime values and this consequently allows the developer to work exclusively at modelling level thus focusing on optimising system models with the help of those values.<br>Denna doktorsavhandling presenterar nya och förbättrade tekniker för modelldriven och komponentbaserad utveckling av programvara. Syftet är att bevara systemegenskaper, som specificerats i modeller, genom de olika stadierna av utvecklingen och när modeller översätts mellan olika abstraktionsnivåer och till kod. Vi introducerar möjligheter att studera och bevara systemets egenskaper genom att skapa en kedja i tre steg som: (i) genererar kod från systemmodellen, (ii) exekverar och analyserar den genererade koden och (iii) slutligen återkopplar analysvärden till systemmodellen. Introduktionen av steg (ii) och (iii) gör det möjligt att genomföra en detaljerad analys av egenskaper som är svåra, eller till och med omöjliga, att studera med hjälp av endast systemmodeller. Fördelen med det här tillvägagångssättet är att det förenklar för utvecklaren som slipper arbeta direkt med kod för att ändra systemegenskaper. Istället kan utvecklaren arbeta helt och hållet med modeller och fokusera på optimering av systemmodeller med hjälp av analysvärden från testkörningar av systemet. Vi är övertygade om att denna typ av teknik är nödvändig att utveckla för att stödja modelldriven utveckling av programvara eftersom dagens tekniker inte möjliggör för systemutvecklare att specificera, analysera och optimera systemegenskaper på modellnivå.<br>La continua crescita in complessitá dei sistemi software moderni porta alla necessitá di definire nuovi e piú efficaci approcci di sviluppo. In questa direzione, metodi basati su modelli (model-driven engineering) e componenti (component-based software engineering) sono stati riconosciuti come promettenti nuove alternative per lo sviluppo di sistemi complessi. Inoltre l'interazione tra loro é ritenuta particolarmente vantaggiosa nella gestione nello sviluppo di sistemi integrati. Affinché questi approcci, cosí come la loro interazione, possano definitivamente prendere piede in campo industriale, il codice generato dai modelli tramite apposite transformazioni deve essere in grado di preservare le proprietá di sistema, sia funzionali che extra-funzionali, definite nei modelli. Il lavoro di ricerca presentato in questa tesi di dottorato si focalizza sul preservamento delle proprietá di sistema nell'intero processo di sviluppo e attraverso i diversi livelli di astrazione. Il risultato principale é rappresentato da un approccio automatico di round-trip engineering in grado di sostenere il preservamento delle proprietá di sistema attraverso: 1) generazione automatica di codice, 2) monitoraggio e analisi dell'esecuzione del codice generate su piattaforme specifiche, e 3) offrendo la possibilitá di propagare verticalmente i risultati da runtime al livello di modellazione. In questo modo, quelle proprietá che possono essere stimate staticamente solo in maniera approssimativa, vengono valutate in rapporto ai valori ottenuti a runtime. Ció permette di ottimizzare il sistema a livello di design attraverso i modelli, piuttosto che manualmente a livello di codice, per assicurare il preservamento degli proprietá di sistema d'interesse.

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Unal, Leyla. "Modeling Of Freight Transportation On Turkish Highways." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610783/index.pdf.

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Transportation planners are often faced with the problem of estimating passenger and freight flows between regions. In the literature there are many models for passenger flows. However, models about freight flows are more limited. Modeling freight flow is also more complex than modeling passenger flow and there are many agents related with freight flows. In addition, data availability is a critical factor. In this research, freight flows between provinces in T&uuml<br>rkiye are forecasted by demand analysis. Transportation is one of the important activities of human beings and plays an important role for spatial interactions in economic growth. In other words, there is a very strong linkage between economic growth and the freight flow, thus transportation demand. Regional trade as spatial flow appears on transportation systems as freight flows. In this study, using the existing limited data and surveys in T&uuml<br>rkiye, nationwide origin-destination (O-D) matrix of freight flows between provinces is obtained. Using this empirical matrix, the generation of freight flows of provinces is formulated depending on the socioeconomic and demographic variables by means of multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, interactions of freight flows between provinces and economic growth of regions are investigated. The generations and attractions of provinces as freight flow are distributed between provinces with traditional gravity model. By comparing observed O-D matrix and simulated O-D matrix, gravity model is calibrated. Calibration is also performed by freight trip length distribution. In this research, two steps of traditional &ldquo<br>four-step analysis&rdquo<br>, &ldquo<br>trip generation&rdquo<br>and &ldquo<br>trip distribution&rdquo<br>, are applied to develop nationwide freight demand model between the provinces in T&uuml<br>rkiye. The developed model is single-mode, single commodity and nationwide.

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Cabrera, Delgado Jorge. "Quelle prise en compte des dynamiques urbaines dans la prévision de la demande de transport ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877044.

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Dans la pratique de la planification urbaine, la prévision de la demande de transport fait en général appel au modèle à quatre étapes (génération, distribution, répartition modale et affectation), malgré des avancées théoriques considérables dans le domaine.Cette persistance s'explique par une facilité relative de mise en œuvre, liée notamment à la forme des données disponibles et susceptibles d'alimenter les modèles. Cependant, la nature statique de l'approche pose des interrogations quant à sa pertinence pour faire des prévisions de moyen-long terme. Cette thèse étudie, la validité de l'hypothèse de stabilité temporelle des trois premières étapes du modèle de prévision. Pour ce faire, en prenant l'agglomération lyonnaise comme terrain d'étude, nous avons codifié des réseaux routiers et de transports en commun à différentes dates (1985, 1995 et 2006). Cette donne, généralement indisponible, combinée aux enquêtes ménages déplacements correspondantes,nous permet de calibrer les trois premières étapes du modèle traditionnel et de tester leur capacité prédictive. Pour les modèles de génération, on note des prévisions acceptables à un horizon de 10 ans. À 20 ans, certaines évolutions dans les styles de vie se sont traduites paru ne baisse du nombre moyen de sorties pour le motif travail, que les modèles traditionnels ne permettent pas de prévoir complètement. Au niveau de la distribution, l'allongement des distances entre lieux de réalisation de certaines activités et le lieu de domicile peut être relativement bien reproduit par des modèles gravitaires avec des paramètres stables dans le temps. Au niveau de la répartition modale, les paramètres ne sont pas stables et les modèles estimés n'auraient pas permis de prévoir le regain de parts de marché des transports en commun observé ces dernières années.

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Freire, Burgos Edwin R. "Aviation Global Demand Forecast Model Development: Air Transportation Demand Distribution and Aircraft Fleet Evolution." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81313.

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The Portfolio Analysis Management Office (PAMO) for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) at NASA Headquarters tasked the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate at NASA Langley to combine efforts with Virginia Tech to develop a global demand model with the capability to predict future demand in the air transportation field. A previous study (Alsalous, 2015) started the development of the Global Demand Mode (GDM) to predict air travel demand based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population trends for 3,974 airports worldwide. The study was done from year 2016 to year 2040. This research project intends to enhance the GDM capabilities. A Fratar model is implemented for the distribution of the forecast demand during each year. The Fratar model uses a 3,974 by 3,974 origin-destination matrix to distribute the demand among 55,612 unique routes in the network. Moreover, the GDM is capable to estimate the aircraft fleet mix per route and the number of flights per aircraft that are needed to satisfy the forecast demand. The model adopts the aircraft fleet mix from the Official Airline Guide data for the year 2015. Once the aircraft types are distributed and flights are assigned, the GDM runs an aircraft retirement and replacement analysis to remove older generation aircraft from the network and replace them with existing or newer aircraft. The GDM continues to evolve worldwide aircraft fleet by introducing 14 new generation aircraft from Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, and Embraer and 5 Advanced Technology Aircraft from NASA.<br>Master of Science<br>The Portfolio Analysis Management Office (PAMO) for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) at NASA Headquarters tasked the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate at NASA Langley to combine efforts with Virginia Tech to develop a global demand model with the capability to predict future demand in the air transportation field. A previous study (Alsalous, 2015) started the development of the Global Demand Mode (GDM) to predict air travel demand based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population trends for 3,974 airports worldwide. The study was done from year 2016 to year 2040. The previous study done by Alsaous, predicts how many seats will be departing out of the 3,974 airports worldwide. This project intends to use the outputs of the GDM and distribute the seats predicted among the airports. The objective is to predict how many seats will be offered that will be departing from airport “A” and arriving at airport “B”. For this, a Fratar model was implemented. The second objective of this project is to estimate what will the aircraft fleet be in the future and how many flights will be needed to satisfy the predicted air travel demand. If the number of seats going from airport A to airport B is known, then, by analyzing real data it can be estimated what type of aircraft will be flying from airport “A” to airport “B” v and how many flights each aircraft will have to perform in order to satisfy the forecasted demand. Besides of estimating the type of aircraft that will be used in the future, the modeled created is capable of introducing new aircraft that are not part of the network yet. Fourteen new generation aircraft from Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, and Embraer and 5 Advanced Technology Aircraft from NASA.

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Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim. "Modelo baseado em agentes para estimar a geração e a distribuição de viagens intraurbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-31012012-081352/.

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Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo para estimar a geração e a distribuição de viagens intraurbanas baseado em agentes, denominado Modelo GDA. Neste modelo foram aplicadas simulações em Sistemas Multiagentes (SMA), nas quais foram usadas, como dados de entrada, informações relativas ao morador e ao uso do solo. Na estimativa da geração de viagens, a simulação SMA foi usada para estimar uma população sintética baseada nas informações sociodemográficas dos moradores e para obter um plano de atividades associado a cada morador. Na estimativa da distribuição de viagens, a simulação SMA foi usada para obter uma matriz Origem-Destino (OD) com base no plano de atividades dos moradores e nos atributos do uso do solo. Para definir os critérios da distribuição de viagens, foram testadas teorias alternativas à força gravitacional, como a teoria das redes livres de escala e o conceito de path dependence. Foi feita uma aplicação do Modelo GDA na cidade de São Carlos (SP), cujos resultados estimados foram comparados aos resultados observados, provenientes da pesquisa Origem-Destino (OD), e aos resultados estimados obtidos pela aplicação de modelos gravitacionais nesta cidade. Os resultados mostraram que os resultados estimados obtidos pelo Modelo GDA são tão acurados quanto aos do modelo gravitacional. Conclui-se que o Modelo GDA, comparativamente ao modelo gravitacional, possui vantagens quanto à sua aplicabilidade, pois em vez de serem utilizados pelo modelo dados provenientes de pesquisas de tráfego, geralmente onerosos e de difícil aquisição; são empregados dados acerca do morador e do uso do solo, de fácil coleta e atualização periódica.<br>In this work, an agent-based model in order to estimate trip generation and trip distribution in an intra-urban context (GDA model) is proposed. Simulations using Multiagent Systems (MAS), with input data concerning dwellers and land use were applied in this model. To estimate the trip generation, the MAS simulation was used to elaborate a synthetic population based on sociodemographic information of the dwellers and to obtain an activity plan of each dweller. To estimate the trip distribution, the MAS simulation was used to obtain an Origin-Destiny (OD) matrix based on the dwellers activity plans and the land use characteristics. To define the trip distribution rules, alternative theories to gravitational force like free scale networks and path dependence theories were tested. The GDA model was applied in the urban area of São Carlos (Brazil), whose estimates was compared to the observed data from the OD survey and the estimate data from the Gravity model applied in this same area. The results showed that the estimates from the GDA Model are as accurate as from the Gravity Model. It was observed that the GDA Model presents advantages in relation to the Gravity Model because instead of using traffic survey data, which often is expensive and difficult to get, it uses dwellers and land use information, which is periodically collected from government researches, making it easy for government agencies to obtain this information.

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Books on the topic "Trip generation model"

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Associates, Barton-Aschman. Model validation and reasonableness checking manual. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy, 2001.

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Washington (State). Dept. of Transportation., Cambridge Systematics, and Puget Sound Regional Council, eds. Final report: PSRC travel model documentation (for version 1.0), updated for congestion relief analysis. Cambridge Systematics, 2007.

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Horowitz, Alan J. Statewide travel forecasting models. Transportation Research Board, 2006.

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de, Jong Gerard, and RAND Europe, eds. Re-estimation of LMS time-of-day module project: Estimation results. RAND, 2002.

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Lipps, Oliver. Modellierung der individuellen Verhaltensvariationen bei der Verkehrsentstehung. Institut für Verkehrswesen, Universität Karlsruhe, 2001.

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Chen, Huey-Kuo. Dynamic travel choice models: A variational inequality approach. Springer, 1999.

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Wallace, Brett Patrick. Evaluation of travel demand management strategies in the trip generation phase of a network-based modeling approach. Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 1998.

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University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Department of Civil Engineering and Chicago Area Transportation Study, eds. Implementation and evaluation of combined models of urban travel and location on a sketch planning network. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1985.

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1947-, Hensher David A., and Button Kenneth John, eds. Handbook of transport modelling. Pergamon, 2000.

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G, Willumsen Luis, ed. Modelling transport. 3rd ed. J. Wiley, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trip generation model"

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Rajanandhini, V. M., and G. Elangovan. "Developing Trip Generation Model Using Response Surface Method." In Advances in Sustainable Construction Materials. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4590-4_11.

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Ando, Ryosuke, Shogo Kawakami, and Naojiro Aoshima. "Incorporating a Disaggregate Model for Trip Generation, Trip Distribution and Mode Choice." In Regional Science: Perspectives for the Future. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25514-6_24.

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Anand, Saumya, Pritikana Das, and G. R. Bivina. "Comparative Analysis of Trip Generation Model of Tier II Cities in India." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9654-0_18.

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Qawasmeh, Baraah. "Estimation of a Household Trip-Based Generation Model for the State of Michigan." In Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76025-9_9.

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Bidkar, Omkar, Ravikiran Jadhav, Prashant Bhaganagare, Ravikant S. Sathe, and Mangesh Survase. "Trip Generation and Trip End Modal Split Modelling for East Zone of Surat City." In Techno-Societal 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34648-4_31.

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Ferdman, Avigail, Daniel Shefer, and Shlomo Bekhor. "Land use variables in trip generation models: The case of the light rail transit in Tel Aviv." In Railway Development. Physica-Verlag HD, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1972-4_18.

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Guo, Diandian, Manxi Lin, Jialun Pei, He Tang, Yueming Jin, and Pheng-Ann Heng. "Tri-Modal Confluence with Temporal Dynamics for Scene Graph Generation in Operating Rooms." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72089-5_67.

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"Estimating the Impacts of Retailing Land-Use Scenarios on Shopping Trip Structure." In Logistics and Transport Modeling in Urban Goods Movement. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8292-2.ch005.

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This chapter proposes a decision support system, STG-Sim, that estimates the number of shopping trip chains as well as the related distances to assess the impacts of the retailing structure on the final part of goods transport chains: that of bringing purchased goods to the end-consumer's location. First, the methodological framework of the shopping trip chain estimation is proposed. It includes a generation model (for both motorized and pedestrian trips), a catchment area distribution model (to relate the shopping locations to the household's ones), and a distance estimation procedure. An application to the deployment of four retailing poles (two new ones and two extension ones) in Lyon, France, is also presented. Finally, practical implications and further developments are presented.

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Yueng Hee Sia, Phoebe, Siti Salina Saidin, and Yulita Hanum P. Iskandar. "A Conceptual Model of Emerging Mobile Travel Apps for Smart Tourism Among Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z." In Mobile Computing and Technology Applications in Tourism and Hospitality. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6904-7.ch009.

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Mobile travel apps are essential tools in trip planning; they provide local insights and recommendation on destinations. Smart tourism features the extensive use of information and communication technology (ICT) which is a new evolution of old-style tourism and e-tourism, emphasised on two approaches: augmented reality (AR) and big data (BD). Several tourism studies have discussed the positive and negative impacts of adopting smart mobile travel apps in the tourism industry. Different factors may affect the app's adoption and acceptance of new technology. However, the level of adoption of smart mobile travel apps depends on the traveller's characteristics as each generation has different characteristics in the adaptability of smart technology. Therefore, this research model is based on the integration of the DeLone and McLean IS success (IS) model and consumer acceptance and use of information technology (UTAUT2) model to determine the factors influencing behavioural intention to use mobile travel apps for smart tourism among Generations X, Y, and Z.

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Fabra, Javier, Valeria de Castro, Verónica Andrea Bollati, Pedro Álvarez, and Esperanza Marcos. "A Model-Driven Solution for the Automatic Generation of Executable Code from Business Process Models." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6026-7.ch010.

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The business goals of an enterprise process are traced to business process models with the aim of being carried out during the execution stage. The automatic translation from these models to fully executable code that can be simulated and round-trip engineered is still an open challenge in the Business Process Management field. Model-driven Engineering has proposed a set of methodologies to solve the existing gap between business analysts and software developers, but the expected results have not been reached yet. In order to rise to this challenge, in this chapter the authors propose a solution based on the integration of three previous proposals: SOD-M, DENEB, and MeTAGeM. On the one hand, SOD-M is a model-driven method for the development of service-oriented systems. Business analysts can use SOD-M to transform their business goals into composition service models, a type of model that represents business processes. On the other hand, DENEB is a platform for the development and execution of flexible business processes, represented by means of workflow models. The authors' approach focuses on the automatic transformation of SOD-M models to DENEB workflow models, resulting in a business process that is coded by a class of high-level Petri-nets, and it is directly executable in DENEB. The model transformation process has been automated using the MeTAGeM tool, which automatically generates the set of ATL rules required to transform SOD-M models to DENEB workflows. Finally, the integration of the three proposals has been illustrated by means of a real system related to the management of medical images.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trip generation model"

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Priya, Priyanshu, Desai Vishesh Yasheshbhai, Ratnesh Kumar Joshi, et al. "TRIP NEGOTIATOR: A Travel Persona-aware Reinforced Dialogue Generation Model for Personalized Integrative Negotiation in Tourism." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.967.

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Staruk, William, Inderjit Chopra, and Anubhav Datta. "Loads Prediction for a Gimbaled Tiltrotor in Conversion Flight Using CAD-Based 3-D Structural Analysis Models." In Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12065.

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This paper presents a method for modeling gimbaled rotor dynamics under trim conditions in X3D, a next-generation 3-D finite element based rotor structural dynamics solver. The rotor is modeled using a free flap hinge at the hub with a single blade, the motion of which is suppressed at integer multiples of the Nb per rev, where Nb is the number of blades. This is accomplished by introducing harmonics of the joint rotation angle as additional trim variables. Rotor frequencies are examined for a three-bladed gimbaled rotor model and are found to combine the modes of both free flap hinge and fixed flap hinge (cantilevered) one-bladed rotor models, similar to the behavior of a teetering rotor, justifying the gimbal modeling methodology. Gimbal flapping is examined for a proprotor in edgewise flight: successfully suppression of steady and 3/rev flapping indicates the gimbal model is performing as intended. The 6/rev and higher harmonics are negligible to begin with for this case and are left uncontrolled, but the same method can also be applied to suppress them if required. Airloads and blade loads are examined with a free flap hinge blade with the gimbal model, revealing an increase in 3/rev sectional normal aerodynamic force on the blade but a decrease in 3/rev flap and lag bending moment when the gimbal is added. Three-dimensional axial stress distribution at the blade root is examined, revealing only minor differences between the two hub rotor models, primarily in the flexbeam.

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Gladfelter, Matthew, David Caudle, Chengjian He, et al. "Enhancements, Verification, and VMS Integration of VTOL Concept Vehicle Simulation Models." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1225.

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Advanced Rotorcraft Technology (ART) and the NASA Ames Aeromechanics branch have jointly developed FLIGHTLAB® simulation models for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) VTOL concept vehicles. The overarching purpose of the simulation model development is to establish a set of well defined reference vehicles for FLIGHTLAB users and the rotorcraft community. The ongoing research effort and enhancement of these AAM simulation models to fulfill the role of quality reference vehicles is this paper's focus. The content of this paper expands on the established characteristics of these AAM models in three primary areas. First, enhancement of the lift + cruise and tiltwing models with elastic airframe properties is discussed. The process of setting up the elastic airframe model in FLIGHTLAB, as well as the impacts on flight characteristics are explained. The introduction of the elastic airframe modeling allows these models to be used in flight dynamics, loads, and vibration analysis of the configuration designs. Next, linear model generation from the enhanced simulation model is covered. Confirming the validity of the linearized models is of importance, as these linear models are utilized for flight control design and tuning for these experimental configurations. For the final focus, the progress towards implementation of these models into the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) is described. This task seeks to demonstrate the procedures of integrating a FLIGHTLAB flight simulation in the VMS environment, test fully integrated simulation with communication between flight dynamics, control, and propulsion models, and explore the essential aspects of simulation model integration in a full flight simulator environment. This includes I/O definition, initialization, trim, flying, etc. By expanding the capabilities of the AAM simulation models, they continue to develop as valuable and approachable modeling references.

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van, Berend, Ganesh Rajagopalan, Sung Jung, Marc Wentrup, and Jianping Yin. "A Simple Analytical Model for Investigation of Fuselage-Rotor Interference." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11491.

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A simple analytical model to account for fuselage-induced velocities at rotor blade elements and at rotor wake nodes is described. The method is applied to four different fuselage configurations: two rotor test rig bodies used in the NASA Ames Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex and two test rigs used by the DLR (German Aerospace Center) in the Large Low-speed Facility of the German-Dutch Wind tunnels in the Netherlands. The fuselage-induced flow fields in the volume of rotor operation above the respective fuselages are modeled in the range of angle of attack and sideslip applicable in the respective wind tunnel of their usage. Results for the effect of the fuselage, relative to the isolated rotor, on trim controls and rotor thrust are estimated using the blade element/momentum theory, and are compared to results obtained with a comprehensive rotor code. It is found that in forward flight fuselage effects mainly affect the lateral control, strongly depending on angle of attack. The rotor thrust can be varied by the presence of the fuselage, depending on its angle of attack, and the fuselage influence generally increases with flight speed. In sideslip conditions, the fuselage influence on cyclic controls shifts from mainly lateral control in forward flight to mainly longitudinal control in quartering flight. Significant differences in results emerge from the method of data generation, depending on the representation of separated flow (Navier-Stokes code) or not (Panel code).

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Yang, Min, Wei Wang, Xuewu Chen, and Wenyong Li. "Discrete Activity-Based Trip Generation Model for Commuters." In Sixth International Conference of Traffic and Transportation Studies Congress (ICTTS). American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40995(322)16.

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Li, Chunyan, and Jun Chen. "An Improvement of the Binary Logit Model for Trip Generation Forecasting." In 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2009.251.

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Di Donna, Simone Aniello, Guido Cantelmo, and Francesco Viti. "A Markov chain dynamic model for trip generation and distribution based on CDR." In 2015 International Conference on Models and Technologies for Intelligent Transportation Systems (MT-ITS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mtits.2015.7223263.

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Quintero Petit, Angela María, Mary Isabel Díaz Gallardo, and Emilio German Moreno González. "Trip Generation by Transportation Mode of Private School, Semi-private and Public. Case Study in Merida-Venezuela." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3410.

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The trip generation model (TGM) is the first step in transportation forecasting, this is useful for estimating travel demand because it can predict travel from or to a particular land use. Typically, the analysis focuses in residential trip generation as a function of the social and economic attributes of households, but nonresidential land use suggests others variables. Travel generator poles such as: Private school, Semi-private and Public, have not been studied in Venezuela. The TGMs that shows the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE), EE.UU, are used typically and could be not appropriate. By using stepwise regression and transformation of data, high correlation coefficients and substantial improvements in the variability of data from several schools they were found. The trip generation rates (TGRs) by transportation mode: walking, motorcycle, public transport and cars, can be compared and be included in the Ibero-American Network of travel attractors poles.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3410

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Zhenghong Peng, Wenting Dai, and Junfeng Xu. "Research on Trip-generation Forecasting Model based on neural networks and genetic algorithms." In 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536415.

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Zhao, Zhuoyao, Guolei Tang, Zhonghan Zhen, Hongwei Yan, and Wenjing Liu. "Simulation-based Estimation Model for Trip Generation and Attraction Caused by a Ro-Pax Terminal." In ICCMS '21: 2021 The 13th International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation. ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474963.3474984.

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Reports on the topic "Trip generation model"

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Virtucio, Michael, Barbaros Cetiner, Bingyu Zhao, Kenichi Soga, and Erturgul Taciroglu. A Granular Framework for Modeling the Capacity Loss and Recovery of Regional Transportation Networks under Seismic Hazards: A Case Study on the Port of Los Angeles. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxhg3206.

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Earthquakes, being both unpredictable and potentially destructive, pose great risks to critical infrastructure systems like transportation. It becomes crucial, therefore, to have both a fine-grained and holistic understanding of how the current state of a transportation system would fare during hypothetical hazard scenarios. This paper introduces a synthesis approach to assessing the impacts of earthquakes by coupling an image-based structure-and-site-specific bridge fragility generation methodology with regional-scale traffic simulations and economic loss prediction models. The proposed approach’s use of context-rich data such as OpenStreetMap and Google Street View enables incorporating information that is abstracted in standard loss analysis tools like HAZUS in order to construct nonlinear bridge models and corresponding fragility functions. The framework uses a semi-dynamic traffic assignment model run on a regional traffic network that includes all freeways and local roads (1,444,790 edges) and outputs traffic volume on roads before and after bridge closures due to an earthquake as well as impacts to individual trips (42,056,426 trips). The combination of these models enables granularity, facilitating a bottom-up approach to estimating costs incurred solely due to physical damage to the transportation network. As a case study, the proposed framework is applied to the road network surrounding the Port of Los Angeles---an infrastructure of crucial importance---for assessing resilience and losses at a high resolution. It is found that the port area is disproportionately impacted in the hypothetical earthquake scenario, and delays in bridge repair can lead to a 50% increase in costs.

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Oviedo, Daniel, Orlando Sabogal-Cardona, and Lynn Scholl. Ready to ride: security and transit-related determinants of ride-hailing adoption in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004656.

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Previous research on ride-hailing has focused on the effects that the built environment, demographic variables, and personal attitudes have on the frequency of ride-hailing use, finding that adopters are mainly young and highly educated people with increased levels of technology embracement. Despite that some scholars have shown that the convenience of ride-hailing such as their flexibility and major geographical coverage has led to users to prefer services provided by Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) over public transportation for some trips, there is a lack of research on how perceptions of public transit systems and TNCs can induce ride-hailing usage. In this article we extend the understanding of ride-hailing phenomena by proposing that structural gaps in public transit are key explanatory variables in the uptake and willingness to pay for ride-hailing trips. Building on an international survey in Mexico City, Bogotá, and Medellín, we develop a Structural Equation Model (SEM) incorporating latent variables expressing perceptions people have about features of ride-hailing and vulnerabilities in public transit. Results show that these variables are relevant. We also confirm that educational attainment and income are instrumental for ride-hailing trips, and that technology embracement is the most important variable to distinguish among levels of adoption. Findings inform public policy by focusing on the negative experiences of using public transit and how this could be generating more ride-hailing trips. TNCs are an attractive transport alternative that can fill gaps in public transit systems but that are also benefiting from structural problems in the transit systems.

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Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Ehsan Rahimi, Mohammadjavad Javadinasr, et al. Analyzing the Impacts of a Successful Diffusion of Shared E-Scooters and Other Micromobility Devices and Efficient Management Strategies for Successful Operations in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-006.

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Active transportation can play an important role in promoting more physically active and positive public health outcomes. While walking and biking provide significant physical health benefits, their modal share remains low. As a new form of micromobility service, shared e-scooters can enhance the suite of options available in cities to promote active transportation and fill in the gaps when walking or biking are not preferred. Although e-scooters show potential as a mode of transportation, it is unclear whether people will adopt the technology for everyday use. Furthermore, shared micromobility (e.g., electric scooters) is gaining attention as a complementary mode to public transit and is expected to offer a solution to access/egress for public transit. However, few studies have analyzed integrated usage of shared e-scooters and public transit systems while using panel data to measure spatial and temporal characteristics. This study aims to examine the adoption and frequency of shared e-scooter usage and provide policy implementation. To do so, the researchers launched a survey in the Chicago region in late 2020 and collected a rich data set that includes residents’ sociodemographic details and frequency of shared e-scooter use. To characterize the frequency, the researchers used an ordered probit structure. The findings show that respondents who are male, low income, Millennials and Generation Z, or do not have a vehicle are associated with a higher frequency of shared e-scooter use. Furthermore, this study utilizes shared e-scooter trips for a 35-day measurement period from 10 shared e-scooter operators in Chicago, where the researchers used a random-parameter negative binomial modeling approach to analyze panel effects. The findings highlight the critical role of spatial and temporal characteristics in the integration of shared e-scooters with transit.

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van Gemert, Rob, Per Holliland, Konrad Karlsson, Niklas Sjöberg, and Torbjörn Säterberg. Assessment of the eel stock in Sweden, spring 2024 : fifth post-evaluation of the Swedish eel management. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.4iseib7eup.

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For decades, the population of the European eel has been in severe decline. In 2007, the European Union decided on a Regulation establishing measures for the recovery of the stock, which obliged Member States to implement a national Eel Management Plan by 2009. Sweden submitted its plan in 2008. According to the Regulation, Member States shall report regularly to the EU-Commission, on the implementation of their Eel Management Plans and the progress achieved in protection and restoration. The current report provides an assessment of the eel stock in Sweden as of spring 2024, intending to feed into the national reporting to the EU in August this year. This report updates and extends previous evaluation reports by Dekker (2012, 2015) and Dekker et al. (2018, 2021). In this report, the impacts on the stock - of fishing, restocking and mortality related to hydropower generation - are assessed. Other anthropogenic impacts (climate change, pollution, increased impacts of predators, spread of parasites, disruption of migration due to disorientation after transport, and so forth) probably have an impact on the stock too, but these factors are hardly quantifiable, and no management targets have been set. For that reason, and because most factors were not included in the EU Eel Regulation, these other factors are not included in this report. Our focus is on the quantification of silver eel biomass escaping from continental waters towards the ocean (current, current potential and pristine) and mortality risks endured by those eels during their whole lifetime. The assessment is broken down on a geographical basis, with different impacts dominating in different areas (west coast, inland waters, Baltic coast). In the last decade, a break in the downward trend in glass eel recruitment has been observed, with recruitment no longer declining consistently. Whether that relates to recent protective actions, or is due to other factors, is yet unclear. Nevertheless, recruitment levels remain at historically low levels. This report contributes to the required international assessment, but does not discuss the causing factors behind the recent recruitment trend and the overall status of the stock across Europe. For the different assessment areas, results summarise as follows: On the west coast, a commercial fyke net fishery on yellow eel was exploiting the stock, until this fishery was completely closed in spring 2012. A fishery-based assessment no longer being achievable, we present trends from research surveys (fyke nets). Insufficient information is currently available to assess the recovery of the stock in absolute terms. Obviously, current fishing mortality is zero (disregarding the currently unquantifiable effect of illegal fishing), but none of the other requested stock indicators (current, current potential and pristine biomass) can be presented. The formerly exploited size-classes of the stock show a recovery in abundance after the closure of the commercial fishery, and the smaller size classes show a break in their decline in line with the recent global trend of glass eel recruitment. In order to support the recovery of the stock, or to compensate for anthropogenic mortality in inland waters, young eel has been restocked on the Swedish west coast since 2010. Noting the quantity of restocking involved, the expected effect (ca. 50 t silver eel) is relatively small, and hard to verify – in comparison to the potential natural stock on the west coast (an order of 1000 t). However, for the currently depleted stock, the contribution will likely constitute a larger share of silver eel escapement. For inland waters, this report updates the 2021 assessment, with substantial changes in methodology being the use of a new natural recruitment model, and the full separation of Trap & Transport catches from the fisheries statistics. The assessment for the inland waters relies on a reconstruction of the stock from information on the youngest eels in our waters (natural recruits, assisted migration, restocking). Based on 78 years of data on natural recruitment into 22 rivers, a statistical model is applied which relates the number of immigrating young eel caught in traps to the location and size of each river, the distance from the trap to the river mouth, and the year in which those eels recruited to continental waters as a glass eel (year class). The further into the Baltic, the larger and less numerous recruits generally are. Distance upstream comes with less numerous recruits. Using the results from the above recruitment analysis, in combination with historical data on assisted migration (young eels transported upstream within a drainage area, across barriers) and restocking (young eels imported into a river system), we have a complete overview of how many young eels recruited to Swedish inland waters. From this, the production of fully grown silver eel is estimated for every lake and year separately, based on best estimates of growth and natural mortality rates. Subtracting the catch made by the fishery (as recorded) and down-sizing for the mortality incurred when passing hydropower stations (percentwise, as recorded or using a default percentage), an estimate of the biomass of silver eel escaping from each river towards the sea is derived. Results indicate, that since 1960, the production of silver eel in inland waters has declined from over 700 to below 300 tonnes per year (t/yr). The production of naturally recruited eels is still falling; following the increase in restocking since 2010, an increase in restocking-based production is expected to be starting right around now. Gradually, restocking has replaced natural recruitment (assisted and fully natural), now making up over 90 % of the inland stock. Fisheries have taken 20-30 % of the silver eel (since the mid-1980s), while the impact of hydropower has ranged from 25 % to 60 %, depending on the year. Escapement is estimated to have varied from 72 t in the late 1990s, to 175 t in the early 2000s. The biomass of current escapement (including eels of restocked origin) is approximately 15 % of the pristine level (incl. restocked), or almost 30 % of the current potential biomass (incl. restocked). This is below the 40 % biomass limit of the Eel Regulation, and anthropogenic mortality (70 % over the entire life span in continental waters) exceeds the limit implied in the Eel Regulation (60 % mortality, the complement of 40 % survival). Mortality being that high, Swedish inland waters currently do not contribute to the recovery of the stock. The temporal variation (in production, impacts and escapement) is partly the consequence of a differential spatial distribution of the restocking of eel over the years. The original natural (not assisted) recruits were far less impacted by hydropower, since they could not climb the hydropower dams when immigrating. Since 2010, inland restocking is increasingly concentrated to drainage areas falling to the Kattegat-Skagerrak, also including obstructed lakes (primarily Lake Vänern, and many smaller ones). Even though Trap & Transport of silver eel - from above barriers towards the sea - has contributed to reducing the hydropower impact, hydropower mortality remains the largest estimated contributor to silver eel mortality in inland waters. Without restocking, the biomass affected by fishery and/or hydropower would be only 5-10 % of the currently impacted biomass, but the stock abundance would reduce from 15 % to less than 3 % of the pristine biomass. In summary: the inland eel stock biomass is below the minimum target, anthropogenic impacts exceed the minimum limit that would allow recovery, and those impacts have been increasing. It is therefore recommended to reconsider the current action plans on inland waters, taking into account the results of the current, comprehensive assessment. For the Baltic coast, the 2021 assessment has been updated without major changes in methodology. Results indicate that the impact of the fishery continues to decline over the decades. The current impact of the Swedish silver eel fishery on the escapement of silver eel along the Baltic Sea coast is estimated at 0.3 %. However, this fishery is just one of the anthropogenic impacts (in other areas/countries) affecting the eel stock in the Baltic, including all types of impacts, on all life stages and all habitats anywhere in the Baltic. Integration with the assessments in other countries has not been achieved. Current estimates of the abundance of silver eel (biomass) indicates an order of several thousand tonnes, but those estimates are extremely uncertain, due to the low impact of the fishery (near-zero statistics). Moreover, these do not take into account the origin of those silver eels, from other countries. An integrated assessment for the whole Baltic will be required to ground-truth these estimates. This would also bring the eel assessments in line with the policy to regionalise stock assessments for other (commercial) fish species (see https://ec.europa.eu/oceans-and-fisheries/fisheries/rules/multiannual-plans_en). It is recommended to develop an integrated assessment for the entire Baltic Sea eel stock, and to coordinate protective measures with other range states.

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