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Kölbl, Robert Johann. "A bio-physical model of trip generation/trip distribution." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326306.
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Kim, Nam Seok. "Trip generation model for pedestrians based on NHTS 2001." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2838.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.<br>Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hazel, G. McL. "A disaggregate trip generation model for the strategic planning control of private car trips to large foodstores." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3596.
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This thesis sets out to provide a model for the
calculation of private car trips to large foodstores based
on local area household characteristics. It recognises
the weakness in predicting private-car trips to large
stores using trip-rates obtained from surveys of stores in
other areas. The trip generation model that is sought
must be easily applied and must use readily accessible
data. It is proposed therefore that a relationship be
sought between private- car trips to the stores and the
household characteristics, obtainable from census data, of
the local catchment area. The model thus obtained would
be used for strategic planning control.
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Chirumamilla, Kiranmai. "Discrete--continuous model of household vehicle ownership and trip generation a thesis presented to the faculty of the Graduate School, Tennessee Technological University /." Click to access online, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=43&did=1679683611&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1254149430&clientId=28564.
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Morgan, Douglas Guy. "Development of a logit choice model of trip generation for the City of Calgary." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ49699.pdf.
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Ciccozzi, Federico. "From Models to Code and Back : A Round-trip Approach for Model-driven Engineering of Embedded Systems." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Inbyggda system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-23270.
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The complexity of modern systems is continuously growing, thus demanding novel powerful development approaches.In this direction, model-driven and component-based software engineering have reached the status of promising paradigms for the development of complex systems. Moreover, in the embedded domain, their combination is believed to be helpful in handling the ever-increasing complexity of such systems.However, in order for them and their combination to definitively break through at industrial level, code generated from models through model transformations should preserve system properties modelled at design level. This research work focuses on aiding the preservation of system properties throughout the entire development process across different abstraction levels. Towards this goal, we provide the possibility of analysing and preserving system properties through a development chain constituted of three steps: (i) generation of code from system models, (ii) execution and analysis of generated code, and (iii) back-propagation of analysis results to system models.With the introduction of steps (ii) and (iii), properties that are hard to predict at modelling level are compared with runtime values and this consequently allows the developer to work exclusively at modelling level thus focusing on optimising system models with the help of those values.<br>Denna doktorsavhandling presenterar nya och förbättrade tekniker för modelldriven och komponentbaserad utveckling av programvara. Syftet är att bevara systemegenskaper, som specificerats i modeller, genom de olika stadierna av utvecklingen och när modeller översätts mellan olika abstraktionsnivåer och till kod. Vi introducerar möjligheter att studera och bevara systemets egenskaper genom att skapa en kedja i tre steg som: (i) genererar kod från systemmodellen, (ii) exekverar och analyserar den genererade koden och (iii) slutligen återkopplar analysvärden till systemmodellen. Introduktionen av steg (ii) och (iii) gör det möjligt att genomföra en detaljerad analys av egenskaper som är svåra, eller till och med omöjliga, att studera med hjälp av endast systemmodeller. Fördelen med det här tillvägagångssättet är att det förenklar för utvecklaren som slipper arbeta direkt med kod för att ändra systemegenskaper. Istället kan utvecklaren arbeta helt och hållet med modeller och fokusera på optimering av systemmodeller med hjälp av analysvärden från testkörningar av systemet. Vi är övertygade om att denna typ av teknik är nödvändig att utveckla för att stödja modelldriven utveckling av programvara eftersom dagens tekniker inte möjliggör för systemutvecklare att specificera, analysera och optimera systemegenskaper på modellnivå.<br>La continua crescita in complessitá dei sistemi software moderni porta alla necessitá di definire nuovi e piú efficaci approcci di sviluppo. In questa direzione, metodi basati su modelli (model-driven engineering) e componenti (component-based software engineering) sono stati riconosciuti come promettenti nuove alternative per lo sviluppo di sistemi complessi. Inoltre l'interazione tra loro é ritenuta particolarmente vantaggiosa nella gestione nello sviluppo di sistemi integrati. Affinché questi approcci, cosí come la loro interazione, possano definitivamente prendere piede in campo industriale, il codice generato dai modelli tramite apposite transformazioni deve essere in grado di preservare le proprietá di sistema, sia funzionali che extra-funzionali, definite nei modelli. Il lavoro di ricerca presentato in questa tesi di dottorato si focalizza sul preservamento delle proprietá di sistema nell'intero processo di sviluppo e attraverso i diversi livelli di astrazione. Il risultato principale é rappresentato da un approccio automatico di round-trip engineering in grado di sostenere il preservamento delle proprietá di sistema attraverso: 1) generazione automatica di codice, 2) monitoraggio e analisi dell'esecuzione del codice generate su piattaforme specifiche, e 3) offrendo la possibilitá di propagare verticalmente i risultati da runtime al livello di modellazione. In questo modo, quelle proprietá che possono essere stimate staticamente solo in maniera approssimativa, vengono valutate in rapporto ai valori ottenuti a runtime. Ció permette di ottimizzare il sistema a livello di design attraverso i modelli, piuttosto che manualmente a livello di codice, per assicurare il preservamento degli proprietá di sistema d'interesse.
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Unal, Leyla. "Modeling Of Freight Transportation On Turkish Highways." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610783/index.pdf.
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Transportation planners are often faced with the problem of estimating passenger and freight flows between regions. In the literature there are many models for passenger flows. However, models about freight flows are more limited. Modeling freight flow is also more complex than modeling passenger flow and there are many agents related with freight flows. In addition, data availability is a critical factor. In this research, freight flows between provinces in Tü<br>rkiye are forecasted by demand analysis.
Transportation is one of the important activities of human beings and plays an important role for spatial interactions in economic growth. In other words, there is a very strong linkage between economic growth and the freight flow, thus transportation demand. Regional trade as spatial flow appears on transportation systems as freight flows.
In this study, using the existing limited data and surveys in Tü<br>rkiye, nationwide origin-destination (O-D) matrix of freight flows between provinces is obtained. Using this empirical matrix, the generation of freight flows of provinces is formulated depending on the socioeconomic and demographic variables by means of multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, interactions of freight flows between provinces and economic growth of regions are investigated.
The generations and attractions of provinces as freight flow are distributed between provinces with traditional gravity model. By comparing observed O-D matrix and simulated O-D matrix, gravity model is calibrated. Calibration is also performed by freight trip length distribution.
In this research, two steps of traditional &ldquo<br>four-step analysis&rdquo<br>, &ldquo<br>trip generation&rdquo<br>and &ldquo<br>trip distribution&rdquo<br>, are applied to develop nationwide freight demand model between the provinces in Tü<br>rkiye. The developed model is single-mode, single commodity and nationwide.
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Cabrera, Delgado Jorge. "Quelle prise en compte des dynamiques urbaines dans la prévision de la demande de transport ?" Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877044.
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Dans la pratique de la planification urbaine, la prévision de la demande de transport fait en général appel au modèle à quatre étapes (génération, distribution, répartition modale et affectation), malgré des avancées théoriques considérables dans le domaine.Cette persistance s'explique par une facilité relative de mise en œuvre, liée notamment à la forme des données disponibles et susceptibles d'alimenter les modèles. Cependant, la nature statique de l'approche pose des interrogations quant à sa pertinence pour faire des prévisions de moyen-long terme. Cette thèse étudie, la validité de l'hypothèse de stabilité temporelle des trois premières étapes du modèle de prévision. Pour ce faire, en prenant l'agglomération lyonnaise comme terrain d'étude, nous avons codifié des réseaux routiers et de transports en commun à différentes dates (1985, 1995 et 2006). Cette donne, généralement indisponible, combinée aux enquêtes ménages déplacements correspondantes,nous permet de calibrer les trois premières étapes du modèle traditionnel et de tester leur capacité prédictive. Pour les modèles de génération, on note des prévisions acceptables à un horizon de 10 ans. À 20 ans, certaines évolutions dans les styles de vie se sont traduites paru ne baisse du nombre moyen de sorties pour le motif travail, que les modèles traditionnels ne permettent pas de prévoir complètement. Au niveau de la distribution, l'allongement des distances entre lieux de réalisation de certaines activités et le lieu de domicile peut être relativement bien reproduit par des modèles gravitaires avec des paramètres stables dans le temps. Au niveau de la répartition modale, les paramètres ne sont pas stables et les modèles estimés n'auraient pas permis de prévoir le regain de parts de marché des transports en commun observé ces dernières années.
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Freire, Burgos Edwin R. "Aviation Global Demand Forecast Model Development: Air Transportation Demand Distribution and Aircraft Fleet Evolution." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81313.
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The Portfolio Analysis Management Office (PAMO) for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) at NASA Headquarters tasked the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate at NASA Langley to combine efforts with Virginia Tech to develop a global demand model with the capability to predict future demand in the air transportation field. A previous study (Alsalous, 2015) started the development of the Global Demand Mode (GDM) to predict air travel demand based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population trends for 3,974 airports worldwide. The study was done from year 2016 to year 2040.
This research project intends to enhance the GDM capabilities. A Fratar model is implemented for the distribution of the forecast demand during each year. The Fratar model uses a 3,974 by 3,974 origin-destination matrix to distribute the demand among 55,612 unique routes in the network. Moreover, the GDM is capable to estimate the aircraft fleet mix per route and the number of flights per aircraft that are needed to satisfy the forecast demand. The model adopts the aircraft fleet mix from the Official Airline Guide data for the year 2015. Once the aircraft types are distributed and flights are assigned, the GDM runs an aircraft retirement and replacement analysis to remove older generation aircraft from the network and replace them with existing or newer aircraft. The GDM continues to evolve worldwide aircraft fleet by introducing 14 new
generation aircraft from Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, and Embraer and 5 Advanced Technology Aircraft from NASA.<br>Master of Science<br>The Portfolio Analysis Management Office (PAMO) for the Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) at NASA Headquarters tasked the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate at NASA Langley to combine efforts with Virginia Tech to develop a global demand model with the capability to predict future demand in the air transportation field. A previous study (Alsalous, 2015) started the development of the Global Demand Mode (GDM) to predict air travel demand based on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and population trends for 3,974 airports worldwide. The study was done from year 2016 to year 2040.
The previous study done by Alsaous, predicts how many seats will be departing out of the 3,974 airports worldwide. This project intends to use the outputs of the GDM and distribute the seats predicted among the airports. The objective is to predict how many seats will be offered that will be departing from airport “A” and arriving at airport “B”. For this, a Fratar model was implemented.
The second objective of this project is to estimate what will the aircraft fleet be in the future and how many flights will be needed to satisfy the predicted air travel demand. If the number of seats going from airport A to airport B is known, then, by analyzing real data it can be estimated what type of aircraft will be flying from airport “A” to airport “B”
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and how many flights each aircraft will have to perform in order to satisfy the forecasted demand.
Besides of estimating the type of aircraft that will be used in the future, the modeled created is capable of introducing new aircraft that are not part of the network yet. Fourteen new generation aircraft from Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, and Embraer and 5 Advanced Technology Aircraft from NASA.
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Ribeiro, Rochele Amorim. "Modelo baseado em agentes para estimar a geração e a distribuição de viagens intraurbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-31012012-081352/.
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Neste trabalho é proposto um modelo para estimar a geração e a distribuição de viagens intraurbanas baseado em agentes, denominado Modelo GDA. Neste modelo foram aplicadas simulações em Sistemas Multiagentes (SMA), nas quais foram usadas, como dados de entrada, informações relativas ao morador e ao uso do solo. Na estimativa da geração de viagens, a simulação SMA foi usada para estimar uma população sintética baseada nas informações sociodemográficas dos moradores e para obter um plano de atividades associado a cada morador. Na estimativa da distribuição de viagens, a simulação SMA foi usada para obter uma matriz Origem-Destino (OD) com base no plano de atividades dos moradores e nos atributos do uso do solo. Para definir os critérios da distribuição de viagens, foram testadas teorias alternativas à força gravitacional, como a teoria das redes livres de escala e o conceito de path dependence. Foi feita uma aplicação do Modelo GDA na cidade de São Carlos (SP), cujos resultados estimados foram comparados aos resultados observados, provenientes da pesquisa Origem-Destino (OD), e aos resultados estimados obtidos pela aplicação de modelos gravitacionais nesta cidade. Os resultados mostraram que os resultados estimados obtidos pelo Modelo GDA são tão acurados quanto aos do modelo gravitacional. Conclui-se que o Modelo GDA, comparativamente ao modelo gravitacional, possui vantagens quanto à sua aplicabilidade, pois em vez de serem utilizados pelo modelo dados provenientes de pesquisas de tráfego, geralmente onerosos e de difícil aquisição; são empregados dados acerca do morador e do uso do solo, de fácil coleta e atualização periódica.<br>In this work, an agent-based model in order to estimate trip generation and trip distribution in an intra-urban context (GDA model) is proposed. Simulations using Multiagent Systems (MAS), with input data concerning dwellers and land use were applied in this model. To estimate the trip generation, the MAS simulation was used to elaborate a synthetic population based on sociodemographic information of the dwellers and to obtain an activity plan of each dweller. To estimate the trip distribution, the MAS simulation was used to obtain an Origin-Destiny (OD) matrix based on the dwellers activity plans and the land use characteristics. To define the trip distribution rules, alternative theories to gravitational force like free scale networks and path dependence theories were tested. The GDA model was applied in the urban area of São Carlos (Brazil), whose estimates was compared to the observed data from the OD survey and the estimate data from the Gravity model applied in this same area. The results showed that the estimates from the GDA Model are as accurate as from the Gravity Model. It was observed that the GDA Model presents advantages in relation to the Gravity Model because instead of using traffic survey data, which often is expensive and difficult to get, it uses dwellers and land use information, which is periodically collected from government researches, making it easy for government agencies to obtain this information.
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Hu, Shucheng. "Modelling trip generation/trip accessibility using logit models." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2010. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6694.
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Trip generation is the first stage of the conventional 'four-stage' transport model. The aim of this stage is to predict total number of trips generated to and from each zone. The two most common techniques for trip generation are linear regression (the dependent vaziable is alinear-in-parameter function of a number of explanatory variables) and category analysis including multiple classification analysis (based on estimating number of trip generations as a function of household attributes). Both techniques of trip generation rely on the availability of a large socio-economic, mainly revealed preference data set. They also have technical limitations such as the assumption of linearity which might result in unreasonable predictions of trip generation. Any deficiency or inaccuracy in the estimation at this stage will be carried over and will have implications on subsequent stages. The other stages of the 'four-stage' model employ other techniques including logistic analysis which broadens the scope of the analysis. Logistic regression analysis has been used to model travel choices such as mode, route and departure time but not trip generation. There has not been much research to investigate the appropriateness of using this technique to model generation. The main reason for this is that logistic regression predicts probabilities rather than the total number of trips. In order to be able to model trip generation using logistic regression, the number of trips frequency) can be treated as a set of mutually exclusive categorical variables; therefore the built-in upper and lower limits are incorporated. Therefore, it is not possible to predict a negative number of trips and the estimates of the model will show the underlying probabilities for the actual number of This will also provide a behavioural framework that directly links the number of trips to utility-based consumer and decision-making theory. Logistic regression can be used to model trip generation as binary, multinomial or nested logit frameworks. An added advantage of using this approach is the ability to predict the frequency and number of trips made by each individual. The aim of this research therefore, is to investigate possible methodologies to improve performance of trip generation modelling. In order to achieve this aim firstly, this research investigates the appropriateness of logistic regression to model trip generation and device a methodology for it. The analysis and comparisons of the results with results from conventional models are examined. Exploring the use of stated preference data to calibrate trip generation models is also studied here. Finally, transport policy measures and enhanced transport accessibility functions have been investigated in generation models.
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Dugge, Birgit. "Ein simultanes Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs-, Aufteilungs- und Routenwahlmodell." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1162994071370-87705.
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In dieser Arbeit wird ein simultanes Quell-, Ziel-, Verkehrsmittel- und Routenwahlmodell (Modell EVA-U) entwickelt, welches ein stochastisches Nutzergleichgewicht erreicht. Die Routenwahlmodelle der Verkehrsarten sind nicht mehr Teil der Umlegungsalgorithmen, sondern in das Nachfragemodell integriert. Dadurch ist eine konsistente Bewertung aller Alternativen (der Verkehrsarten) möglich. Das Simultanmodell EVA-U stellt eine Weiterentwicklung des Simultanmodells EVA von LOHSE dar. Das EVA-U-Modell ist den universalen Logit-Modellen zuzuordnen. Die Randsummenbedingungen der Verkehrsverteilung werden beachtet. Die Bewertung der Alternativen erfolgt mittels Generalisierter Kosten. Die Abhängigkeit von Routen wird berücksichtigt, ebenso die Tagesganglinie der Verkehrsnachfrage und die Fahrpläne des ÖV-Systems. Das Modell EVA-U erlaubt auch die Berücksichtigung von Routen intermodaler Verkehrsarten (z.B. P+R). Darüber hinaus ist die Integration eines Modells des ruhenden Verkehrs möglich<br>In this thesis a simultaneous Trip Generation-, Distribution-, Modal-Split and Route Choice Model (modell EVA-U) is elaborated. The model tends to reach a stochastic user equilibrium. The route choice algorithms are not longer part of an assignment procedure but part of the demand model. A consistent assessment of properties of all transport systems is possible. The simultaneous model EVA-U is an advancement of the EVA-Model by Lohse. The model EVA-U is to be assigned to the generalised logit-models. All matrix constrains are taken into account. The assessment is effected by generalised costs. The dependence of routes is taken into account. Moreover, the integration of day time and the schedules of private transport lines is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate a model of parked cars and circuits of inter-modal traffic forms (park and ride) in the Model EVA-U
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Dugge, Birgit. "Ein simultanes Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs-, Aufteilungs- und Routenwahlmodell." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24840.
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In dieser Arbeit wird ein simultanes Quell-, Ziel-, Verkehrsmittel- und Routenwahlmodell (Modell EVA-U) entwickelt, welches ein stochastisches Nutzergleichgewicht erreicht. Die Routenwahlmodelle der Verkehrsarten sind nicht mehr Teil der Umlegungsalgorithmen, sondern in das Nachfragemodell integriert. Dadurch ist eine konsistente Bewertung aller Alternativen (der Verkehrsarten) möglich. Das Simultanmodell EVA-U stellt eine Weiterentwicklung des Simultanmodells EVA von LOHSE dar. Das EVA-U-Modell ist den universalen Logit-Modellen zuzuordnen. Die Randsummenbedingungen der Verkehrsverteilung werden beachtet. Die Bewertung der Alternativen erfolgt mittels Generalisierter Kosten. Die Abhängigkeit von Routen wird berücksichtigt, ebenso die Tagesganglinie der Verkehrsnachfrage und die Fahrpläne des ÖV-Systems. Das Modell EVA-U erlaubt auch die Berücksichtigung von Routen intermodaler Verkehrsarten (z.B. P+R). Darüber hinaus ist die Integration eines Modells des ruhenden Verkehrs möglich.<br>In this thesis a simultaneous Trip Generation-, Distribution-, Modal-Split and Route Choice Model (modell EVA-U) is elaborated. The model tends to reach a stochastic user equilibrium. The route choice algorithms are not longer part of an assignment procedure but part of the demand model. A consistent assessment of properties of all transport systems is possible. The simultaneous model EVA-U is an advancement of the EVA-Model by Lohse. The model EVA-U is to be assigned to the generalised logit-models. All matrix constrains are taken into account. The assessment is effected by generalised costs. The dependence of routes is taken into account. Moreover, the integration of day time and the schedules of private transport lines is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate a model of parked cars and circuits of inter-modal traffic forms (park and ride) in the Model EVA-U.
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Abdelghany, Ahmed F. "Dynamic micro-assignment of travel demand with activity/trip chains." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3023538.
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Anwar, A. H. M. Mehbub. "Trip generation models for Khulna City of Bangladesh: a transport planning guidelines perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126119X.
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Chen, Yu-Jen. "Structural Analysis on Activity-travel Patterns, Travel Demand, Socio-demographics, and Urban Form: Evidence from Cleveland Metropolitan Area." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492719562434723.
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Han, Yafei. "Temporal transferability assessments of vehicle ownership models and trip generation models for Boston Metropolitan Area." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99566.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.<br>Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 158-162).<br>In the last few decades, travel demand models have undergone tremendous development and, today, are routinely used to support planning and policy decisions. But uncertainty in forecasting with such models is often overlooked, and its impact on forecast accuracy is rarely evaluated. My thesis is motivated to understand behavior uncertainty and model uncertainty in travel demand modeling. In particular, I assess the temporal transferability of vehicle ownership models and trip generation models for Boston metropolitan area from 1990 to 2010. Through statistical tests, I find significantly changed preferences in household vehicle ownership choice and trip production. For vehicle ownership choice, the effects of most socio-economic and demographic factors, and regional location factor have evolved; while the effects of local built environment factors and transit access are stable. Trip rates have changed over time, with decreased home-based work, home-based shopping, home-based bank and personal business, home-based social, home-based eating and non-home-based work trips; and increased home-based recreational and home-based work-related trips. The prediction tests suggest that failing to consider preference changes cause significant bias in forecasts. The transferred vehicle ownership model of 1991 under-predicts 0- vehicle households by 42.5%, and over-predicts 2-vehicle households by 14.8% in 2010. The transferred trip rates from 1991 overestimate total trips in 2010 by 7% to 9%. Homebased work-related, home-based pick-up and drop-off, and home-based recreational trips are significantly unpredicted by 34%, 12% and 27%; while home-based work, home-based shopping, home-based social, and non-home-based work trips are significantly overpredicted by 9%, 20%, 31%, and 69%. Different model specifications have shown a modest range of variability in prediction outcomes, suggesting model specification uncertainty has less influence on forecasts than behavior uncertainty. In vehicle ownership modeling, children, seniors, and local built environment variables improve the prediction accuracy for 0-vehicle group. But all model specifications cannot well distinguish between 0- and 1-vehicle households, and between 2- and 3-vehicle households. Household characterization affects the prediction accuracy for certain trip purposes. Including more detailed household information may lead to worse forecasts because of large sampling variance. Future works are suggested to incorporate behavior uncertainty in forecast, explore uncertainty in model structure, and evaluate the practical implications of the lack of model transferability.<br>by Yafei Han.<br>M.C.P.<br>S.M. in Transportation
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Mousavi, Amir. "A novel method for trip generation estimation using a prominent land use as a case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98263/1/Amir_Mousavi_Thesis.pdf.
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This research provided a new method for modelling development’s traffic generation for each mode of transport by considering trip chaining effects utilising urban form and socio-demographic related indicators in a suburb scale. Estimating traffic generation by using this method shows better performance compared to the conventional methods for traffic generation estimation. The methodology of this research can be transferred to other transport modelling endeavours and the variables can be used as transport attributes in other traffic and transport-related studies. This method will also contribute to saving considerable time and budget in terms of providing data related to trip generation.
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Botha, Marlyn Lloyd. "Assessment of development form and its impact on the modal split and trip generation for low-income commercial developments." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29353.
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This topic of research was motivated through my extensive interaction in the development field and a key element which was recognized with numerous development assessments within the City of Cape Town, was the fact that our current legislation or standards applied in South Africa do not accurately inform commercial developments within low-income areas. It was observed that the South African standards and policies rely heavily on international standards which focus on private vehicle movement and networks planning which is geared for mobility, whereas South Africa and in particular metropolitan Cape Town has unique characteristic due to the City Planning Structure which was shaped by a flawed political system. The objective of this dissertation is therefore firstly to assess the impact which the built environment (TOD and TND) has on the modal split and trip generation for low income commercial developments, secondary to draw a comparison between the actual operation of low income developments and the accepted trip generation rates used in South Africa, thirdly, to assess the unique characteristics of low income developments within a local context. With this problem statement in mind the aim of this dissertation is therefore to, firstly, to establish a better understanding of the modal split and trip generation for low income commercial developments, secondly, to establish a trip generation rate which is more compatible with developments within low-income communities; and lastly to establish the benefits which can be attained through appropriate development form implementation within the low-income. The literature review section of this dissertation will review academic literature as well as recent policy documents which investigate the relationship between the development form and the impact on traffic patterns, trip generation and modal splits of development. The literature review also establishes common trends and understandings when investigating/reviewing complex data of this nature. It is also the aim of the literature review to set a foundation for the site investigation and analysis process which will be undertaken as part of this dissertation. A critical aspect of this research was the site selection process as this has a direct bearing on the outcomes of the analysis and the accuracy of the results. It is therefore critical to note that the three sites selected for this research were selected based on stringent criteria. With the site selection approach it was a key aspect to keep as many of externalities or external factors constant (Ceteris Paribus) and in this way the results would emphasize the impact of the development form on the trip generation, traffic patterns and the modal split of these developments (if any). The data collection process was done using two distinct survey methods based on the level of technology available at the sites investigated. The first method used was data collection using recorded camera surveillance footage obtained from the centre management. The second method was a manual survey method done by individuals employed at the sites and this was used where electronic data was not available. The survey/data collection process was also broken up into 4 phases, of which the first of these processes was a pilot survey which was undertaken at one of the sites earmarked for the investigation. The aim of this pilot survey was to identify the any shortcoming in the data collection process and it was at this point where all adjustments could be made to eliminate any future errors in the data set. The pilot survey also indicated whether or not the relevant data could be extracted from the camera angles available. The second critical phase of the survey process was that a full week survey was done, this was done to establish the critical peak day which would eventually be used to calculate the critical peak hour for the centres analysed as well as the peak hour factors. The aim of establishing a peak day for the various centres was to eliminate unnecessary data collection and cost, also to focus the study on peak data which will later be compared against prescribed peak rates for these types of developments. Once the peak day was established, phase three was to undertake the final surveys for each individual site and phase four was implemented in order to strengthen the outcomes of the data set, the approach of a repetitive assessment approach (three separate surveys at each site) was used. Based on the weekly peak analysis done, it is evident that the Saturday peak is to be considered the critical/maximum peak for the week. A further conclusion of the weekly peak analysis is that the weekend (Saturday and Sunday) traffic pattern differs from the weekday pattern as it is structured around a single critical morning to midday peak, with the no secondary peaks encountered as with the weekday traffic patterns. The analysis done indicates that TND development principals have a greater impact on the modal split (or preferred mode choice) than TOD as the number of pedestrian trips far exceeds the number of public transport trips generated. This trend was conclusive for all 3 sites used as part of the investigation. A firm conclusion can be drawn from modal split analysis when assessing these developments. When the development form is adequately structured around a pedestrian movement and accessibility (TND type developments), one of the main benefits are increased pedestrian traffic. The outcomes of the modal split analysis also show a positive trend when using the TOD design approach, with the benefits of increased public transport trips. When assessing all the results achieved in the trip generation comparative analysis, it can be concluded that the COTO rate is an accurate prediction for low income shopping centre developments which are built along a transport corridor (TOD design element) and which are pedestrian friendly developments (TND design element). The NDoT calculated rates are not considered appropriate for these developments as they are way in excess of the actual rates recorded.
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Wittwer, Rico. "Raumstrukturelle Einflüsse auf das Verkehrsverhalten - Nutzbarkeit der Ergebnisse großräumiger und lokaler Haushaltsbefragungen für makroskopische Verkehrsplanungsmodelle." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1201084936499-97472.
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Für die Verkehrsnachfragemodellierung stehen dem Planer sehr differenzierte Modellansätze zur Verfügung. Ein wesentliches Unterscheidungskriterium stellt dabei der Modellierungsgegenstand dar. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit ist auf makroskopische Verkehrsplanungsmodelle gerichtet. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, in welcher Form die Ergebnisse großräumiger und lokaler Haushaltsbefragungen effizient bzw. sich gegenseitig ergänzend in Modellierungsaufgaben Einsatz finden können. Im Mittelpunkt der empirischen Datenanalyse steht die Frage, ob ein Unterschied in der Ausprägung zentraler modellierungsrelevanter Kenngrößen differenziert nach Raumtypen statistisch belegbar und planungspraktisch bedeutsam ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird auch die Auswirkung der komplexen Stichprobenpläne von MiD 2002 und SrV 2003 auf die Varianz der Parameterschätzung berücksichtigt. Ein in dieser Arbeit entwickelter, mehrstufiger Bewertungsalgorithmus, der dem Signifikanz-Relevanz-Problem hinreichend Rechnung trägt, bildet die Grundlage der Hypothesenprüfung. Er verbindet das Standardvorgehen (Signifikanztest) mit normativ gesetzten Effektgrößen und dem schätzerbasierten Vorgehen (Konfidenzintervalle). Eine besonders hohe Transparenz und Entscheidungskonsistenz erlangt der Ansatz dadurch, dass die Hypothesenprüfung auf Basis zweier voneinander unabhängig erhobener Untersuchungsgruppen (MiD, SrV) erfolgt. Die intensive Arbeit mit den Datengrundlagen MiD und SrV liefert eine Vielzahl von Erkenntnissen zur weiteren Qualifizierung des Erhebungsinstrumentes „Mobilität in Städten – SrV“. In Vorbereitung der im Jahre 2008 anstehenden Neuauflage der Erhebungsreihe wird nach Ansicht des Autors mit der Arbeit ein wesentlicher Impuls zur Weiterentwicklung der Methodik gegeben.
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Possatto, Marcos Antonio. "Uma abordagem para migração automática de código no contexto do desenvolvimento orientado a modelos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/554.
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Previous issue date: 2013-10-22<br>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais<br>Code generators play a key role in model-driven software development. They are responsible for transforming high-level assets (models) into implementation assets (code). Most generators are based on templates, which are pieces of text instrumented with code expansion elements. They receive an input and produce an output according to the template's programming. To build such template-based generators, the code of an existing implementation, already tested and validated, can be used as a reference, in a process known as code migration. With software evolution and the need for changes in the code generator, the templates start to differ from this reference implementation. In order to restablish the synchronization, additional effort is required. Tackling the challenge of keeping these assets synchronized (reference implementation and templates) is this dissertation's subject. The goal is to provide some automation to the code migration process, even if partial, in order to increase productivity in the maintenance of code generators. A mechanism was developed to make it possible to automatically reproduce changes that are performed in the reference implementation into one or more code generation templates. This mechanism was evaluated through an empirical study, yielding good performance in a controlled environment. This indicates that automation can help to reduce the effort in the maintenance of code generators in a model-driven development context.<br>Os geradores de código desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de software orientado a modelos. São responsáveis pela transformação dos artefatos de alto nível de abstração (modelo) em elementos de implementação (código). Os tipos mais comuns de geradores são os baseados em template. São compostos fundamentalmente por elementos de expansão de código, que recebem uma entrada e a convertem em código, conforme a programação inserida nesses templates. O código de uma implementação já testado e validado pode servir de referência para a criação de templates, por meio de um processo conhecido como migração de código. Com a dinâmica da evolução do software e a necessidade de efetuar mudanças no gerador de código ocorre a perda de sincronismo entre os templates e esse código de referência, sendo necessário um esforço adicional para mantê-los sincronizados. O desafio de manter esses artefatos sincronizados constituiu o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado, que proporcionou ganhos de produtividade, por meio de uma automação, ainda que parcial, desse processo. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvido um mecanismo para propagar automaticamente as alterações introduzidas no código de referência para os templates, que reduziu o tempo e facilitou a manutenção de geradores de código que sofrem com o problema da perda de sincronismo nesses artefatos. O protótipo para a migração automática de código desenvolvido nesta dissertação foi submetido a um estudo empírico, atingindo um bom desempenho com a sua utilização na maioria das tarefas de migração de código avaliadas, o que indica que a automação pode ajudar a resolver o problema e reduzir o esforço de manutenção no desenvolvimento de software orientado a modelos.
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Tandel, Maria da Conceição Farias Freitas. "Geração de viagens de passageiros urbanos: modelo individual com a inclusão da influência das características do domicílio." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-02022018-151715/.
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Um dos enfoques mais utilizados na modelagem de geração de viagens de passageiros urbanos é a desagregação em nível de domicílios. Esta tese oferece razões lógicas e fortes evidências estatísticas para substituir modelos baseados em domicílios, introduzindo modelos desagregados em nível de indivíduos incorporando a influência das características e da estrutura do domicílio. Estes modelos provêm um considerável avanço sobre as práticas tradicionais. Um estudo de caso foi conduzido na região metropolitana de São Paulo - SP. Utilizou-se informação em nível individual, através de algumas variáveis disponíveis na pesquisa origem/destino de 1987 da Cia. do Metropolitano de São Paulo. Foi possível verificar várias vantagens em relação aos modelos tradicionais, bem como responder várias críticas aos modelos atuais. Analisou-se também os erros obtidos com o modelo individual com e sem a influência das características e estrutura domiciliares.<br>One approach that is widely used to conduct the urban passenger trip generation modelling is the disaggregate household based model. This thesis offers logical reasons and strong statistical evidences to replace household based models, indroducing individual disaggregate models, incorporating the influence of household characteristics and structure. These models represent a significant improvement over tradicional practice. A case study was conducted using data from metropolitan region of Sao Paulo City, Sao Paulo State. Information at individual levei was used, tluough some variables available in the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Company, 1987 origin/destination research. It was possible to verify several advantages in relation to traditional models as well as to answer several criticisms to the current models. It was also analysed errors obtained in the individual models with and without the influence of household characteristics and structure.
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Gontijo, Geisa Aparecida da Silva. "Modelos e taxas de atração de viagens para PGVs - Hospitais públicos localizados em cidades de médio porte do interior do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4191.
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Previous issue date: 2012-06-29<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>This work aims to present trip attraction models and rates to public hospitals located in mediumsized cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo Brazil. The hospitals cause significant impacts in the local traffic and because of that they can be characterized as Potential Trip Generation Centers. In this sense, this research presents rates and models that allow us to analyze the possible impacts related to trips attracted by new hospitals. In the development of the proposed models and rates, it was performed a research in seven Santas Casas de Misericórdia hospitals in seven medium-sized cities: São Carlos, Marília, Sertãozinho, Rio Claro, Jaú, Mogi- Guaçú and Araras. The data of the first five cases were used in the development of the trip attraction models and rates, while the last two ones were used to validate the developed models. In these hospitals were performed traffic counting of pedestrians, private vehicles, buses, motorcycles and bicycles, and also interviews with the users. Through the developed analysis were elaborated models of simple regression, multiple regressions, simple regression by trip objective and mode of transport and multiple regressions with dummy variables. Some of the models developed were validated by data collected and thus they were considered more reliable to be used in Brazilian hospitals than models of the Institute of Transportation Engineers-ITE. To complement this study, it was performed a doctoral internship in Madrid, Spain in 2011 where specific models were developed with data from four public hospitals of that city. Through the application of the elaborate models and the models of ITE, it was found that the models developed for Madrid are also more suitable to estimate the travels to Spanish hospitals than the models of the ITE. Thus, this study found that for Brazilian cities, where the second mode of transportation is the bus, and for the Spanish city where the second mode of transportation is the subway, the ITE models, that consider only travels by car, may not be sufficient to estimate the travels.<br>Este trabalho visa apresentar modelos e taxas de atração de viagens para hospitais localizados em cidades de porte médio do interior do estado de São Paulo - Brasil. Os hospitais causam impactos significativos no tráfego local, por isso, se caracterizam como potenciais Polos Geradores de Viagens PGVs. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa apresenta taxas e modelos que permitem analisar os possíveis impactos em relação às viagens atraídas por novos empreendimentos hospitalares. Para o desenvolvimento das taxas e dos modelos foram realizados levantamentos de dados em sete hospitais com o padrão das Santas Casas de Misericórdia de sete cidades de porte médio: São Carlos, Marília, Sertãozinho, Rio Claro, Jaú, Mogi-Guaçú e Araras. Os dados dos cinco primeiros hospitais foram utilizados na elaboração das taxas e dos modelos de atração de viagens, enquanto que, os dois últimos, foram utilizados no processo de validação dos modelos desenvolvidos. Nesses hospitais realizaram-se contagens volumétricas de pedestres, de automóveis, de ônibus, motos, bicicletas, além de entrevistas junto aos usuários. Por meio das análises desenvolvidas elaboraram-se modelos de regressão simples, de regressão múltipla, de regressão simples por objetivos de viagens e por modos de transportes e de regressão múltipla com variáveis dummy. Alguns dos modelos elaborados foram validados pelos dados de campo e, portanto, eles foram considerados mais confiáveis para serem aplicados em hospitais brasileiros do que os modelos norte-americanos (Institute of Transportation Engineers-ITE). Para complementar esta pesquisa foi realizado um estágio de doutorado em Madrid-Espanha no ano de 2011 em que foram elaborados modelos específicos com dados de quatro hospitais públicos daquela cidade. Por meio da aplicação dos modelos elaborados e dos modelos ITE, verificou-se que os modelos elaborados para Madri também foram mais indicados para estimar viagens dos hospitais espanhóis do que os modelos do ITE. Deste modo, nesta pesquisa constatou-se que tanto para as cidades brasileiras, em que o segundo modo de transporte é o ônibus, quanto para a cidade espanhola, onde o segundo modo de transporte é o metrô, os modelos do ITE que, consideram somente as viagens por automóveis, podem não ser suficientes para estimar suas viagens.
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Wittwer, Rico. "Raumstrukturelle Einflüsse auf das Verkehrsverhalten - Nutzbarkeit der Ergebnisse großräumiger und lokaler Haushaltsbefragungen für makroskopische Verkehrsplanungsmodelle." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24043.
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Für die Verkehrsnachfragemodellierung stehen dem Planer sehr differenzierte Modellansätze zur Verfügung. Ein wesentliches Unterscheidungskriterium stellt dabei der Modellierungsgegenstand dar. Der Fokus der vorliegenden Arbeit ist auf makroskopische Verkehrsplanungsmodelle gerichtet. Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, in welcher Form die Ergebnisse großräumiger und lokaler Haushaltsbefragungen effizient bzw. sich gegenseitig ergänzend in Modellierungsaufgaben Einsatz finden können. Im Mittelpunkt der empirischen Datenanalyse steht die Frage, ob ein Unterschied in der Ausprägung zentraler modellierungsrelevanter Kenngrößen differenziert nach Raumtypen statistisch belegbar und planungspraktisch bedeutsam ist. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird auch die Auswirkung der komplexen Stichprobenpläne von MiD 2002 und SrV 2003 auf die Varianz der Parameterschätzung berücksichtigt. Ein in dieser Arbeit entwickelter, mehrstufiger Bewertungsalgorithmus, der dem Signifikanz-Relevanz-Problem hinreichend Rechnung trägt, bildet die Grundlage der Hypothesenprüfung. Er verbindet das Standardvorgehen (Signifikanztest) mit normativ gesetzten Effektgrößen und dem schätzerbasierten Vorgehen (Konfidenzintervalle). Eine besonders hohe Transparenz und Entscheidungskonsistenz erlangt der Ansatz dadurch, dass die Hypothesenprüfung auf Basis zweier voneinander unabhängig erhobener Untersuchungsgruppen (MiD, SrV) erfolgt. Die intensive Arbeit mit den Datengrundlagen MiD und SrV liefert eine Vielzahl von Erkenntnissen zur weiteren Qualifizierung des Erhebungsinstrumentes „Mobilität in Städten – SrV“. In Vorbereitung der im Jahre 2008 anstehenden Neuauflage der Erhebungsreihe wird nach Ansicht des Autors mit der Arbeit ein wesentlicher Impuls zur Weiterentwicklung der Methodik gegeben.
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Childs, Sidney Robert. "Impact of the Student Support Services/TRIO Programming on Persistence and Academic Achievement." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1372075402.
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Torquato, Tiago Lourenço de Lima. "Modelos de geração de viagens para condomínios residenciais horizontais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4362.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-16<br>Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos<br>The meeting of man need s, in the urban environment, create different types of projects, which significantly change city s life. According to the number of dislocations generated, luxury condos are characterized as Trip Generation Polo. Thus, to approve and begin the construction, become necessary preliminary studies, based on the forecast trip production and attraction to determine and minimize their impact on the region where they are installed. There are few studies in Brazil, so, this research intends to build a model about luxury condos trip generation. The case of study was based on the reality of the city of Bauru, São Paulo. The proposed procedure was applied in seven condos with similar characteristics, in which the data were collected from 6:30am to 20pm. This research generated 14 satisfactory models, depending on how trips were made (Cars, on foot and all modes), on the collection period (7h to 9h, 16h to 18h and 6h30 to 20h) and the explanatory variable of the phenomenon (Occupied units and total area of the project). The occupied units were the explanatory variable with better representation of the phenomenon (resulted in lower standard deviations and highest coefficients of determination R²). These results could be basis for future of urban planners, especially in decision-making regarding the approval of new projects. The study is based on quantitative technical procedures of bibliographic research and data collection.<br>O atendimento das necessidades do homem, no ambiente urbano, faz nascerem tipos diferenciados de empreendimentos, os quais alteram significativamente a vida da cidade. Em função dos inúmeros deslocamentos gerados, os condomínios residenciais horizontais se caracterizam como Polo Gerador de Viagem PGV. Para sua aprovação e construção, tornam-se necessários estudos preliminares, os quais devem ter por base a previsão do número de viagens produzidas e atraídas por tais empreendimentos, para determinar e minimizar os impactos causados na região onde serão instalados. Esses são ainda pouco estudados no Brasil; em vista disso, esta pesquisa pretende construir modelos sobre sua geração de viagens. O estudo de caso foi realizado no município de Bauru, interior de São Paulo. O procedimento proposto foi aplicado em sete condomínios com características semelhantes, nos quais foram coletados os dados das viagens das 6h30 às 20h. Como resultado da pesquisa geraram-se 14 modelos satisfatórios, em função do modo pelo qual as viagens se realizaram (automóvel, a pé e todos os modos), do período de coleta (7h às 9h, 16h às 18h e 6h30 às 20h) e da variável explicativa do fenômeno (Unidades ocupadas e área total do empreendimento). As unidades ocupadas de cada empreendimento foram as variáveis explicativas com melhor representação do fenômeno (resultaram nos menores desvios padrão e nos maiores coeficientes de determinação R²). O trabalho resultante poderá servir de base, futuramente, para os planejadores urbanos, principalmente na tomada de decisão quanto à aprovação de novos empreendimentos. O estudo tem caráter quantitativo, com base em procedimentos técnicos de pesquisa bibliográfica e coleta de dados.
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Merabtine, Abdelatif. "Modélisation Bond Graphs en vue de l'Efficacité Énergétique du Bâtiment." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0121/document.
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L'objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire concerne le développement d'un modèle global représentant le couplage de l'enveloppe du bâtiment avec les équipements énergétiques. Une approche systémique appelée les Bond Graphs, peu employée jusqu'ici dans la modélisation des systèmes thermiques, est utilisée. Le modèle global du bâtiment, regroupant sous le même environnement de simulation, les modèles de l'enveloppe du bâtiment, les apports solaires, les émetteurs de chauffage et de rafraîchissement et le système de ventilation, est développé pour reconstituer l'ensemble des articulations énergétiques entre l'enveloppe et les environnements intérieur et extérieur. A travers la modélisation d'un bâtiment multizone, le couplage systémique des modèles de l'enveloppe et des apports solaires est présenté. Par ailleurs, un système combinant un plancher chauffant et un plafond rafraîchissant est étudié à l'aide des modèles des émetteurs de chauffage et de rafraîchissement. Le renouvèlement d'air dans le bâtiment est également concerné par la modélisation Bond Graph. Enfin, des éléments de validation expérimentale sont présentés. Pour cela, la plateforme de tri-génération d'énergie ENERBAT est exploitée. L'objectif est d'étudier le couplage optimal enveloppe du bâtiment - équipements énergétiques pour lequel les modèles BG sont développés. Une étude paramétrique tenant compte des interactions entre les paramètres étudiés est menée sur un projet réel de rénovation. Finalement, une combinaison appropriée des paramètres étudiés a été retenue afin de réduire la consommation énergétique selon la réglementation thermique française (RT2012)<br>Our works focus on the setting of reliable tools able to analyze the interaction between the building envelope and HVAC systems. The developed approach is based on Bond Graphs methodology, a graphical modeling language which is particularly suitable for energy exchanges. A numerical model gathering, under the same simulation environment, sub-models representing the building envelope, the solar gains, the floor heating, the chilled ceiling and the ventilation system, is developed in order to predict the energy interactions between these sub-systems. The multi-zone building model is developed in order to simulate and analyze the overall building thermal behavior. Then, the solar gains model is also included to predict the solar radiation exchanges in a way close to reality. The model of the heating and cooling system, combining the floor heating and the chilled ceiling, is developed in order to improve the thermal comfort of the building. Afterwards, the ventilation system is modeled in order to represent the air exchange inside the building. The experimental validation is carried out on the tri-generation unit integrated with a thermal solar system (platform ENERBAT). Furthermore, the parametrical study was realized in order to gain a better understanding according to the impact of some factors in the energy performance of the single-family building located in Meurthe-et-Moselle region (France). Optimization of several measures, such as insulation of the building envelope, type of glazing, building orientation and ventilation system, is performed to respond to the requirements of the French thermal standard (RT2012)
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Gardner, Robert Matthew. "A Wide-Area Perspective on Power System Operation and Dynamics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26779.
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Classically, wide-area synchronized power system monitoring has been an expensive task requiring significant investment in utility communications infrastructures for the service of relatively few costly sensors. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the viability of power system monitoring from very low voltage levels (120 V). Challenging the accepted norms in power system monitoring, the document will present the use of inexpensive GPS time synchronized sensors in mass numbers at the distribution level. In the past, such low level monitoring has been overlooked due to a perceived imbalance between the required investment and the usefulness of the resulting deluge of information. However, distribution level monitoring offers several advantages over bulk transmission system monitoring. First, practically everyone with access to electricity also has a measurement port into the electric power system. Second, internet access and GPS availability have become pedestrian commodities providing a communications and synchronization infrastructure for the transmission of low-voltage measurements. Third, these ubiquitous measurement points exist in an interconnected fashion irrespective of utility boundaries. This work offers insight into which parameters are meaningful to monitor at the distribution level and provides applications that add unprecedented value to the data extracted from this level. System models comprising the entire Eastern Interconnection are exploited in conjunction with a bounty of distribution level measurement data for the development of wide-area disturbance detection, classification, analysis, and location routines.
The main contributions of this work are fivefold: the introduction of a novel power system disturbance detection algorithm; the development of a power system oscillation damping analysis methodology; the development of several parametric and non-parametric power system disturbance location methods, new methods of power system phenomena visualization, and the proposal and mapping of an online power system event reporting scheme.<br>Ph. D.
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Li, Guilin. "Intercity travel demand a utility-consistent simultaneous trip generation and mode choice model /." Thesis, 2004. http://library1.njit.edu/etd/fromwebvoyage.cfm?id=njit-etd2004-026.
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Thesis (Ph.D) -- New Jersey Institute of Technology, Executive Committee for the Interdisciplinary Program in Transportation, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Agarwal, Abhishek. "Application of fuzzy logic to model trip generation phase of sequential travel demand analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/3319/1/thesis.pdf.
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Sequential travel demand analysis consists of four phases, namely, trip generation, trip distribution, modal split and route assignment. Although, the later three phases are supported with quite sufficient number of efficient models; the first one, i.e., trip generation being completely based on human decision making is not supported with any efficient model. Existing models on trip generation are deterministic in nature and cannot capture the inherent vagueness of human mind regarding trip choice. Generally, the models of trip-generation include variables which reflect the number of potential trip-makers and the propensity of potential trip-makers to make a trip. However, none of the present models incorporate variables which reflect the accessibility factor. This is possibly the single largest factor as to why trip-generation models cannot very well predict the number of trips generated. It is intended to apply fuzzy logic, which is a linguistic tool to capture the imprecise nature of human mind regarding trip decision. Also, existing models on trip generation do not cover important premise variables controlling trip generation. In the proposed model it is intended to embed it properly.
To validate the developed model empirical data is used.
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Lee, Hon Man. "Model-guided Code Assistance for Framework Application Development." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4356.
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<p>Object-oriented frameworks are currently widely used in software application development. Unfortunately, they are known to be generally difficult to use because of the difficulty in understanding the concepts and constraints in different frameworks. With the formalization of framework concepts and constraints in domain-specific modeling languages called framework-specific modeling languages (FSMLs), previous works have shown that round-trip engineering between models of applications using frameworks and the application code is possible to aid framework application development.</p>
<p>Framework-specific modeling languages only capture, however, framework concepts and constraints and hence, lack the expressiveness of general-purpose modeling languages. For this reason, the complete code for an entire framework application cannot be generated from the model in the model editor using round-trip engineering, and the user would need to switch to the code editor to program the application logic code. Also, since models are only abstractions of code, implementation details in code may be missing in models. Although default implementation details can be used when generating code from a model, the generated code might require further customization by the user, which would also require switching to the code editor.</p>
<p>To reduce the need for the user to switch between the model editor and the code editor and to reduce the need to customize the generated code, this thesis presents a model-guided approach to providing code assistance for framework application development directly in the code editor, where additional implementation details can also be obtained. An approach to building a context-sensitive code assistant that aids the user in the implementation of framework concepts with the consideration of framework constraints is described. A prototype has further been implemented and applied on two widely popular frameworks. The evaluation in this thesis analyzes and characterizes framework concepts and shows that the framework-based code assistant can reduce the need to customize the generated code in the code editor when compared to code generation from the model editor.</p>
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Rosca, Dionisie. "A systematic comparison of roundtrip software engineering approaches." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20305.
Full textAbstract:
Model-based software engineering contemplates several software development approaches in which models play an important role. One such approach is round-trip engineering. Very briefly, round-trip engineering is code generation from models, and models are updated whenever a code change occurs.
The objective of this dissertation is to benchmark the comparative analysis of the round-trip engineering capability of the UML, Papyrus, Modelio and Visual Paradigm modeling tools. In more detailed terms, the work will focus on evaluating tools to automatically or semi-automatically support round-trip engineering processes for each selected diagram. Collaterally, this dissertation will allow us to gain insight into the current round-trip engineering landscape, establishing the state-of-the-art UML modeling tool support for this approach.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the round-trip engineering capabilities of the tools show that the Papyrus, Modeling and Visual Paradigm tools yielded satisfactory results by applying the Reverse and Forward Engineering scenarios without changing the models and codes but applying the Round-trip engineering scenario with changes in model and code presented results with some gaps in model and code coherence. It was concluded that they arose because the semantic definition of the models was done informally. The conclusions drawn throughout the dissertation will answer the questions: How effective are current code generation tools for documenting application evolution? Where will it support the decision made? objectives and will support the recommendations of the best tools that address the round-trip engineering method.<br>A engenharia de software baseada em modelo contempla várias abordagens de desenvolvimento de software nas quais os modelos desempenham um papel importante. Uma dessas abordagens é a Round-trip engineering. Muito brevemente, a Round-trip engineering é a geração de código a partir de modelos, e os modelos são atualizado sempre que ocorre uma alteração no código.
O objetivo desta dissertação é a realização de um benchmarking da análise comparativa da capacidade de Round-trip engineering das ferramentas de modelação UML, Papyrus, Modelio e Visual Paradigm. Em termos mais detalhados, o trabalho se concentrará na avaliação de ferramentas para dar suporte automático ou semiautomático a processos de Round-trip engineering (engenharia direta e engenharia reversa) para cada diagrama selecionado. Colateralmente, esta dissertação permitirá alcançar uma visão do panorama atual da Round-trip engineering, estabelecendo o estado da arte do suporte de ferramentas de modelação em UML à dita abordagem.
A analise qualitativa e quantitativamente da capacidade de Round-trip engineering das ferramentas mostro que, as ferramentas Papiro, Modelagem e Paradigma Visual apresentaram resultados satisfatórios aplicando os cenários de Reverse e Forward Engineering sem alterar os modelos e códigos e com alterações, mas aplicando o cenário Round-trip engineering com alterações nos modelo e código apresentaram resultados com algumas lacunas nomeadamente na coerência dos modelos e código. Concluiu-se que as mesmas surgiram por causa da definição semântica dos modelos ser feita de forma informal. As conclusões tiradas ao longo do trabalho respondera as perguntas: Qual a eficácia das ferramentas atuais de geração de código para documentar a evolução dos aplicativos? Onde apoiará a decisão tomada? que foram definidas nos objetivos e apoiarão as recomendações das melhores ferramentas que aborda o método Round-trip engineering.
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Everett, Jerry Don. "An Investigation of the Transferability of Trip Generation Models and the Utilization of aSpatial Context Variable." 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/47.
Full textAbstract:
The cost of collecting data for travel demand modeling is high and increasing each year. Data collection costs could easily exceed the annual budget of a metropolitan planning organization (MPO) in small or medium-sized area. Many of these agencies borrow or transfer data and/or models from other areas since they cannot afford the cost of collecting local data. This study included two primary research objectives. The first was to test the appropriateness of transferring commonly used trip generation models from one urban area to another under specific circumstances. The second was to improve the transferability of models by including a variable reflecting the spatial context of households, the basic unit of trip generation used in most MPO models. The data utilized for this research were drawn from four separate travel surveys and included data for 11 metropolitan planning areas in two states.
The key finding of this research was that a meaningful consistent measure of spatial context can be included in trip generation models, and it can make these models more generic and transferable. This finding that the transferability of trip production models can be improved by including an additional variable called “Area Type” should be helpful to many MPOs, which have to borrow models or survey data from other areas. The data needed for developing this variable should not pose any difficulty since it is based on population data, which is readily available from the US Census Bureau. Further, the algorithm needed to stratify grid cells and the households located in them into different categories of Area Type is available in many geographic information system software packages including TransCAD, which is widely used by MPOs of all sizes.
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Everett, Jerry Don. "An investigation of the transferability of trip generation models and the utilization of a spatial context variable." 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/47.
Full text
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Su, Yuan-Hung, and 蘇元宏. "GATE LEAKAGE PARTITION MODEL FOR LOCATION OF TRAP GENERATION IN ULTRATHIN OXIDE/NITRIDE GATE STACK AND ITS IMPACT ON MOBILITY DEGRADATION." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82987826726974556555.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立聯合大學<br>電子工程學系碩士班<br>94<br>Aim of this thesis is to investigate the location of trap generation between source and drain using gate leakage partition model and the impact mobility degradation on PECVD oxide/nitride (O/N) gate stack. We provide a mathematical model to correlate the distortion of gate leakage with the degradation of drain current and the position of trap generation between source-drain terminal. Experimental evidence shows that most of traps are generated near the source in early stage of stress, but near the drain after 1000 sec stress with much larger amount of traps. In addition, it is found that more traps are generated in the O/N gate stack than that in thermal gate oxide before 1000 sec. We also demonstrate that interface nitridation enhances the Si/SiO2 interface and retards the stress-induced trap generation during constant voltage stress (CVS). Furthermore, we consider the gate-drain leakage to extract the effective mobility. Results suggest this leakage partition model is not valid when the leakage current density is above 2A/cm2.
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Copperman, Rachel Batya Anna 1982. "A comprehensive assessment of children's activity-travel patterns with implications for activity-based travel demand modeling." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/17843.
Full textAbstract:
Children are an often overlooked and understudied population group, whose travel needs are responsible for a significant number of trips made by a household. In addition, children’s travel and activity participation have direct implication for adults’ activity-travel patterns. A better understanding of children’s activity-travel patterns and the linkages between parents and children’s activity-travel needs is necessary for accurate prediction and forecasting of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. In contrast to the need to examine and model children’s activity-travel patterns, existing activity-based research and modeling systems have almost exclusively focused their attention on the activity-travel patterns of adults. Therefore, the goal of this research effort is to contribute to the area of activity-based travel demand analysis by comprehensively examining children’s activity-travel patterns, and by developing a framework for incorporating children within activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This dissertation provides a comprehensive review of previous research on children’s activity engagement and travel by focusing on the dimensions characterizing children’s activity-travel patterns and the factors affecting these dimensions. Further, an exploratory analysis examines the weekday and weekend activity participation characteristics of school-going children. The study focuses on the overall time-use of children in different types of activities, as well as on several dimensions characterizing the context of participation in activities. In addition, the dissertation discusses the treatment of children within current activity-based travel demand modeling systems and conceptualizes an alternative framework for simulating the daily activity-travel patterns of children. An empirical analysis is undertaken of the post-school out-of-home activity-location engagement patterns of children aged 5 to 17 years. Specifically, this research effort utilizes a multinomial logit model to analyze children’s post-school location patterns, and employs a multiple discrete-continuous extreme value (MDCEV) model to study the propensity of children to participate in, and allocate time to, multiple activity episode purpose-location types during the after-school period. Finally, the paper identifies the need and opportunities for further research in the field of children’s travel behavior analysis.<br>text
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Costa, Pedro Filipe Araújo. "Modelação de uma rede de transporte em meio urbano." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/70704.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil<br>Atualmente a aplicação de modelos de simulação de tráfego no estudo de redes urbanas
constitui uma importante ferramenta de apoio para o teste e análise de problemas de transporte,
essencialmente por duas razões. A primeira deve-se à dificuldade de realização de experiências
no sistema real e a segunda à possibilidade que os modelos oferecem em testar distintas
alternativas de um modo mais seguro e económico.
O objetivo principal desta dissertação consiste no estudo e desenvolvimento de dois modelos,
baseados no modelo de transporte de quatro passos, com recurso ao software de modelação de
transportes PTV Visum 16. Para tal, pretendeu-se aferir qual o modelo que representa melhor
a área de estudo, focando o estudo na geração/atração e distribuição da matriz OD. Desse modo,
para o estudo foram geradas duas matrizes origem-destino, sendo uma baseada em dados
recolhidos de diversas fontes e contagens de tráfego, enquanto a segunda baseou-se
simplesmente em contagens de tráfego. Para além disso, efetuou-se a calibração e validação das
matrizes utilizando dois conjuntos de contagens de tráfego, um para cada processo.
Por último, foi efetuada uma comparação entre resultados observados e obtidos nos modelos,
em que se conclui que sem a existência de uma matriz Origem-Destino não se pode determinar
qual dos modelos representa a realidade.<br>Currently the application of traffic simulation models in the study of urban networks constitutes
an important support tool for the testing and analysis of transport problems, essentially for two
reasons. The first is due to the difficulty of carrying out experiments in the real system and the
second to the possibility that the models offer in testing different alternatives in a safer and
cheaper way.
The main objective of this dissertation is the study and development of two models, based on
the four-step transport model, using the PTV Visum 16 transport modelling software. For this,
it was intended to ascertain which model best represents the area of study, focusing the study
on generation/attraction and distribution of the OD matrix. Thus, two origin-destination
matrices were generated for the study, one based on data collected from various sources and
traffic counts, while the second was based simply on traffic counts. In addition, calibration and
validation of the matrices were performed using two sets of traffic counts, one for each process.
Finally, a comparison was made between observed and obtained results in the models, in which
it is concluded that without the existence of an Origin-Destination matrix it is not possible to
determine which of the models represents reality.