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1
Rowe, Betty L. "Story-Telling Through the Design of a Permanent Mission Trip Training and Housing Facility." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3650.
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This mixed- assembly space is designed as a permanent mission trip training and housing facility. Predominately the space will be used by middle school and high school youth. By creating a modern experience, teens are given a better opportunity to engage in a space they can relate to. It becomes a space where young people feel encouraged to share their feelings, beliefs and desires as they journey into a closer, more intimate relationship with a higher being.
The space is intended to serve a transient population. A large portion of the first floor is devoted to communal gathering which provides a space dedicated to praise and worship as well as an adjacent space for dining. The space also features lounge areas, a welcome center, restrooms and locker rooms, and spaces for lodging.
This project is an exploration of story-telling and how it can both impact and encourage a space. The idea behind the project is to help teenagers focus on something they cannot see or touch. Design strategies including connections, interactions, processions and transitions become very influential to the space.
2
Jošt, Vojtěch. "Skautský cestovní ruch." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10424.
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My thesis is concerned about organization called "Junak" -- Czech republic union of scouts as the one of the largest organizations in Czech rep. The important part of its program is organizing meetings and creating events which fulfill a definition of an organized tourism. So we can speak about tourism caused by Junak organization, the so called scout tourism. Furthermore my thesis is focused on concrete indicators evaluating content and the structure of the scout tourism.
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Frederick, Katelin. "Making Good: An Exploratory Study of the Socialization, Identity, and Sensemaking of Mission Trip Volunteers." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1267.
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This research explored how mission trip volunteers assume various roles throughout their volunteer experience. By seeing the various roles that emerge in mission volunteer work, the identities that they construct based upon these roles are revealed. Discovering the ways in which these roles and constructed identities affect the way that mission trip volunteers could potentially help colleges improve their recruitment messages and distinguish themselves from other institutions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain data from the participants, and the data were analyzed through a thematic, constant comparative method. Findings revealed the types of stories heard from other mission trip volunteers prior to serving, the impact of those stories on decisions to volunteer, the various identities that emerge while serving on a mission trip, and how mission trip volunteers make sense of their experiences after serving. This study applies several well-known aspects of organizational communication to the context of mission trip volunteers, offering new and interesting data. This study also provides practical implications for mission trip coordinators and individuals who might be interested in being a mission trip volunteer.
4
Stohlmann, Lauren K. "Application of Virtual Field Trips to Increase Agricultural Literacy of Youth: A Case Study of Agricultural Advocacy Organizations’ Implementation of Virtual Field Trips." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555660967142699.
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Shanker, Daya. "Fault lines in the World Trade Organization an analysis of the TRIPS Agreement and developing countries /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060724.115002/index.html.
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Winkel, Geellis. "IS-implementation : a tri-motors theory of organizational change : case study of how an IT-enabled process of organizational change because of the presence of a teleological, life-cycle, and dialectical motor unfolds within a Dutch government organization." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5203.
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The reason for the study is that IT-enabled organizational change processes such as information system implementations have high costs and disappointing results. Studies to identify causes of the mentioned failures are mainly based on a variance approach. This study applies another approach which is not yet performed in this field of research and affects several themes. Based on a process approach data is compared with ideal-process theories to identify the generative mechanisms causing the unfolding of the process. Thus, the study identifies a recipe and not the ingredients.
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Vašová, Dominika. "The Role of the WTO in Global Governance." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194540.
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This thesis deals with global governance and its changing structures reflected in the challenges to the functioning of post-war intergovernmental institutions. The main aim of the thesis is to find out whether the World Trade Organization is effective enough in dealing with emerging global issues, which is tested on the case study of the adoption of the TRIPS agreement with special focus on pharmaceuticals. In the first chapter, it provides a theoretical framework of the global governance theory and the means for evaluating the effectiveness of international institutions in global governance through input and output legitimacy. The second chapter deals with the role of the World Trade organization in global governance and evaluating its performance. The third chapter evaluates the role of the World Trade Organization in protection of intellectual property rights with focus on pharmaceuticals. The methods used in the thesis include analysis, synthesis, deduction while the research is supported with quantitative data, tables and case study.
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Fraser, Véronique. "The Legitimacy of the World Trade Organization Rulemaking Processes: A Case Studies Analysis." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32949.
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In the last decade, World Trade Organization (WTO) Members have paid little attention to the WTO rulemaking processes and their functioning. Two high-levels commissions, as well as some scholars, have identified several areas of concerns with respect to the WTO rulemaking processes. Some of them have put forth proposals for their reform. However, the WTO has not proceeded with or even reflected upon any major reforms affecting the functioning of its rulemaking processes. The lack of attention by the Members regarding these issues motivated the focus of this thesis on the legitimacy of the WTO rulemaking processes. The principal research question of this thesis is: Are the WTO rulemaking processes legitimate? To what degree? Answering this first research question necessarily leads to a secondary one: How can the WTO rulemaking processes be assessed?
This thesis recognizes that there is no uniform way for assessing legitimacy both at the national and international levels. It borrows from David Beetham's legitimacy conception and assesses the legitimacy of the WTO rulemaking processes from the standpoint of WTO Members. It builds a theoretical framework for assessing the legitimacy of the rulemaking processes on the basis of Members' conception of the WTO and the concepts of input and output legitimacy that have been frequently applied to the WTO and from which are derived four legitimacy criteria: legality, effectiveness, representativeness and openness. This thesis furthermore advances that legitimacy can only be effectively assessed as a matter of degree and, therefore, develops a multidimensional interval scale to allow a precise measurement of the four criteria of legitimacy as applied to the WTO rulemaking processes. In order to assess the rulemaking processes, it uses three cases that have led to the adoption of new rules or agreements. In fact, legitimacy matters even more for the processes that led to actual rules due to the fact that they generate binding outcomes. Such a methodology based on case studies arguably provides a more accurate representation of the WTO rulemaking processes than the general processes that have been described in the secondary literature.
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SILVA, Jessica Larissa. "Mudança organizacional no âmbito da gestão da qualidade: uma abordagem quantitativa para classificação." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18728.
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FACEPE
Periodicamente, as organizações são induzidas a passarem por mudanças nos aspectos de melhoria da qualidade dos processos e produtos para se adequarem às exigências do meio externo – mercados consumidores e concorrentes. No contexto em estudo foi observado um alinhamento entre a gestão de mudanças organizacionais e a gestão da qualidade, pois a utilização de ferramentas, técnicas e normas da qualidade proporciona a organização alterações em seus processos. É importante que a alta direção possa identificar o tipo de mudança a qual a empresa está lidando e consequentemente como a mesma deva ser conduzida, pois a falta de entendimento poderá causar perca de tempo e dinheiro investidos. Na literatura, dois tipos de mudança são consagrados, as quais se encontram em limites opostos, sendo elas mudança incremental e mudança radical. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho sugere um novo tipo de mudança que esteja entre os dois tipos existentes – a mudança intermediária – e a elaboração de um modelo de classificação com apoio multicritério. Com a utilização do Electre TRI o modelo foi aplicado em duas empresas do APL (Arranjo Produtivo Local) Têxtil de Caruaru em Pernambuco, uma de pequeno porte e outra de médio porte. Após a aplicação do modelo de classificação, foi verificado que o tamanho da empresa e o seu nível de maturidade interferem na classificação do tipo de mudança, dessa forma, uma mesma ferramenta, técnica ou norma da qualidade são recebem diferentes classificações em cada empresa.
Periodically, organizations are induced to go through changes in quality improvement aspects of the processes and products to suit the demands of the external environment - consumers and competitors. In the context under study we observed an alignment between the management of organizational change and quality management, as the use of tools, techniques and quality standards provides the organization changes in its processes. It is important that senior management can identify the type of change which the company is dealing with and consequently how it should be conducted because of the lack of understanding can cause waste of time and money invested. In literature, two kinds of change are dedicated, which are located on opposite limits, and these incremental changes radical change. Thus, this study suggests a new type of change that is between the two existing types - intermediate change - and the development of a classification model to support multiple criteria. Using the ELECTRE TRI model was applied in two companies of the APL (Local Productive Arrangement) Textile Caruaru in Pernambuco, one small and one medium size. After application of the classification model, it was found that the size of the company and its maturity level influence the classification of the type of change, therefore, the same tool, technique or quality standard are given different ratings for each company.
10
Liedke, B. "Ion beam processing of surfaces and interfaces – Modeling and atomistic simulations." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-85366.
Full textAbstract:
Self-organization of regular surface pattern under ion beam erosion was described in detail by Navez in 1962. Several years later in 1986 Bradley and Harper (BH) published the first self-consistent theory on this phenomenon based on the competition of surface roughening described by Sigmund’s sputter theory and surface smoothing by Mullins-Herring diffusion. Many papers that followed BH theory introduced other processes responsible for the surface patterning e.g. viscous flow, redeposition, phase separation, preferential sputtering, etc. The present understanding is still not sufficient to specify the dominant driving forces responsible for self-organization. 3D atomistic simulations can improve the understanding by reproducing the pattern formation with the detailed microscopic description of the driving forces. 2D simulations published so far can contribute to this understanding only partially.
A novel program package for 3D atomistic simulations called trider (TRansport of Ions in matter with DEfect Relaxation), which unifies full collision cascade simulation with atomistic relaxation processes, has been developed. The collision cascades are provided by simulations based on the Binary Collision Approximation, and the relaxation processes are simulated with the 3D lattice kinetic Monte-Carlo method. This allows, without any phenomenological model, a full 3D atomistic description on experimental spatiotemporal scales. Recently discussed new mechanisms of surface patterning like ballistic mass drift or the dependence of the local morphology on sputtering yield are inherently included in our atomistic approach.
The atomistic 3D simulations do not depend so much on experimental assumptions like reported 2D simulations or continuum theories. The 3D computer experiments can even be considered as ’cleanest’ possible experiments for checking continuum theories. This work aims mainly at the methodology of a novel atomistic approach, showing that: (i) In general, sputtering is not the dominant driving force responsible for the ripple formation. Processes like bulk and surface defect kinetics dominate the surface morphology evolution. Only at grazing incidence the sputtering has been found to be a direct cause of the ripple formation. Bradley and Harper theory fails in explaining the ripple dynamics because it is based on the second-order-effect ‘sputtering’. However, taking into account the new mechanisms, a ‘Bradley-Harper equation’ with redefined parameters can be derived, which describes pattern formation satisfactorily. (ii) Kinetics of (bulk) defects has been revealed as the dominating driving force of pattern formation. Constantly created defects within the collision cascade, are responsible for local surface topography fluctuation and cause surface mass currents. The mass currents smooth the surface at normal and close to normal ion incidence angles, while ripples appear first at θ ≥ 40°.
The evolution of bimetallic interfaces under ion irradiation is another application of trider described in this thesis. The collisional mixing is in competition with diffusion and phase separation. The irradiation with He+ ions is studied for two extreme cases of bimetals: (i) Irradiation of interfaces formed by immiscible elements, here Al and Pb. Ballistic interface mixing is accompanied by phase separation. Al and Pb nanoclusters show a self-ordering (banding) parallel to the interface. (ii) Irradiation of interfaces by intermetallics forming species, here Pt and Co. Well-ordered layers of phases of intermetallics appear in the sequence Pt/Pt3Co/PtCo/PtCo3/Co. The trider program package has been proven to be an appropriate technique providing a complete picture of mixing mechanisms.
11
Thörn, Christine. "Internationell tvistlösning inom immaterialrättens område : Utvecklingen av tvistlösningsmekanismer och dess genomslag." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41782.
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International conventions signifies international trade, which in itself would be ineffective if there were no dispute settlement mechanisms. This essay intends to examine how dispute settlement mechanisms between states have developed over the years and a large emphasis is placed on the World Trade Organizations (WTO) Dispute Settlement Body since it’s had great significance for the efficiency of international law. In order to show the need for dispute settlement mechanisms, a background to the conventions that have called for the development of the DSB is in order. This essay focuses on Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and the agreement that currently regulate intellectual property rights, Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), but also its connection to the DSB. The current negotiations between the EU and the USA for a free trade agreement, Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is also mentioned since it intends to serve as a global model once settled. The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyze the emergence of the TRIPS agreement, and its relation to the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO.
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Enga, Kameni Innocent. "TRIPS and the WTO August 2003 deal on medicines: is it a gift bound in a red tape to developing countries." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Mugambe, Lydia. "The exceptions to patent rights under the WTO-TRIPS Agreement : where is the right to health guaranteed?" Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/980.
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"The thesis of this study is that the flexibility within the exceptions to patent rights protecton under the TRIPS Agreement has not sufficiently been exploited at the national level. The study conceptualises the regimes for the protection of the right to health and IPRs not as mutually exclusive but as potentially reinforcing. The contention is therefore that the obligations in respect to the right to health limit the manner in which states can exercise the flexibilty within the patent regime of the TRIPS Agreement. Eventually the study seeks to answer the question: Where does the guarantee for the right to health lie in light of the TRIPS regime? ... The study is divided into three chapters preceded by an introduction. The introduction lays the background for te discussion. Chapter one deals with the definition of important concepts and provides the context in which the study is set. The chapter also discusses the background to the creation of the TRIPS Agreement, with an emphatic discussion on the involvement or lack thereof of Africn and other least developed and developing countries in this process. Chapter two discusses the patent rights exceptions clause under the TRIPS Agreement. Against this background, compuslory licensing, government use and parallel importing as means of making accessibility to drugs a reality under the TRIPS Agreement will be discussed. Chapter three identifies other means of making drugs more accessible and identifying places where they have worked well. In this chapter, generic substitution, establishemnt of a pricing committee, therapeutic value pricing, pooled procurement, negotiated procurement and planned donations will be discussed. Finally a conclusion will be drawn from the discussion and recommendations will be advanced." -- Chapter 1.Prepared under the supervision of Riekie Wandrag at the Community Law Centre, University of Western Cape, South Africa
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2002.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Domingues, Renato Valladares. "Propriedade intelectual e preservação do meio ambiente no sistema multilateral de comércio." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3829.
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As discussões sobre as relações entre o Acordo TRIPS e a Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica (CDB) encontram-se na agenda internacional desde a realização da IV Conferência Ministerial da Organização Mundial do Comércio, ocorrida em novembro de 2001, em Doha no Catar. Apesar da considerável atenção que o tema tem recebido nos fóruns internacionais, o debate sobre o tratamento adequado da questão persiste sem solução. A presente tese apresenta uma abrangente análise das conexões que existem entre a proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual e a conservação da diversidade biológica. Além disso, a partir de uma análise de conceitos de propriedade intelectual como patentes, indicações geográficas, transferência de tecnologia e propriedade comunitária de conhecimentos tradicionais, destacam-se elementos necessários para o uso sustentável e conservação dos recursos biológicos.The goal of establishing a positive relationship between the TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity has been on the international agenda since the fourth Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO), in Doha, Qatar, in November 2001. Despite a considerable amount of attention in the international forums, the debate about the appropriate parameter of this relationship persists without resolution. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the protection of intellectual property rights and the conservation of biological diversity. Furthermore, that upon analysis of concepts of intellectual property such as patents, geographical indications, technology transfer and communal property over traditional knowledge, issues are identified to support the conservation and sustainable use of the biological resources.
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Polido, Fabrício Bertini Pasquot. "Contribuições ao estudo do direito internacional da propriedade intelectual na era Pós-Organização Mundial do Comércio: fronteiras da proteção, composição do equilíbrio e expansão do domínio público." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-29082011-115009/.
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Após 15 anos de sua adoção pelos Membros da Organização Mundial do Comércio, o Acordo sobre os Aspectos da Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados ao Comércio (TRIPS) ainda permanece como um dos pilares das modernas instituições do sistema internacional da propriedade intelectual e merece contínua análise de seus efeitos sobre países em desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, tendências expansionistas e níveis mais elevados de proteção dos direitos de propriedade intelectual, nas distintas esferas do multilareralismo, bilateralismo e regionalismo, são, no entanto, confrontadas com as necessidades reais dos países em desenvolvimento, que ainda devem explorar as flexibilidades existentes no Direito Internacional da Propriedade Intelectual. Isso parece ser evidente após a fase de transição do Acordo TRIPS. A implementação de obrigações relacionadas à proteção substantiva e procedimentos de aplicação efetiva da proteção (observância) dá lugar para controvérsias resultantes das demandas pelo acesso aos bens do conhecimento - bens da tecnologia e informação na ordem internacional. O presente trabalho oferece contribuição para o estudo do Direito Internacional da Propriedade Intelectual na Era Pós-OMC e propõe uma análise e reavaliação de seus elementos, princípios e objetivos. Enfatiza a tarefa imperativa de redefinição do equilíbrio intrínseco da propriedade intelectual e a manutenção e expansão do domínio público, concebidos como valores de ordem pública internacional. Nesse contexto, o trabalho propõe analisar os objetivos futuros de um regime internacional da propriedade intelectual, em parte consolidados pelos proponentes da Declaração de Doha sobre TRIPS e Saúde Pública e a Agenda da OMPI para o Desenvolvimento. Em sua estrutura, o trabalho divide-se em três partes. A primeira parte (Status Quo: O Presente e o Passado dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual na Ordem Internacional) analisa as políticas e objetivos justificam o regime internacional da propriedade intelectual, seus fundamentos no Pós-OMC/TRIPS e convergência das competências relacionadas à propriedade intelectual na ordem internacional. A segunda parte (O Passado Revisitado rumo ao Futuro dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual) aborda as implicações das tendências expansionistas e fortalecimento dos padrões de proteção da propriedade intelectual, concentrando-se em dois casos principais: a harmonização substantiva e os sistemas globais de proteção e observância dos direitos de propriedade intelectual. A terceira parte (Futuro dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual na Ordem Internacional) propõe a redefinição dos princípios e objetivos centrais do Direito Internacional da Propriedade Intelectual no Pós-OMC (equilíbrio, transparência, cooperação internacional e transferência de tecnologia) e a manutenção e expansão do domínio público, flexibilidades e opções para acesso aos bens da tecnologia e informação.After 15 years from its adoption by the Member States of World Trade Organization, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) still remains as one of the main pillars of the modern institutions of international intellectual property system and deserves a continuous assessment analysis of its overall impacts on developing countries, their innovation systems and developmental concerns. In this sense, expansionist trends and higher levels of protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in multilateral, regional and bilateral levels - are nevertheless confronted with the actual needs of developing countries in exploring existing and pending flexibilities within the international intellectual property legal regime. This appears to be true particularly after the post-transitional phase of TRIPS Agreement, where implementation of the multilateral obligations related to substantive protection and enforcement procedures gave rise to considerable contentious issues emerging from demands for access to global public goods, knowledge goods. This Doctoral Thesis offers a contribution to the current debate on International Intellectual Property Law in Post-WTO Era and proposes an analysis and reappraisal of its elements, principles and objectives. The work aims at focusing the imperative task of redefining the intrinsic balance of intellectual property and maintenance and expansion of the public domain as values of an international ordre public. In this context, we analyze the systemic objectives of a prospective international intellectual property regime, which were in part consolidated by the proponents of Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health of 2001 and WIPO Development Agenda. In the first part (Status Quo: Past and Present of Intellectual Property in International Order) we analyze the main development of the current international intellectual property regime, its foundations in Post WTO/TRIPS, and convergent intellectual property related competences in international legal order. The second part (Present revisited towards the future of intellectual property rights) approaches the implications of expansionist trends and strengthening of standards of IP protection. In this case, our work focuses on two particular cases: the substantive harmonization and global protection systems and enforcement of intellectual property rights. The third part (Future of Intellectual Property Rights in International Legal System) further analyses core objectives and principles of International Intellectual Property Law in Post-WTO (balance, transparency, international cooperation and transfer of technology) and proposals for the maintenance and expansion of public domain, flexibilities and options for the access to the knowledge goods.
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Liedke, B. "Ion beam processing of surfaces and interfaces – Modeling and atomistic simulations." Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 2011. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22148.
Full textAbstract:
Self-organization of regular surface pattern under ion beam erosion was described in detail by Navez in 1962. Several years later in 1986 Bradley and Harper (BH) published the first self-consistent theory on this phenomenon based on the competition of surface roughening described by Sigmund’s sputter theory and surface smoothing by Mullins-Herring diffusion. Many papers that followed BH theory introduced other processes responsible for the surface patterning e.g. viscous flow, redeposition, phase separation, preferential sputtering, etc. The present understanding is still not sufficient to specify the dominant driving forces responsible for self-organization. 3D atomistic simulations can improve the understanding by reproducing the pattern formation with the detailed microscopic description of the driving forces. 2D simulations published so far can contribute to this understanding only partially.
A novel program package for 3D atomistic simulations called trider (TRansport of Ions in matter with DEfect Relaxation), which unifies full collision cascade simulation with atomistic relaxation processes, has been developed. The collision cascades are provided by simulations based on the Binary Collision Approximation, and the relaxation processes are simulated with the 3D lattice kinetic Monte-Carlo method. This allows, without any phenomenological model, a full 3D atomistic description on experimental spatiotemporal scales. Recently discussed new mechanisms of surface patterning like ballistic mass drift or the dependence of the local morphology on sputtering yield are inherently included in our atomistic approach.
The atomistic 3D simulations do not depend so much on experimental assumptions like reported 2D simulations or continuum theories. The 3D computer experiments can even be considered as ’cleanest’ possible experiments for checking continuum theories. This work aims mainly at the methodology of a novel atomistic approach, showing that: (i) In general, sputtering is not the dominant driving force responsible for the ripple formation. Processes like bulk and surface defect kinetics dominate the surface morphology evolution. Only at grazing incidence the sputtering has been found to be a direct cause of the ripple formation. Bradley and Harper theory fails in explaining the ripple dynamics because it is based on the second-order-effect ‘sputtering’. However, taking into account the new mechanisms, a ‘Bradley-Harper equation’ with redefined parameters can be derived, which describes pattern formation satisfactorily. (ii) Kinetics of (bulk) defects has been revealed as the dominating driving force of pattern formation. Constantly created defects within the collision cascade, are responsible for local surface topography fluctuation and cause surface mass currents. The mass currents smooth the surface at normal and close to normal ion incidence angles, while ripples appear first at θ ≥ 40°.
The evolution of bimetallic interfaces under ion irradiation is another application of trider described in this thesis. The collisional mixing is in competition with diffusion and phase separation. The irradiation with He+ ions is studied for two extreme cases of bimetals: (i) Irradiation of interfaces formed by immiscible elements, here Al and Pb. Ballistic interface mixing is accompanied by phase separation. Al and Pb nanoclusters show a self-ordering (banding) parallel to the interface. (ii) Irradiation of interfaces by intermetallics forming species, here Pt and Co. Well-ordered layers of phases of intermetallics appear in the sequence Pt/Pt3Co/PtCo/PtCo3/Co. The trider program package has been proven to be an appropriate technique providing a complete picture of mixing mechanisms.
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Barreto, Ana Cristina Costa. "A flexibilização do acordo TRIPS e a necessidade de respeito aos direitos humanos nas regras da OMC: o humanismo nas relações internacionais." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2769.
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CAPES
The global transformations occurring in modernity have led to the emergence of new challenges and the need to search for new perspectives on stakeholder participation in the international system. Particularly, the inclusion of new issues within the WTO rules, within the multilateral trading system is fundamental to the pursuit of well-being of people take a central role in the discussions, and sustainable development is achieved from the respect and balance between human beings and the market. The paper attempted to analyze the TRIPS Agreement and its relationship with the right to access to medicines, assessing the possibility that the relaxation of its rules be considered a demonstration of the relevance of human rights in international trade. To achieve this objective, the first analysis of the evolution of the system of protection of intellectual property was critical to understanding the formation of the international IP regime that culminated in the TRIPS Agreement. In sequence, the problem of access to medicines was presented from the considerations about the social responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry and the implications caused by the TRIPS Agreement, regarding the need to be envisioned an international policy aimed at ensuring universal access to products the pharmaceutical industry, thus revealing the existence of a relationship between the work of international organizations, including the World Trade Organization and Human Rights. Finally, from the point of view of modern cosmopolitanism from the demonstration that the internationalization of human rights can be understood as a reassertion of humanism found that to change the paradigms of intellectual property and particularly patent pharmaceutical, it is essential to define the social role of the pharmaceutical industry, understanding the conditions of access to drugs is regarded as a matter subject to humanitarian protection.
As transformações globais ocorridas na modernidade têm provocado o surgimento de novos desafios e a necessidade de busca por novas perspectivas na participação dos atores no sistema internacional. Particularmente, a inclusão de novos temas no âmbito das regras da OMC, dentro do sistema multilateral de comércio, é fundamental para que a busca pelo bem-estar do homem tome papel central nas discussões, e o desenvolvimento sustentável seja alcançado a partir do respeito e do equilíbrio entre ser humano e mercado. A dissertação se propôs a analisar o Acordo TRIPS e sua relação com o direito ao acesso a medicamentos, avaliando a possibilidade de que a flexibilização de suas normas ser considerada uma demonstração da relevância dos Direitos Humanos no âmbito do comércio internacional. Visando tal objetivo, inicialmente a análise da evolução do sistema de proteção da Propriedade Intelectual foi fundamental para compreender formação do regime internacional de PI que culminou com o Acordo TRIPS. Em sequência, a problemática do acesso a medicamentos foi apresentada a partir das considerações acerca da responsabilidade social da indústria farmacêutica e das implicações provocadas pelo Acordo TRIPS, no que tange à necessidade de ser vislumbrada uma política internacional que vise a garantia do acesso universal aos produtos da indústria farmacêutica, evidenciando assim a existência de uma relação entre a atuação de organismos internacionais, entre os quais a Organização Mundial do Comércio e os Direitos Humanos. Por fim, sob o ponto de vista do cosmopolitismo moderno, a partir da demonstração de que a internacionalização dos Direitos Humanos pode ser compreendida como a reafirmação do Humanismo constatou-se que para a mudança dos paradigmas relativos à propriedade intelectual e, particularmente, à patente farmacêutica, é imprescindível a definição do papel social da indústria farmacêutica, a compreensão de que as condições de acesso a medicamentos sejam consideradas matéria sujeita à proteção humanitária.
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Esan, Olajumoke Ibironke. "The relevance for sustainable development of the protection of intellectual property rights in traditional cultural expressions." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1579_1297941616.
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This research work addresses the problem being faced by developing countries in the commercial exploitation of their traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) by third parties without giving due attribution to nor sharing benefits with the communities from which these TCEs originate. This problem stems from the inability of customary law systems which regulates life in such communities to adequately cater for the protection of these TCEs. The legal systems of the developing countries have also proven to be ineffective in the protection of TCEs from such misappropriation and unauthorized commercial exploitation. This mini-thesis examines how TCEs have been protected domestically through national legislation and internationally through treaties and proposes means by which they can be protected in a manner that would preserve them, while promoting the dissemination of those which can be shared without destroying their inherent nature. This mini-thesis thus explores avenues through which the protection of TCEs would contribute to economic and human development in developing countries.
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Musungu, Sisule Fredrick. "The right to health in the global economy : reading human rights obligations into the patent regime of the WTO-TRIPS Agreement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/931.
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"The implementation of the TRIPS Agreement, within the wider context of globalisation, has brought about a conflict between the obligation of states to promote and protect health and the achievement of economic goals pursued under the WTO regime. Since trade is the driving engine of globalisation, it is imperative that, at the very least, rules governing it do not violate human rights but rather promote them. The problem of IP and the right to health therefore lies in ensuring that the integration of economic rules and institutional operations in relation to IPRs coincide with states’ obligations to promote and protect public health. ...
This study centres on the specific debate about health and IPRs in the context of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the WTO rules on IP protection. In terms of a human rights approach to the TRIPS Agreement, the ICESCR has been chosen for several reasons. First, the ICESCR specifically recognises both the right to health and the right to the protection of inventions in clearer terms than any other human rights instrument. Secondly, at least 111 of the state parties to the ICESCR are also members of the WTO including a large number of developing countries. Thirdly, if one sees the ICESCR as a vehicle for the fulfilment of the obligation to promote and protect human rights under the United Nations Organisation’s (UN) Charter, it can be argued that in line with article 103, the implementation and interpretation of TRIPS by all UN members states must take into account basic human rights. However, even with primary focus being on the ICESCR, most of the discussion on practical issues will focus on the experiences in Sub-Saharan Africa because the inequalities and problems of access to health care are most dramatically played out in this part of the world.
The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the obligation of states to progressively realise and guarantee the right to health, and the IP rules under the TRIPS Agreement. The specific objective is to examine the relationship between the exceptions under the TRIPS Agreement and the obligation to protect health and the identification of a consistent way of achieving a convergence between the implementation and interpretation of the rules of the two regimes in the area of health." -- Chapter 1Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2001.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Boudra, Leila. "Durabilité du travail et prévention en adhérence : le cas de la dimension territoriale des déchets dans l’activité de tri des emballages ménagers." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2171/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux réalisés sur les dynamiques organisationnelles de la prévention des risques professionnels, conduits en particulier par l’Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS). L’enjeu central de la thèse est de proposer des modalités d’action qui tiennent compte des réalités du travail et des réalités industrielles. A partir d’interventions menées dans cinq centres de tri des déchets d’emballages ménagers, dans un contexte d’industrialisation de la filière du recyclage, cette recherche vise à mieux comprendre le travail des opérateurs de tri pour identifier des leviers d’action en prévention. Les centres de tri des déchets sont des entités productives inscrites dans le secteur de l’économie verte, dont les enjeux industriels sont porteurs des deux dimensions structurantes du développement durable : la territorialité et la durabilité sociale. La méthode mobilisée vise à proposer une objectivation du travail des opérateurs de tri, tenant compte de la spécificité de ce secteur et dans la perspective d’une prévention durable. Pour cela, une analyse de l’activité a été menée, couplée à l’utilisation de différents outils de confrontation mobilisés auprès des opérateurs de tri, individuellement ou collectivement. Les analyses ont montré que les centres de tri sont des lieux de production inscrits dans leur territoire. Les opérateurs sont amenés à réguler la production en raison des limites du système technique, qui ne tient pas compte du caractère territorialisé des déchets. En effet, les déchets issus des collectes sélectives des ménages qui sont acheminés sur le site en vue d’être triés comportent des caractéristiques territorialisées : en fonction de dimensions économiques et sociales spécifiques au territoire, de dimensions politiques concernant les choix au niveau de la collecte et du tri des déchets, de dimensions liées au mode de consommation et de vie des habitants sur le territoire, de dimensions liées aux caractéristiques morphologiques de l’espace, ou encore d’attractivité du territoire. Cependant, nous avons pu constater que cette dimension n’est pas prise en compte lors de la conception des centres de tri et lors de la mise en place de stratégies de prévention. L’expérimentation d’extension des consignes de tri à laquelle nous avons contribué a même conduit à argumenter que s’opéraient un découplage entre les caractéristiques du système technique et celles du territoire, qui peut engendrer une intensification du travail et ainsi affecter la durabilité du travail. Ces résultats nous permettent de proposer deux orientations pour l’action en prévention afin de contribuer à la conception de systèmes de travail de tri durables. La première vise à mieux identifier la coordination des acteurs de niveaux décisionnels différents : internes à l’entreprise et externes positionnés à l’échelle des territoires. Pour répondre à cet objectif, le champ de l’ergonomie a été déplacé pour mobiliser des cadres théoriques issus d’autres approches disciplinaires, dont celle de l’économie des proximités. Ce déplacement du champ vise à mieux prendre en compte les exigences posées par le réel et à produire des dispositifs mobilisant ces acteurs pour satisfaire l’exigence de transformation effective des situations de travail. La seconde vise à proposer des recommandations pour la conception de systèmes technico-organisationnels plastiques favorables à la santé et à l’efficacité. Les apports de cette thèse conduisent à proposer une approche de la prévention « en adhérence » qui articule les exigences essentielles d’une prévention réglementaire et les réalités industrielles des organisations productives et pour laquelle trois conditions ont ainsi été identifiées :This thesis is a part of the studies carried out on organizational dynamics regarding occupational risks prevention, led in particular in the French National Institute for Research and Safety (INRS). The key issue is to put forward terms and conditions of prevention which take into account the work realities and industrial realities.From interventions carried out in five waste sorting centres for household packaging, in a context of industrialization of the waste recycling sector, this research aims to better understand the work of sorting operator, in order to determine vectors for actions in prevention. The waste sorting centres are productive entities, part of green business sector, where industrial challenges carry two major dimensions of sustainable development: territoriality and social sustainability.The method that we chose aims to put forward an objectification of the waste sorting operator’s work activity, taking into account the specifics of this sector, in the prospect of a sustainable prevention. To do so, an analysis of the work activity, according to the ergonomics work analysis method (EWA) was conducted, complete by several confrontation tools used with workers, both individually and collectively.The results showed that waste sorting centres are production sites located in a specific territorial context. Workers have to manage the production while taking into account the limits of their technical system, faced with waste as a territorialized object. Waste comes from separate households’ collection and is brought in the centre for the purpose of being sorted. It has territorialized characteristics, depending on specific territorial economical and social factors. Additionally, political factors regarding choices in terms of waste collecting and sorting, factors related to the consumption pattern and households’ lifestyle on the territory, factors related to the morphological features of the territory, and related to territorial attractiveness are also considered. However, this dimension is not taken into account during both the waste sorting centres design phase and the implementation of prevention strategies. The national testing phase for an extension of waste sorting instructions that we contributed to led to, argue that a disconnection was taking place between the characteristics of the technical system and the characteristics of the territory. This disconnection may lead to work intensification, directly impacting work sustainability.These results allow us to put forward two directions for actions in prevention in order to contribute to the design of sustainable sorting work systems. The first aims to better identify the coordination between actors belonging to different decision-making levels: some internal stakeholders, within the sorting centres, and external actors, on a territorial scale. To achieve this goal, the field of ergonomics has been shifted to mobilize theoretical frameworks originating from other disciplinary approaches, as proximity economics. This shifting aims to better take into account the requirements of industrial realities, and to produce mechanisms mobilizing these actors to satisfy the need for an effective transformation of work situations. The second direction aspire to put forward recommendations for the design of technical and organizational plastic systems, i.e. systems which leave sufficient rooms of manoeuver, factor for operators’ health, and that make work systems more efficient. The contributions of this thesis lead to develop an approach of prevention « in connection » which articulate the essential requirements of a regulatory prevention, and the industrial realities of the productive organization, for which three requirements have been identified: (i) develop the prevention problem from the knowledge co-production with workers, (ii) articulate work and industrial performance requirements, (iii) including prevention into territorialized industrial projects
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Teodósio, Armindo dos Santos de Sousa. "Parcerias tri-setoriais na esfera pública: perspectivas, impasses e armadilhas para a modernização da gestão social no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/2537.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-17T00:00:00ZA Tese discute as implicações e desdobramentos da construção de Parcerias Tri-Setoriais na esfera pública, de forma a avançar na compreensão de suas perspectivas, impasses e armadilhas para a modernização da gestão de políticas e projetos sociais e a ampliação da cidadania no cenário brasileiro. São consideradas Parcerias Tri-Setoriais aquelas que envolvem simultaneamente atores governamentais, da sociedade civil e do mercado. Para tanto, são analisadas três experiências de intervenção em projetos sociais apoiadas pela Fundação AVINA no Brasil nas agendas de intervenção de educação, meio ambiente, pobreza e infância e adolescência. A discussão teórica levanta as principais correntes e tradições teóricas que analisam a ação do Estado, das organizações da sociedade civil e das empresas em direção à esfera pública. Em seguida são discutidas e articuladas propostas teóricas de interpretação das interações colaborativas entre atores sociais, de forma construir um quadro analítico capaz de guiar a pesquisa de campo. A investigação se inscreve no âmbito do chamado Estudo de Caso Extendido e recorre à abordagem metodológica qualitativa para coleta, tratamento e análise dos dados. Os resultados indicam que práticas tradicionais de construção de projetos de intervenção social e também de parcerias perduram dentro dos processos de interação das Parcerias Tri-Setoriais, apontando que modelos lineares e gerencialistas de explicação e intervenção na dinâmica desse fenômeno são pouco consistentes em termos de capacidade explicativa da realidade. As interações entre atores da sociedade civil, do Estado e de mercado são marcadas pela complexidade e pela construção de uma práxis não linear e marcada simultâneamente pela ocorrência de processos de conflito e cooperação, engajamento e distanciamento, e resistência e adesão. Frente a isso, as melhorias na provisão de políticas e projetos sociais advindas das Parcerias Tri-Setoriais nem sempre se fazem acompanhadas de avanços na construção da cidadania e de uma esfera pública mais plural e democrática no cenário brasileiro. Todo esse quadro informa a necessidade de se problematizar as Parcerias Tri-Setoriais a partir de modelos teóricos que incorporem a discussão da esfera pública e dos encontros e desencontros entre atores nessa dimensão, a fim de se melhor compreender as promessas, desdobramentos e armadilhas que tal perspectiva traz para a gestão social.
This Thesis discusses the implications of Tri-sectorial Partnerships in the public sphere, in way to understand its perspectives and challenges for the modernization of the management of social policies and projects and the enlargement of the citizenship in the Brazilian scenery. Three experiences supported by the AVINA Foundation in Brazil are analyzed in the areas of education, environment, poverty and childhood. The theoretical aproach discusses the main currents and traditions that analyze the action of the State, the civil society organizations and the companies in the public sphere. The collaborative interactions among social actors are discussed too, in way to build an analytical framework capable to guide the field research. The investigation is basead in the methodological proposal of Case Study Extended and in the qualitative approach for collection, treatment and analysis of the data. The results indicate that traditional practices of construction of projects of social intervention and also of partnerships can be find inside the the processes of interaction between actors in the Tri-sectorial Partnerships. Managerial and tecnicists models of explanation of that phenomenon offer little contribution in terms of explanatory capacity of the reality. The interactions among actors of the civil society, State and market are marked by the complexity and for the construction of practices based simultaneously on conflict and cooperation, engagement and estrangement, resistance and adhesion. The improvements in the provision of social policies and projects with the Tri-sectorial Partnerships not always results in progresses in the construction of a more plural and democratic public sphere in the Brazilian scenery. This perspective point the relevance of understand the Tri-sectorial Partnerships from theoretical models that incorporate the discussion of the public sphere, in order to advance the studies in the field of social management.
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Bulhões, Eduardo Pamplona. "O papel das redes transnacionais de Ongs no contencioso das patentes farmacêuticas entre Brasil e Estados Unidos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14391.
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Brasil e Estados Unidos têm apresentado posições políticas divergentes em relação à propriedade intelectual desde a década de 1970. O contencioso das patentes farmacêuticas na OMC foi iniciado em 2000 com um pedido de consulta dos Estados Unidos em relação à lei de patentes brasileira e está inserido nesse contexto de divergência entre os dois países. O contencioso foi solucionado por meio de um acordo no qual os Estados Unidos retiraram a queixa contra o Brasil em 2001. O envolvimento político de redes transnacionais de ONGs levou o assunto ao conhecimento da opinião pública mundial, fato que parece ter influenciado o resultado do contencioso. Sob o marco teórico da transnacionalidade, este estudo tem o objetivo de dimensionar o grau de influência política das ONGs organizadas em redes e seu impacto no resultado do contencioso. Para isso, (1) identifica as principais ONGs envolvidas na campanha global de acesso a medicamentos essenciais no período compreendido entre 1997 e 2001; (2) resgata o conflito em propriedade intelectual existente entre Brasil e Estados Unidos desde as décadas de 70 e 80; analisa (3) as estratégias das redes transnacionais de ONGs dentro da campanha de acesso a medicamentos essenciais e (4) os principais condicionantes do papel das ONGs na política mundial. Com base no estudo empírico da campanha de acesso a medicamentos essenciais, a conclusão reflete um esforço em dimensionar o papel das redes transnacionais de ONGs no contencioso entre Brasil e Estados Unidos na OMC, interpretando-o como parte de um movimento transnacional anti-hegemônico que gerou resultados benéficos em questões de propriedade intelectual aos países em desenvolvimento entre 1997 e 2001.Brazil and the United States appear to have defended divergent intellectual property policies since the 1970s. The controversy on pharmaceutical patents at the World Trade Organization (WTO) started back in 2000 with a complaint by the United States about the Brazilian patent law and it is part of this context of divergence between both countries. The controversy was solved by means of an agreement in which the United States withdrew the complaint against Brazil in 2001. The political engagement of transnational NGOs networks leveraged this issue to the concern of global public opinion. This fact appears to have influenced the outcome of the case at the WTO. Based on theoretical approaches on transnationalism, this study aims to dimension the degree of political influence of networkbased NGOs and its impact on the conflict outcome at the WTO. For this purpose, the research work (1) identifies the main NGOs engaged in and involved by the Global Access to Essential Medicines Campaign between 1997 and 2001; (2) reviews the conflicts on intellectual property between Brazil and the United States which have been taking place since the 1970s and 80s; analyses (3) the transnational NGOs networks’ strategies in the scope of the Global Access to Essential Medicines Campaign and (4) the main conditioning factors to the role of NGOs in world politics. Based on the empirical study on the Global Access to Essential Medicines Campaign, the conclusion reflects an effort to dimension the role of transnational NGOs networks in the controversy between Brazil and the United States at the WTO, interpreting it as part of an anti-hegemonic transnational movement that generated beneficial outcomes on intellectual property issues to developing countries between 1997 and 2001.
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Hein, Douglas. "Technology Readiness and Job Satisfaction." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1576620948807811.
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Štrosová, Alžběta. "Práva k duševnímu vlastnictví v obchodních jednáních WTO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12294.
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The goal of this diploma thesis is to introduce the intellectual property rights protection in the member states of the World Trade Organization and the main agreement that regulates this area, i.e. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual property Rights. The only discussed topic in the current round of negotiations are geographical indications and the creation of multilateral system for notifying and registering geographical indications for wines and spirits. Moreover, the thesis deals with the work of the TRIPS Council and several disputes related to TRIPS fulfillment.
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Liedke, Bartosz. "Ion beam processing of surfaces and interfaces." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79526.
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Self-organization of regular surface pattern under ion beam erosion was described in detail by Navez in 1962. Several years later in 1986 Bradley and Harper (BH) published the first self-consistent theory on this phenomenon based on the competition of surface roughening described by Sigmund's sputter theory and surface smoothing by Mullins-Herring diffusion. Many papers that followed BH theory introduced other processes responsible for the surface patterning e.g. viscous flow, redeposition, phase separation, preferential sputtering, etc. The present understanding is still not sufficient to specify the dominant driving forces responsible for self-organization. 3D atomistic simulations can improve the understanding by reproducing the pattern formation with the detailed microscopic description of the driving forces. 2D simulations published so far can contribute to this understanding only partially.
A novel program package for 3D atomistic simulations called TRIDER (TRansport of Ions in matter with DEfect Relaxation), which unifies full collision cascade simulation with atomistic relaxation processes, has been developed. The collision cascades are provided by simulations based on the Binary Collision Approximation, and the relaxation processes are simulated with the 3D lattice kinetic Monte-Carlo method. This allows, without any phenomenological model, a full 3D atomistic description on experimental spatiotemporal scales. Recently discussed new mechanisms of surface patterning like ballistic mass drift or the dependence of the local morphology on sputtering yield are inherently included in our atomistic approach.
The atomistic 3D simulations do not depend so much on experimental assumptions like reported 2D simulations or continuum theories. The 3D computer experiments can even be considered as 'cleanest' possible experiments for checking continuum theories. This work aims mainly at the methodology of a novel atomistic approach, showing that: (i) In general, sputtering is not the dominant driving force responsible for the ripple formation. Processes like bulk and surface defect kinetics dominate the surface morphology evolution. Only at grazing incidence the sputtering has been found to be a direct cause of the ripple formation. Bradley and Harper theory fails in explaining the ripple dynamics because it is based on the second-order-effect 'sputtering'. However, taking into account the new mechanisms, a 'Bradley-Harper equation' with redefined parameters can be derived, which describes pattern formation satisfactorily. (ii) Kinetics of (bulk) defects has been revealed as the dominating driving force of pattern formation. Constantly created defects within the collision cascade, are responsible for local surface topography fluctuation and cause surface mass currents. The mass currents smooth the surface at normal and close to normal ion incidence angles, while ripples appear first at incidence angles larger than 40°.
The evolution of bimetallic interfaces under ion irradiation is another application of TRIDER described in this thesis. The collisional mixing is in competition with diffusion and phase separation. The irradiation with He ions is studied for two extreme cases of bimetals: (i) Irradiation of interfaces formed by immiscible elements, here Al and Pb. Ballistic interface mixing is accompanied by phase separation. Al and Pb nanoclusters show a self-ordering (banding) parallel to the interface. (ii) Irradiation of interfaces by intermetallics forming species, here Pt and Co. Well-ordered layers of phases of intermetallics appear in the sequence Pt/Pt3Co/PtCo/PtCo3/Co. The TRIDER program package has been proven to be an appropriate technique providing a complete picture of mixing mechanisms.
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Ambrose, Josh D. "Evaluating Community Dependence on Short-Term International Medical Clinics: A Cross-Sectional Study in Masatepe, Nicaragua." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1463133502.
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Obertan, Paméla. "Les stratégies de contestation des pays en voie de développement face à l'universalisation des brevets sur le vivant." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0642/document.
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Selon les théories classiques du pouvoir, les relations asymétriques favorisent généralement l’acteur le plus puissant en termes de ressources. Toutefois, la partie la plus puissante au niveau de la force et des ressources ne gagne pas toujours dans les négociations. Cela dépend de plusieurs facteurs et notamment des tactiques de négociation de la partie la plus faible. Notre thèse vise justement à analyser un certain nombre de stratégies de négociations que peuvent mener les parties les plus faibles pour obtenir des gains. Afin d’illustrer nos propos, nous avons choisi l’exemple donné par un certain nombre de pays en voie de développement (PVD) pour contester le brevet sur le vivant contenu dans l’Accord sur les aspects des droits de la propriété intellectuelle (ADPIC). Notre objectif a été de comprendre les principales stratégies qu’ils ont employées pour remettre en question cette norme et la rééquilibrer. Afin de réaliser ce travail, nous nous sommes servis du concept d’hégémonie de Gramsci et de cadre emprunté à la littérature des mouvements sociaux. Cela nous a permis de poser l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’Accord sur les ADPIC constitue une norme hégémonique qui avantage essentiellement quelques pays développés et des entreprises internationales. Cependant, cette domination se cache derrière un discours universel et positif visant à susciter une forte adhésion. Ainsi, dans un tel cas de figure, les PVD ne peuvent pas espérer la remettre en question sans un changement de perception. Il faut donc que les règles perçues comme justes et immuables soient cadrées comme injustes et mutables, pour que les pays décident de les contester. Nous avons alors testé cette hypothèse à travers une analyse de contenu du discours officiel des PVD à l’Organisation mondiale du commerce. Ce travail nous a permis d’observer que le cadrage est un instrument important pour lutter contre l’hégémonie d’une norme. En effet, il offre la faculté de montrer que le brevet sur le vivant, loin de présenter que des avantages, est aussi une source de problèmes auxquels il faut apporter des solutions. Le cadre constitue aussi un bon moyen pour élaborer des propositions normatives alternatives. Toutefois, nous avons constaté que cette stratégie est insuffisante pour traduire les propositions des PVD en normes contraignantes. Afin d’obtenir certains changements normatifs, l’élaboration de coalitions s’avère particulièrement pertinente pour les PVD. De même, nous avons noté que les PVD qui demandent des changements normatifs quand la structure des opportunités politiques est ouverte ont plus de chance d’obtenir satisfaction de leurs revendications. La présente thèse nous offre ainsi un portrait général de stratégies de négociation et démontre que sous certaines conditions les parties les plus faibles peuvent obtenir certains gains dans une négociation asymétriqueAccording to the classical theories of power, asymmetrical relations generally favor the most powerful actor in terms of resources. However, the most powerful in terms of strength and resources part does not always win in negotiations. This depends on several factors, including negotiation tactics of the weaker party. Our thesis aims to analyze different type of negotiation strategies that weaker parties can use to obtain some benefit. To illustrate this point, we chose the example set by a number of developing countries (DV) to challenge the patenting of life contained in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Our goal was to understand the key strategies they have used to question this norm and rebalance it. To make this work, we used the concept of hegemony conceptualized by Gramsci and the concept of framework borrowed from the literature of social movements. This tool has allowed us to make the assumption that TRIPS is a hegemonic norm that mainly benefit to few developed countries and international companies. However, this domination is hidden by the norms thanks to universal and positive discourse which help to generate strong adhesion. Thus, in such a case, developing countries can’t expect to challenge this norm without a change of perception. It is therefore necessary that the rules perceived as fair and immutable are framed as unjust and mutable, so that countries decide to challenge it. We then tested this hypothesis through a content analysis of the DC’s official discourse at the World Trade Organization. This work has allowed us to observe that the framing is an important tool in the fight against the norm’s hegemony. Indeed, it offers the possibility to show that the patenting of life, far from presenting just a source of benefits, is also a source of problems that need solutions. The frame is also a good way to develop alternative normative propositions. However, we found that this strategy is insufficient to translate DC’s proposals into binding norms. In order to obtain changes in the agreement, building coalitions is particularly relevant for DC. Furthermore, we noted that DC which require regulatory changes when the structure of political opportunities is opened are more likely to obtain what they want. This thesis offers us a general picture of negotiations strategies and reveal that under certain conditions the weaker parties can get some gains in an asymmetrical negotiation
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Ruzek, Vincent. "Communautarisation et mondialisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G009.
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L’internationalisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, initiée à la fin du XIXe siècle, a pris depuis la fin du XXe siècle une toute nouvelle tournure avec son inclusion dans le champ des disciplines commerciales multilatérales. La signature de l’accord ADPIC marque en effet l’émergence d’une véritable gouvernance mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle : l’ambition affichée par l’OMC est d’encadrer, substantiellement parlant, la marge de manœuvre des membres dans la mise en place de leurs politiques de protection. Bien qu’initié plus tardivement, la communautarisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle revêt désormais une portée considérable : outre une conciliation effective des régimes nationaux de protection avec les principes cardinaux du traité, d’importantes directives d’harmonisation ont été édictées, et des titres européens de protection ont même été créés dans certains secteurs. Notre étude a pour vocation de montrer comment la communautarisation, au-delà de son rôle traditionnel de source du droit, officie comme un indispensable vecteur de structuration de la position européenne vis-à-vis de la mondialisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle. Dans son versant ascendant tout d’abord – du local au global –, le vecteur communautarisation joue un rôle de mutualisation des objectifs à promouvoir sur la scène internationale. L’enjeu n’est autre que celui de façonner une gouvernance mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle qui corresponde au système d’intérêts et de valeurs de l’Union, conformément aux objectifs ambitieux assignés par le Traité. Ce processus de mutualisation n’a toutefois rien d’automatique : d’importantes contraintes institutionnelles – malgré plusieurs révisions du Traité et la progression graduelle de l’harmonisation en interne – contrarient l’émergence d’une véritable politique européenne extérieure intégrée. Mais c’est précisément à l’aune de ces contraintes qu’il convient d’apprécier la portée des accomplissements de l’UE, qui a su s’imposer comme un acteur central de la gouvernance mondiale du droit de la propriété intellectuelle. Dans son versant descendant ensuite – du global au local –, le vecteur communautarisation s’accompagne d’une montée en puissance du juge de Luxembourg dans l’arbitrage des situations d’interactions normatives fréquentes et complexes entre le droit de l’Union et le droit international de la propriété intellectuelle. L’étude systématique de la résolution par la Cour de ces interactions normatives montre combien celle-ci s’attache à préserver l’autonomie de l’ordre juridique de l’Union, en ménageant une marge d’appréciation significative dans la mise en œuvre des obligations découlant de la mondialisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle. Cette marge d’appréciation est mise à profit pour assurer la défense d’un modèle européen original en construction, tirant parti des flexibilités du cadre normatif mondialThe internationalization of IP Law, initiated at the end of the 19th century, has taken since the end of the 20th century a brand new twist with its inclusion in the field of multilateral trade disciplines. The signing of the TRIPS agreement marks the emergence of a global IP governance. Indeed, the ambition displayed by the WTO is to supervise the margin of maneuver of its Members in implementing their policies. Although Communitization of IP law started much later, it now has a considerable scope: national protection regimes have been conciliated with the cardinal principles of the Treaty, some important harmonization directives have been enacted, and various European titles of protection have even been created. Our study is designed to show how Communitization, beyond its traditional role of source of law, officiates as a necessary and efficient vector for structuring the European position towards the Globalization of IP Law. In its ascendant side first -- from Local to Global, the Communitization vector plays a role of merging the objectives to be promoted on the international scene. The issue at stake is to shape an IP global framework that corresponds to the system of interests and values of the EU, in accordance with the far-reaching objectives assigned by the Treaty. This merging process is, however, not automatic. In spite of several amendments to the Treaty and of the progress of internal harmonization, various institutional constraints thwart the emergence of a fully integrated external European policy in the field of IP. But it is precisely in light of these constraints that the scope of the achievements of the EU, which in now recognized as a central actor in the global IP governance, must be appreciated. In its down side then -- from Global to Local, the Communitization vector is accompanied by a rise of the European Court of Justice in arbitrating complex normative interactions between national, EU and International IP Laws. A systematic analysis of the resolution by the ECJ of these normative interactions reveals its determination to safeguard the autonomy of the EU legal order, by arranging for significant discretion in implementing international commitments. This margin of appreciation is used to defend an original European model under construction, taking advantage of the flexibilities of the global normative framework
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Králová, Barbora. "Organizace školy v přírodě." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382920.
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This thesis deals with organization of a long-term school trip, which means organization of a sojourn for primary school pupils in surrounding which is beneficial to pupils' health while their education is not interrupted. The theoretical part of this thesis is focused on those law regulations, which have to be followed in the process of organizing a long-term school trip and during the time the event is taking place. Basic concepts dealing with the organization of a long-term school trip are also defined in the theoretical part of this thesis. The practical part of this thesis is based on collecting data through a survey and dialogues with teachers. The aim of the survey and those dialogues is to find out the interest of primary school teachers who teach at schools located in Prague 1 and in Prague 2 in organizing a long- term school trip and to detect their experience which they have acquired by organizing long- school trips. KEYWORDS: organization, long-term school trip, administration, interest, pupil of primary school age, younger school age, sojourn, primary school
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Karasová, Jana. "Škola v přírodě z pohledu učitele." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372549.
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Thesis is focused on all aspects of having pupils of a younger school age participating in a nature field trip, as percieved from a teacher's point of view. The theory section concentrates on the definition of basic terms on given issues, legislation and organisation of the nature field trip. The practical part is formed of a questionnaire section and a discussion with the aim to find out whether schools in the Czech Republic organise these trips and if so, what experiences teachers come across. If not, what reasons let them to that decision. The object of the thesis is to analyse the outcome of the inquiry and to summarise the benefits and disadvantages which emerge for teachers from such nature field trip. Both part sof the thesis highlight the challenges teachers are facing in thein profession not only during the preparation stages but also throughout the course of the nature field trip. Additionally the practical section features actual examples of previously completed trips, including the reflection of participating teachers.
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Marques, Ricardo M. S. "Organization: TRIO Team LORIA Laboratory." Master's thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15158.
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Mei-Li, Lee, and 李美麗. "Application of TRIZ Method Study Community Management and Social Enterprise Perspective Impact on Nonprofit Organizations Operation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q4yhn4.
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碩士國立臺中教育大學
文化創意產業設計與營運學系事業經營管理碩士班
105
In Taiwan, most temples have at the grass-roots nature, or small voluntary organizations and charity work, providing relief, poor scholarship, and disaster relief, the paranormal, bright lights and other service-oriented. Dharma mission does not conflict with social services, Temple in the social services industry with nonprofit organizations also encountered difficulties in operation, and in the expansion of community social services and nonprofit organizations still require a change of industrialization of the concept of transformation, more in need of social services related to training, to emerging social problems by providing regular social services. In this thesis, literature reviews, case studies and using different methods such as TRIZ tools, established NPO governance framework for benefits on the one hand, on the other hand, through the fertile virtue of filial piety as a case body on social welfare and business management for the social enterprise model, specific research actions nonprofit social enterprise in transition strategies and practical benefits. In the case analysis process found through the chief of village in community governance to join, a certain degree of impact on the improvement of the community, because the chief of village can provide non-profit organizations to solve the social problems and get enough information in service area familiarity. Through a collaborative mechanism to build a non-profit organization after the staff can quickly get started to the community's social problems. The same time possible to provide a concrete implementation proposal for chief of village. Solid independent resources so as to help non-profit organizations, but can also bring Community collective growth. How to continue to promote social participation, social acceptance and trust is the core of the Organization, hope this sharing can lead to valuable effect, put into social services and lack of religious organizations, in order to highlight social enterprises with non-profit organizations in transition value and legitimacy of organizations.
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Hsieh, Cheng-Chun, and 謝承雋. "To Apply TRIZ to Develop the Service Improving Solutions for Food-related Organizations: Examples of 6 companies." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09103008806694129603.
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碩士國立中興大學
行銷學系所
103
With rapid and very competitive of the catering industry has developed in Taiwan, it is necessary to improve services to meet the demands of consumers for the traditional food industry or industries which want to be sustainable operation. According to the different types of product, this study selects six companies about food-related industry to discuss, and explores which service needs to be improved. In order to understand what services are available for improvement in these six companies, this study depends on the literatures of food retail to design questionnaires. Obtain from these six companies, this study finds 8 key issues for improvement. Moreover, this study uses TRIZ theory to develop 19 improvement solutions of services. And the 8 key issues for improvement and 19 improvement solutions of services are demonstrated as follows: 1. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to enhance the in-store atmosphere’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Strengthening the lighting when the rush hour of customer purchases’, ‘Clerks provide diversified services and increase customer experience.’ 2. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to increase the diversity of goods’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Increase commodity items according to the main consumer groups’, ‘The need of major consumer groups is as purchases of products subject’, ‘Design theme-based packaging of the different size and weight according to the target customer group preferences.’ 3. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to set commodity pricing’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Explain the relationship between commodity prices and costs for price sensitive customers’, ‘Let the customers know the reasons when commodity price increases.’ 4. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to promote the commodity’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Propose marketing programs, such as gift with purchase or group purchase price’, ‘Propose discounts when festive or seasonal issues occur’, ‘Before major holidays, in advance of posting advertising banners cloth characteristics of goods and merchandise, designing small size and weight of the packaging, and preparing sufficient inventory for consumers to purchase.’ 5. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to improve operational efficiency’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Establish the work content of SOP in the off-peak periods.’ 6. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to improve the performance of sales staff’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Design the work content of SOP only for the customer contact points’, ‘Staff training focus on the customer contact points’, ‘By the overall macro perspective, establish the company SOP of various departments to ensure service quality’, ‘The performance of the sales staff to be amended by anonymous questionnaire’, ‘Reduce employee training time and cost by using the online way to design a set of internal education and training platform.’ 7. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to improve the company''s reputation and brand image’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Establish the unique service innovation.’ 8. In the key issues for improvement ‘How to solve the problem of shop location selection’, this study develops the service improving solutions are ‘Strengthening the lighting before and after one hour of the meal time.’ Because this study develops many solutions about service improving, it would be doubted what we should do first. Therefore, this study uses one company as a sample and arranges this company’s improvement solutions of services in important and chronological order, and then draw ""the relationship matrix between the importance and the time."" Moreover, this study also examines the rationality through the industry viewpoints and the academic viewpoints. Finally, this study sorts these solutions, and gets solutions with the order. The findings provide practical implications for food-related industries when they operate in the future.
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Shiang, Wang Liou, and 王柳湘. "Using TRIZ And QFD Approaches To Police Organization Innovation Service Quality Design – A Case Of “Intimate Local Police Substations”." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y827wz.
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碩士台灣首府大學
工業管理學系研究所
101
All things are ruled by the will of the people and all public sectors require their subordinates improve the people’s satisfaction in highly democratic countries. As one of the social control organs, the police must give consideration to interference, ban and service quality. There exist large role conflicts, which doubtlessly add burden to the police who have already been suffering from high work stress and working hard.For police constables who work at the front line and have frequent contact with the common people, that is, the basic-level police who carry out administrative work of the police, how to gain recognition from the people through innovative service quality is a topic worth discussing. This research establishes a TRIZ framework for the basic-level police to serve people through TRIZ (Teorija Rezhenija Izobretate Zadac)method and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) so as to assist the police in designing innovative service quality, in the hope of improving the service quality and the people’s satisfaction. TRIZ engineering parameters are converted to police service parameters and Contradiction Matrix is used. And Forty TRIZ-based police service innovation principles are established. Meanwhile, to get closer to the people and understand their opinions and demand, this research further discusses the importance of police service parameters with QFD method. It uses Single Engineering Characteristic and Principle to judge the strength of Relationship Matrix, in the hope of working out the service that the common people satisfy. “Considerate Local Police Station” promoted by a branch of Tainan City Police Department is studied as the research object. The result shows: this research provides systematic innovative service architecture of police agency; it has also learned about the priority of the importance of service parameters; which can be used as a reference for the branch to serve people.The achievement is also applicable to general service of the police. It hopes theservice provided by the police agency can be better than expected.
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Chen, Da-shing, and 陳大興. "The investigation for adopting the Computer-Assisted Instruction and TRIZ theory to train the System Analyst to promote the organization efficiency." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86984938368992658684.
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碩士清雲科技大學
經營管理研究所
99
In the era of knowledge-driven economy of 21st century, the natural resources and fund have already no longer been advantages. Science and technology and manpower are mainly competing weapon of enterprise''s success. Under the globalized competition pressure, more and more enterprises and organizations attempt to strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises or organize by improving the management style and product innovation. However, before the development strategies, the administrators may make the judgment mistake or cannot grasp the work schedule because the system analyst lacks knowledge and work experience. The enterprises or organize will bear enormous losses under this situations. Hence, the study will attempt to adopt the Computer-Assisted Instruction and TRIZ theory to research and develop an instruction model training the System Analyst. It will improve the problem above mention.
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Neumannová, Petra. "Programy pro letní školu v přírodě pro žáky 1. stupně základní školy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306090.
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The thesis is focused on summer programmes for field trips for primary school pupils. The theoretical part of the thesis contains important information about the organisation of the field trips and ideas for activities for this stay. In the practical part, I find out whether schools in the Czech Republic organize the field trips and the way of the realization. Then, in the practical part, I realize my own one-week project.
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Wang, Guo-Cai, and 王國才. "Organizational change under the military hospital Eisai Research Management - to Tri-Service General Hospital, for example." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60684708871292514717.
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碩士元智大學
管理研究所
98
Nowadays in 21st century, development of globalization faces the problems of survival and development. To obtain advantages in competition, people should continuously adopt innovative theologies and technologies. The flourish of logistics thinking tide in modern society is aimed to save unnecessary costs and remove excessive actions and working links, realize rapid transmission of goods, deliver proper goods in right time to correct designation. However, logistics center plays a role of goods gathering and distribution in the process of substantive goods distribution and sale, and develops functions of order treatment, National troops deploy medical treatment responsible regions in combination with fighting regions in north, center, south, east of Taiwan island and off island (outer island) according to military forces in each fighting region, establish totally 20 local hospitals and medical treatment centers affiliated to national troops, which are responsible for providing clinic service, emergency service, hospitalization and medical treatment service to soldiers. Except being responsible for sending the wounded to hospitals within responsible regions, National troop also participates in annual significant maneuvers in each fighting region and give emergency treatment to a large amount of the wounded. Due to organizational reform in national troops, each budget gradually shrinks year by year. To maintain operation of national troop hospitals, each national troop hospital has to increase income and decrease expenditure, and works with implementation of “Refining Project”, “Reorganizing Project” and even “Essence Project”, with the purpose to reduce unnecessary inventory and save inventory cost, not waste unnecessary investment, and develop efficiency of medical centers and the overall hospitals. Based on the factors mentioned, this study is aimed to apply logistics management following modern commercial tendency into sanitary material management concerning its demand, acquisition, storage and allocation workings in Tri-Service General Hospital by referring to successful modes, ideas, experiences and opinions in logistics management working, and save unnecessary investment and reduce excessive wastes by using limited resources and budgets, so as to allow each medical treatment to be effectively applied into required patients. The purpose sof this study are seen as follows: 1. Review logistics management concept and its utilization mode effectively used in modern enterprises and apply above concepts and modes into sanitary material management workings in central warehouse in Tri-Service General Hospital, with the hope of effectively refining overall doings. 2. Utilize cost control concept in enterprise logistics management, hope sanitary material management working in central warehouse in Tri-Service General Hospital is really good at using budgets and resources, calculates their needs accurately, and effectively invests resources into specific medical treatment tasks. 3. Ensure execution of medical treatment tasks are not affected due to labor shrinkage in future after logistics management mode is actually used. Perfect medical treatment resources are the important factor of development fighting force well. To develop efficiency and profit of each medical treatment resource, except doctors and nursing staff master professional skills, another important factor is effective control of quality and cost of medical products, allowing limited resources to develop its efficiency. It is hoped to develop efficiency, save resources, avoid wastes, reduce inventory costs and benefit all medical treatment actions under the premises complying with national interest and policy planning. Therefore, this study will introduce enterprises’ concept of “logistics management” into study on medical sanitary material management of national troops, with pursuit of increasing overall medical treatment efficiency, and further wishes to effectively integrate and refine overall resources in future for supporting execution of fighting tasks of national troops. Key words: Sanitary material management, logistics management, cost reduction and cost control.
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Hsueh-Lin, Lu, and 呂學琳. "An Exploratory Study of Organizational Development for Health Promoting Hospital in Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60786681148844737550.
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碩士國防醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
91
The purposes of this study were to examine the organizational environments that affected the development of health promoting hospital (HPH), and to create a supportive organizational environment to practice health promoting issues. A structured questionnaire involved 649 staffs of Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH) was used to measure their opinion of organizational environment among different departments. The organizational environment in this study was measured by the factors of organizational culture, learning environment, the way of communication and co-ordination, and the working condition. The research findings showed that the nurses were 47.1% of total staffs, and there were 21.7% of staffs worded over 48 hours a week. All staffs have a positive tendency toward every organizational environment as a whole; however, there was a significant difference among each career. In the factor of the autonomy of the employees, the administrative personnel was more autonomy than others; the learning motivation and opportunity of the physicians was much more than other staffs; the administrative personnel have a better communicative and co-coordinating recognition than physicians and nurses; the physicians and nurses usually have to work overtime, and the administrative personnel and nurses were more complained by patients than others. There were 85.4% of staffs represent that perceiving stress from work, and the main stress sources were “time-limited”, “working overtime usually” and “the psychological burden from work”. The aspect of staffs’ perception and participating attitude toward HPH project, 48.2% of staffs have no ideas to this project, 71.2% of respondents did not understand the contents of HPH plan at all; there were 78.8% of staffs were willing to participate the HPH project, and the remainders were lacking enough time to participate this project. According to the research findings of this study, we identified the most important issues to initiate the project in TSGH: (1) To practice suitable HPH issues to different staffs. (2) To improve the organizational environments and working conditions for solving stress problems. (3) To create a learning organization and assess the learning needs of staffs for establishing the climate of learning. (4) To strengthen channels of communication that making the co-ordination process smoothly. Some suggestions about related researches should develop a suitable questionnaire locally for HPH, and extend the concept of the health promotion to the communities.
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Liu, Shao-yu, and 劉韶瑜. "A Study of The Donation Intention by Story Elements in Non-profit Organization: A Case of Stray Animals Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p5g9ua.
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碩士世新大學
公共關係暨廣告學研究所(含碩專班)
102
Recently story is heavily applied in commercial brand building activities, intended to build brand value through story telling. Traditional studies on story marketing are mostly business oriented. However, the purpose of marketing in non-profit organization is to build commitments and trigger off actions, such as donation and behavioral participation, which are different from profit-seeking organization. With this understanding, this study take the case of stray animals TNR organization donation attraction as an example, discuss how the story elements can call up audiences empathy, and further affect their message attitude and donation intention to a non-profit organization. This study consolidates the past study documents on story elements, concluded two major dimensions: “story authenticity” and “story structure”, use the two dimensions to design 2x2 scenarios in the experiment, and measure its influence to message attitude and donation intention. Data are analyzed by independent sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, regression analysis, and pooled t-test. The study found that story authenticity and story structure both could positively affect the message attitude and donation willingness. The story elements can affect directly not only the message attitude and donation willingness, but through calling up empathy of the audiences, it can also indirectly affect the message attitude and donation intention. This study also found that high authenticity/high story structure and high structure/low authenticity scenarios have better effect in non-profit organization story marketing. This study consolidates the past story marketing researches, use message attitude and donation intention to measure the effect of story elements, and provide a theoretical framework as reference for further studies. This study also serve as a practical reference for story marketing in NPOs.
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Chen, Mei-Ru, and 陳美如. "The Cooperation Between Non-profit Organizations and Local Government: A Case Study on Feral Cat of Trap-Neuter-Return of Taipei City." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29225153018900484853.
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碩士國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系
99
“Trap-Neuter-Return’’ (TNR) is an emerging public issue in recent years, and many volunteers advance it in Taipei. If the project wants to succeed, it must depend on the cooperation between Non-profit Organizations (NPOs) and Local Government. This study mainly discusses the possible solutions and difficulties faced in the project. By the way, this research adopts In-depth interview methods to explain:(1) factors that affect cooperation between NPOs and local government ; (2) meaning of the cooperation relationship, and (3) characteristics of TNR of Taipei City. This research reviewed former studies about the theory and practical field to construct the analytic structure at first, then. canalized structure into two parts. One part is cooperation factors, including NPOs which participate in local public affairs’ motivation(including subjective and objective sides), and NPOs‘ characteristics; the other is about cooperation outcomes, including three relationships: local government-oriented, NPOs-oriented, and equal contract. Because of the special nature of this case, the author re-construct part of the analytic structure, especially about modified communicate to the degree of communication, trust and commitment to confidence, and three cooperation relationships to policy stakeholders. According to the findings, the author suggest that NPOs should pay attention to their purpose of organization and autonomy, enhance their operational capacity, and focus on the views of animal protection organizations. On the other hand, the author suggest that local government should also re-define roles and functions both of NPOs and local government, increase resources for implementation, and strengthen the legitimacy of the policy.
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Easter, Sarah. "Homelessness through different lenses: negotiating multiple meaning systems in a Canadian tri-sector social partnership." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7234.
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Research has shown that socially-focused partnerships that cross sectors (referred to as social partnerships within) are necessary in order to effectively address pressing societal issues such as poverty. Yet, in these complex organizational contexts, there is often variability within and between involved organizations as it relates to basic assumptions around work and the meanings given to practices at macro, meso and micro levels of analysis. Put differently, there are often a plurality of meaning systems at play in such multi-faceted organizational arrangements. Accordingly, the purpose of this dissertation was to understand to what extent multiple meaning systems exist in social partnerships focused on addressing multi-faceted societal challenges and, whether and how such differences in meaning systems are strategically negotiated over time. At a deeper theoretical level, this research was focused on illuminating the processes by which meaning systems are negotiated when organizational boundaries are blurred and when a plurality of meaning systems are at play, with a central focus on players that act as boundary spanners within these complex organizational contexts.
To understand the complexities at play in social partnerships emanating from multiple meaning systems, I conducted a multi-site ethnographic study, involving in-depth interviews and participant observation, of the Greater Victoria Coalition to End Homelessness Society (Coalition) located in Victoria, British Columbia. In doing so, I utilized the principal literature streams that address multiple meaning systems at work: the culture literature in organization studies and the institutional logics perspective. As well, I incorporated other literatures based upon the emergent findings, namely organizational identity.
Through this work I make a number of contributions within the area of sustainability, particularly the social partnership literature, as well as organizational theory. Empirically, I develop a process model that elucidates how players negotiate multiple meanings of organizational identity over time in a social partnership setting characterized by permeable boundaries and shared authority, at the group level of analysis. This is significant as we know little about how identity plays out in such multi-faceted organizational settings with continual blurred boundaries even as research has indicated that such arrangements are likely to surface identity issues among players (Maguire & Hardy, 2005). I also elucidate how individual players bridge across multiple meaning systems in a social partnership over time, answering the call for more research concerning the role of individuals and their interactions with organizations in the collaboration process over time (Manning & Roessler, 2014). To my knowledge, this work is one of the first of its kind to empirically explore tri-sector socially focused collaborations – involving players from the public, private and nonprofit sectors – that are more integrative and interconnected in nature (Austin & Seitanidi, 2012a) and that employs a process based perspective to understand how such collaborations unfold over time. In addition, I theoretically develop the link between institutional logics and organizational culture that emerged empirically via this study to guide future integrative work to holistically account for the multiplicity of meaning systems at work within and between such multi-faceted arrangements.Graduate
2020-04-01
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Wang, Teng-Hui, and 王騰輝. "A Study of Applying TRIZ to Explore the Relation between Innovative Service and Core Competence of the Organization － A Case Study of Financial Department of the R.O.C. Military." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87073888138899290000.
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碩士樹德科技大學
經營管理研究所
99
A Study of Applying TRIZ to explore the Relation between Innovative Service and Core Competence of the Organization － A case Study of Financial Department of the R.O.C. Military Abstract In the future, all industries will become part of the service industry. In the service industry, not only are products and services crucial, but also the service provider’s ability to solve the problems of clients, create value, and even provide comprehensive solutions for problems clients have yet to notice. The government is the largest provider of public services and must solve problems quickly, accurately, and efficiently. The government is also expected to demonstrate outstanding action and implement activities that fulfill expectations and earn public trust. Introducing service innovation is necessary for raising both service quality and the level of satisfaction people demand from official institutions. The development of service innovation should be based on core competencies to provide continual motivation for the provision of services during the developmental process, while consistently accumulating competitive advantage. In the past, TRIZ has been widely applied in the field of engineering. With the promotion and proliferation of innovative concepts, however, TRIZ is increasingly being used in management decision making and business administration. This study used TRIZ to investigate the correlation between organizational core competencies and service innovation. As its research subject, this study chose the Kaohsiung Financial Unit of the National Armed Forces, the front-line service provider for the promotion of service innovation at the Ministry of National Defense. This study investigated how to realize service innovations and develop new service concepts, new client interfaces, a new service delivery system, and technological options by integrating four core competencies: the technical system, managerial system, employee knowledge and skills, and values and norms using TRIZ. Based on the results of this study, the researchers generated practical suggestions to encourage public institutions to seek a clearer understanding of the core competencies of service innovation. Thus, such institutions can develop innovative methods and improve the efficiency of public services, while using these results as a reference for management decision making. Keywords: TRIZ, core competencies, service innovation
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Mujumdar, Nameeta. "A Study Of The Roles Played By The Trishanku Gene In The Morphogenesis Of Dictyostelium Discoideum." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1079.
Full textAbstract:
A hallmark feature of Dictyostelium development is the establishment and maintenance of precise cell-type proportions. In the case of D. discoideum, roughly 20% of the cells that aggregate form the stalk while the remaining 80% form the spores. In order to identify genes involved in cell-type proportioning Jaiswal et al. (2006) carried out random insertional mutagenesis (REMI) of the D. discoideum genome. This led to the identification of a novel gene, which was named trishanku (triA). A knock-out of triA did not show any defects during growth and early development but multiple defects later during development.
To understand the reasons for the multiple developmental defects in the absence of triA, I looked at the genomic organization and the pattern of expression of the triA gene. In silico analysis points to the presence of more than one consensus D. discoideum promoter sequence upstream to exons1 and 2, raising the possibility that the triA gene could code for more than one transcript. Northern blot analysis confirms this prediction and provides evidence for the presence of two transcripts: triA1-2-3 (~ 2.9 kb, containing exons 1+2+3) and triA2-3 (~ 2 kb, containing exons 2+3). Both transcripts have exons 2 and 3 in common. In triA- cells, the REMI cassette is inserted in exon 2, which is common to both transcripts; thus, the absence of triA results in the lack of both. The transcripts are absent in vegetative cells but expressed during development. triA2-3 is expressed earlier, by 3h, while triA1-2-3 is expressed later, by 9h, and both remain till the end of development. triA2-3 and triA1-2-3 are differentially regulated by different aspects of the extracellular environment which include mode of development of cells (solid substratum versus shaken suspension), the presence of a high level of extracellular cAMP and formation of stable cell-cell contacts. The expression of triA2-3 and triA1-2-3 in triA- cells, one at a time under a constitutive promoter (Actin15 promoter), suggests that the two transcripts have both specific as well as overlapping functions in the cell. The triA2-3 transcript can specifically restore spore forming efficiency and stalk thickness, while the triA1-2-3 transcript can rescue the stream break up defect. Both the transcripts can rescue the sub-terminal position of the sorus, spore shape and spore viability.
To address the question of stream break-up during mid to late aggregation in triA- cells, I have looked at the cell adhesion profile of triA- cells and compared it with the wild type (Ax2). triA- cells show transient disaggregation in buffer and a 2h delay in agglutination in presence of buffer with 10mM EDTA. This aberrant cell adhesion profile seen in triA- cells is in accordance with the expression pattern of genes encoding known cell adhesion molecules. triA- cells also overproduce an extracellular factor which significantly decreases the aggregate size of both Ax2 and triA-. The nature of the extracellular factor overproduced by in triA- cells is currently unknown, but it is not the same as cell-counting factor which is overproduced by smlA null cells.
To look at the mis-expression of cell type-specific genes, I have monitored the movement of prestalk cells into the prespore region and vice versa in both Ax2 and triA- slugs. My studies show that there is extensive movement of prestalk cells into the prespore region and of prespore cells into the prestalk region in triA- slugs, which is absent in Ax2 slugs. Also, cells that move into the ‘wrong’ region show a change their cell fate (transdifferentiate) appropriate to the new location; whether transdifferentiation precedes or succeeds cell movement is not yet clear. Transdifferentiation is observed to a certain extent in Ax2 slugs, but only after prolonged migration; triA- slugs show enhanced transdifferentiation even in the absence of migration.
To find out the possible reason(s) for the formation of a sub-terminal spore mass in the absence of triA, I have checked whether the defect lies in the ability of the prespore cells to rise up the stalk or in the ability of the upper cup (cells present above the spore mass contributed by a subset of prestalk cells and anterior like-cells) to pull the spore mass to the top. To see which of the two reasons could be responsible for the formation of a sub-terminal spore mass in triA-, I carried out transplantation experiments where the anterior one-fourth region of an Ax2 or triA- slug is grafted to the posterior four-fifth region of a triA- or Ax2 slug and the morphology of the fruiting body is observed. My studies show that the sub-terminal position of the spore mass in triA- is not due to an inability of the prespore cells to rise to the top but to a defect in the upper cup. The upper cup in triA- remains motile but is unable to remain attached to the prespore mass during culmination. It detaches, rises up the stalk and is present at the tip of the stalk. Mixing a minority of triA- cells (20%) with an excess of Ax2 (80%) results in an upper up formed by Ax2 alone. In this situation, the wild type upper cup is able to lift the triA- prespore mass to the top. Thus, the presence of triA (a prespore-specific gene) is essential for the proper functioning of the upper cup cells (which belong to the prestalk class) in order to enable prespore cells to ascend to the top of the stalk.
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Andrade, Camille de Oliveira. "Da liberalização do comércio ao encorajamento da inovação médica pelo direito da organização mundial do comércio : o acesso a medicamentos e outras tecnologias médicas à luz do acordo TRIPS." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33647.
Full textAbstract:
A elevação da proteção legal da propriedade intelectual ao plano do comércio internacional, via Acordo TRIPS, acentuou o clássico conflito entre a inovação e o acesso, em especial no campo farmacêutico e médico. Foi provocada uma revolução na transferência informal de tecnologia e no licenciamento obrigatório. O Direito da OMC, norteado pelo princípio da proteção exclusivamente aduaneira, tradicionalmente legitima barreiras ao comércio, contra a lógica da OMC, enquanto medidas de proteção da saúde pública. Em contraste, a solução de Doha, convertida em Emenda ao Acordo TRIPS sob o Artigo 31bis, foi a resposta ao protecionismo consagrado pelo próprio Direito da OMC. Sobre o Artigo 31bis do Acordo TRIPS, centro da controvérsia, subjaz um significativo ceticismo. Assinala-se o seu uso apenas uma única vez. A saúde pública, aliada ao comércio, é cada vez mais global. O Direito da OMC, enquanto encoraja a inovação médica a nível global, abriga uma valiosa rota de acesso a medicamentos e outras tecnologias médicas que não pode ser abandonada pelo teatro internacional.The elevation of the legal protection of intellectual property to the realm of international trade, via the TRIPS Agreement, accentuated the classic conflict between innovation and access, especially in the pharmaceutical and medical areas. A revolution was triggered in the informal transfer of technology and compulsory licensing. The WTO Law, guided by the principle of general elimination of quantitative restrictions, traditionally legitimizes barriers to trade, against the logic of the WTO, as measures to protect public health. In contrast, the Doha solution, converted into an Amendment to the TRIPS Agreement under Article 31bis, was the response to the protectionism treasured in the WTO Law itself. There is a significant skepticism about Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, which is at the heart of the controversy. Its use is noted only once. Public Health, combined with trade, is increasingly performed on a global scale. The WTO Law, while encourages global medical innovation, houses a valuable route of access to medicines and other medical technologies that cannot be abandoned by the international community.
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Šmíd, Vojtěch. "Globální systém ochrany duševního vlastnictví: účel a pozice WIPO a WTO." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332626.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is focused on a specific area of intellectual property field, namely the system of protection of Intellectual property whose current form has been shaped by the international organizations, especially by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). There has therefore been allocated extra space in the thesis to make the reader familiar with these respective organizations, especially with their organizational structure, decision-making procedures and activities. Important part of the thesis is analysis of current relations between WIPO and WTO, including its negative aspects. The thesis also contains section devoted to possible future development of the relations between WIPO and WTO.
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"Towards an Ontology and Canvas for Strongly Sustainable Business Models: A Systemic Design Science Exploration." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10315/20777.
Full textAbstract:
An ontology describing the constructs and their inter-relationships for business models has recently been built and evaluated: the Business Model Ontology (BMO). This ontology has been used to conceptually power a popular practitioner visual design tool: the Business Model Canvas (BMC).
However, implicitly these works assume that designers of business models all have a singular normative goal: the creation of businesses that are financially profitable. These works perpetuate beliefs and businesses that do not create outcomes aligned with current natural and social science knowledge about long term individual human, societal and ecological flourishing, i.e. outcomes are not strongly sustainable. This limits the applicability and utility of these works.
This exploratory research starts to overcome these limitations: creating knowledge of what is required of businesses for strongly sustainable outcomes to emerge and helping business model designers efficiently create high quality (reliable, consistent, effective) strongly sustainable business models.
Based on criticism and review, this research project extends the BMO artefact to enable the description all the constructs and their inter-relationships related to a strongly sustainable business model. This results in the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Ontology (SSBMO). To help evaluate the SSBMO a practitioner visual design tool is also developed: the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Canvas (SSBMC).
Ontological engineering (from Artificial Intelligence), Design Science and Systems Thinking methodological approaches were combined in a novel manner to create the Systemic Design Science approach used to build and evaluate the SSBMO. Comparative analysis, interviews and case study techniques were used to evaluate the utility of the designed artefacts.
Formal 3rd party evaluation with 7 experts and 2 case study companies resulted in validation of the overall approaches used and the utility of the SSBMO. A number of opportunities for improvement, as well as areas for future work, are identified.
This thesis includes a number of supplementary graphics included in separate (electronic) files. See “List of Supplementary Materials” for details.