Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Triple Alliance'

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 308 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-308).

This study examines what role three institutions in Taiwan ??? state bureaucracy, local business groups and multinational corporations, played in the development of the flat panel display (TFT-LCD) technology. The thesis adopts the ???Triple-alliance??? conceptual framework to understand how these three institutions cooperated to develop TFT-LCD; it argues that it is vital to understand the interactions among these three institutions in order to map the development of a high technology industry in a late industrializing country. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches are adopted in order to validate the utility of the ???Triple-alliance??? conceptual framework. The qualitative part of the study employed five semi-structured interviews to gain first hand understanding of the development of the TFT-LCD industry. The interviews were supplemented with secondary sources from annual reports, newspapers, and trade journals. In the quantitative part of the study, data was collected from 100 information technology related firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange. Hierarchal multiple regression analysis investigated the relationships between institutional factors and firm performance. The findings reveal that there exists a strong relationship between institutional alliances and firm performance. The positive relationship highlights the significance of the ???Triple-alliance??? framework in helping explain the institutional mechanism often adopted by late developing nations and firms to help develop indigenous technologies.

Dans cette thèse, notre proposition est d’analyser dans la perspective d'une histoire croisée, les échanges et circulations générés par la presse des pays belligérants au cours de la guerre de la Triple Alliance. Partant de la considération que les espaces politiques transnationaux se forment à travers des discours et des pratiques d’acteurs identifiables, cette étude se concentre sur la façon dont la presse a constitué un espace de cette nature, dans lequel les gouvernements belligérants ont participé en tissant des réseaux articulant leurs agents aux journaux et à leurs rédacteurs ; et sur la façon dont, dans cet espace qui a fonctionné au-delà des frontières des Etats, la presse a joué un rôle central dans le processus de construction des identités nationales, promues par les gouvernements combattants. Dans un jeu des contraires, dans lequel les représentations négatives définissant l’ennemi donnaient naissance à des redéfinitions positives des images de soi, on analyse les répercussions de ces croisements sur la représentation de la Nation. En plaçant la perspective d’analyse sur les croisements ou les procédés d’échanges journalistiques, on en vient à la conclusion que les discours de propagande des pays ennemis ne peuvent s’entendre pleinement que dans leur mutuelle interaction et dans le cadre d’un langage politique commun
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse, through the perspective of the Histoire croisée, the crossings or intercrossings produced by the press of the countries involved in the War of the Triple Alliance. Based on the assumption that the transnational political spaces are formed through the speeches and the practices of identifiable actors, this research focuses on how the press constituted a space of this kind, in which the warring governments participated by means of the building of networks which linked their officials with newspapers and editors; and how, in this space that operated beyond state borders, the press played a central role in the process of construction of national identities promoted by the warring governments. In a game of opposites, in which the defining negative representations of the adversary originated positive redefinitions of the self-images, we analyse the impact of these crossings on the representation of the Nation. By placing the perspective of the analysis on the crossings or journalistic intercrossings processes, we come to the conclusion that the propaganda speeches of the warring countries can be fully understood only in their mutual interaction and within the framework of a common political language

De la conquête à la guerre de la Triple Alliance (1536-1870), la population paraguayenne ne bénéficia pas d'une totale liberté. Sous la Couronne, l'objectif était de rapatrier vers la métropole le plus de fonds possible ; après l'Indépendance il s'agissait de disposer des moyens nécessaires pour diriger le pays. Pour y parvenir, les autorités dirigeantes développèrent une politique de l'or et des monnaies en s'appuyant sur la législation et la fiscalité. Par la législation, elles imposèrent des cadres et des lois auxquels les habitants devaient se conformer. La fiscalité permit l'imposition des personnes, de leurs biens et des marchandises. Les dirigeants contrôlaient de cette façon la population par les impôts, alors que les taxes favorisaient ou pénalisaient le développement du commerce, en fonction de la politique menée par l'autorité supérieure. Ils surveillaient en même temps les mouvements des métaux précieux et des monnaies. Les services de l'administration se chargèrent d'appliquer et de faire respecter les décisions de l'Etat. La population n'eut d'autres choix que de respecter les directives prescrites par les autorités supérieures
From the Conquest until the War of the Triple Alliance the population of Paraguay did not benefit from total liberty. Under the Crown, the objective was to send the maximum of funds back to Spain; after Independence it became a matter of developing the necessary means to govern the country. In order to do this, the governing authorities developed a gold and monetary policy based on legislation and taxation. By means of legislation, they imposed frameworks and laws to which the inhabitants were obliged to conform. The fiscal system made it possible to tax people, their wealth and their goods. By this means the authorities were able to control the population by taxation, while the taxes favoured or penalised the development of trade, according to the policies of the higher authorities. At the same time they scrutinised the movements of precious metals and money. The administrative services took care of applying and enforcing the decisions of the State. The population had no choice but to obey the directives prescribed by the higher authorities

Esta dissertação pretende analisar a Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870) como um problema da literatura brasileira, investigando a incorporação dos fatos históricos como objeto literário, a adequação aos gêneros e a construção de um posicionamento sobre a guerra por meio das obras. Para tanto, estuda-se a construção do heroísmo pelos poetas épicos e condoreiros, partindo-se das primeiras publicações sobre o tema nos jornais da época e das epopeias Riachuelo, de Pereira da Silva, e Glorias Brasileiras, de Antonio de Castro Mendonça Furtado, até a apropriação do tema da guerra pelos poetas do condoreirismo. Em seguida, investiga-se a crítica feita ao conflito por meio da literatura satírica publicada pela imprensa ilustrada do período, analisando as contribuições e limitações de seu ponto de vista. Finalmente, trataremos da assimilação do tema pela prosa ficcional de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, Alfredo dEscragnolle Taunay e Machado de Assis
This dissertation sets out to analyze the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) as an issue of Brazilian literature, investigating the incorporation of historical facts as literary objects, the adjustment of styles and the construction of a position on the war through the oeuvres. To this end, the building of heroism by the epic and condordorist poets is studied, from the starting point of the first publications on the theme in the newspapers of the day and the Riachuelo, by Pererira da Silva, and Glorias Brasileiras (Brazilian Glories), by Antonio de Castro Mendonça Furtado, epopees, up to the appropriation of the war theme by the poets of condorism. Thereafter, there is investigation of the criticism of the conflict through the the satirical literature published by the illustrated press of the period, analyzing the contributions and limitations of their point of view. Finally, we will deal with the assimilation of the theme by the fictional prose of Joaquim Manuel de Macedo, Alfredo d\'Escragnolle Taunay and Machado de Assis

Em meados do século XIX, o Império do Brasil buscou acompanhar avanços tecnológicos na construção e operação de navios de guerra, trazidos pela propulsão a vapor e pelos avanços na artilharia, que em breve culminaram no desenvolvimento do encouraçado na Europa e de seu primeiro emprego operacional, na Guerra Civil dos Estados Unidos (1861-1865). Combinadas essas necessidades militares e tecnológicas com uma política mais ativa do Império nas questões dos estados platinos, ao início da Guerra da Tríplice Aliança (1864-1870) deu-se um primeiro surto de construção naval militar, para atender às demandas de guerra, que incluíam a construção de encouraçados para operações fluviais, empregando os meios tecnológicos e conhecimentos acumulados desde as iniciativas da década anterior. Cerca de dez anos após o final da guerra, iniciou-se outro surto de construção naval militar, embora sem uma urgência bélica estabelecida, e sim uma perceptível defasagem tecnológica em relação aos navios que se construíam em países de industrialização avançada. Os últimos navios construídos desse segundo surto foram incorporados após a Proclamação da República (1889). O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as razões que desencadearam esses dois surtos de construção naval militar e que os levaram ao fim, analisando a questão sob o ponto de vista de três fatores interligados: as relações internacionais, as necessidades militares e as necessidades de absorver tecnologia
In the mid-nineteenth century, the Empire of Brazil sought to follow technological advancements in the construction and operation of warships, brought about by steam propulsion and advances in artillery, which soon culminated in the development of the ironclads in Europe and its first operational deployment in the U.S. Civil War (1861-1865). These military and technological needs were combined with a more active policy of the Empire in affairs with the states of the River Plate Basin, and, with the beginning of the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870), began a first outbreak of military shipbuilding to meet the war demands, which included the construction of ironclads for riverine operations, employing the technology and knowledge accumulated since the initiatives of the previous decade. About ten years after the end of the war, another outbreak of military shipbuilding began, though without a war urgency established, but a noticeable technological gap in relation to warships built in advanced industrialized countries. The last ships built in this second outbreak wee commissioned after the Proclamation of the Republic (1889). The objective of this work is to understand the reasons that led these two outbreaks of military shipbuilding and finished both, analyzing this problem from the point of view of three interrelated factors: international relations, military needs and the needs of absorbing technology

Em 1868, foi inaugurado na Ilha do Bom Jesus, na Baía da Guanabara, o Asilo dos Inválidos da Pátria, espaço reservado, em um primeiro momento, e segundo as justificativas explícitas e utilizadas, para garantir unicamente, por mera filantropia, o sustento de numeroso contingente de veteranos da \"Guerra do Paraguai\", oriundo do exército em operações. Muitos, entre os anos de 1865 e 1870, foram desmobilizados portando doenças crônicas ou mutilações de seus membros inferiores e superiores, e que se tornaram uma demanda social, grave, para ser revolvida pela administração pública. Eles ficaram conhecidos como os inválidos da pátria. Entretanto, outras intenções foram identificadas, podendo se afirmar que elas determinaram a feitura do estabelecimento, quando provisório, e depois, como efetivo. Intenções emanadas de percepções que existiram sobre aqueles homens, e suas peculiares condições físicas, e até morais. Outros propósitos, não óbvios, definiram a promoção do estabelecimento entre os anos de 1867 e 1868, na ilha, e que não foram observados explicitamente; mas condicionaram as iniciativas que foram providenciadas, relativas aos inválidos que desembarcavam mensalmente no Rio de Janeiro, e assinalam o que eles realmente significaram para determinados segmentos residentes e atuantes na Corte. Percepção vulgar, sobre o asilo, é que ele foi construído pelos resultados de uma subscrição pública, promovida em todo o império e executada pelos comerciantes estabelecidos no Rio de Janeiro, membros da antiga Praça do Comércio, depois renomeada Associação Comercial do Rio de Janeiro. No entanto, segundo as investigações nos arquivos, desvendou-se que ele foi edificado pelos esforços pessoais de D. Pedro II, coadjuvado por alguns de seus ministros, mormente os que ocuparam o Ministério da Guerra, entre os anos de 1865 e 1868. O trabalho tem como proposta verificar o que aqueles homens, considerados inúteis e ociosos, representaram. Para isso, e parte importante sobre o entendimento do inválido da pátria, procurou investigar algumas particularidades do serviço médico prestado aos militares, principalmente a cirurgia militar praticada. Buscou, da mesma forma, investigar algumas características do combate e dos combatentes pelas memórias de veteranos, entre outros documentos coletados na investigação. Palavras-chave: Asilo dos Inválidos da
In 1868, the Asilo dos Inválidos da Pátria was inaugurated on the island of Bom Jesus, at the Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro. Allegedly, at the moment of its creation, the asylum came into being due to philanthropic motivations, in order to guarantee the well being of numerous veterans of the Triple Alliance War who were returning home from the Theatre of Operations. Many of these men were demobilized between 1865 and 1870, bearing chronic diseases or mutilations of upper and lower limbs. They originated acute social troubles, to be solved by the public administration. The men were to become known as the inválidos da pátria. However, some other intentions were identified during the course of the present research. They influenced the trajectory of the institution, from the moment when it was proposed as a temporary shelter for veterans to the point where it was decided that it should be permanent. These intentions were motivated by the then current perceptions that concerned the veterans, their physical conditions and even their moral principles. There were still even other subjacent purposes that influenced the existence of the institution, during the years of 1867 and 1868, but these have not been thoroughly discerned, even if the intentions in question were determinant to the policies that were reserved to the veterans that landed every month in Rio de Janeiro. Contrary to popular belief, the asylum was not built through the collection of public donations, in an effort supposedly coordinated by businessmen from Rio de Janeiro. Rather, archival research has been able to demonstrate that the asylum was erected thanks to the personal involvement of Emperor Pedro II, seconded by some of his closest ministers, especially those in charge of the Ministério da Guerra between 1865 and 1868. The present research intends to contextualize the existence of those veterans through historical research, staying clear from the general perceptions that were current in Rio de Janeiro?s court society, that considered the wounded veterans to be idle, useless and morally corrupted. The point of departure for this task was the asylum. To understand the situation that led a man to be institutionalized, field operations of the Brazilian Army´s Medical Service were investigated, especially when it came to battlefield surgery. Additionally, the research was also concerned with establishing what combat was like for the front line soldiers during the Triple Alliance War, by means of veterans? memoirs, among other documental evidence.

Esta dissertação teve como objetivo analisar as representações e os usos políticos da guerra e da ocupação do Paraguai realizados por alguns periódicos argentinos como El Nacional, La Tribuna, La Nación e El Mosquito durante o período compreendido entre a morte de Solano Lopez, em 1870, e a retirada das tropas aliadas do país em 1876. Durante estes seis anos de ocupação, Brasil e Argentina discordaram em relação aos tratados definitivos de paz e limites a serem assinados com o novo governo paraguaio. Estas disputas eram intensamente abordadas pela imprensa de Buenos Aires, que estava, por sua vez, vinculada com as facções políticas de maior envergadura na Argentina: o nacionalismo e o autonomismo. Nacionalistas e autonomistas utilizaram a guerra recém terminada assim como os eventos políticos que ocorriam no Paraguai, como as negociações de paz, as revoltas e insurreições contra o governo de Assunção ou as manobras da diplomacia brasileira naquela república como instrumento de ataque, crítica e de desqualificação da facção rival, principalmente durante períodos eleitorais. Dadas as características da imprensa argentina durante a década de 1870, em alguns períodos de desacordos entre Brasil e Argentina, estes jornais criavam não somente uma arena pública de debate a respeito das questões referentes ao Paraguai, mas também um ambiente de apreensão e preocupação na capital Buenos Aires. As discordâncias, as missões diplomáticas, as negociações estabelecidas entre os governos brasileiro, argentino e paraguaio bem como toda a repercussão e os usos políticos que delas realizaram os periódicos consultados evidenciam que, pelo menos entre a imprensa da capital argentina, a Guerra da Tríplice Aliança foi mais além de Cerro Corá.
This Project aims to analyze the representations and the political uses of the war and of the Paraguay’s occupation, which were made by a few argentinian journals as El Nacional, La Tribuna, La Nación e El Mosquito in the period from Solano Lopez’s death, in 1870, to the withdrawal of allied troops of the country in 1876. During these six years of occupation, Brazil and Argentina did disagree about the final peace and limits treaties to be signed with the Paraguayan government. These disputes were massively used by Buenos Aires’ press, which was connected with meaningful Argentinian political factions: nationalism and autonomism. Nationalists and autonomists used the just finished war – as the political events which were occurring in Paraguay, as the peace negotiations, the rebellions against Assunção’s government, or the maneuver of Brazilian diplomacy at that republic – as an instrument of attack, of criticism na of disqualification of the rival faction, specially during the election period. Given the characteristics of the Argentinian press during the decade of 1870, in some periods of disagreement between Brazil and Argentina, these journals criticised not only a public arena for debates regarding Paraguay’s events, but also an atmosphere of apprehention and concerns at the capital of Buenos Aires. The disagreements, the diplomatic missions, the negotiations established between Brazilian, Argentinian and Paraguayan governments, as all the repercussion and diplomatic uses that resulted in the consulted periodicals highlight that, at least between the press of the Argentinian capital, the Triple Alliance War was beyond Cerro Corá.

Therapeutic alliance is an umbrella term referring to core aspects of the interaction and relationship between patient and practitioner during treatment. It has long been considered an important component of success in psychological and medical treatments. A survey of practitioners in child mental health (Kazdin, 1997) found that 95% thought that the relationship with the patient was the most important predictor of treatment outcome; there is research evidence suggesting the significant impact of alliance quality on outcome in adults and children, for both psychological (Martin et al., 2000, Shirk and Karver, 2003; Shirk, Karver and Brown, 2011) and general medical (Burkitt-Wright et al., 2004) treatments. Alliance, however, has been relatively little researched in childhood and until recently the emphasis (in both research and training) has been much more on the protocol details of treatment methods as opposed to detailed understanding of treatment process and the practitioner-patient relationship. Studies reporting associations between therapeutic alliance and treatment outcome have often been weakened by methodological difficulties in measurement and have failed to settle the direction of causality between symptom change and alliance (Kazdin and Nock, 2003). In treatment trials, alliance is often only measured in the experimental arm; this makes analysis of its effect difficult (Dunn and Bentall, 2007, and Emsley et al., 2010).This study represents an exceptional opportunity to address these limitations. It makes use of data collected during one of the most rigorous recent studies done in child mental health in the UK (Goodyer et al., 2007). This enables detailed study of the therapeutic relationship during treatment and allows testing of the effects of this relationship on the success of treatment. Sessional audiotapes were available within both arms of this trial. Purposeful selection of tapes from both arms of the trial during treatment were transcribed and rated for treatment alliance. Other data already collected in the trial was included in an analysis to address questions of direction of causality of alliance in relation to symptom change during treatment and the way that alliance may explain treatment effect heterogeneity.The results indicate a complex effect of alliance upon outcome. There is a relationship between early alliance score and clinical improvement, but the relationship is not straightforward and the predictive effect of alliance appears to depend on differences in patient groups and therapist effects. Analysis of treatment effect heterogeneity suggests that therapeutic alliance is associated with the individual treatment effect and implies that with poor alliance, more treatment may be detrimental. The complexities of the results are discussed with reference to implications for further research in this area as well as clinical practice.

Background: It is well known that web-based interventions can be effective treatments for various conditions. Less is known about predictors, moderators, and mediators of outcome and especially interrelations between participant and interventions characteristics, process variables and outcomes in online interventions. Clinical trials often lack statistical power to detect variables that affect intervention effects and their interrelations. Within ICare, we can investigate the interrelation of potential predictor and process variables in a large sample. Method: The ICare consortium postulated a model of interrelations between participant and intervention characteristics, process variables and outcomes in online interventions. We will assess general and disorderspecific interrelations between characteristics of the intervention, characteristics of the participants, adherence, working alliance, early response, and intervention outcomes in a sample of over 7500 participants from seven clinical trials evaluating 15 online interventions addressing a range of mental health conditions and disorders, using an individual participant data meta-analyses approach. Discussion/conclusion: Existing research tends to support the efficacy of online mental health interventions, but the knowledge base regarding factors that affect intervention effects needs to be expanded. The overarching analyses using data from the ICare intervention trials will add considerably to the evidence.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
社會教育學系在職進修碩士班
95
It has long been acknowleged that the main problem associated with the dying-out of community newspapers in Taiwan is due to the lack of financial support. This study focuses on looking at how the oldest community newspaper, Wen Shan Weekly, survived through the strategic alliance with local farmers’ associations in an effort to educate the local farmer community. This study is mainly based on: (1) a qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with the management of local farmers’ associations; and (2) a content analysis of news articles in the ‘Farmers’ Section’ of Wen Shan Weekly from the period of 2003 to 2005. The purpose is to assess the effectiveness of educating the farmers through the cooperation of the Wen Shan Weekly and the Farmers’ Associations in the Wen Shan Region, Taipei, Taiwan. The research finding shows a positive triple-win situation among the community newspaper, the farmers’ associations, and the farmer community. Therefore, the study concludes and suggests: 1. Famers’ associations and community newspapers can share the training and employing of local media professionals. 2. Community newspapers can adapt the strategic alliance model of Wen Shan Weekly and the Wen Shan Region Farmers’ Association. 3. The news should be presented in a more balanced fashion in the Farmers’ News Section to fulfill not only farmers’ needs for educational information but also to provide news that appeals to their other intersests. 4. An open communication system should be established between community newspapers and the local organizations. 5. The government should encourage the cooperation of farmers’ associations and community newspapers. Key words: community education, community newspaper, farmers’ association, strategic alliance

碩士
靜宜大學
西班牙語文學系
107
The War of the Triple Alliance, a large-scale regional war in South America, took place from 1864 to 1870 when Paraguay confronted the Triple Alliance formed by Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. This military conflict has, to date, been the largest and bloodiest war in the history of South America. After the war, Paraguay was devastated, suffering a sharp population decrease, ceded territory and paid indemnities. Besides the infrastructure of the country being almost completely destroyed, economic activities were totally paralyzed, and the road to reconstruction was difficult. Paraguay is a landlocked country located in South America, with a total population of about 7.18 million and a land area of 406,752 square kilometers. On May 15, 1811, Paraguay was emancipated from the Spanish Empire. The country was ruled by France who implemented a dictatorship. The dictator carried out autarchy policy, vigorously executed land reform, developed agriculture and strengthened education. Paraguay was on the road to progress. In 1840, López the First took over the country and changed the policy implemented by his predecessor to construct the country in a positive way. He hired European technicians and focused on foreign trade; built railways, shipyards and steel plants, and set up telegraphs and newspapers to make Paraguay rapidly modernize from a barren small country to become one of a few advanced powers in Latin America. In 1862, López the First passed away and his son López the Second took control of the country. López the Second was committed to strengthening national defense, acquiring a large number of new weapons from Europe and vigorously reforming the military system, making the Paraguayan army a more modern force in Latin America. In addition, the relations between the countries in the area of La Plata River are complex. Due to the different demarcation of colonies during the period of Spanish and Portuguese rule, plus geopolitical factors between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay, there were long-standing territorial disputes. In 1864, the civil war took place in Uruguay. Brazil sent troops to intervene. In order to satisfy their own ambitions and ensure the existence of Paraguay, López the Second decided to intervene to mediate. Finally, Brazil joined with Argentina and Uruguay to form a military alliance against Paraguay. This thesis aims to investigate the internal and external causes of the Triple Alliance War and its impacts on Paraguay from the perspective of Paraguay. This study is divided into three chapters, which discuss the development of political and economic development before the war in Paraguay, the situation analysis of the area of La Plata River before the war, and the war process and the impacts on Paraguay. Finally, based on investigation of the literature and analyzation of the above research questions, specific conclusions will be presented.

Předkládaná diplomová práce se soustřeďuje na proměny anglické zahraniční politiky od obnovení stuartovské monarchie roku 1660 do roku 1678. Zmíněné období je sledováno zejména krále Karla II. a jeho okolí dílčí zájem se soustředí na recepci jednotlivých kroků ze strany dalších domácích i zahraničních aktérů. Důraz je kladen hlavně na proměny vzájemných vztahů Francií a Nizozemím, pozornosti se těší též vztahy s Dánskem, Portugalskem, Španělskem a Švédskem, stejně jako pohled anglických politických elit. Anglická diplomacie je v této práci pojímána v kontextu vývoje anglické domácí politiky a s přihlédnutím k dění v ostatních evropských zemích. V omezené míře je nastíněn také hospodářský, konfesní a mezinárodněprávní rámec, ve kterém se anglická diplomacie zmíněných let pohybovala.

This dissertation re-examines trials for heresy in England from 1382, which saw the first major action directed at the Wycliffite heresy in Oxford, and the early Reformation period, with an emphasis on abjurations, the oaths renouncing heretical beliefs that suspects were required to swear after their interrogations were concluded. It draws a direct link between the customs that developed around the ceremony of abjuration and the exceptionally low rate of execution for “relapsed” and “obstinate” heretics in England, compared to other major European anti-heresy campaigns of the period. Several cases are analyzed in which heretics who should have been executed, according to the letter and intention of canon law on the subject, were permitted to abjure, sometimes repeatedly. Cases that ended in execution despite intense efforts by the presiding bishop to obtain a similarly law-bending abjuration are also discussed. These cases are situated within explorations of the constitutions governing heresy trials, contrasting their use of apparently standard legal terminologies with more aggressive continental inquisitors, as well as the theology and cultural standing of oaths within both Wycliffism and the broader Late Medieval and Early Modern world. This dissertation will trace how Lollard heretics gradually accepted the necessity of false abjuration as one of a number of measures to preserve their lives and their movement, and how early adopters using coded writing carefully persuaded their co-religionists of this necessity. Furthermore, it will argue that the bishops who conducted the trial system deliberately constructed it to encourage this type of perjury, even suppressing attempts to alter heretics’ actual convictions, for the sake of social order and stability.