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Egic, Amira, Zeljko Mikovic, Dejan Filimonovic, and Anka Cirovic. "Birth weight discordance and perinatal mortality among triplets." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 133, no. 5-6 (2005): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0506254e.
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INTRODUCTION. The incidence of multiple births has increased in the last decade. Perinatal mortality in triplets is significantly greater than in twin and singleton births. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to describe the extent of birth weight discordance among triplets and to identify its association with an increased risk of perinatal mortality. METHOD A retrospective analysis of triplet births, for the period 1993-2003, was conducted at the Gynaecological-Obstetric Clinic "Narodni Front" in Belgrade. Birth weight discordance was defined as the difference in birth weight between the largest and the smallest triplet's weight of more than 20%. RESULTS. The rate of triplets has increased by almost 75% between the first (7.7%) and the last (29.6%) 5-year period of the last decade. Triplets are becoming more common because of the frequent use of assisted reproductive technology as a treatment for infertility. In the period 1993-2003, there were a total of 40 triplet live births (24 weeks and greater) with incidence of 0.06%. There was no clear association between maternal age, parity, method of conception, birth gestational age, and disorders complicating pregnancy with birth discordance more than 20%. Regarding birth weight groups, statistical significance occurred only in the <999 grams group for discordant and in the 2000-2499 grams group for concordant triplets. Overall, the perinatal mortality rate in the group was 10.8%, the foetal mortality rate was 1.7% (2/120), and the neonatal (0-28 days) mortality rate was 9.1% (11/120). An odds ratio of 95% confidence interval shows 3 times greater risk for adverse perinatal outcome in the discordant group. However, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION. Increasing birth weight discordance may increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcome. Triplet pregnancies, being high risk, require intensive antenatal care in order to prevent preterm delivery and ultrasound in order to diagnose foetal growth abnormality and discordance, which increase foetal surveillance, through the use of biophysical profiles, non-stress tests, and Doppler velocimetry, thus assessing foetal well-being and the appropriate moment for obstetric intervention.
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Fennessy, Kristy M., Lex W. Doyle, Kentia Naud, Karen Reidy, and Mark P. Umstad. "Triplet Pregnancy: Is the Mode of Conception Related to Perinatal Outcomes?" Twin Research and Human Genetics 18, no. 3 (2015): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2015.27.
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Many triplets are conceived as a consequence of assisted reproductive technology (ART). Concerns have been raised that triplet pregnancies conceived by ART are more complicated than those conceived spontaneously. The purpose of this study was to evaluate all triplet pregnancies managed over a 12-year period to determine if there were any differences in outcome based on the mode of conception. All triplet pregnancies between 1999 and 2011 that reached at least 20 weeks’ gestation and that were managed at the Royal Women's Hospital (RWH), Melbourne, Victoria were identified. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between ART conceived and spontaneously conceived triplets. In the study period, 53 sets of triplets managed in our institution met the eligibility criteria. Twenty-five triplet sets were conceived by ART and 28 were conceived spontaneously. More ART conceptions resulted in trichorionic triamniotic (TCTA) triplets than did spontaneous conceptions (p= .015). There were no differences between ART and spontaneously conceived triplets for any of the maternal or neonatal complications studied. Trichorionic (TC) triplets delivered at a later gestation than other triplets: 32.1 (SD2.9) versus 30.4 (SD3.9) weeks (p= .08). TC triplets were significantly less likely to die than monochorionic (MC) or dichorionic (DC) triplets: 3/93 (3%) versus 13/66 (20%) (p= .025). In conclusion, triplets conceived by ART are more likely to have TCTA placentation and TCTA triplet sets had lower mortality rates than other triplet combinations. Outcomes for triplets conceived by ART were similar to those of triplets conceived spontaneously.
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Eriksson, A. W. "President's Address: Twinning in Families of Triplets." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 39, no. 3 (1990): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000005195.
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AbstractA study was conducted on twinning in relatives of consecutive triplet sets in the Åland Islands in the years 1740-1939. The incidence of twinning in sibships of triplets was extremely high, 80/1000 (56/1000 before and 143/1000 after the triplet maternity). In Finland as a whole, 1905-1954, the twinning rate was among mothers of triplets 38/1000, ie, about 2.6 times the rate in general population, and was higher after (48/1000) than before the triplet maternity (34/1000). In the sibships of fathers of triplets there was a low rate of twinning (below 10/1000) both of same-sexed (SS) and of opposite-sexed (OS) triplets. Among sibships of mothers of OS triplets the twinning rate was 18/1000 and among mothers' sibships of SS triplets 26/1000. The series of triplet families from both Åland and Finland as a whole indicate a considerably higher frequency of twinning on the maternal than on the paternal side. The sibships of OS triplets in Finland have higher twinning rates than sibships of SS triplets (50/1000 vs 27/1000). In sibships of triplets, not only the DZ but also the MZ twinning rates were approximately twice as high as those in the general population. The triplet rates in Finland were increasing strongly with maternal age and were in the last century among mothers of 30-39 years of age considerably higher than among mothers from this century. This, in combination with higher mean parity, may explain the high rates of multiple maternities in sibships of triplets in the past. The rate of triplet maternities seems to be more sensitive to sociodemographic changes than the rate of twin maternities. Mothers of triplets in Finland had a high frequency (more than 40%) of prenuptially conceived firstborn children. This, and a short protogenesic interval indicate that triplet-prone mothers are more fecundable, ie, they conceive with greater ease and/or may have a better physical condition than other women for completing a gestation with multiple embryos.
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Merz, Maximilian, Vishal Patel, Lucie Kutikova, et al. "Treatment Patterns in Patients (pts) with Refractory/Relapsed Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) in Germany between 2016 and 2018." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 4734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-128030.
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Background: The RRMM treatment landscape has increased in complexity in recent years due to the availability of novel agents. In this study, we evaluated treatment patterns over 3 years in real-world RRMM pts treated with regimens containing one or more of the following agents: carfilzomib (K), bortezomib (V), lenalidomide (R), pomalidomide (P), ixazomib (I), daratumumab (D), and elotuzumab (E). Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from a German longitudinal database (TherapyMonitor) for pts receiving RRMM treatment (2nd-line [2L] and beyond) between January 2016 and December 2018. Patient demographics, treatment details and clinical characteristics were described by line of treatment and regimen for a patients most recent treatment. Treatment patterns were described by year of treatment initiation (2016, 2017 or 2018). Results: Of the total study population of 2033 RRMM pts, the most recent treatment line was 2L for 1047 and 3L+ for 986 pts. 2L/3L+ pts had a median age of 70/71 years (22%/27% >75 years; most were aged 66-75 years); 57%/61% had ISS stage III; 43%/50% had ECOG ≥2; 10%/9% had renal dysfunction; 56%/56% had ≥1 comorbidity and 14%/17% had received stem cell transplantation at 1L, respectively. In 2L pts, across 2016-2018, R non-triplet (24%) was the most common treatment regimen, with 18% and 10% of pts receiving K+R and D+R triplets, respectively. In 3L+ pts, the most common treatment regimens were D-based (29% [12% non-triplet, 9% D+V triplet and 8% D+R triplet]), P non-triplet (9%), K non-triplet or I/R triplet (both 8%), and R non-triplet (7%). In 2L pts, the most frequent prior treatments were V triplets/non-triplets (45%/19%) and R non-triplets (15%). In 3L+ pts, the most frequent prior treatments were R non-triplets (27%) and K non-triplets (16%). Triplet regimens were mostly administered in 2L to pts ≤65 years. Age had no clear impact on 3L+ treatment patterns. ECOG status impacted treatment patterns in 2L (doublet therapy more frequent in ECOG ≥2) but not in 3L+ (most pts had ECOG ≥2 but were frequently treated with E/D/I triplets). Regarding trends over time (2016 to 2018), considering all treatments, V triplet+ was the most frequently used regimen prior to 2L (37 to 43%), while V-non-triplet use decreased (32% to 19%) and R-based non-triplet use doubled (7% to 16%). In 2L, K-based regimen use increased from 25% to 38%, mainly due to increased use of K non-triplet (10% to 19%). 2L D-based triplet use increased from 0% to 15% and use of R non-triplet halved (55% to 27%). Patients receiving K- or D-based triplet or R non-triplet at 2L predominantly received V triplet regimens at 1L. Most 2L pts receiving non-triplet regimens also received V or R non-triplets at 1L. These trends suggest a shift in use of R non-triplets from 2L to 1L, replacing 1L V non-triplets and resulting in greater use of 2L K non-triplets. Specifically, for 2L in 2018, of the 27% of pts treated with R non-triplets (Figure), the most common 1L regimens were V-triplet (44%), V non-triplet (29%) and other non-novel agent containing regimens (15%). For the 19% of pts receiving 2L K+R triplet regimen, the most common 1L regimens were V-triplet+ (66%), other regimens containing novel agents (24%) and V and R non-triplets (5% each). Of the 19% of pts receiving 2L K non-triplet regimens, R non-triplet (35%), V non-triplet (28%) and V-triplet+ (24%) were the most common 1L treatments. For the 11% of pts receiving 2L DR-triplet regimens, V-triplet+ (57%), other regimens containing novel agents (20%), R non-triplet (14%), and V non-triplet (6%) were the most common 1L treatments. Conclusions: Multiple approvals of novel RRMM agents in Europe resulted in changes in the treatment landscape, with a more immediate impact in countries with earlier access to new drugs. In this RRMM population we found increased 1L use of R non-triplets and decreased V non-triplet use between 2016-2018. Use of D-based regimens increased in 2L; P-, I-, and E-based regimens were infrequently used in 2L (≤4% in 2018). Pts receiving 1L non-triplets generally received 2L non-triplet treatment; those receiving 1L triplet generally also received 2L triplet treatment. 3L pts were mostly R-pretreated due to high use of 2L R-based triplets. Germany may serve as an example for the adoption of novel treatments as there is adoption of all RRMM agents approved since 2016. Figure Disclosures Merz: Takeda Vertrieb GmbH: Other: Travel grants, Research Funding; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel grants; Janssen: Other: Travel grants; Abbvie: Other: Travel grants; Celgene: Other: Travel grants. Patel:Amgen: Employment. Kutikova:Amgen: Employment. Lebioda:Amgen: Employment. Schoehl:Amgen: Employment. Kellermann:Takeda: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; BMS: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding. Goldschmidt:Dietmar-Hopp-Stiftung: Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Chugai: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Molecular Partners: Research Funding; MSD: Research Funding; Sanofi: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Mundipharma: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; John-Hopkins University: Research Funding; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Adaptive Biotechnology: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; John-Hopkins University: Research Funding.
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Lamb, Diane J., Jacqueline M. Vink, Christel M. Middeldorp, et al. "Effects of Chorionicity and Zygosity on Triplet Birth Weight." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 2 (2012): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.15.2.149.
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Birth weight in triplets is, on average, lower than in singletons and twins, and more children are classified as having very low or extremely low birth weight. Still, there is limited research on factors that affect triplet birth weight, and samples under study are often small. Chorionicity and zygosity influence triplet birth weight, but it is unknown whether the effect of zygosity can be entirely ascribed to the effect of chorionicity or whether zygosity has an additional effect on triplet birth weight. This question was investigated in 346 triplets (from 116 trios) registered with the Netherlands Twin Register for whom data on chorionicity were available. ‘Triplet’ refers to one child and the set of three triplets is referred to as ‘trio’. Trios and triplets were classified based on zygosity and chorionicity. With regression analysis, the effects of zygosity and chorionicity on triplet birth weight were examined, while controlling for gestational age, sex, and maternal smoking during pregnancy. In addition, within the dizygotic trios a within-family comparison was made between the birth weight of the triplets that were part of a monozygotic pair (with some pairs sharing a chorion), and the birth weight of the dizygotic triplet. Based on the classification on individual level, monozygotic, monochorionic triplets had a lower mean birth weight than dizygotic, dichorionic triplets. Most remarkably, in dizygotic trios, monozygotic pairs only had a lower mean birth weight than their dizygotic sibling triplet when the pair shared a chorion. We conclude that having shared a chorion, rather than being monozygotic, increases the risk of a low birth weight.
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Strube, Michael J. "What Did Triplett Really Find? A Contemporary Analysis of the First Experiment in Social Psychology." American Journal of Psychology 118, no. 2 (2005): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30039059.
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Abstract In 1898, Norman Triplett published was has been called the first experiment in social psychology and sports psychology. Claiming to demonstrate "the dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition," this oft-cited article began the serious investigation of social facilitation. This area of research now numbers in the hundreds of published works, includes the study of humans and other animals, and encompasses basic research and applied settings. But what did Triplett really find? I examine Triplett’s original data and show that very little evidence existed for the social facilitation of the simple task he investigated. These analyses indicate the need to correct contemporary accounts of Triplett’s work and underscore the differences in how research was evaluated at that time compared with today.
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Han, Huixia, Xinyue Li, and Kaijun Wu. "Op-Trans: An Optimization Framework for Negative Sampling and Triplet-Mapping Properties in Knowledge Graph Embedding." Applied Sciences 13, no. 5 (2023): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13052817.
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Knowledge graphs are a popular research field in artificial intelligence, and store large amounts of real-world data. Since data are enriched over time, the knowledge graph is often incomplete. Therefore, knowledge graph completion is particularly important as it predicts missing links based on existing facts. Currently, the family of translation models delivers a better performance in knowledge graph completion. However, most of these models randomly generate negative triplets during the training process, resulting in the low quality of negative triplets. In addition, such models ignore the important characteristics of triplet-mapping properties during model learning. Therefore, we propose an optimization framework based on the translation models (Op-Trans). It enhances the knowledge-graph completion effect from both negative sampling and triplet-mapping properties. First, we propose a clustering cache to generate negative triplets, which generate negative triplets based on entity similarity. This sampling method can directly use the cache to track the negative triplets with large scores. In addition, we focus on the different contributions of the triplets to the optimization goal. We calculate the distinct weight for each triplet according to its mapping properties. In this way, the scoring function deals with each triplet depending on its own weight. The experimental results show that Op-Trans can help the state-of-the-art baselines to obtain a better performance in a link prediction task.
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Poorheravi, Parisa Abdolrahim, Benyamin Ghojogh, Vincent Gaudet, Fakhri Karray, and Mark Crowley. "Acceleration of Large Margin Metric Learning for Nearest Neighbor Classification Using Triplet Mining and Stratified Sampling." Journal of Computational Vision and Imaging Systems 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/jcvis.v6i1.3534.
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Metric learning is a technique in manifold learning to find a projection subspace for increasing and decreasing the inter- and intra-class variances, respectively. Some metric learning methods are based on triplet learning with anchor-positive-negative triplets. Large margin metric learning for nearest neighbor classification is one of the fundamental methods to do this. Recently, Siamese networks have been introduced with the triplet loss. Many triplet mining methods have been developed for Siamese nets; however, these techniques have not been applied on the triplets of large margin metric learning. In this work, inspired by the mining methods for Siamese nets, we propose several triplet mining techniques for large margin metric learning. Moreover, a hierarchical approach is proposed, for acceleration and scalability of optimization, where triplets are selected by stratified sampling in hierarchical hyper-spheres. We analyze the proposed methods on three publicly available datasets.
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Pedrini, Jacopo, Angelo Monguzzi, and Francesco Meinardi. "Cascade sensitization of triplet–triplet annihilation based photon upconversion at sub-solar irradiance." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 15 (2018): 9745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01176a.
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Feingold, M., C. Cetrulo, M. Peters, A. Chaudhury, S. Shmoys, and O. Geifman. "Mode of Delivery in Multiple Birth of Higher Order." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 1 (1988): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004323.
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AbstractA retrospective review of triplets delivered at a Boston perinatal center from 1977 to 1986 was performed. Comparison was made between this group (study group) and previously published data on triplets in our institution (control group). Since 1977 there was a more liberal use of abdominal delivery. Cesarean sections (CS) of all triplets with malpresentation was our protocol. Of the 15 sets of triplet pregnancies in the study group, 11 were delivered by CS and 4 by vaginal delivery, vs only 1 CS in the control group wich consisted also of 15 triplets. The corrected mortality rate in the study group was lower than in the control group (2.6% vs 7.1%) but did not reach statistical significance. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.002). Apgar scores for the third triplet were also higher in the study group (P < 0.05). In comparing the combined mortality and morbidity between the study group and the control group, no difference was found in the first triplet, but those of the second and third triplets were significantly lower in the study group. Of interest is the finding that the combined mortality and morbidity was not different statistically among the first, second, and third triplets in the study group, while in the control group an increase from the first to the third triplet was noted (21%, 31%, and 43%, respectively). A more liberal approach toward abdominal delivery of pregnancies of higher fetal number is advocated.
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Bin Amro, Ashwaq, Rawdha Alnuaimi, Tin Chan, and Abeer Alali. "Different retinopathy of prematurity severity and outcomes in triplets: A case report." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 8 (January 2020): 2050313X2094430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x20944306.
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In this case report, we discuss the presentation of retinopathy of prematurity in triplets born at 25 + 3 weeks gestational age of whom each had a different birth weight, weight gain and treatment requirements. Triplet A weighed 800 g and his retinopathy of prematurity had resolved with no intervention. Triplet B weighed 630 g at birth and he required bilateral intravitreal ranibizumab injection at 32 + 6 weeks. Triplet C weighed 520 g and required bilateral intravitreal ranibizumab injection at 36 weeks, but after 5 weeks he had recurrence which was treated with bilateral diode laser. Triplet C had the poorest weight gain. The main differences between the triplets are the birth weight and the weight gain. Furthermore, refraction was performed at 10 months; triplet A had a hyperopia of +1.25 spherical equivalent in both eyes, triplet B had mild myopia of −0.25 spherical equivalent and triplet C had a myopia of −3.00 spherical equivalent in the right eye and −2.75 spherical equivalent in the left eye.
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Dupty, Mohammed Haroon, Zhen Zhang, and Wee Sun Lee. "Visual Relationship Detection with Low Rank Non-Negative Tensor Decomposition." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 07 (2020): 10737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i07.6702.
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We address the problem of Visual Relationship Detection (VRD) which aims to describe the relationships between pairs of objects in the form of triplets of (subject, predicate, object). We observe that given a pair of bounding box proposals, objects often participate in multiple relations implying the distribution of triplets is multimodal. We leverage the strong correlations within triplets to learn the joint distribution of triplet variables conditioned on the image and the bounding box proposals, doing away with the hitherto used independent distribution of triplets. To make learning the triplet joint distribution feasible, we introduce a novel technique of learning conditional triplet distributions in the form of their normalized low rank non-negative tensor decompositions. Normalized tensor decompositions take form of mixture distributions of discrete variables and thus are able to capture multimodality. This allows us to efficiently learn higher order discrete multimodal distributions and at the same time keep the parameter size manageable. We further model the probability of selecting an object proposal pair and include a relation triplet prior in our model. We show that each part of the model improves performance and the combination outperforms state-of-the-art score on the Visual Genome (VG) and Visual Relationship Detection (VRD) datasets.
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Yoshida, Tomoki, Ichiro Takeuchi, and Masayuki Karasuyama. "Safe Triplet Screening for Distance Metric Learning." Neural Computation 31, no. 12 (2019): 2432–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_01240.
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Distance metric learning has been widely used to obtain the optimal distance function based on the given training data. We focus on a triplet-based loss function, which imposes a penalty such that a pair of instances in the same class is closer than a pair in different classes. However, the number of possible triplets can be quite large even for a small data set, and this considerably increases the computational cost for metric optimization. In this letter, we propose safe triplet screening that identifies triplets that can be safely removed from the optimization problem without losing the optimality. In comparison with existing safe screening studies, triplet screening is particularly significant because of the huge number of possible triplets and the semidefinite constraint in the optimization problem. We demonstrate and verify the effectiveness of our screening rules by using several benchmark data sets.
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Davidoff, Dahlia F., Jan E. Dickinson, Teresa Warner, and Craig E. Pennell. "Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome and Twin Anemia–Polycythemia Sequence in a Monochorionic Triamniotic Pregnancy." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 3 (2013): 716–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2013.13.
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Twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is an antenatal complication of monochorionic multiple gestations. There have been few studies exploring the role of laser photocoagulation or outcomes following treatment in monochorionic triplet pregnancies with TTTS. We present a case where TTTS and twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) complicated a monochorionic triplet pregnancy. Following the laser photocoagulation to treat the TTTS between the triplets, an intra-uterine death occurred in one triplet and TAPS developed in the remaining two triplets. Intervention in this case resulted in a 2-week prolongation of pregnancy and a positive outcome for the remaining fetuses. This case and other published data reviewed in this article suggest that laser photocoagulation has a potential role for TTTS in monochorionic triplet pregnancies.
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Pan, Pingshan, Guoyang Luo, Lu Tang, et al. "Monochorionic-Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy Complicated by Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion Sequence: Case Report and Literature Review." American Journal of Perinatology Reports 07, no. 02 (2017): e106-e110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1603917.
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Background Monochorionic-triamniotic pregnancies are rare and fraught with complications. Case A case of monochorionic-triamniotic triplet pregnancy complicated by twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence is presented. The patient declined termination or selective fetal reduction. Triplet C was acardiac. At 24 weeks, triplet B developed polyhydramnios. At 30 weeks, polyhydramnios was seen in all three amniotic sacs, but without signs of fetal hydrops and with normal Doppler velocimetry measurements in the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, and ductus arteriosus of triplets A and B. At 322/7 weeks, the patient presented with preterm premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. Two live male infants were delivered by cesarean delivery weighing 1,350 and 1,390 g, respectively; the acardiac fetus weighed 1,460 g. Pathology examination revealed a single placenta weighing1,250 g, with evidence of direct vascular connections between triplets A and C as well as between triplets A and B. Conclusion Monochorionic-triamniotic triplet pregnancy with TRAP sequence is rare. Although the risk of complications is high, such pregnancies can be managed conservatively in select cases.
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Meehl, Janet B., Brian A. Bayless, Thomas H. Giddings, Chad G. Pearson, and Mark Winey. "Tetrahymena Poc1 ensures proper intertriplet microtubule linkages to maintain basal body integrity." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 15 (2016): 2394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0165.
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Basal bodies comprise nine symmetric triplet microtubules that anchor forces produced by the asymmetric beat pattern of motile cilia. The ciliopathy protein Poc1 stabilizes basal bodies through an unknown mechanism. In poc1∆ cells, electron tomography reveals subtle defects in the organization of intertriplet linkers (A-C linkers) that connect adjacent triplet microtubules. Complete triplet microtubules are lost preferentially near the posterior face of the basal body. Basal bodies that are missing triplets likely remain competent to assemble new basal bodies with nine triplet microtubules, suggesting that the mother basal body microtubule structure does not template the daughter. Our data indicate that Poc1 stabilizes basal body triplet microtubules through linkers between neighboring triplets. Without this stabilization, specific triplet microtubules within the basal body are more susceptible to loss, probably due to force distribution within the basal body during ciliary beating. This work provides insights into how the ciliopathy protein Poc1 maintains basal body integrity.
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Newman, R. B., J. S. Jones, and M. C. Miller. "Influence of Clinical Variables on Triplet Birth Weight." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 40, no. 2 (1991): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002610.
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AbstractThe small size of most reported triplet series has resulted in conflicting statements about the influence of several clinical variables on triplet birth weight. Therefore, obstetrical and neonatal data were collected on 196 mothers and their 580 infants (8 stillbirths excluded). Gestational age was based on the date of fertilization in 13 IVF triplets and on the date of ovulation in 90 medically induced triplets. Obstetrical and ultrasonic criteria were used to estimate the date of confinement in 93 spontaneous triplets. Birth weight appeared to be higher in males and with higher maternal parity, independent of gestational age. The apparent effect of medical technologies such as ovulation induction or IVF on combined triplet birth weight disappeared when maternal parity and fetal gender were controlled. Preeclampsia, maternal race and zygosity were not significantly associated with birth weight. While birth order did not significantly effect ultimate birth weight, the heaviest triplet did present first more often than would be expected by chance alone. Future evaluation of neonatal outcome data in multifetal gestations should control for gestational age, fetal gender and maternal parity. It appears that triplet birth weight is not affected by etiology, which is important given the significant impact of medical technologies.
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Wilber, Michael, Iljung Kwak, and Serge Belongie. "Cost-Effective HITs for Relative Similarity Comparisons." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 2 (September 5, 2014): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v2i1.13152.
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Similarity comparisons of the form "Is object a more similar to b than to c?" form a useful foundation in several computer vision and machine learning applications. Unfortunately, an embedding of n points is only uniquely specified by n3 triplets, making collecting every triplet an expensive task. In noticing this difficulty, other researchers investigated more intelligent triplet sampling techniques, but they do not study their effectiveness or their potential drawbacks. Although it is important to reduce the number of collected triplets to generate a good embedding, it is also important to understand how best to display a triplet collection task to the user to better respect the worker's human constraints. In this work, we explore an alternative method for collecting triplets and analyze its financial cost, collection speed, and worker happiness as a function of the final embedding quality. We propose best practices for creating cost effective human intelligence tasks for collecting triplets. We show that rather than changing the sampling algorithm, simple changes to the crowdsourcing UI can drastically decrease the cost of collecting similarity comparisons. Finally, we provide a food similarity dataset as well as the labels collected from crowd workers.
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Zanette, Damián H. "Beyond networks: opinion formation in triplet-based populations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1901 (2009): 3311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0066.
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We study a process of opinion formation in a population of agents whose interaction pattern is defined on the basis of randomly distributed groups of three agents (triplets), in contrast to networks, which are defined on the basis of agent pairs. Results for the time needed to reach full consensus are compared between a triplet-based structure with a given number of triplets and a random network with the same number of triangles. The full-consensus time in the triplet structure is systematically lower than in the network. This discrepancy can be ascribed to differences in the shape of the probability distribution for the number of triplets and triangles per agent in each interaction pattern.
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Tesemma, Melese Gezahegn, and Mikiyas Tadesse Yadeta. "Dizygotic Dichorionic Triamniotic Triplet Pregnancy Delivered at Full Term: An Out of Box Presentation of Triplet—A Case Report from Ethiopia." Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018 (August 8, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5760147.
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The incidence of triplet is raising several hundred percent due to wide availability of fertility therapies. It is associated with different perinatal and maternal complications. The average duration of gestation and birth weight for triplet are 32.5 weeks and 1735 grams (total weight of triplet set being about 5.2kg), respectively. However, it is not uncommon to find the rarest situations in obstetrics. Here we present a case of triplet set born from gravida 5 para 4 mother at full term (GA of 39 weeks and 3 days), dated from reliable last normal menstrual period (LNMP). Each triplet has weight comparable to average weight of singleton at term. Triplets A, B, and C weigh 2.8 kg, 3 kg, and 3.2 kg, respectively. The triplet set weigh 9 kg in aggregate. Surprisingly the neonates have no perinatal complication, but the mother developed postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony. All individual triplets are large for gestational age on adjusted fetal weight standard of triplet from singleton’s growth curve. Such type of triplet outcome is unique in its presentation and has never been reported in scientific literature as to the knowledge of the authors. Thus, we can consider it as “an out of box presentation of triplet”. This initiates us to report the case.
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Ronchi, Alessandra, Paolo Brazzo, Mauro Sassi, et al. "Triplet–triplet annihilation based photon up-conversion in hybrid molecule–semiconductor nanocrystal systems." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 23 (2019): 12353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp01692a.
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Photon up-conversion based on triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) in a hybrid system exploits the annihilation of optically dark triplets of an organic emitter, sensitized by a semiconductor nanocrystal, to produce high-energy singlets that generate high energy emission.
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Åkerman, B. Alin, M. Hovmöller, and P. A. Thomassen. "The Challenges of Expecting, Delivering and Rearing Triplets." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 46, no. 02 (1997): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000000623.
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AbstractTwenty-one couples with complete sets of triplets aged between four and six years were interviewed about their experiences of being “triplet parents”. The diagnosis of triplets had been a shock for most. All triplets were born prematurely, the mean birth weight being 2,000 g. The first time at home was chaotic for most of the parents. They spent more time organizing and arranging their day and less time on emotional care than did parents of single infants. Growing up as a triplet, with constant competition for attention, stimulation and love from the mother (parents), differed a great deal from the situation for singletons and twins.The early relationship between mothers and triplets must be managed differently from that between mothers of singletons and twins. The study shows how important it is for obstetricians, paediatricians and other professionals to understand the specific needs of these families.
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Bleker, O. P., J. Oosting, and D. J. Hemrika. "On the Cause of the Retardation of Fetal Growth in Multiple Gestations." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 1 (1988): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004244.
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AbstractThe birthweights and placental weights of 3000 singletons, 1500 twin pairs and 67 triplets are studied in relation to the gestational age. From 30-32 weeks onwards, newborns of twin- and triplet gestation show lower birthweight as compared to singleton newborns. Placental indices (placental weights related to birthweights) are about alike in singletons, twins and triplets. From about 24 weeks onwards placental weights of twin and triplet newborns are smaller as compared to those of singletons. Obviously, children in multiple gestations become growth retarded, preceded by and very likely due to poor early placental development (placental crowding of the uterus).
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Johnston, L. J., and D. F. Wong. "Characterization of the triplet excited state of the phenylxanthenium carbocation." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 1 (1992): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-038.
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The triplet excited state of the 9-phenylxanthenium cation has been observed directly by both luminescence and transient absorption techniques. The triplet–triplet absorption shows λmax ≤ 300 nm and decays over a period of several microseconds in the absence of easily oxidized donors. The triplet cation reacts with 9-phenylxanthydrol and biphenyl via electron transfer to give the corresponding radical and radical cation and also reacts rapidly with both oxygen and 1,3-cyclohexadiene. Keywords: carbocations, triplets, electron transfer, laser flash photolysis.
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Gómez, M. E. "Proton decay in general SU(S) models." HNPS Proceedings 9 (February 11, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.2778.
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We discuss proton decay induced by dimension-5 operators in supersymmetric models containing extra hypercharge-1/3 colour-triplets. We derive a general formula relating dimension-5 operator to the colour-triplet mass matrix. We show that certain zeros in the triplet mass-matrix together with some triplet coupling selection rules can lead to elimination of dimension-5 operators. We apply this mechanism to SU(5) and flipped 517(5) theories with extended Higgs sectors.
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Lukovich, J. V., D. G. Babb, R. J. Galley, R. L. Raddatz, and D. G. Barber. "On the characteristics of sea ice divergence/convergence in the Southern Beaufort Sea." Cryosphere Discussions 8, no. 4 (2014): 4281–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-8-4281-2014.
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Abstract. An understanding of spatial gradients in sea ice motion, or deformation, is essential to understanding of ocean-sea-ice-atmosphere interactions and realistic representations of sea ice in models used for the purposes of prediction. This is particularly true for the southern Beaufort Sea, where significant offshore hydrocarbon resource development increases the risk of oil and other contaminants dispersing into the marginal ice zone. In this study, sea ice deformation is examined through evaluation of ice beacon triplets from September to November 2009 in the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS), defined according to distance from the coastline on deployment. Results from this analysis illustrate that ice beacon triplets in the SBS demonstrate spatiotemporal differences in their evolution at the periphery and interior of the ice pack. The time rate of change in triplet area highlights two intervals of enhanced divergence and convergence in fall, 2009. Investigation of sea ice and atmospheric conditions during these intervals shows that until mid-September, all triplets respond to northerly flow, while during the second interval of enhanced divergence/convergence in October only one triplet responds to persistent northeasterly flow due to its proximity to the ice edge, in contrast to triplets located at the interior of the pack. Differences in sea ice deformation and dispersion near the pack ice edge and interior are further demonstrated in the behavior of triplets B and C in late October/early November. The results from this analysis highlight differences in dispersion and deformation characteristics based on triplet proximity to the southernmost ice edge and coastline, with implications for modeling studies pertaining to sea ice dynamics and dispersion.
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Rafla, N. M. "Surveillance of Triplets with Umbilical Artery Velocimetry Waveforms." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 38, no. 3-4 (1989): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002701.
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AbstractDoppler arterial velocimetry waveforms was used as a method of antenatal surveillance for triplets. Six sets of triplet pregnancies were studied. Each fetus was identified by real-time-ultrasound scanning and the peak systolic/end diastolic (S/D) ratio was calculated. In one set of triplets two fetuses showed absent end diastolic flow. Both subsequently suffered from necrotising enterocolitis and had major bowel resection. The five other sets of triplets maintained a normal S/D ratio. Three had a normal outcome and two delivered prematurely.
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Martín, Miguel Ángel, Yakov A. Pachepsky, Carlos García-Gutiérrez, and Miguel Reyes. "On soil textural classifications and soil-texture-based estimations." Solid Earth 9, no. 1 (2018): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-9-159-2018.
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Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet sand–silt–clay is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide a better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from an entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6240 soil samples. The results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the sand–silt–clay and very coarse+coarse + medium sand − fine + very fine sand − silt+clay were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application and data specific.
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Yokoyama, Yoshie, Masako Sugimoto, Yu Miyake, et al. "Motor Development of Triplets: A Japanese Prospective Cohort Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 2 (2011): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.2.185.
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We analyzed whether motor development in early life is different between singletons and triplets in Japan. The motor development was reported by mothers by postal questionnaire for 1,121 triplet children and in regular health check-ups for 13,906 singleton children. Children who were suspected of having neurological abnormality or disability were excluded from the analysis. The ages of milestone achievements were significantly higher in triplets for each outcome compared to singletons. Further, after adjustment for gestational age, birthweight, and birth length, the differences were significant for maintaining head, sitting alone and standing holding on. In children with birthweight of 2 kg or more, the ages of milestone achievements were significantly higher in triplets for each outcome compared to singletons, except walking holding on. Moreover, after adjustment for the confounding factors, the differences were significant for sitting alone and walking independently. On the contrary, singletons attained motor development facilitating crawling, walking holding on, and walking independently slower than triplets among those children with birthweight of 2 kg or less after adjustment for gestational age. In conclusion, triplets are overall at higher risk for the delay of gross motor milestones as compared to singletons independently of birth-related factors. In contrast, among children with a birthweight of less than 2 kg, singletons showed slower motor development than triplets after adjusting for gestational age. There is an obvious need to apply developmental standards that consider at least both multiple birth status (singleton, twin or triplet) and birthweight.
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Kunkler, Charlotte N., Jacob P. Hulewicz, Sarah C. Hickman, Matthew C. Wang, Phillip J. McCown, and Jessica A. Brown. "Stability of an RNA•DNA–DNA triple helix depends on base triplet composition and length of the RNA third strand." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 14 (2019): 7213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz573.
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AbstractRecent studies suggest noncoding RNAs interact with genomic DNA, forming an RNA•DNA–DNA triple helix that regulates gene expression. However, base triplet composition of pyrimidine motif RNA•DNA–DNA triple helices is not well understood beyond the canonical U•A–T and C•G–C base triplets. Using native gel-shift assays, the relative stability of 16 different base triplets at a single position, Z•X–Y (where Z = C, U, A, G and X–Y = A–T, G–C, T–A, C–G), in an RNA•DNA–DNA triple helix was determined. The canonical U•A–T and C•G–C base triplets were the most stable, while three non-canonical base triplets completely disrupted triple-helix formation. We further show that our RNA•DNA–DNA triple helix can tolerate up to two consecutive non-canonical A•G–C base triplets. Additionally, the RNA third strand must be at least 19 nucleotides to form an RNA•DNA–DNA triple helix but increasing the length to 27 nucleotides does not increase stability. The relative stability of 16 different base triplets in DNA•DNA–DNA and RNA•RNA–RNA triple helices was distinctly different from those in RNA•DNA–DNA triple helices, showing that base triplet stability depends on strand composition being DNA and/or RNA. Multiple factors influence the stability of triple helices, emphasizing the importance of experimentally validating formation of computationally predicted triple helices.
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Pinar, Halit, Merielle Stephens, Don B. Singer, et al. "Triplet Placentas: Reference Values for Weights." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 5, no. 5 (2002): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10024-002-0014-0.
Full textAbstract:
The occurrence of twins, triplets, and other multiple births increased significantly between 1970 and 2000 in the United States and other industrialized countries. The number of triplet placentas submitted for examination as pathologic specimens has also markedly increased, but no reference values are published for triplet weights. We examined 196 normal triplet placentas. Specimens with associated conditions known to affect the weights of the placentas were excluded. The gestational ages ranged between 20 and 38 weeks. Mean weights for different gestational ages are summarized as follows: 253 g for 20 weeks, 319 g for 22 weeks, 406 g for 24 weeks, 509 g for 26 weeks, 621 g for 28 weeks, 738 g for 30 weeks, 855 g for 32 weeks, 965 g for 34 weeks, 1065 g for 36 weeks, and 1147 g for 38 weeks. Weight gain of triplet placentas appears to parallel that of twin placentas. The mean values of placental weights for triplets at each gestational age are less than triple those of singleton weights for the same duration of gestation. The placental weights in multiple gestations do not increase proportionately with the number of fetuses.
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Davis, Stephen F., Matthew T. Huss, and Angela H. Becker. "Norman Triplett and the Dawning of Sport Psychology." Sport Psychologist 9, no. 4 (1995): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.9.4.366.
Full textAbstract:
Research projects on reaction time, motor learning, and transfer of training, which were conducted in the late 1800s and early 1900s, as well as early attempts to relate personality development and sport, are among the roots of sport psychology. The first experimental research directly involving psychological factors and sport was conducted by Norman Triplett (1898). This paper surveys these early research projects and chronicles Triplett’s life and career.
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Luke, Barbara, Morton B. Brown, Mary L. Hediger, Ruta B. Misiunas, and Elaine Anderson. "Perinatal and Early Childhood Outcomes of Twins Versus Triplets." Twin Research and Human Genetics 9, no. 1 (2006): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.9.1.81.
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AbstractThe purpose of this prospective cohort study of twins and triplets was to evaluate perinatal and early childhood outcomes through 18 months of age. The study population included 141 twin pregnancies (282 twin children) and 8 triplet pregnancies (24 triplet children) recruited between May, 1996 and June, 2001. Mothers of triplets versus twins were significantly more likely to have infertility treatments, to be overweight or obese before conception, to be admitted antenatally, and to deliver by cesarean section. Length of gestation for triplets was significantly shorter (–2.31 weeks, p < .0001), and more likely to be less than 35 weeks (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 9.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.22–27.29). Average birthweight for triplets was significantly lighter (–495 grams, p < .0001), and more likely to be low birthweight (AOR 11.38, 95% CI 3.11–41.61). Triplets were also more likely to be admitted to neonatal intensive care (AOR 7.97, 95% CI 2.13–29.77), to require mechanical ventilation (AOR 5.67, 95% CI 2.05–15.65), to develop respiratory distress syndrome (AOR 12.50, 95% CI 3.89–40.20), or a major morbidity (retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, ventilator support, or grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, AOR 5.67, 95% CI 2.05–15.65). Weight, length, and head circumference was significantly smaller at birth for triplets compared to twins, and these differences remained through 18 months of age, along with lower mental developmental scores at the oldest age. Compared to twins, triplets have greater neonatal morbidity, and through 18 months of age lower mental and motor scores, slower postnatal growth and more residual stunting, particularly of length and head circumference.
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Feldman, Jacob. "Regularity Vs Genericity in the Perception of Collinearity." Perception 25, no. 3 (1996): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250335.
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The perception of collinearity is investigated, with the focus on the minimal case of three dots. As suggested previously, from the standpoint of probabilistic inference, the observer must classify each dot triplet as having arisen either from a one-dimensional curvilinear process or from a two-dimensional patch. The normative distributions of triplets arising from these two classes are unavailable to the observer, and are in fact somewhat counterintuitive. Hence in order to classify triplets, the observer invents distributions for each of the two opposed types, ‘regular’ (collinear) triplets and ‘generic’ (ie not regular) triplets. The collinear prototype is centered at 0° (ie perfectly straight), whereas the generic prototype, contrary to the normative statistics, is centered at 120° away from straight—apparently because this is the point most distant in triplet space from straight and thus creates the maximum possible contrast between the two prototypes. By default, these two processes are assumed to be equiprobable in the environment. An experiment designed to investigate how subjects' judgments are affected by conspicuous environmental deviations from this assumption is reported. The results suggest that observers react by elevating or depressing the expected probability of the generic prototype relative to the regular one, leaving the prototype structure otherwise intact.
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SENAMI, MASATO, and KATSUJI YAMAMOTO. "LEPTOGENESIS WITH SUPERSYMMETRIC HIGGS TRIPLETS IN THE TEV REGION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 06 (2006): 1291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06029478.
Full textAbstract:
The leptogenesis with supersymmetric Higgs triplets is studied in the light of experimental verification in the TeV region. The lepton number asymmetry appears just after the inflation via multiscalar coherent evolution of Higgs triplets and antislepton on a flat manifold. If the Higgs triplet mass terms dominate over the negative thermal-log term for the Hubble parameter H comparable to the Higgs triplet mass MΔ, the asymmetry is fixed readily to some significant value by the redshift and rotation of these scalar fields, providing the sufficient lepton-to-entropy ratio nL/s ~ 10-10. This can be the case even with MΔ ~ 1 TeV for the reheating temperature T R ~ 106 GeV and the mass parameter M/λ ~ 1022 GeV of the nonrenormalizable superpotential terms relevant for leptogenesis.
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Amos, William. "Flanking heterozygosity influences the relative probability of different base substitutions in humans." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (2019): 191018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191018.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding when, where and which mutations are mostly likely to occur impacts many areas of evolutionary biology, from genetic diseases to phylogenetic reconstruction. Africans and non-African humans differ in the mutability of different triplet base combinations. Africans and non-Africans also differ in mutation rate, possibly because heterozygosity is mutagenic, such that diversity lost when humans expanded out of Africa also lowered the mutation rate. I show that these phenomena are linked: as flanking heterozygosity increases, some triplets become progressively more mutable while others become less so. Africans and non-African show near-identical patterns of dependence on heterozygosity. Thus, the striking differences in triplet mutation frequency between Africans and non-Africans, at least in part, seem to be an emergent property, driven by the way changes in heterozygosity ‘out of Africa’ have differentially impacted the mutability of different triplets. As heterozygosity decreased, the mutation spectrum outside Africa became enriched for triplet mutations that are favoured by low heterozygosity while those favoured by high heterozygosity became relatively rarer.
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Chen, Michelle, Matthew D. Krzyaniak, Jordan N. Nelson, et al. "Quintet-triplet mixing determines the fate of the multiexciton state produced by singlet fission in a terrylenediimide dimer at room temperature." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 17 (2019): 8178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820932116.
Full textAbstract:
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical process in which one of two adjacent organic molecules absorbs a single photon, resulting in rapid formation of a correlated triplet pair (T1T1) state whose spin dynamics influence the successful generation of uncorrelated triplets (T1). Femtosecond transient visible and near-infrared absorption spectroscopy of a linear terrylene-3,4:11,12-bis(dicarboximide) dimer (TDI2), in which the two TDI molecules are directly linked at one of their imide positions, reveals ultrafast formation of the (T1T1) state. The spin dynamics of the (T1T1) state and the processes leading to uncoupled triplets (T1) were studied at room temperature for TDI2aligned in 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), a nematic liquid crystal. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy shows that the (T1T1) state has mixed5(T1T1) and3(T1T1) character at room temperature. This mixing is magnetic field dependent, resulting in a maximum triplet yield at ∼200 mT. The accessibility of the3(T1T1) state opens a pathway for triplet–triplet annihilation that produces a single uncorrelated T1state. The presence of the5(T1T1) state at room temperature and its relationship with the1(T1T1) and3(T1T1) states emphasize that understanding the relationship among different (T1T1) spin states is critical for ensuring high-yield T1formation from singlet fission.
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McCullough, A. J., and S. M. Berget. "G triplets located throughout a class of small vertebrate introns enforce intron borders and regulate splice site selection." Molecular and Cellular Biology 17, no. 8 (1997): 4562–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.17.8.4562.
Full textAbstract:
Splicing of small introns in lower eucaryotes can be distinguished from vertebrate splicing by the inability of such introns to be expanded and by the inability of splice site mutations to cause exon skipping-properties suggesting that the intron rather than the exon is the unit of recognition. Vertebrates do contain small introns. To see if they possess properties similar to small introns in lower eucaryotes, we studied the small second intron from the human alpha-globin gene. Mutation of the 5' splice site of this intron resulted in in vivo intron inclusion, not exon skipping, suggesting the presence of intron bridging interactions. The intron had an unusual base composition reflective of a sequence bias present in a collection of small human introns in which multiple G triplets stud the interior of the introns. Each G triplet represented a minimal sequence element additively contributing to maximal splicing efficiency and spliceosome assembly. More importantly, G triplets proximal to a duplicated splice site caused preferential utilization of the 5' splice site upstream of the triplets or the 3' splice site downstream of the triplets; i.e., sequences containing G triplets were preferentially used as introns when a choice was possible. Thus, G triplets internal to a small intron have the ability to affect splice site decisions at both ends of the intron. Each G triplet additively contributed to splice site selectivity. We suggest that G triplets are a common component of human 5' splice sites and aid in the definition of exon-intron borders as well as overall splicing efficiency. In addition, our data suggest that such intronic elements may be characteristic of small introns and represent an intronic equivalent to the exon enhancers that facilitate recognition of both ends of an exon during exon definition.
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Bittle, Emily G., Sebastian Engmann, Karl Thorley, and John Anthony. "Measuring the impact of spin-triplet exciton orientation on photocurrent in an organic transistor." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 35 (2021): 11809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc01539g.
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Angle dependent magneto-photocurrent in organic single crystal transistors reveals the anisotropy of triplets, verified by a spin-Hamiltonian model with zero-field splitting, providing a basis for metrics of singlet fission–triplet fusion devices.
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Zaffora, Andrea, Andrea Culcasi, Luigi Gurreri, et al. "Energy Harvesting by Waste Acid/Base Neutralization via Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205510.
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Bipolar Membrane Reverse Electrodialysis (BMRED) can be used to produce electricity exploiting acid-base neutralization, thus representing a valuable route in reusing waste streams. The present work investigates the performance of a lab-scale BMRED module under several operating conditions. By feeding the stack with 1 M HCl and NaOH streams, a maximum power density of ~17 W m−2 was obtained at 100 A m−2 with a 10-triplet stack with a flow velocity of 1 cm s−1, while an energy density of ~10 kWh m−3 acid could be extracted by a complete neutralization. Parasitic currents along feed and drain manifolds significantly affected the performance of the stack when equipped with a higher number of triplets. The apparent permselectivity at 1 M acid and base decreased from 93% with the five-triplet stack to 54% with the 38-triplet stack, which exhibited lower values (~35% less) of power density. An important role may be played also by the presence of NaCl in the acidic and alkaline solutions. With a low number of triplets, the added salt had almost negligible effects. However, with a higher number of triplets it led to a reduction of 23.4–45.7% in power density. The risk of membrane delamination is another aspect that can limit the process performance. However, overall, the present results highlight the high potential of BMRED systems as a productive way of neutralizing waste solutions for energy harvesting.
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Merkepci, Hamiyet, and Katy D. Ahmad. "On the Conditions of Imperfect Neutrosophic Duplets and Imperfect Neutrosophic Triplets." Galoitica: Journal of Mathematical Structures and Applications 2, no. 2 (2022): 08–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/gjmsa.020201.
Full textAbstract:
In any neutrosophic ring R(I), an imperfect neutrosophic duplet consists of two elements x,y with a condition xy=yx=x and an imperfect neutrosophic triplet consists of three elements x,y,z with condition xy=yx=x,yz=zy=z,and xz=zx=y. The objective of this paper is to determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for neutrosophic duplets and triplets in any neutrosophic ring R(I), and to determine all triplets in Z(I).
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Crowther, C. A., and R. A. Hamilton. "Triplet Pregnancy: A 10-Year Review of 105 Cases at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 38, no. 3-4 (1989): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002671.
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AbstractDuring the 10-year period, 1975-1984, 105 triplet pregnancies were delivered at Harare Maternity Hospital, Zimbabwe, among 286,338 pregnancies in the Greater Harare Unit, giving an incidence of triplets of 1:2,727. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32.5 wk with 81 women (77.1%) delivering before 37 wk. Primigravidas delivered at a significantly earlier mean gestational age (P < 0.05) and had a higher perinatal mortality (P < 0.001) compared with grand multigravidas. Of the 315 babies, 277 (87.9%) weighed < 2500 g. The overall perinatal mortality rate was 327‰, with a pernital mortality rate of 146‰ for infants weighing ≥ 1000 g. Women hospitalised for bed rest during the antenatal period had fewer perinatal deaths compared with those diagnosed during the antenatal period, but not hospitalised for bed rest (P < 0.02). No difference was found in the mean gestational age at delivery or the mean birth weights between these two groups. Among infants ≥ 28 wk gestation there were fewer perinatal deaths in triplets delivered by cesarean section compared with triplets delivered vaginally (P < 0.0004). This suggests that cesarean section may offer the optimal mode of delivery in triplet pregnancy.
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Peng, Jinbo, Sophia Sokolov, Daniel Hernangómez-Pérez, et al. "Atomically resolved single-molecule triplet quenching." Science 373, no. 6553 (2021): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abh1155.
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The nonequilibrium triplet state of molecules plays an important role in photocatalysis, organic photovoltaics, and photodynamic therapy. We report the direct measurement of the triplet lifetime of an individual pentacene molecule on an insulating surface with atomic resolution by introducing an electronic pump-probe method in atomic force microscopy. Strong quenching of the triplet lifetime is observed if oxygen molecules are coadsorbed in close proximity. By means of single-molecule manipulation techniques, different arrangements with oxygen molecules were created and characterized with atomic precision, allowing for the direct correlation of molecular arrangements with the lifetime of the quenched triplet. Such electrical addressing of long-lived triplets of single molecules, combined with atomic-scale manipulation, offers previously unexplored routes to control and study local spin-spin interactions.
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Merién, Ashley E. R., Jim van Eyck, and Birgit Arabin. "Two Cases With Dichorionic Diamniotic Triplet Pregnancy and Early Cord Entanglement." Twin Research 4, no. 4 (2001): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.4.4.219.
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AbstractWithin a period of 6 years (1994–99) we registered 29 triplet deliveries out of a total of 13,969 hospital deliveries (0.02%). Since there is limited information about specific problems of chorionicity in triplet pregnancies, we analysed the 29 cases according to origin of pregnancy and chorionicity. We here report on two cases with a high risk according to chorionicity with dichorionic (DC) diamniotic (DA) triplet pregnancies. Out of the two cases, one pregnancy was spontaneous and one originated after in-vitro fertilization. In both pregnancies, cord entanglement was detected early in pregnancy (at 10 and 15 weeks) by color Doppler velocimetry demonstrating different heart rates within the segment of the entangled umbilical branches. The pregnancies were followed by documenting fetal behavior and color Doppler velocimetry of umbilical and fetal arteries at weekly intervals. In both cases, a primary Cesarean section was performed after detection of lung maturity. In the first case, one of the MA triplets had a transposition of the great arteries and abnormal lung vein drainage, which was the reason for neonatal death three weeks postnatally. Although early cord entanglement has been described in MA twins, this series demonstrates that it can as well be demonstrated in MA triplets. The early detection allows for extensive surveillance of the a priori high risk triplet pregnancy.
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Luke, B., E. Bryan, C. Sweetland, S. Leurgans, and L. Keith. "Prenatal Weight Gain and the Birthweight of Triplets." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 44, no. 2 (1995): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000001756.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal factors, including rates of gestational weight gain before and after 24 weeks' gestation, and adequacy of intrauterine growth for gestational age at birth of triplets, as a mean Z-score of the triplet set. The study design was a retrospective, anonymous, pilot telephone survey of mothers of triplets and an historical cohort analysis of their prenatal weight gain records. The statistical analyses performed included multiple regression analysis to formulate a model for mean triplet Z-score (a measure of birthweight-for-gestational age) and analysis of variance to confirm and simplify the components of this model. Factors significant in the final model and their beta coefficients included weeks' gestation (-0.124, p <0.0001), rate of gain before 24 weeks' gestation (0.606, p = 0.005), and induced conception (−0.404, p = 0.01). Rate of gain > 1.5 lbs/week before 24 weeks was significant in the analysis of variance (p = 0.009). Better intrauterine growth for gestational age is achieved in triplet gestations with maternal weight gains of >1.5 lbs/week before 24 weeks' gestation.
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Neupert, Richard. "The Triplets of Belleville (Les Triplettes de Belleville)." Film Quarterly 58, no. 3 (2005): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2005.58.3.38.
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Abstract The Triplets of Belleville (Sylvain Chomet, 2003) is an important example of French animation today. This tale of a grandmother raising, then rescuing, her young ward moves at a delirious pace. Its rich characterizations, visuals, and soundtrack produce a surreal and nostalgic world, far from Disney.
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Kiseleva, L. "The connection between dark matter, internal motions and configurational properties of triple galaxies." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 174 (2000): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100055342.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNumerical simulations of the dynamics of triplets of galaxies show that virial estimations of the individual masses of triplets are unreliable because of strong nonsteadiness of these groups and projection effects. However, the mass of a typical small galaxy group can be estimated statistically, from data on a whole homogeneous ensemble of groups such as, for example, Karachentsev’s Catalogue of compact galaxy triplets. The characteristic total mass of a triplet from this catalogue is 4 - 7 times greater than the visible mass when the standard mass-to-light ratio is assumed. This suggests the presence of some considerable amount of dark matter even in these compact triplets. In wide triplets of galaxies the amount of dark matter may be significantly larger. The presence of distributed dark matter makes motions of galaxies in triplets more stochastic. In this case the existence of long-lived hierarchical configurations (temporary binaries) in triple systems becomes much less probable than without dark matter. The analysis of internal motions of galaxies in triplets and their configurations may be interpreted as additional non-dynamical evidence of the presence of dark matter in galaxy triplets.
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Allen, Gordon. "Frequency of Triplets and Triplet Zygosity Types among U.S. Births, 1964." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 37, no. 3-4 (1988): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000003883.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe frequency of triplets in the U.S. white population may have reached an all-time low around 1964, at 78 sets per million deliveries. One-fourth of those were monozygotic as estimated by the difference method, or 18% by Bulmer's theoretical model. By 1983 the frequency of triplets had nearly doubled, the increase presumably occurring in dizygotic and trizygotic types. In Belgium most triplet pregnancies now result from artificial induction of ovulation, which is expected to occur mainly in older mothers. In the U.S., however, triplets have increased as much in young mothers as in older mothers, proportionally. This age distribution of the increase may be partly explained by a decrease in parity in older mothers since 1964.
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Ruge, John R., and T. Simone Newland. "Agenesis of the corpus callosum: female monozygotic triplets." Journal of Neurosurgery 85, no. 1 (1996): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.1.0152.
Full textAbstract:
✓ A case of identical (monozygotic) triplets, two of whom have agenesis of the corpus callosum, is presented. Prenatal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed two of the triplets to have agenesis of the corpus callosum and the third triplet to have an intact corpus callosum. No such case has been reported in the literature. Theories of the etiology and pathogenesis of corpus callosum agenesis are discussed. In this case, unequal X-inactivation as related to the twinning process is implicated as the cause of the agenesis.
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Yokoyama, Yoshie, Masako Sugimoto, Janne Pitkäniemi, Jaakko Kaprio, and Karri Silventoinen. "Height Growth of Triplets from Birth to 12 Years of Age in Japan." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 5 (2011): 468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.5.468.
Full textAbstract:
We analyzed the characteristics associated with the growth in height of Japanese triplets from birth to 12 years of age. The study included 376 mothers and their 1,128 triplet children, who were born between 1978 and 2006. Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire sent to the mothers asking for information recorded in medical records. For these births, data on triplets' length and height growth, gestational age, sex, parity, maternal age at delivery, and maternal height were obtained from records in the Maternal and Child Health Handbooks and records in the school which children receive health check-ups. The height deficit of the triplets compared to the general population of Japan remained between 2% and 5% until 12 years of age. Moreover, at 12 years of age, the differences of height between the general population and triplets were approximately -3.6 cm for male and -4.4 cm for female. Maternal height showed the strongest contribution to height of triplets from 6 to 12 years of age. In conclusion, triplets remain shorter than singletons until 12 years of age.