Dissertations / Theses: 'Tripoli (Libya)'

1

Ben, Sassi Ali Cheib. "Les inscriptions de Tripoli d'Occident à l'époque ottomane (1551-1911) : étude épigraphique et historique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3019/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse se donne pour but l'analyse de 159 inscriptions ottomanes relevées dans la ville de Tripoli de Libye (période 1555 - 1906). Cet ensemble épigraphique de grande valeur, quasiment inédit, permet d'éclairer l'histoire de la ville et de ses principaux représentants. Chaque inscription, monumentale ou funéraire, est étudiée d'un point de vue historique mais également matériel (décors, supports, écriture et paléographie). La langue (arabe ou parfois osmanli), le contenu et la forme font aussi l'objet d'une étude approfondie. Chaque inscription est analysée, traduite et commentée dans une fiche type (volume 1) ; les analyses des données sont regroupées dans le volume 2 ; les plans, cartes, photos et fac-similés occupent le volume 3. Ce travail met en lumière la richesse patrimoniale et épigraphique de Tripoli et de sa région et ouvre la voie à de nouvelles études et réflexions sur la Régence ottomane This dissertation aims at analysing 159 inscriptions from the city of western Tripoli dating from the Ottoman period (1555 - 1906). This epigraphic corpus, for the main part unpublished, stands out for his value, since it sheds more light on the history of the city and on its representatives. Each inscription, be it monumental or funeral, studied from an historical, as well as a material (decoration, media, writing and palaeography) context. The language (Arabic and sometimes Osmanli), the content and the form are thoroughly analysed. Volume 1 includes the corpus of the inscriptions, each of which is analysed, translated and annotated in a standard form. Volume 2 presents the analysis of the data. Finally, volume 3 contains the plans, maps, photos and facsimiles. This study highlights the heritage and epigraphic richness of Tripoli and its region ; it opens the way to new investigations on the Ottoman Regency

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Gusbi, Mukhtar Mhammed. "Aetiology of acute diarrhoea in hospitalized children, Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2233/.

Full text

Abstract:

Two studies were performed to detect aetiology of acute diarrhoea in hospitalized children aged under five years in Tripoli, Libya. In the first study, two hundred and thirty-six stool samples were obtained. Of these, 118 were from patients admitted for acute diarrhoeal disease, and 118 age and sex-matched concurrent controls were admitted for other reasons. In the second study, eight hundred and ten stool specimens were collected 405 from patients and the same number from controls. All were admitted to the AIjala Children’s Hospital, Tripoli, Libya. The first study was conducted between August 1st 1997 and 31st October 1997 and the second study was conducted between January 1st 2003 and 31st December 2003. One or more enteric pathogens were isolated from 55.9% of patients and 13.6% of controls in the first study and 68.1 % of patients and 12.6% of controls in the second study. In the first study, the organisms were identified from stool of patients; Escherichia coli 22.9%, rotavirus 15.3%, Campylobacter 7.6%, Proteus 7.6%, Klebsiella 4.2%, Entamoeba histolytica 4.2%, Cryptosporidium 2.5% and Giardia lamblia 1.7%, Salmonella was not isolated in both studies, because not growth on ordinary media were used (MacConkey agar and Blood agar) but usually growth on Salmonella-Shigella medium where not used. In the second study, enteropathogens identified were: rotavirus 30.4%, Escherichia coli 16.5%, Entamoeba histolytica 12.5%, Campylobacter 6.7%, Giardia lamblia 3.7%, Cryptosporidium 3.2%, Klebsiella 2.9%, Proteus 2.2%. Libyan children under six months of age were the most susceptible to acute diarrhoea requiring admission to the hospital. This was remarked in 46.6% of patients in the first study and 43.2% in the second. Exclusive breast feeding in Libyan children was of a very low percentage. In the first study it was 19.5% and in the second 29.1%. Children use dummies were about 3 times more at risk of diarrhoea than the non users in the first study (OD: 5.95,95%, CI: 1.120-2.37, p<0.001) and RR: 3.1 and (0: : 2.986ý 95%. Cl: 2.13-4.16, P<0.001) and RR: 23 in the second, this fell to children being twice as much at risk of contracting diarrhoea. Watery stool was the most common stool consistency of patients in both studies. Fever was the most common clinical feature associated with acute diarrhoea in the two studies (72.9% and 71.6% respectively). Vomiting was present in 51.7% of patients among the first study and 58.3% among the second. Moderate and isotonic dehydration were the most common degree and type of dehydration across both studies. In the second study, Rotavirus peaked during the winter (cold season) while bacteria and parasites peaked during the summer and autumn seasons. API 20E and API Campy were used to identify bacterial isolated by cultures and the number of confirmed cases decreased from 142 to 112 samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction was adopted in the second study to confirm detection of Campylobacter spp. these were identified by API Campy technique, where all Campylobacter spp. were identified as the same as detected by API Campy and for 24 samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zidan, Adel. "Cellular automata for population growth prediction : Tripoli-Libya case." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10541.

Full text

Abstract:

Due to obstruction in the national plan of urbanization in Tripoli (Libya) and population growth, serious problems have emerged in the form of random settlements, overcrowding and poor infrastructure. After more than two decades of inertia, the government has created a national plan in order to resolve the problems, hence it has enforced the demolition of some zones and modified other (irregularly built) ones, however the process is extremely costly. This research introduces a solution through cellular automata (CA) model to predict growth trends; size of residential, industrial and utilities areas; and to project future population. The model is implemented using digitized land use maps of Tripoli to indicate each areas as group of cells to predict their growth. The model incorporates two types of fuzzy rules bases, the first of which is based on the inputs population and area, and the second of which is based on the three inputs of population, area and density. The population prediction is performed using three scenarios, namely decreasing, fixed and increasing growth rates, such that all possibilities of growth are covered. In addition, the residential area prediction is performed based on two cases: normal density and low density. The former is introduced since new areas tend to have more open spaces and bigger houses. Furthermore, the model considers the growth of the industrial areas to be slower than that of residential areas. The model is developed and validated for the period of 1980 to 2010. The prediction is performed for thirty years from 2010 to 2040. In addition to the CA model, a regression model is developed and tested on the three growth scenarios for the same period (30 years). The prediction results are very close for 2040 in terms of population. The model incorporates the introduction of public services areas that are distributed equally on the growth areas, which occupy about 15-20% of the total area. This model can help the government to develop areas in a proper way and controls the expansion to have well layout and planned of the city, improving people's standard of living sustainably, while protecting the environment with better planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Yoda, Sumikazu. "The Arabic dialect of the jews in Tripoli (Libya) grammar, text and glossary." Wiesbaden Harrassowitz, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2631107&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Shawesh, Ezeddin Mohamed. "The changing identity of the built environment in Tripoli City, Libya." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/300.

Full text

Abstract:

The main aim of this study is to analyse and evaluate the changing identity of the built environment in Tripoli. In search of a definition for identity, the research found that identity is a combination of similarity and difference, creating a sense of uniqueness with which individuals, groups and societies identify with each other but distinguish themselves from others. Identity is, therefore, dynamic, always defined in relation to others rather than in isolation, and is created through continued existence through time and space, through memory and continuity. Three inter-related types of identity (individual, group and social identity) create a balance between individual creativity and the sense of community. A major component of the sense of identity for individuals, groups and societies is their physical environment. In particular, some elements of the physical environment appear to make a strong contribution to the sense of place and identity. These are the natural environment, such as the countryside and the sea that surrounded the city, as well as the city's homes, streets, open spaces, markets and mosques. These physical elements are created according to people's cultural and social values, principles and beliefs. A major change in these elements can be considered a change in the identity of the city. To evaluate this change of identity, the study used a historical and social analysis. The historical analysis showed how these elements were transformed during the course of the twentieth century. It identified three stages of transformation: traditional, colonial and modern (or postcolonial). The social analysis found a number of variables that link people with their physical environment and shape the sense of identity of the place: safety and privacy, attachment and commitment, self-expression, memory and continuity. The research then combined the historical and social analysis by interviewing 300 residents in three areas of the city, each representing one stage of identity transformation. These residents, as well as some academics, architects and planners, were asked to evaluate these environments. The findings of this study illustrated the changing characteristics of the built environment as well as the underlining forces and circumstances forming the identity of each area. The examination illustrated the lack of physical and cultural continuity where each area developed and changed in response to different circumstances (socio-cultural, economic and political). An appraisal of the architecture and urban characters of the three areas demonstrated the lack of design continuity leading to the fragmentation of the urban structure. Associated with this fragmentation, there has been a gap between the development of the built environment and the needs, principles and values of Tripoli society. These gaps and discontinuities have created tensions and shortcomings in the life and identity of the city. The three main historical periods have each left a mark on the city, creating a city of multiple identities. The traditional city still is valued highly by Tripoli residents for its architectural features and its conforming with traditional social values. It is, however, not popular with the younger people, who are the future of the city, for its inability to accommodate modern lifestyles. The colonial city is an alien creation that has particular architectural values, such as its arcades and open spaces. It is not however, suitable for the Libyan family size and lifestyle. The modern neighbourhoods are not often successful in their architecture. They are more suitable in general for Libyan families, but remain unsuccessful from a number of aspects, especially in satisfying the older people. In comparison, the findings indicated a higher level of satisfaction among the respondents in the traditional area regarding their physical environment. This was partly due to the design concepts that were in line with local social, cultural, political, economic and climatic conditions. However, later developments and changes have not been related to the local conditions to the same extent and have negatively affected the process of city formation. The three areas that reflect the history of the city have their own strengths and weakness. The future of the city grows out of this diversity of identities. There is much that can be learnt from the lessons of each area, as well as of the co-existence of old and new that characterises the identity of the built environment in Tripoli. A major lesson is that the success of built environment largely depends on how far it relates to the local physical and social conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Mukhtar, Naji A. "Housing policy in Libya : study of public housing projects in Tripoli City." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Grifa, Mussa A. "The construction industry in Libya , with particular reference to operations in Tripoli." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/238.

Full text

Abstract:

This research is concerned with the Libyan construction industry (LCI), which has not been investigated before. Its key aims are to achieve a better understanding of the industry, to identify the key factors which have formed its current status, and to address the major obstacles constraining its operations. Theoretical and empirical studies were conducted between 2002 and 2005 in Libya. The theoretical research focused on the construction industry (Cl) and its key issues, while the empirical research was organized around a survey and explored Libya as the context for the study. Owing to geographical and time limitations, the city of Tripoli was employed as the location where the research was conducted. Data was obtained through questionnaires targeting consultants, contractors, and clients, supported by a set of interviews with those concerned, visits to firms and projects under construction, and other supportive techniques. The information gathered was analyzed using SPSS package, Excel Software and SWOT analysis. The findings of the study indicate that the current shape of the LCI is a consequence of the interaction of geographical, historical, social, political, economic, institutional and technological factors. The industry operates in difficult geographical, social and economic circumstances. Its operations are concentrated in four main separate regions, influenced by social tribalism and nepotism, fluctuations in oil revenues and foreign workers. Political ideology has played a significant role in determining the current status, by imposing partnership principles. Also, the LCI is currently characterized by traditional procurement systems, paper-based and verbal communications systems, and cement- and intensive-labour operations. The study identifies three broad obstacles which restrict the operations of the LCI. These relate to the operating environment, firms, and clients and projects. Unstable regulatory, institutional and economic environments have not given the industry the opportunity to grow and play a significant leading role in economic and development processes. However, the strengths of the industry lie in its educated and experienced staff, the CI is seen as a profitable business, and because demand for construction will flourish in the coming decades. Thus, opportunity to develop the LCI does exist. Despite the strong commitment of the state to regulate the CI in accordance with formal construction standards, informality is one of the key features of its operations. The informal sector has a key role in production processes and the supply of construction materials and labour. In addition, Libya is a country which suffers from acute shortages in water supplies, and yet the current operations of the LCI are cement based and designed around mixing methods on construction sites in which water is an important issue in terms of quantity, quality and management. This thesis suggests that the position of water in the operations of the CI in arid and semi-arid countries should be investigated in specific further research. The levels of oil revenues, investment in construction, the ability to create an enabling environment, the roles of the private sector and foreign firms, and the relationship between the formal and informal sectors, are likely to determine the industry's future shape, operations and ability to cope with changes. However, without improving management capability of the LCI, the industry will not be able to cope with future challenges, and no significant advance can be made in its operations. Furthermore, the implications of the study's findings and recommendations for future research are suggested, including the water issue and the informal construction industry in Libya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Abubrig, Ali Irhuma. "Towards a holistic Islamic urbanism : planning for Tripoli in the New Libya." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27787.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis argues for the development of a Holistic Islamic Urbanism (HIU) as key to the future of a rapidly urbanising Middle East. Because Libya is currently undergoing a post-war reconstruction phase, the adoption of Holistic Islamic Urbanism (HIU) would be a remedy to the current imbalances and a strategy of sustainability, for globalisation, like urbanisation, has brought numerous challenges that have eroded Libya’s ability to contribute innovations that spring from their unique geographic setting, cultural identity and history. HIU is a concept that is deeply rooted in the principles of Islamic urbanism, where full social justice, economic freedom and human rights can be realised. During the last few decades, most countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), including Libya, have experienced rapid economic and population growth. This growth has led to a substantial increase in urbanisation in the form of new districts, towns and housing – but mainly influenced by Western planning principles. Libya’s rapid urbanisation, as in many places, has culminated in many economic, social and demographic problems, which were exacerbated by the Ghaddafi regime. The unsustainable nature of rapid urbanisation and its governance structure under the 40 year dictatorship of Ghaddafi affected various sections of society, which created the social tensions that ultimately led to the 2011 Libyan Revolution. The study adopts a mixed method approach to understanding such processes. The research emphasises the importance of housing, policy, socio-cultural and gender factors, and environmental and sustainability climate conditions, as they are all important in planning and play vital roles in reflecting religion and customs, and the people’s desire for complete privacy within the home and serenity in their public life. The research has also shown the increasing prominence of Libyan women in the urban space of Tripoli, in the context of the revolution, and the role of women in Libyan/Islamic society during a time of rapid social change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Amer, A. A. "Comparison study of traditional and contemporary housing design with reference to Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2175/.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the course of the last few decades, most developing countries, including Libya, have experienced a rapid economic growth and associated increase in population. This growth has led to a substantial increase in the implementation of contemporary housing programmes and urbanisation in the form of new districts, mainly influenced by western models, although the use of some traditional forms continues in hybrid designs. Traditional housing gains its name due to its close relationship between the functional needs of the occupants, the culture, the climate, and other aspects of the living environment. In contrast contemporary designs of houses have appeared only recently in State development plans and projects, and have begun to show some shortcomings in functionality. Thus, this study aims to investigate and understand the reason for these shortcomings and to make recommendations for future housing policies in the state. The design of traditional and contemporary housing in Tripoli-Libya is analysed in terms of suitability for cultural, social and climate conditions. This is explored through contextual research based on a review of the literature, concentrating on the development of housing design in Libya since 1885, including all the factors that have influenced Libyan housing design. The satisfaction level of the occupants living within both types of housing has been explored in three representative case study areas in Tripoli. Residents' views on their satisfaction with their house were sought through questionnaires. Interviews were also conducted amongst government officials and design professional concerned with housing design and implementation programmes to understand professional opinion on the quality of traditional and contemporary housing. The main conclusions drawn from the research emphasises the importance of social and cultural factors, climate conditions, and local building materials, as they all play an important role in designing any house and are important to the level of satisfaction of users. Regardless of the advantages of the contemporary housing used in the case study areas in terms of space and access for motor transport, most respondents were dissatisfied with their new houses in terms of privacy, climate condition, and building materials used in the construction. The research also illustrates the danger of not properly considering all these factors may result in dissatisfaction of users, and may lead them to alter or modify their houses. This may lead to illegal and possibly unsafe modifications, or at least to unsatisfactory visual appearance. Finally, based on the study of both traditional and contemporary houses, the findings of the empirical study, and the opinions of experts, a set of guidelines for future house designs are presented. The guidelines inform and possibly assist designers, planners, academics and Libyan public policy makers to achieve the goals of providing new housing concepts and forms, which are appropriate to the requirements of residents, and which do not detract nor constrain their social and cultural activities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Altumi, Ahmed Almukhtar. "A decision support system for sustainable urban development of the Tripoli agglomeration, Libya." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248338.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Sharfeddine, Enaam. "La classe marchande dans l’Iyālat ottoman de Ṭarābulus al-Gharb sous les Qaramānlīs 1711-1835". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3037.

Full text

Abstract:

La plupart des études modernes tendent à analyser l’histoire de la société libyenne selon un schéma qui réduit la vie sociale et économique de la Libye au nomadisme et aux rapports tribaux ou bien à la pratique de l’agriculture pastorale et au commerce du transit ; à cela se rajoute une activité corsaire exercée dans les villes côtières. Par conséquent, cette vision de l’histoire du pays est réduite à deux interprétations. Tandis que la première se rapporte strictement à l’histoire interne, la deuxième est liée aux facteurs externes ; toutefois les deux ne sont que très rarement liés. En revanche, l’objectif de notre thèse vise à prendre en compte l’ensemble des facteurs tant internes qu’externes de l’histoire de la ville de Tripoli et de ses arrière-pays sans oublier qu’il s’inscrit dans l’histoire méditerranéenne et ottomane afin d’étudier tous les aspects de l’histoire sociale et économique de la Tripolitaine via la classe marchande de l’Iyālat Ṭarābulus al-Gharb. Les sources locales tels les registres des tribunaux sharî‘a à Tripoli, le journal du commerçant Ḥasan al-Faqīh Ḥasan mais aussi européennes, notamment, les rapports des consuls français et livournais nous dévoilent les détails d’unesynergie des réseaux économiques et sociaux, nous donnant tout un autre aspect de l’histoire libyenne Most studies on the modern history of Libya and its society tend to limit their scope to a schema that reduces the social and economic life of Libya to nomadic and tribal relations or to the practice of pastoral agriculture and transit trade; corsair activity exercised on the coastal cities is also a focus. Consequently, this vision of the country’s history is reduced to twointerpretations. While the first relates strictly to the internal history of the area, the second refers exclusively to the external factor; only rarely are both aspects analyzed together. Keeping this in mind, our dissertation takes into account both internal and external elements related to the history of the city of Tripoli and its hinterlands as well as the fact that it is partand parcel of Mediterranean and Ottoman history, aiming thereby to study all the aspects which compose the social and economic history of the Tripolitain via the merchant class of Iyālat Ṭarābulus al-Gharb. Local sources such as the registers from the Tripoli Ottoman-era sharî‘a court along with entries from the journal of the Tripoli businessman Ḥasan al-FaqīhḤasan in addition to European consular reports, in particular, those from the French consuls as well as the Livorno consular reports reveal a synergy of economic and social networks which show an entirely new aspect of Libyan history

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

El, Salabi Allaaeddin Ali. "Characterisation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria from Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55122/.

Full text

Abstract:

As very little information is known of the antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria in Libya in addition to the desperate need for insight knowledge of the antibiotic resistance in Libyan hospitals, this study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in isolates collected from clinical, non-clinical and environmental samples from Tripoli and Benghazi, Libya. Bacterial collection include samples taken from patients admitted to the hospitals in ICUs and other wards, they also include swabs randomly collected from hospitals environment. These swabs were from walls, bedsides, curtains, floors, toilets, workstations, mechanical ventilators, stainless steel containers and instruments used in particular ICUs. This study clearly demonstrates the emergence of MDR Gram-negative bacteria in Tripoli and Benghazi hospitals, these MDR bacteria were clinical and non clinical revealing the long standing infection control problem in these hospitals. <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> was found as the most frequently isolated strain being disseminated in hospitals and outside hospitals followed by <italic>E. coli. K. pneumoniae</italic> and <italic>E. coli</italic> were detected harbouring blacjx-M group 1 in association with ISEcpl the enhancer of the p-lactamase gene movement. More importantly, &/ ctx-m-i5 in association with ISEcpl were detected carried on conjugative plasmids of different sizes and able to move via Libyan <italic> K. pneumoniae</italic> and <italic>E. coli</italic> to sensitive bacteria via conjugation. Some isolates of <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> were clonally related and were in some cases found in different hospital revealing the outbreak of MDR <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> in Libyan hospitals. <italic>E. coli </italic> strains showed the emergence of more than one clone in one hospital which indicates to the lack of hospital hygiene. Three novel sequence types among <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> were discovered in this study, one of which <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> AES817 that assigned ST511 was collected from one of Benghazi streets and was found carrying blacrx-M-is and ISEcpl on a plasmid of 400kb. Characterisation of <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> showed the emergence of clonally related strains carrying blaym-i, one was isolated from a patient admitted to Al-Jalla hospital in Benghazi and the other from a stainless steel container from the same hospital but different ward, this MBL was found on a novel integron in both strains. Interestingly, 6/<zvim-2 was found chromosomally mediated proposing that the dissemination of this MBL might be due to mobile genetic elements. Perhaps the most interesting finding of this study is 6/atmb-i which was detected in environmental strain swabbed from the floor of Tripoli central hospital. This MBL was unusual in terms of the similarity this gene shares with other known MBLs and also to the discovery of this MBL carried by environmental bacteria <italic>A. xylosoxidans, </italic> it is moreover the first MBL discovered in Libya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Omar, A. A. "An evaluation of low income housing project in developing countries case study : Tripoli-Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14847/.

Full text

Abstract:

During the last few decades most developing countries have experienced a rapid growth in population which has resulted in a rapid urbanisation in the form of an expansion of existing towns, coupled with an increasing dependence upon developed countries for implementation of new housing programmes. The purpose of this study is to point out the problems of public housing, to identify the relationships between the physical elements and conceptual perspectives of housing functions. To resolve the housing problems, the Libyan government introduced a new policy, which recognised housing as a basic human need and provision of housing as the governments' fundamental responsibility. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the public housing policy in Tripoli, the capital city of Libya. To achieve this aim both secondary and primary data were examined, and the required data was obtained through a questionnaire survey of households living in the three projects. Interviews were also conducted amongst government officials concerned with housing policy and implementation. This study is in general, concerned with the effects of the problems of the new social and physical environments on the residents' level of satisfaction with the housing projects. This study is mainly concerned with aspects of housing policy which might contribute to better housing satisfaction and which are responsive to changes in people's desires and preferences. After the evaluation process it is found that the Libyan housing policy has benefited large groups of people, particularly those on low-income. However, it also suggests that the adopted policy has not resolved the housing problems both in terms of quantity and quality. In particular, the dwellings provided have not met the needs of many Libyan families. Furthermore, the study found that there is a lack of housing management. This evident from some households living in the dwellings without permission in addition, the rate of sharing and occupancy shows that there is still a housing shortage. The study also shows that the dwelling and building construction types affect the resident attitudes to dwellings. Also shows that, most of the residents' prefer new dwellings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Abdu, Hussein Ramadan. "Italian loanwords in colloquial Libyan Arabic as spoken in the Tripoli region." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184333.

Full text

Abstract:

Italian loadwords in Libyan Arabic have not received the attention and concern they deserve despite their number, high frequency, and wide use by all Libyans at all levels for more than one and a half centuries. This study attempts to record as many Italian loanwords in Libyan Arabic as possible as reported by the Libyan students and their spouses in the United States, to establish a linguistic criterion for the identification of these loanwords in Libyan Arabic, to determine the semantic adaptations they have undergone, and to verify their recognition and use by the students and their spouses. A list of 1000 words suspected to be Italian loanwords were collected through direct observation of Libyan speech, including my own as a native speaker of the dialect, by use of informants and intensive reading. The words were then checked against their possible native models in Italian through the use of Italian dictionaries and consultation with native Italian speakers, most of whom are linguists or language teachers. The list was reduced to 682 words, which were used in the questionnaire sent to 290 Libyan students and their spouses in the United States. From the 148 replies to the questionnaire, it is found that on the average 75% of the respondents know all the 684 words and 58% of them use them. About 82% of the loanwords have literary or colloquial Arabic equivalents. About 55% had presumably entered Libyan Arabic or Libyan Arabic speakers were exposed to them during the 1911-1970 period, which marks the Italian occupation of Libya, 5% between 1832-1910, and 5% between 1970-1985. About 93% of the Italian loanwords are nouns, 7% adjectives, 1% verbs, 0.8% adverbs, and 0.5% interjections. Meanings of most of the loanwords are more pervasive in Italian than in Libyan Arabic. It was also found that most of the loanwords had adopted Arabic grammatical rules for tense formation and inflection for number or gender.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ghenghesh, Pauline. "The motivation of learners of English and Arabic at an international school in Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416748.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

El-belazie, Jalal Ramadan. "The role of heritage tourism in the regeneration of the historic core of Tripoli (Libya)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405350.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Al-Asfar, Mohamed Ali. "Direct satellite braodcasting: its impact on the audiences for local television channels in Tripoli Libya." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490058.

Full text

Abstract:

Direct satellite broadcasting is considered to be a very important stage in mass media development. It is a way of sending television programmes from the earth to orbiting satellites, which then directly transfer these programmes by their converters to small dishes fixed to the roofs and outside walls of domestic buildings. Television sets inside the buildings are linked to these dishes and their owners can, thus, watch an almost unlimited number of programmes from all over the world. The only apparatus needed to do this is a receiver, a satellite dish and a television set. Libya's location in North Africa, and its proximity to southern Europe, makes it easy for Libyan audiences to receive satellite channels from many satellites in orbit. A visitor to any Libyan city, town, or village would notice the various types of satellite dishes, of different sizes and shapes, dominating the skyline above private and public buildings. The satellite channels started to spread in Libya at the beginning of the 1990s, increasing after the prices of the apparatus fell, especially after 1997. The introduction and spread of satellite broadcasting in Libya have, as a result, changed local television viewing habits. This study seeks to examine the response of Libyan audiences to direct satellite broadcasting. The effect the viewing of satellite channels has had on the viewing of local television channels is examined in this thesis. In addition, the effects of the spread of satellite channels on the Libyan television services are also considered. At the outset of this research, the researcher posed a number of questions to which he hoped to find answers. In order to address these questions, he adopted a survey study method incorporating a structured questionnaire and a series of interviews, to provide information about viewers' opinions on satellite television. The interviews were conducted with Libyan experts and specialists in the field of mass media. The respondents to the Questionnaire were 256 media students and 256 members of the general viewing public. The field study was conducted in Tripoli during the months of March, April, May and June, 2000. Some of the interviews with the media experts and specialists were conducted at the same time. The Questionnaire consisted of 36 questions designed to elicit information about satellite-channel viewing habits and other related points. The SPSS method was used to analyse the data. The results revealed the most popular days for viewing and the most popular viewing times of the sample groups; the most frequently watched programmes and the reasons for watching television in general. The satellite-channel viewing habit is widespread among Libyan audiences, which the results of this study have confirmed, with more than three-quarters of the sample groups possessing satellite dishes. The ten most frequently watched satellite channels are MBC, Aljazeera, Egyptian Channel, Dubai, Lebanese Future, Abu Dhabi, LBC, ART Channels, Nile Channel, and ANN.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

El, Bakkush Ali Fathi M. "Improving solar gain control strategies in residential buildings located in a hot climate (Tripoli-Libya)." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3115.

Full text

Abstract:

A large number of recently-built residential buildings in Libya provide a poor quality indoor environment or require a huge amount of energy to run the air conditioning, therefore influencing the thermal comfort, energy consumption and carbon emissions. As the use of energy in buildings is the major contributor to air pollution and global climate change, improving energy efficiency through the application of bioclimatic design principles in residential buildings in Libya is a critical factor in reducing energy consumption, securing thermal comfort, and hence is an effective policy for reducing the environmental impacts such as global warming and ozone layer depletion. This research assumes that the use of appropriate orientation, materials and building configuration would offer suitable solutions for energy and environmental problems in hot, arid countries. This hypothesis is examined through an example located in Libya. A domestic building in Libya was studied with a view to reducing its energy consumption. The study included detailed monitoring for 45 days continuously, followed by computer simulation of a range of intervention strategies. A field study including temperature, humidity and electricity consumption measurements was carried out and results from the study were gathered and analysed. Moreover a computer simulation model was built using IES software, a fully dynamic simulation model to investigate the potential influence of changes to the building. The thermal comfort of users in a residential building in Tripoli, Libya was investigated. Field measurements and subjective environmental perception survey were used. It was established that building design in hot arid regions must consider thermal requirements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

El-Allous, Abdelatif M. O. "The historical transformation of civic architecture : city council buildings and urban change in Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3275.

Full text

Abstract:

Since early urbanisation, governmental public architecture has dominated the urban landscape and shaped the presence and perceptions of those who work, visit and live around it due to the monumental forms, practical bureaucratic functions, embellished and practical spaces, and central urban positions often in proximity to central squares and marketplaces. Public architecture has recently seen dramatic transformations in all these physical aspects, but few studies have explored the changes in powerful invisible values such as the symbolic meanings attached to such buildings, particularly in developing countries. This thesis uses historical, observational, qualitative and quantitative data to conduct an architectural and urban spatial mapping and analysis in the Libyan capital city of Tripoli and its historical municipal buildings (TMBs) to achieve two aims: to understand the historical narrative of the development of the city centre of Tripoli in relation to the city council buildings created by previous rulers; and to trace the history and evaluate the present significance of the currently used central municipal building of Tripoli, built during Italian colonisation. This study describes the architectural, urban and socio-cultural aspects of this historical building in Tripoli city centre and also considers how powerful and actually ‘public’ and ‘civic’ this building was at the time of the research fieldwork under the Gaddafi regime in 2010. The results show that this historical Fascist-style building is still valued by the Libyan government and the public in Tripoli today. Even though the building is a place of power whose spaces do not meet the criteria of publicness identified in the literature of the public realm, it plays a significant civic role allowing citizens to encounter the regime and openly criticise their local government publically in a municipal environment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Etriki, Jalal Ibrahim. "Municipal solid waste management and institutions in Tripoli, Libya : applying the environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) concept." Thesis, University of Hull, 2013. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8239.

Full text

Abstract:

Solid waste management systems in developed countries are undergoing a transformation to a resource recovery-based model. Conversely, in many developing countries waste management is still inadequate in terms of environmental and public health. The environmentally sound technology (EST) concept, which emerged from the United Nations in the 1990s, has been suggested as a useful means to identify sustainable solid waste management systems for developing countries. The international community has promoted ESTs in an attempt to clarify the concept and facilitate their selection and use. However, in developing countries, understanding of the EST concept and technology transfer mechanisms remains elusive. The aim of this research is to investigate context-appropriate technologies for solid waste management in Libya. The research investigates the usefulness of the concept of Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Libyan context using the capital, Tripoli, as a case study. Institutional capacity theories and basic principles of ESTs transfer and adoption were employed to investigate the factors that hinder use of ESTs in the study area. A mixed methodology combining semi-structured interviews, a questionnaire survey, field observation and document analysis was used to analyse the current practices, the institutional framework, and interaction between the service users and providers. The finding indicate that the national and local institutions in the city are failing to carry out sound practices. Deficiencies were recorded in the organisational and legal framework, as well as in the financial system. Moreover the assessment of city residents towards most of the current practices was negative, and their role and contribution towards current practices were very limited. The deficiencies identified that related how the MSWM institutions interact with each other and with the service users would require substantial review in order to carry out system reform. Certain of changes are identified to influence the institutions' capacity to accommodate ESTs at the municipality level.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Tarhuni, Salem Mokhtar. "An investigation into the management of knowledge in a historic building conservation organisation in Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2314.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, knowledge has been recognised as a core organisational resource. Scholars and charters in the field of historic buildings conservation stress the development of the knowledge of staff and organisations in this field. Because of the value of HBs, their conservation work should use all the knowledge available and this work should only be undertaken by those with the appropriate knowledge and skills. This research is concerned with studying the management of knowledge in historic building (HB) conservation organisations. The research aimed to investigate the concept of knowledge management (KM), and to develop a theoretical framework for studying and understanding KM in HB conservation organisations. To achieve this aim, the following objectives were pursued: (a) investigate the concept of KM in organisations; (b) study HBs and identify the key issues involved in their conservation; (c) investigate the extent of knowledge importance and availability in the HB organisations such as Management of Historic Cities Bureau (MHCB); (d) study the factors that affect managing knowledge in the MHCB; (e) analyse the current conditions for dealing with knowledge in the MHCB; (f) draw out key findings and identify the strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats in managing the MHCB’s knowledge and, finally, develop a framework for studying KM in HB conservation organisations and suggest recommendations for effective KM in the MHCB and similar organisations. A mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative research for collecting and analysing data and information was adopted. Multi-methods were used for collecting data: literature reviews, interviews, questionnaires, observation and analysing organisational documents. Validation was undertaken by cross-checking the fieldwork findings against the wider literature. The findings demonstrated that the factors affected KM in organisations include: organisational structure, ICT, the culture of collaboration, regulations and policies, changes in the organisation’s accountability which lead to a change in its role and the need for different knowledge, and cultural/religious reasons regarding the separation of genders in the work place, which affects informal knowledge sharing activities. However, the main factors which differentiate KM in HB conservation organisations from other organisations are: type of knowledge, which includes the cultural value of HBs; dealing with external experts and organisations for acquiring and exchanging knowledge regarding HBs and their conservation, and the role of the proximity of the organisation’s headquarters to HBs in acquiring knowledge through monitoring HBs. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the balance between people-based and explicit knowledge-based KM approaches is required to effectively manage knowledge in organisations. This research presents a framework for studying and understanding KM in organisations when used in HBs conservation organisations. It considered both approaches and demonstrated several factors that influence the management of knowledge in the MHCB context. Finally, the research provides a base reference for studying and understanding KM in organisations and provides recommendations to enable decision makers in the MHCB and similar institutions to apply effective KM to improve their organisations’ performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

El-Hasumi, Asma. "Evolution of public spaces in the urban core of Tripoli, Libya : dynamics of growth and change." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/112089/.

Full text

Abstract:

Tripoli has undergone a dramatic transformation from a historical Islamic port city into a metropolis. Layers of urban interventions in the built environment mainly by Ottoman and Italian colonization and modernization reforms, each era forms a layer with its unique dynamics that distinguish the growth and change of built form and the public spaces within it. This historical research aims to understand the evolution of public spaces in the urban core of Tripoli, defined by the old medina and its context, their continuity and disruption within the urban context, by investigating the forces behind their growth and change in three layers of time: Tripoli under the Ottomans rule, Tripoli as an Italian colony, and the post-colonial era. The research design is a historical interpretive research, analysing all means of historical data (i.e. archives, Travellers’ documentation, documented movies and historical photos). The research tests an original method; A historical simulation research, by turning historical evidence (maps- photos- aerial views) into a 3D model, recreating the urban spaces and virtual-walk through in these different sets of time. This research of public spaces is an original attempt to build knowledge around public spaces by combining historical, observational, qualitative data with experiential data, to conduct an architectural and urban spatial mapping and analysis of the core area of Tripoli. A unitary approach to public spaces and its historical context. Physical, Social, Economic, Political, Temporal, and Sensorial. The research shows the historical dynamics that shaped public spaces in Tripoli. The Roman origin of the city challenged by the Ottomans. The Ottoman city segregated by the Italian colony, and how the decisions of the post colony regime have disturbed the continuity of these spaces. The research explains how public spaces took the shape they have and why some important historical spaces in Tripoli lost their momentum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Almansuri, A. A. "Climatic design as a tool to create comfortable, energy-efficient and environmentally wise built environment (Tripoli-Libya)." Thesis, University of Salford, 2010. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26536/.

Full text

Abstract:

Contemporary Libyan architecture has rarely recognized the local climate or renewable energy issues and these subjects are neglected or rarely studied. However, Libyan local vernacular architecture includes traditional solutions that have been tested over centuries, providing passive design for low energy consumption as well as creating architecture related to the local environment. This research aims to provide guidelines for architectures to consider how to incorporate climatic design in creating architecture related to the local environment that should provide more sustainable solutions in hot climate regions. The study uses the concept of sustainable development to offer a holistic perspective to establish a body of knowledge on passive climatic design that could benefit architects when designing future housing. According to this general understanding, this research project focuses on the interrelationship between passive climatic design and vernacular architecture in such situations. It aims to look at the theoretical and experimental studies that have demonstrated the usefulness of passive climatic design techniques in context with the cooling of buildings in hot regions in order to establish climatic design guidelines using Tripoli, Libya as the case example. The guidelines are developed for housing design, and take on board the opinions of end users and professionals as well as understanding building performance from the climatic point of view. Both deductive and inductive approaches have been selected where theoretical strategies are first confirmed from the existing literature which are then investigated using an array of appropriate methods (questionnaire, interviews and focus group as well as sampling the internal temperatures inside selected case study houses) to examine the thermal comfort in both vernacular and contemporary housing. Results are merged to produce guidelines that can help architects in terms of using climatic design principles in future housing in hot climate regions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Mriheel, Ibrahim Youssef. "Basin modelling of the Gabes-Tripoli basin and geology of the Farwah Group reservoirs, Western Offshore, Libya." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496686.

Full text

Abstract:

The Gabes-Tripoli Basin (G-T Basin) is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin which was initiated as a result of widespread, late Triassic-Middle Jurassic extensional movements that developed over a broad zone of strain between the African and European plates. The basin formation is probably related to strike slip movement between the western Libyan Coastal Fault System and the north margin of the basin. The basin rifting phase of lithospheric extension lasted as much as 40my. The dominant driving mechanism of subsidence seems clearly to have been subsidence due to cooling following lithospheric thinning and the tectonic subsidence history shows that a simple stretching model successfully predicts the overall characteristics of the long-term patterns of the tectonic subsidence of the basin. The sedimentary succession in the G-T Basin ranges in age from Triassic-Recent. It comprises a 10 km-thick succession of pre-rift Early-Middle Triassic, nonmarine and marine clastics, syn-rift late Triassic-Middle Jurassic, predominantly shallow marine carbonates and evaporites and Middle Jurassic-Recent post-rift marine carbonates and clastics. The tectono-stratigraphic units comprise 19 sequences on the time scale of second order sequences. For most sequences and sequence boundaries, either an eustatic or tectonically enhanced origin can be established. The analysis of the basin-fill history of the G-T Basin from the Triassic until the Holocene reveals that the basin underwent development from a continental sedimentary basin located on Gondwana to an epicratonic rift basin. When extensional movement ceased (middle Middle Jurassic), the basin subsided thermally and developed as part of a passive continental margin on the north African plate margin. The variation of heat flow over the G-T Basin from higher values at the basin centre to lower values toward the southern and northern margins is consistent with the calculated amount of crustal attenuation. Hence, the proposed stretching model is considered as paramount to the understanding of basin evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation. The G-T Basin is a passive groundwater basin and thermal conduction is the dominant mechanism of heat transport. Heat flow values range from 50-65 mW/m , typical values for granitic basement and are characteristic of the passive margin nature or thermally subsided postrift basins. The geothermal gradient of the G-T Basin ranges from 32.5 0C/km. to 45 OC/km. The geothermal gradient map shows relatively high average regional gradient at the centre of the basin and a progressive decrease from the depocentre to the basin margins. The high geothermal gradient zone at the centre of the basin coincides roughly with the zones of maximum crustal thinning in the basin. The observed organic thermal maturity measurements in the G-T Basin indicate that the pre Middle Eocene sequences are at a mature to over mature stage. The Middle-Upper Eocene Tellil sequence has attained an early mature stage while locally the Oligocene-early Miocene is in maturation stage. The rest of the Tertiary sequence is immature. The depth variation to the modelled top of the oil maturity 0.7 Ro ranges from 2000-2400m in the G-T Basin. The calculated organic maturities indicate that the early Eocene-late Cretaceous sequences are either mature or over mature with respect to the oil window. The current depth to the top of the oil window ranges from 2000 to 2400m, and the base of the oil window ranges from 3000 to 3650m. Combined geohistory and basin modelling indicates that the main phase of hydrocarbon generation from the Farwah Group source began 22.5 to 5.0 Ma. and continues until present. A relatively late generation (approximately 30-50 my after deposition) is ascribed to the lack of high palaeoheat flow and moderate burial, which is consistent with passive margin nature and post-rift thermally subsiding basin. Time of oil generation varies widely from the depocentre to the northern and southern margins of the basin depending on the heat flow variations. Geochemical analysis and basin modelling have confirmed the source potentiality of the early Eocene-late Cretaceous sequences to generate and expel hydrocarbon in the study area. Hydrocarbon has been generated in a wide span of time from several proven late Cretaceous- Palaeogene organic rich sources. But none of the sequences younger than the early Eocene had the capability to expel out hydrocarbon in the basin. Hydrocarbon was generated from the Al Jurf and Farwah sources in the basin centre first and earlier than the basin margins by about 15my. Hydrocarbon generation commenced about 30my from the Al Jurf Formation and at 22.5my from the Farwah source in the basin centre. At the basin margins, however, it began to generate 15my later from both principal sources. Thus, the earlier generated hydrocarbon at the basin centre has been subjected to secondary thermal cracking and as a result, huge gas accumulations have been discovered at the central parts of the G-T Basin. The Jirani Dolomite was formed during relative fall in sea-level in middle Ypresian (early Eocene) times, in shallow, hypersaline lagoons on a restricted shallow shelf. Petrographic studies , show that dolornitization proceeded in three stages. Stage I involved penecontemporaneous/early diagenetic dolornitization under hypersaline seepage reflux conditions. Stage II dolornitization, mainly confined to the non-anhydritic facies, was probably formed in the mixing zone between meteoric and seawater, probably at shallow depths of burial. Stage III dolornitization, which is volumetrically unimportant occurred at depth in the late stage of basin evolution, causing some filling of mouldic and vuggy porosity by medium crystalline, saddle dolomite. Evidence of mixing zone dolornitization indicates that the Jirani Dolomite was exposed subaerially. Exposure of the deposits to flushing by meteoric waters explains the dissolution of large portions of the anhydrite from the non-anhydritic dolomite facies, and the development of excellent reservoir characters in this facies, which make it one of the most important reservoir rocks in the offshore region. The most common porosity includes intercrystal, vuggy and mouldic types. Porosity are of both predolornitization and syndolornitization origins but the later appears to be the most dominant. Hence, reservoir quality is largely controlled by fluid dynamics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Al, Ghafal Suaad Mohamed Omar [Verfasser]. "The Ottoman Province of Tripoli ( Libya) in German Politics between 1884 and 1918 / Suaad Mohamed Omar Al Ghafal." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155761154/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Elkekli, Fuzia Taher. "The identity of the Medina, Tripoli, Libya| Conservation and urban planning from the nineteenth century to the present." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3667721.

Full text

Abstract:

The Medina of Tripoli, Libya, is a very ancient walled city that has a history of change, development, deterioration, conservation, and preservation to its fabric. Influenced by various foreign groups (Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Muslims, Spanish, Ottomans, Karamanlis), its architectural styles include ancient and traditional structures, as well as modern Western style or acculturation architecture. The purpose of the Medina as a place of habitation has changed over the years because of many factors including residents moving out of the Medina, fluctuating preservation, the changes in government policy when each new ruling entity had its particular laws and regulations, and some distortion of the economy due to the oil revenues. The place has no long-term plan or vision applied to it—either from within or from without. This study, the first of its kind in North Africa to collect information by using surveys and mental maps, convert the information into geographic information system (GIS) data, and come to definite conclusions about the Medina's situation. The entire research focused on four areas (the Islamic buildings, common routes of transportation, areas of deterioration, and population densities within Tripoli's Medina), but this document focused on the deterioration in the city while analyzing its urban informality, the residents' rights to live in the city, and property categories. This study helped to clarify the current situation and provide input to planners in post-uprising Libya. Key words: Medina, geographic information system (GIS), urban informality, conservation, urban planning.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Khmag, Abdulhakim Emhemad. "Fuzzy land cover change detection and validation : a comparison of fuzzy and Boolean analyses in Tripoli City, Libya." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27811.

Full text

Abstract:

This research extends fuzzy methods to consider the fuzzy validation of fuzzy land cover data at the sub-pixel level. The study analyses the relationships between fuzzy memberships generated by field survey and those generated from the classification of remotely sensed data. In so doing it examines the variations in the relationship between observed and predicted fuzzy land cover classes. This research applies three land cover classification techniques: Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy c-means and Boolean classification, and develops three models to determine fuzzy land cover change. The first model is dependent on fuzzy object change. The second model depends on the sub-pixel change through a fuzzy change matrix, for both fuzzy sets and fuzzy c-means, to compute the fuzzy change, fuzzy loss and fuzzy gain. The third model is a Boolean change model which evaluates change on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The results show that using a fuzzy change analysis presents a subtle way of mapping a heterogeneous area with common mixed pixels. Furthermore, the results show that the fuzzy change matrix gives more detail and information about land cover change and is more appropriate than fuzzy object change because it deals with sub-pixel change. Finally the research has found that a fuzzy error matrix is more suitable than an error matrix for soft classification validation because it can compare the membership from the field with the classified image. From this research there arise some important points: • Fuzzy methodologies have the ability to define the uncertainties associated with describing the phenomenon itself and the ability to take into consideration the effect of mixed pixels. • This research compared fuzzy sets and fuzzy c-means, and found the fuzzy set is more suit-able than fuzzy c-means, because the latter suffers from some disadvantages, chiefly that the sum of membership values of a data point in all the clusters must be one, so the algorithm has difficulty in handling outlying points. • This research validates fuzzy classifications by determining the fuzzy memberships in the field and comparing them with the memberships derived from the classified image.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sufeljen, Abdusalam. "Microclimate and thermal comfort of public enclosed courtyards in hot dry regions, with special reference to Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14122/.

Full text

Abstract:

With increasing concerns about the implications of climate change and urbanisation, there has been an increased public interest in the quality of urban open spaces in many countries because of its importance for daily people’s lives and urban environment. Recent studies in this field have shown that the microclimatic conditions are very important for people’s comfort in urban open spaces and, therefore, for the use of these spaces. Studying microclimate and thermal conditions in urban open spaces has been increased in the past years. The relationship between the microclimate, thermal comfort and the built urban form is still not understood very well. Further research in this aspect is needed. The courtyard is one of the open space types widely used in the countries of North Africa, Middle East and South Europe. The courtyard is often referred to in literature as a microclimate modifier. Because of this, many studies have been conducted in order to investigate its thermal environment. The majority of these studies dealt with the courtyard as a private space as a part of a building that can contribute to improve the indoor thermal conditions of the surrounding covered areas (its main function is to provide daylight and ventilation into the covered spaces). This study focuses on a particular type of courtyard. It deals with public enclosed courtyards which combine the features of the courtyards and public squares. This type of courtyard is not limited to provide only natural ventilation and natural daylight for the surrounding buildings, but it is mainly designed to offer a public place to perform a variety of activities for people such as social interactions, culture events, recreation, playing, business and many other activities. To the best of my knowledge, there have been no studies done on the microclimate and thermal comfort of courtyards with similar designs (function), particularly in hot dry regions. This study is conducted in Libya where the courtyard is the most common architectural pattern in its cities through all periods of the history. It is conducted in Libya where there is no published research on outdoor thermal comfort. This study investigated the microclimate, thermal comfort and the relationship with the built urban form of public enclosed courtyards in Tripoli city. The general purpose of this study was to develop a database of the thermal environment and subjective responses of people in existing public open spaces in a hot dry climate. The methodology used for this purpose was field studies. Two short-term field surveys were conducted in the two extreme seasons in Libya, one in the cool season day-time and the other one in the hot season day-time. A further field survey was performed during the hot season night-time, where no such study has been conducted in courtyards at this time in the past. In these field studies, extensive environmental measurements have been carried out in parallel to questionnaire surveys with the users of the selected case study sites. Six varied public enclosed courtyards representing three different architecture and urban-built forms of Tripoli city (old city, colonial city, and post-colonial city), were selected for the purpose of this study. The results showed that during both seasons, the microclimatic conditions in the studied courtyards were varied depending mainly on the amount of solar radiation received by their surfaces. Spatial characteristics (architectural form, geometry and surface materials and colours) had important roles in shaping the microclimates of the studied sites during both seasons. The results also showed that the distribution of thermal sensation votes, overall comfort votes and thermal preference votes were different for both seasons, as well as for the sites. Air temperature and then wind speed were found to be the most important determinants of people comfort. The findings of the study also revealed that summer night-time is considered to be of concern for urban thermal comfort in outdoor environments in Tripoli. In general, the findings confirmed a strong relationship between the built urban form (spatial characteristics of the sites), the microclimatic conditions and people’s comfort.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Elkekli, Fuzia Taher. "The Identity Of The Medina, Tripoli, Libya: Conservation And Urban Planning From The Nineteenth Century To The Present." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338903.

Full text

Abstract:

The Medina of Tripoli, Libya, is a very ancient walled city that has a history of change, development, deterioration, conservation, and preservation to its fabric. Influenced by various foreign groups (Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Muslims, Spanish, Ottomans, Karamanlis), its architectural styles include ancient and traditional structures, as well as modern Western style or acculturation architecture. The purpose of the Medina as a place of habitation has changed over the years because of many factors including residents moving out of the Medina, fluctuating preservation, the changes in government policy when each new ruling entity had its particular laws and regulations, and some distortion of the economy due to the oil revenues. The place has no long-term plan or vision applied to it--either from within or from without. This study, the first of its kind in North Africa to collect information by using surveys and mental maps, convert the information into geographic information system (GIS) data, and come to definite conclusions about the Medina's situation. The entire research focused on four areas (the Islamic buildings, common routes of transportation, areas of deterioration, and population densities within Tripoli's Medina), but this document focused on the deterioration in the city while analyzing its urban informality, the residents' rights to live in the city, and property categories. This study helped to clarify the current situation and provide input to planners in post-uprising Libya.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Remali, Adel Muhammad. "Capturing the essence of the capital city : urban form and urban life in the city centre of Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25567.

Full text

Abstract:

The main aim of this research is to build a body of knowledge, which would lead to understand the relationship between socio-cultural practices and urban form within the city centre of Tripoli. The research analyses the urban form of Tripoli by comparing three areas of the city centre, which have different origin, history and layout, at the scale of the neighbourhood and urban block. The research firstly applies a quantitative approach to urban morphology through the use of two sets of indices that identify and calculate the patterns of street network and urban blocks. Secondly, the thesis investigates how the quality of street front affects social interaction in different urban patterns, based on street centrality. Finally, the research defines constitutedness, including building permeability and typological depth as well as street intervisibility, which define the relationship between public and private spaces. Aspects of the investigation includes: the historical development of the city centre of Tripoli as well as the role of Islamic principles in shaping the social life and the built environment in the traditional urban form. The research proposes a methodology for the representation of Tripoli urban fabric. This method mirrors a structural approach to urban morphology, in that it selectively only represents those aspects of the urban form (spatial factors) that may result being connected by permanent spatial relationships. “Permanent”, in this context, means recurrent in space (geography) and time (history) within relatively large and defined geographical and historical domains. Supposed permanent relationships are therefore both extrapolated and tested by means of an evidence-based approach grounded on real case analysis. The case analysis is conducted at the street neighbourhood and block scale. The research seeks to identify the process of transformation that has occurred in the evolution of the urban form through comparing three samples that typically represent different periods in the history of the city’s formation. These samples are; the traditional neighbourhood represented by the Old Town, and the colonial urban fabric including Italian and British neighbourhoods. The findings will show how the morphology of the traditional and colonial fabrics differ, how the differences modify recurrent spatial relationships and how such modification took place in history, leading to the transformation of two important urban elements; the urban block and street structures. This research argues that rather than extensive transplantation of foreign urban models, it is essential to understand local structural principles and implement them into the design of future developments in order to maintain a sense of continuity and cultural identity while responding to contemporary life requirements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Gharssalla, M. "Exploring the use and the role of the Internet in Libya : a study of Tripoli University and Azzaway University students." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2018. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3028619/.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this research is to explore the role of the Internet in Libyan society by understanding use of the Internet by the Libyan university students aged between 18-26 who are at Tripoli and Azzawya Universities, which are located in urban and rural areas respectively. The main contribution of this study is that it provides an understanding of the developments that might happen as a result of new communication technologies, especially the Internet. In order to address this research question, a mixed method approach, including quantitative analysis, was adopted to collect and analyse the main data. It used paper and online surveys of 861 students from both universities. It was followed by complementary qualitative interviews with five young Libyan parents and five media experts, and also thematic analysis of nine articles. The results are discussed in five sections: (A) level of Internet use and experience, and (B) purposes of using the Internet and online gratification; (C) anticipation of social, cultural and political online interactivities; (D) online daily interactivity; and (E) the potential development of a "new type of society" in the information age. The study found that the Internet is important in the lives of male and female Libyan university students in both urban and rural areas and it is playing an important role in developing their social, cultural and political lives. The Internet has an important role in the university students' lives in developing their social, cultural and political aspects, which may lead to the emergence of a "new society" where they achieve social, cultural and political gratification and interact with an open world culture. The findings of this research offer recommendations which can improve understanding of the Internet's role in society. These include investigating, testing and analysing the role of the Internet in different sectors in society, institutions and organisations, for example within the education system, media environments and commercial departments, in order to measure the role of new communication technologies in developing countries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Elshukri, Mohamed A. H. "Development and land management in semi-arid cities : approaches to sustainable development with particular reference to the city of Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325500.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ben, Wazira Lotfia Bachir. "Le sous-développement social et les violences contre les femmes dans la société libyenne avant le "printemps arabe" (2011) : enquête sur la ville de Tripoli." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1021.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette recherche porte sur la "violence faites aux femmes" en Libye, et plus précisément à Tripoli. Depuis plusieurs années, cette question est interrogée sur les scènes nationale et internationale, donnant lieu à l'adoption de plusieurs textes législatifs. Pourtant, malgré cela, les crimes sexistes continuent de se pratiquer dans les pays développés mais aussi et plus particulièrement dans les pays pauvres. Afin d’étudier le lien entre ces violences et l"état de sous-développement, cette thèse présentera dans une première partie, le champ théorique de l'enquête avant d’expliquer, dans une seconde partie, les particularités du terrain d'enquête, à savoir la société libyenne. Les données concernant les conditions d’existences des femmes, et la législation touchant leur statut permettront, dans le cadre d'une troisième partie, d'analyser les résultats obtenus à un questionnaire soumis à un panel de 45 hommes condamnés ou en attente de jugement, pour le commission d'actes de violence envers les femmes This research concerns the "violence against women" committed in Libya. For years, this question has been asked on the national and international scene, resulting in the adoption of several law. Yet, despite this, gender-based crimes continue to be practiced in developed countries but also and especially in poor countries. To investigate the link between the violence and the state of underdevelopment, this thesis will present, in a first part, the theorical scope of the study before, in a second part, explaining the characteristics of the field survey : the Liban society. The data concerning the liffe conditions of women, and legislations affecting their will, in the third part, permit to analyse the results to a questionnaire sent to a panel of 45 men, convicted or awaiting judgement for the commission of acts of violence again women

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ali, Akeel Ellafi. "Examination of effects of expanding cities on peri-urban agricultural areas : implications on farmers' livelihoods in Qarabulli District in the eastern part of Tripoli, Libya." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2017. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34004/.

Full text

Abstract:

Many countries in the southern hemisphere are still in the process of developing. In North Africa to be specific, the development process is bringing about various degrees of land use and land cover changes which are having various levels of impact on people’s lives both in urban and peri-urban areas among others. The core causes of these changes vary, but literature indicates that the process of urbanization is the main cause since as cities and town areas urbanization, deforestation, soil erosion and the sale of land by rural farmers are encouraged. Implications of land use and land cover changes are broad and vary across geographies. It is the variations of the impact of such changes that motivated this researcher to conduct this research with the aim of analyzing effects of urbanization and expanding cities on the surrounding agricultural area. The research zeroed in on trying to understand how peri urban farmers and their livelihoods are being impacted by various land use and land cover changes that are emerging from the expansion of Tripoli, the capital of Libya. This study examined the impact, both positive and negative, that the expansion of Tripoli has had on the livelihoods of these rural households in Qarabulli. It further sought to identify the way affected farmers and households cope and react to the various changes the expansion of Tripoli is exposing them to. The research also looked at the context in which the poor rural households pursue livelihoods, and discussed factors that make their livelihoods vulnerable. The forms of capitals, named livelihood assets, available to the rural households are also examined. The livelihood outcomes of the farmers, the strategies and the coping measures employed by affected peri urban farmers are identified and discussed. Through the utilization of a mixed methods research approach, a mix of qualitative and quantitative data were collected, and analyzed. Data collection was done in two stages. The first stage looked at land use and land cover changes through a critical analysis of land degradation and this was done using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques. Image Classification, multi-temporal Landsat TM, and ETM+ imagery were used to determine and detect land use and land cover changes during the periods 1986 to 2009. The second stage of the research data collection process, collected qualitative data using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) methods to explore farmers’ experiences and feelings on how the land use changes are impacting their livelihoods. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS techniques, the study area is divided into four categories: urban area, forest land, irrigated farmland and bare land. Land use and land cover changes during the years 1986 and 2009 were noted and analyzed based on satellite images. The study found that throughout 1986 up to 2009, the size of land classified originally as urban area changed from the original size of 4,997 hectares to 9,653 hectares while within the same time span, land originally classified as forest land reduced in size by 1,793 hectares. Further to these changes, land classified as bare land increased in size by 2,353 ha while the original size of land classified as irrigated farmland reduced by nearly 2,204 hectares. These observed changes are significant, hence pose a growing threat to agricultural land in Libya which could impact food production and water quantity and quality thus potentially destabilizing food sufficiency and sustainability of the whole nation. Key findings concerned the identification of water quality and quantity as the main challenges faced the agricultural sector. As a way of managing this problem, the farmers asked for a speedy intervention of the Libyan government through greater regulation and investment in the agricultural sector. Further to the land use and land cover changes that were noted through the use and analysis of the satellite images, the study also noted that livelihoods of rural farmers in the periphery of Tripoli are threatened by the expansion of the city. The expansion, which is the core reason why the images are displaying the various changes noted, confirm that land originally used for agriculture has changed its use and is now used as urban land where urban settlements and associated infrastructure have been constructed thus making farmers lose the land on which rural households activities were being conducted. The study also found that there are both positive and negative outcomes to the rural households when cities like Tripoli expand. The expansion of Tripoli enabled some of the affected households to access new livelihoods through migration and securing of alternative sources of income in the urban area. On the other hand, the loss of land by the farmers means that there is shortage of land for agriculture. Coupled with poor water and soil qualities, the direct consequences of reduced farming activities have been low food production at household level which has negatively affected rural people’s livelihoods. The study is the first of its kind to be conducted in Libya and among others differs from other studies conducted on urbanization and livelihoods area in Libya because of the nature of study methods. No study prior to this has ever employed a combination of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) strategies, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) approaches in one study that sought to better understand the impact of land use and land cover changes on livelihoods of peri-urban farmers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jubr, Soad. "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Assessing the level of knowledge and perceived challenges to early diagnosis and intervention among general practitioners in the city of Tripoli, Libya." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29242.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important global health problem. It has been shown that early diagnosis and intervention can improve the outcomes in affected children. Lack of knowledge about ASD among health care practitioners can delay the identification of children with ASD as well as early intervention. Currently, a dearth of epidemiological information exists regarding ASD in Africa. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of general practitioners (GPs) in Libya regarding ASD and to identify perceived challenges by GPs to early diagnosis and intervention of children with ASD in Libya. The study included the working GPs in the city of Tripoli. Methodology This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 1st June 2017 to 31st August 2017 and utilized an electronic platform, the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) from the University of Cape Town to collect study information. The Knowledge about Childhood Autism among Healthcare Workers (KCAHW) is validated questionnaire that explores health care worker knowledge about ASD across four domains. The KCAHW was used in combination with a more detailed questionnaire which explored challenges to early identification and interventions by GP’s in Libya. Descriptive statistics are reported in percentages and the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to explore relationships between domain knowledge scores with age and gender as well as years of experience as a GP. Results The number of surveys returned to the REDCap application survey site was 215 which represent a response rate of 58.1%. However, the number of complete responses which could be included in data analysis was found to be only 62, indicating an overall response rate of 16.7%. The median age of the participants was 30 years old, IQR (29-33) years with a female predominance amongst participants (n= 55, 89%). The total median score from the knowledge questionnaire was 10, IQR (8- 12). No statistical differences could be found between domain knowledge scores and participants' age, gender and work practice. Participants showed good knowledge about stereotypical movements and repetitive behaviours in ASD, but 48% were not aware of comorbidities associated with ASD. The main challenges identified by GPs in the management of ASD were lack of awareness, insufficient experience, and health infrastructure in Libya as well as social stigma associated with developmental disorders. Conclusion and recommendations GPs in Libya have limited knowledge about certain aspects of ASD. A number of challenges were identified by GPs which hamper the early identification and management of ASD in Libya. There is a need to improve undergraduate medical training about ASD as well as to offer ongoing medical education to GP’s to improve recognition and management of ASD in Libya. Further research is indicated to explore the epidemiology, clinical spectrum and severity of ASD as well as intervention in Libya

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Elhatab, Nesrin M. "The community pharmacist's role enhancing medicines management for type II diabetes in Tripoli, Libya : a randomised controlled trial in community pharmacy to investigate knowledge and practice in relation to type II diabetes and glycaemic control." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15903.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim/Objectives: There were two aims; improving type II diabetes glycaemic control; and enhancing the role of community pharmacists by engaging them in type II diabetes medicine management. Methods: This quantitative study collected data from both community pharmacists and patients. In a premises survey, 426 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to community pharmacies. In a knowledge survey, 125 questionnaires were distributed to community pharmacists. In a clinical trial, 40 community pharmacies were randomly assigned to be control (18) and intervention (22) premises. Each pharmacy recruited 4 or 5 patients with type II diabetes. 225 patients were recruited and assigned to receive usual pharmacist care (n=100) or a pre-defined pharmacist intervention (n=125). Results: Community pharmacists had good knowledge of diabetes with average scores 21/29 (±3.18). The differences between control and intervention groups in patients' HbA1c and FPG changes were not significant. In the intervention group patients' diabetes knowledge was significantly improved (p=0.031). In the intervention group HbA1c and FPG improved significantly and in the control group FPG improved significantly and HbA1c did not. Patients' self-reported self-management activities improved significantly around blood glucose measurements (p < 0.001) and physical exercising (p=0.001). Attitudes around the value of tight control of diabetes improved (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that community pharmacists in Libya may have the ability to improve type II diabetes care. The primary outcomes were not improved in intervention versus control. The before/after analysis showed significant improvement in primary outcomes in the intervention group and also in one of the primary outcomes in the control group. Patients' self-reported self-care activities and attitudes improved significantly in the intervention group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Elhatab, Nesrin M. "The Community Pharmacists’ Role Enhancing Medicines Management for Type II Diabetes in Tripoli, Libya. A Randomised Controlled Trial in Community Pharmacy to Investigate Knowledge and Practice in Relation To Type II Diabetes and Glycaemic Control." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15903.

Full text

Abstract:

Aim/Objectives: There were two aims; improving type II diabetes glycaemic control; and enhancing the role of community pharmacists by engaging them in type II diabetes medicine management. Methods: This quantitative study collected data from both community pharmacists and patients. In a premises survey, 426 self-administered questionnaires were distributed to community pharmacies. In a knowledge survey, 125 questionnaires were distributed to community pharmacists. In a clinical trial, 40 community pharmacies were randomly assigned to be control (18) and intervention (22) premises. Each pharmacy recruited 4 or 5 patients with type II diabetes. 225 patients were recruited and assigned to receive usual pharmacist care (n=100) or a pre-defined pharmacist intervention (n=125). Results: Community pharmacists had good knowledge of diabetes with average scores 21/29 (±3.18). The differences between control and intervention groups in patients' HbA1c and FPG changes were not significant. In the intervention group patients' diabetes knowledge was significantly improved (p=0.031). In the intervention group HbA1c and FPG improved significantly and in the control group FPG improved significantly and HbA1c did not. Patients' self-reported self-management activities improved significantly around blood glucose measurements (p<0.001) and physical exercising (p=0.001). Attitudes around the value of tight control of diabetes improved (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that community pharmacists in Libya may have the ability to improve type II diabetes care. The primary outcomes were not improved in intervention versus control. The before/after analysis showed significant improvement in primary outcomes in the intervention group and also in one of the primary outcomes in the control group. Patients' self-reported self-care activities and attitudes improved significantly in the intervention group.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Benelimam, Ghada. "Un expérimentation visant l'amélioration de la situation de l'enseignement/apprentissage du français en Libye : l'introduction de documents authentiques dans une classe de français langue étrangère à l'université de Tripoli." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958818.

Full text

Abstract:

Nettement moins présent que l'anglais, le français, en tant que langue étrangère, n'est actuellement enseigné, en Libye, qu'à l'université. Cependant, la formation délivrée, notamment à l'Université de Tripoli ne permet pas aux apprenants - parce que le département manque totalement de matériel et de moyens, parce que les enseignants ont rarement reçu une formation didactique, parce que les modalités d'enseignement/apprentissage restent transmissives - d'acquérir les compétences nécessaires pour communiquer avec des natifs. Pensant que l'intégration de documents authentiques pouvait être une solution pertinente et efficace pour améliorer l'enseignement/apprentissage du FLE en Libye et faire évoluer les pratiques de classe, nous avons conduit, en 2012, une expérimentation d'introduction de documents authentiques avec un groupe expérimental composé d'étudiants de niveau B1 qui en étaient à leur dernière année de formation à l'Université de Tripoli. Une introduction qui s'avère probante, à nos yeux, aux yeux des étudiants et au vu des résultats, parce qu'elle suscite intérêt et motivation, permet de diversifier les supports d'apprentissage, de rompre avec les pratiques ordinaires d'enseignement et parce qu'elle développe des compétences communicative, culturelle et interculturelle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Awidan, Gamal Farag. "De l'urbanisme étatique à la gouvernance urbaine : l'exemple de Tripoli (Libye)." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1033.

Full text

Abstract:

La ville de Tripoli exprime, de façon remarquable, la mutation urbaine qu’a connue la Libye. En l’espace de quelques décennies, elle est passée d’une petite cité, entourée de quelques kilomètres de murailles, au rang de première ville du pays avec plus d’un million d’habitants. À l’origine de cette expansion, il y a l’action étatique qui, à travers une série de mesures ou de dispositifs, a changé la physionomie de la capitale. Expliquer cette évolution, c’est insister sur la rupture commencée avec la mise en place d’une forte décentralisation au milieu des années 1970, et qui s’est renforcée la décennie suivante par une crise socioéconomique, due à la baisse des prix du pétrole et à l’embargo décrété par les Nations Unies. La politique menée, à base de grands schémas et de plans directeurs, n’ayant pas donné les résultats escomptés, le pouvoir central va alors tenter d’associer à son action, différents acteurs (municipalités, comités de quartiers, habitants…) afin de combler la demande en logements. Désormais, l’État cherche à limiter son intervention à des aides financières, à favoriser les conditions d’investissement dans ce secteur, à encourager l’épargne immobilière. Ces nouvelles orientations visent à impliquer les habitants dans la gestion courante. Cette thématique de la gouvernance urbaine, entendue au sens de la participation de la population à régler les problèmes qui se posent au quotidien, à façonner leur environnement, à concevoir leur ville, mérite d’être questionnée. Notre recherche, qui prend appui sur une enquête de terrain effectuée dans différents quartiers de Tripoli, se propose d’analyser ces mutations dans une perspective interactionniste The city of Tripoli expressed remarkably, the urban transformation had known Libya. Within a few decades it has grown from a small town, surrounded by a few kilometers of walls, to the rank of first city in the country with more than one million inhabitants. The origin of this expansion is the state’s action which, through a series of measures, has changed the face of the capital. Explaining this evolution could be find in the introduction of a highly decentralization in the mid-1970s, which has been strengthened for the next decade by a socio-economic crisis due to falling oil prices and the imposed embargo by the United Nations on Libya. The policy carried out, based on major schemes and plans, had not reached the expected results, the central government will then try to work closely with different actors (municipalities, districts committees, inhabitants. . . ) in order to fill the demand for housing. But from now on, the state seeks to limit its intervention in financial aid to promote conditions for investment in this sector, to encourage saving in real estate. These new orientations aim to involve inhabitants in everyday management. This theme of urban governance, in the sense of popular participation in resolving problems that arise in everyday life, to shape their environment, to design their city deserves to be questioned. Our research, which based on a field survey conducted in different districts of Tripoli, is to analyze these mutations in interaction perspective

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Lafi, Nora. "Tripoli de Barbarie (1795-1911) : genèse et pérennité de l'institution municipale." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10103.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'histoire urbaine de Tripoli, en Libye actuelle, de la fin du XVIIIe s. Au début du XXe siècle. Il s'agit d'étudier les formes locales des pouvoirs urbains. La thèse a pu montrer l'existence d'une institution traditionnelle, la machikha al-bilad, composée d'une assemblée des notables, la jama'a al-bilad, et dirigée par le Cheikh Al-Bilad. Figure centrale dans la vie de la cité, le Cheikh Al-Bilad était le dépositaire de ce qui apparaît comme une préfiguration de l'autorité municipale. Il avait de nombreuses compétences urbaines et était au coeur des affaires de la ville. Dans cette thèse, l'histoire urbaine de Tripoli est abordée sous l'angle d'une analyse de l'évolution de ces institutions du pouvoir local, à partir surtout d'un corpus d'archives en arabe et de l'étude de diverses autres sources, par exemple de chroniques en arabe. Il a ainsi été possible de montrer l'importance de ces institutions, puis d'analyser leur devenir au cours de la période des réformes municipales ottomanes des années 1860 et 1870. L'étude des institutions locales traditionnelles dans une ville qui échappe plus longtemps que d'autres tant à la tutelle du pouvoir central ottoman qu'à l'emprise des puissances coloniales et impérialistes a ainsi permis de réfléchir à la confrontation de la ville arabe à la modernité et de montrer que cette modernité ne passe pas forcément par des relais ottomans ou européens, mais peut émaner de la société locale elle-même. Autour du thème de la municipalité, de ses racines locales et des dynamiques qui ont suscité son évolution, les problématiques de la modernité et de la modernisation sont donc étudiées dans le but de comprendre comment l'élite locale, les pouvoirs dans lesquels elle s'incarne et les différents pouvoirs extérieurs se sont confrontés. Il en ressort une vision de la ville arabe qui montre la grande continuité entre des pouvoirs locaux en cours de modernisation et une municipalité moderne imposée de l'extérieur.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Ahbiel, Mohamed Omar. "La violence scolaire : enquête sur les lycées à Tripoli." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1029.

Full text

Abstract:

La structure de cette thèse se compose de trois grandes parties. Dans la première, nous essayons de définir et de caractériser le concept de violence scolaire avant d’aborder les principaux travaux sociologiques, tant européens que nord-américains, traitant de ce sujet. Dans un second moment, nous présentons très brièvement la Libye et son système éducatif. Nous faisons également état de la condition des enfants et des adolescents confrontés à ces problèmes de délinquance. La connaissance de tous ces éléments est indispensable pour le traitement et l’analyse des données présentées dans un troisième et dernier temps, qui s’ouvre par la présentation de la méthodologie utilisée dans notre enquête, afin de passer ensuite à l’analyse des questionnaires (341 pour les élèves, 142 pour les adultes) et des entretiens recueillis (respectivement 41 et 27) au sein de cinq lycées à Tripoli The structure of this thesis consists of three big parts. In the first one, we try to define and characterize the concept of school violence before approaching the main sociological works, so European as North American, dealing with this subject. In the second, we present very briefly Libya and its educational system. We also state the condition of the children and the teenagers confronted to these problems of crimes. The knowledge of all those elements is indispensable for the treatment and the analysis of data presented in the third and the last, which began with the presentation of the methodology used in our inquiry, then the data analysis from questionnaires (341 for the pupils, 142 for the adults) and collected interviews (respectively, 41 and 27) within five secondary schools in Tripoli

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Hmoda, Adres. "Tripoli à l'époque fatimide : vie politique, économique et sociale." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE4005.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette étude se consacre à la ville de Tripoli durant le règne fatimide (297/909), du point de vue politique, économique et social. Sous les Fatimides, la ville de Tripoli a connu plusieurs révoltes nourries par la différence doctrinale entre sunnites et chiites d’un côté, et chiites et kharidjites d’un autre, ce qui a conduit le pouvoir (chiite) à user de la force afin d’imposer son autorité sur la ville. Les Fatimides considéraient Tripoli comme un point important qu’il faille garder et protéger, car c’est un point d’appui pour se développer vers l’est vers Barqa et l’Égypte. Après le transfert du pouvoir Fatimide au Caire en 362/973, Tripoli est restée directement liée au pouvoir, alors que les autres villes de l’Ifrîqiya étaient sous le pouvoir ziride qui gouvernait la région au nom des Fatimides. Cette situation a permis aux Berbères de Zenata, ennemis des Zirides, d’établir une entité politique, à travers la famille des Bani khazroun qui ont gouverné Tripoli de 391/1000 à 541/1146, durant cette période la situation de Tripoli fluctuait entre dépendance et autonomie vis-à-vis du pouvoir fatimide. Par ailleurs la ville de Tripoli a connu une évolution urbaine, cela se voit à travers les remparts, les portes de la ville et les ribats. La présence de mosquées intra et extra muros a contribué au développement culturel de la ville, d’ailleurs quelques personnages importants dans le domaine de la littérature, la langue, ainsi que d’autres domaines ont vécu ou étudié à Tripoli. L’étude trace aussi quelques aspects de la vie sociale de la ville et sa composition démographique constituée de Berbères, Arabes, Byzantins et Saqaliba. L’étude aborde également la vie économique de la ville qui était épanouie surtout pendant les périodes de stabilité, en s’appuyant sur des activités variées comme l’agriculture et le commerce, Tripoli était d’ailleurs très liée commercialement avec les villes de la méditerranée, ainsi qu’un point de passage incontournable pour le commerce caravanier This study is dedicated to the city of Tripoli during the Fatimid reign (297/909), in terms of political, economic and social development. Under the Fatimids, the city of Tripoli has experienced several rebellions fueled by doctrinal differences between Sunnites and Shiites on one side, and Shiites and Kharijites of another, which drove the authority to use force to control the city. The Fatimids considered Tripoli as an important point that it is necessary to guard and protect, because it is a support to develop eastward towards Barqa and Egypt. After the transfer of the power Fatimid in Cairo in 362/973, Tripoli remained directly connected to the authority of the caliph, while the other cities of Ifrîqiya were under the power of Zirids which governed the region in the name of Fatimids. This situation allowed the Berbers of Zenata, enemies of Zirids, to establish a political entity, through the family of Bani khazroun, which governed Tripoli from 391/1000 to 541/1146. During this period, the situation of Tripoli fluctuated between dependence and autonomy towards the power Fatimid. Also, the city of Tripoli knew an urban evolution; it shows through ramparts, city gates and ribats. The presence of mosques intra and extra muros contributed to the cultural development of the city. Moreover, some important figures in the field of the literature, the language, as well as the other domains lived or studied in Tripoli. The study also draws some aspects of the social life of the city and its demographic composition constituted by Berbers, Arabs, Byzantine and Saqaliba. The study also approaches the economic life of the city, which was flourished during the periods of stability, based on activities varied as agriculture, and the trade, Tripoli was very commercially linked with the cities of Mediterranean, and a major passage for the caravan trade

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Nser, Khaled. "La planification urbaine en Libye et dans sa capitale Tripoli." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5033.

Full text

Abstract:

La Libye a connu, depuis 1969, un vaste programme de développement qui a contribué à faire évoluer positivement la situation économique et sociale du territoire. Parallèlement, le pays n'a pas échappé à plusieurs phénomènes tels que l'urbanisation anarchique et l'émergence de grandes villes avec, pour conséquence, un dysfonctionnement urbain et un déséquilibre dans la répartition géographique de la population, puisqu'à l'échelle nationale, l'espace libyen est de structure monocéphale, polarisé sur le littoral, créant ainsi des disparités inter-régionales. Bien que la Libye ait appliqué plusieurs politiques d'aménagement depuis 1970 pour limiter la pression continue dans les grandes agglomérations -Tripoli en particulier- et résoudre divers problèmes d'environnement, les difficultés perdurent. Compte tenu de ces éléments, nous avons orienté notre recherche sur l'étude du phénomène d'urbanisation en relation avec les programmes de développement. Notre travail s'articule autour de trois parties. La première, théorique, permet de cerner l'ensemble des concepts et mécanismes afférant à la planification. La deuxième et la troisième analysent celle-ci en lien avec les évènements socio-historiques les plus marquants, notamment ceux se rapportant aux sites symboliques d'appartenance Since 1969, Libya benefited from a vast program of development which contributed to the development of the economic and social situation on the territory. In parallel, the country couldn't avoid several phenomena such as the anarchistic urbanization and the emergence of large cities which caused an urban dysfunction and an imbalance in the geographical distribution of the population since on the national scale. Libyan space is of monocephalic structure, polarized on the littoral, thus creating interrogional disparities. Although, since 1970, Libya applied several policies of development to limit the continuing pressure in the large cities, especially in Tripoli, and to solve the problems which emerged in those cities, the difficulties endure. According to the preceding elements, we directed our research towards the nature of the relationship between the phenomenon of urbanization and the city planning. Our work is articulated around three parts. The first part deals with theoretical issues, namely definitions of the concepts and mechanisms related to city planning. The second and the third parts refer to this phenomenon in a socio-historic perspective : we thus analyze it by underlining the importance of events which left their mark on certain symbolic sites

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Dumasy, François. "Ordonner et bâtir : construction de l'espace urbain et ordre colonial à Tripoli pendant la colonisation italienne, 1911-1940." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10066.

Full text

Abstract:

Tripoli connaît pendant la colonisation italienne une expansion importante, marquée par deux plans régulateurs et une forte croissance démographique. Il s'agit dans cette thèse d'étudier les modalités économiques, sociales et politiques de ce développement, en observant les corrélations entre l'élaboration d'un ordre social et économique reposant sur le libre investissement, et une planification conçue comme l'instrument principal de la domination politique. Contrairement à une vision de l'urbanisme colonial italien faisant des architectes et des gouverneurs les acteurs principaux de l'organisation spatiale de Tripoli, cete étude montre que ce développement a résulté d'un renforcement des clivages sociaux en faveur des propriétaires, dans un contexte de pauvreté endémique et de faiblesse financière du Gouvernement local. La ségrégation raciale et l'encadrement des habitants, promus par le fascisme, n'ont joué qu'un rôle secondaire face aux choix individuels des investisseurs locaux.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lafi, Nora. "Une ville du Maghreb entre ancien régime et réformes ottomanes : genèse des institutions municipales à Tripoli de Barbarie, 1795-1911 /." Paris ; Budapest ; Turin : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389193754.

Full text

Abstract:

Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Hist.--Aix Marseille 1, 1999. Titre de soutenance : Tripoli de Barbarie, 1795-1911, genèse et perennité des institutions municipales. En appendice, choix de documents en arabe et en français. Bibliogr. p. 13-14 et p. 247-281.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

El, Ayati Samira Mohamed. "La situation démographique en Libye : réalité et vision prospective : Tripoli, Benghazi, Mosrata et Sebha : étude de cas." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010542.

Full text

Abstract:

La Libye a connu des changements importants et disparates dans les domaines socio-économiques entraînant une répercussion sur la concentration et la répartition de la population des villes telles que Tripoli et Benghazi qui représentent les centres urbains et une concentration des plus importantes de la Libye, ce qui· a eu certaines conséquences. Nous avons effectué cette étude pour connaître les situations démographiques de la Libye. Quelles en sont ses composantes démographiques? A quel type correspond la pyramide démographique des âges? Quelles sont les perspectives de la situation démographique pour l'avenir? Dans son contexte général, l'étude contient cinq chapitres: Le premier chapitre concerne les aspects géographiques et économiques et ses effets sur la population en Libye. Le deuxième chapitre concerne la croissance démographique en Libye : ce chapitre «Informations et Données» évoque la base de données sur la situation démographique en Libye. Le troisième chapitre concerne la structure démographique de la population, la structure par sexe, par âge de la population et son taux de dépendance pour finir par les pyramides des populations de la Libye. Le quatrième chapitre concerne les changements socio-économiques de la population libyenne: le mariage, la scolarisation et l'économie. Le cinquième chapitre concerne les perspectives démographiques en Libye jusqu'à 2025. Enfin, cette étude comporte une conclusion générale et des résultats. Nous recommandons plusieurs démarches afin de permettre à la Libye de développer et d'améliorer sa situation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Budeeb, Zeddan. "Les relations diplomatiques entre la régence de Tripoli et la France (1711-1832)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10048.

Full text

Abstract:

Les contacts entre le monde europeen et tripoli datent de plusieurs siecles. Pour les relations avec la france, il a fallu attendre le xviie siecle pour que tripoli entre en rapport et conclue son premier traite. En effet, les relations de deviennent regulieres et pacifiques qu'apres une longue serie de visites d'escadres et de nombreux bombardements. La france nomma son premier consul en 16300 pour veiller sur ses nationaux et ses interets commerciaux, qui devient ensuite progressivement un veritable agent diplomatique. Bien que province ottomane, les rapports de la france avec tripoli sont en fait tres independants d'istanbul surtout a partir de l'avenement des karamanli au pouvoir en 1711. Depuis cette date jusqu'a 1835, tripoli jouit d'une quasi-independance qui lui permet d'imposer sa proprepolitique et de negocier des traites de commerce et de paix avec les puissances etrangeres loin des regards de la sublime porte. Tripoli s'est alors ouverte sur le monde exterieur et a commence a mettre en oeuvre une veritable diplomtie. Meme si les rapports entre la france et tripoli ont connu quelques difficultes avec ahmad pacha, fondateur de la dynastie, a la tete de la tripolitaine de 1711 a 1745, ils s'ameliorent surtout apres l'arrivee de yusuf pacha au pouvoir en 1795. La france de la revolution et de l'empire prolonge la meme politique a l'egard de tripoli que l'ancien regime. Malgre les troubles et les guerres entre les nations europeennes, les relations diplomatiques de la france avec la regence de tripoli ne furent pas alterees. La preeminence de la france a tripoli depuis un siecle est fortement remis en cause et combattue par l'angleterre a partie de l'echec de l'expedition d'egypte en 1801 Contacts have existed between europe and tripoli for several centuries. As to relations with france, it is not until the 17th century that tripoli signed their first treaty. In effect stable and peaceful relations were only established between the two countries after the repeated presence of french squadrons off the coast of tripoli and the occurence of bombardements. France nominated its' first consul in 1630 in order to survey its' national and commercial interests. The consul was to progressively gain the status of a fully diplomatic agent. Relations between france and tripoli did not necessarily run parallel to its' relations with constantinople especially after the coming to power of karamanly in 1711. Between this time and 1835, tripoli benefitted from a nearly total independance. Tripoli was able to impose its' own policies and negotiate commercial and peace treaties with foreign powers, opening up to the outside world, independantly of the ottoman empire. While relations between france and tripoli experienced difficulties under ahmad pacha, founder of the dynasty, they improved significantly under yusuf pacha from 1795. France's politics toward tripoli remained unchanged under the revolution and the empire. Despite the conflicts and the wars between the european nations, diplomatic relations between france and the regency of tripoli, were unaltered. Through its' counsuls in tripoli france had a significant influence on the region. During this tims english consuls established strong competition allowing england to gain. .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Hamit, Abdoulhadi. "La piste du commerce transsaharien Tripoli-Lac Tchad : étude d'anthropologie économique et historique." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081429.

Full text

Abstract:

Ce travail s'articule autour de deux principes de progression : un principe chronologique et un autre geographique. Car notre sujet concerne d'une part les faits qui se sont deroules du viiieme siecle jusqu'a nos jours concernant le temps, et d'autre part l'espace geographique qui couvre du nord au sud, les territoires de la libye et du niger, c'est a dire toutes les etapes le long de la piste tripoli-lac tchad. Ainsi notre etude s'appuiera sur quatre zones geographiques : la tripolitaine, le fezzan, le kawar et le kanem-bornou. Ce travail est une these d'anthropologie historique, et non pas une these d'histoire ou de geographie. La presentation des faits historiques et spatiaux y est donc organisee en fonction de l'analyse de l'epoque contemporaine. . . Le mahram of umme jilmi prouve que umme (1086-1097) n'est pas le premier sultan musulman. Car avant lui, le sultan bulu (1007-1023) et tous ses successeurs jusqu'a umme justement, ont lu des versets du coran. A cette epoque, c'est l'ibadisme que ceux-ci pratiquaient du fait de leurs relations avec les commercants de zawila et ceux du kawar, eux-memes ibadites. Mais le fait nouveau qui particularise umme, c'est la lecture de la risala d'al kairuwani faite secretement. Cela nous amene a dire qu'il s'agit d'un passage de l'ibadisme au malekisme et non d'un changement dynastique sous umme. Par ailleurs, nous avons ete amene, en fonction des contacts entretenus entre le kanem-bornou et la tripolitaine, a reviser les dates couramment admises par les historiens sur les regnes des sultans de bornou des le xvieme et le xviieme siecles. A travers les conflits pour le controle de cette piste, se structure un grand ensemble civilisationel unifiant jusqu'a aujourd'hui le maghreb et l'afrique de l'ouest musulmane The topic of my research work deals with, on the one hand the events that took place back from the 8th century up to now so far as time is concerned ; on the over hand, it covers the north down to the south, that is to say the following territories : libya and niger (every stopping place from tripoli to lake tchad trade path or four areas including tripoli, fazzan, kawar and kanembornu). Thus, the research work is based on two main points : one is chronological and the other geographical. I would like to point out that this work is a doctorate in historic anthropology, not in history or geography. The study of historic and spatial events taked into account the analysis of contemporary age. The sultan bulu (1007-1023) and his successors down to umme all read the koran verses. This reality as well as the mahram of umme jilmi prove that umme (1086-1097) was the first moslem sultan. By that time, they practised ibadism owing to their links with traders from zawila and kawar who were ibadites themselves. The most interesting event about umme is that he secertly read the risala of al kairuwani. The later event means that malekism replaced ibadism and it never meant a change of dynasty under the leadership of umme. In addition, owing to link between the kanem-bornu and the tripolitania, we have changed the dates commoly admitted by the historians under the reigns of the bornu sultans in the 16th and 17th centuries. In different conflicts in order to control the trade path, led to the meeting civilisations that still bring together, up to now, north africa and moslem west africa countries

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Pereira, Christophe. "Le parler arabe de Tripoli (Libye) : phonologie, morphosyntaxe et catégories grammaticales." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Il s'agit d'une description linguistique du parler arabe de Tripoli contemporain, effectuée à partir d'enquêtes de terrain. On s'intéresse au parler des garçons. L'arabe de Tripoli fait partie de la catégorie des parlers arabes dits 'maghrébins', par oppositions aux parler 'orientaux'. Dans une première partie consacrée à la phonologie, on examine les phonèmes vocaliques et les phonèmes consonantiques, ainsi que les réalisations phonétiques de ces derniers. On traite notamment des réalisations consonantiques qui n'apparaissent que dans des conditions déterminées, c'est-à-dire les allophones liés à l'emphatisation, à la sonorisation et à l'assourdissement. On présente aussi les différents allophones vocaliques, en fonction du contexte consonantique. La structure syllabique et l'accentuation de ce parler sont également étudiées. Dans une deuxième partie concernant la morphosyntaxe, on étudie la morphologie verbale, i. E. Tous les types de verbes de racines trilitère (sains, sourds, assimilés, concaves et défectueux) à toutes les formes, ainsi que les verbes quadrilitères et une série de verbes 'irréguliers'. On étudie également la morphologie nominale : le genre; la formation des singuliers; le nombre, le duel et la formation des pluriels; les degrès du nom, les comparatifs, les superlatifs et les schèmes de diminutifs; les noms de nombres. Ensuite, on traite des adverbes, des pronoms, des prépositions et des conjonctions. Tous ces mots sont étudiés dans leur contexte syntaxique. On examine également l'expression de la possession. Dans une troisième partie, on étudie des catégories grammaticales. On analyse le système aspecto-temporel du parler arabe de Tripoli. Ensuite, on traite de l'expression des modalités : modalité de l'assertion (assertion, interrogation, injonction et exclamatives), modalité épistémique, modalité appréciative et modalité intersubjective The present thesis offers a linguistic description of the contemporary spoken Arabic of Tripoli (Libya), a dialect which belongs to the Magrhebi group - as opposed to the eastern or Mashreqi group. The research is based in part on field work. The thesis focuses on the Arabic spoken by a group of young men. The first section is devoted to the dialect's phonology, examining in detail the vocalic and consonantal phonemes as well as the phonetic production of both categories : consonants which are produced in certain specific conditions, i. E. Allophones linked to emphasis, voicing and unvoicing; the dialect's range of vocalic allophones are presented on the basis of their consonantal context. Also analysed are syllabic structure and accentuation. The second section of the thesis is devoted the morphosyntactic characteristics of Tripoli dialect. The verbal morphology, i. E. All forms of the triliteral root (regular, doubled, assimilated, hollow and defective) are analysed, as well as quadriliteral verb forms and a series of 'irregular' verbs. The nominal morphology of the dialect is studied, with analysis of gender, the formation of singulars, the dual form and plural, the nominal degree (comparatives, superlatives and diminutives) and the nouns of number. The section concludes with an analysis of adverbs, pronouns, prepositions ans conjunctions. All these words are studied in their syntactic context. Genitive forms are also studied. The third section is an examination of grammatical categories. The thesis provides an analysis of the dialect's aspecto-temporal system followed by an analysis of forms of modality, including modes of assertion (assertion, interrogation, injunction and exclamation), epistemic, appreciative and intersubjective modality

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Shagmani, Abulgasem Muftah. "The structure of Libyan Arabic discourse as depicted in two Arabic interviews recorded by the Libyan Jiha'd Studies Centre in Tripoli." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1588/.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis attempts to investigate the structure of Libyan Arabic discourse in general and interviews as a text-genre text-form in particular. This investigation includes conjunctions and their influence on the cohesion of interviews and certain other textual phenomena, i.e. repetition, parallelism and their unequivocal significance in text cohesion. To this effect, random samples were taken from two Libyan Arabic interviews, i.e. sample text 1 and sample text 2 to who how the structure of these texts is made up. To achieve these objectives, this study uses a semantic, structural and pragma-semio-textual approach to analyse and then translate the texts chosen, as language in this study is considered to be a form of behaviour (Halliday 1973) that cannot be studied in isolation from its social, cultural and contextual contexts in which it is used. Our textual analysis has shown interesting results. First, interviews have their own generic structure and such structure is presented in specific stages. Second, interviews favour the cohesive type of lexical repetition not only for cohesion purposes but also for persuasive functions as well. Third, interviews use many parallel constructions for conviction and persuasive functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tripoli (Libya)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles