Journal articles: 'TRNSYS modeling'

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Ruan, Ying Jun, and Jie Dong Yang. "A TRNSYS Component Modeling Method for a New Kind of Solution Dehumidifier." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1628.

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This paper introduces a way to build a model for a new kind of solution dehumidifier, and discusses the way to construct TRNSYS components for different kinds of solution dehumidifiers, and the factors that have the most important influence on the precision of the component have been presented. This paper contribute to the component library of TRNSYS, which will make TRNSYS capable to simulate THIC system.

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Casimiro, Sérgio, João Cardoso, Diego-César Alarcón-Padilla, Craig Turchi, Christos Ioakimidis, and João Farinha Mendes. "Modeling Multi Effect Distillation Powered by CSP in TRNSYS." Energy Procedia 49 (2014): 2241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.237.

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Ahmadu, T. O., C. O. Folayan, and F. O. Anafi. "Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of a Solar Absorption Air Conditioning System for an Office Block in Zaria, Nigeria." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 02 (June 2016): 1650012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516500127.

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In this study, a solar absorption air conditioning system has been modeled simulated and optimized for an office block covering a total floor area of 90[Formula: see text]m2using the TRNSYS 16 software. Meteorological data over a period of a typical year for Zaria in Nigeria where the office block is located was used in the simulation and optimization. The hourly cooling energy demand of the office block for the whole year was simulated using the TRNSYS sub program TRNbuild. The peak cooling energy demand was used to size the components of the solar absorption air conditioning system. Based on the initial sizes, a TRNSYS model of the air conditioning system was developed. The simulation and optimization process was done by employing a monthly average data approach in which the TRNSYS software was combined with Microsoft excel. The simulation was done on an hourly time step, optimization was done by studying effect of varying system component sizes on performance indices: coefficient of performance (COP), solar coefficient of performance (SCOP) and solar fraction (SF). Results indicate that the system is capable of attaining an average annual SF of 0.79 in the given location.

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Shrivastava, R. L., Vinod Kumar, and S. P. Untawale. "Modeling and simulation of solar water heater: A TRNSYS perspective." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67 (January 2017): 126–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.005.

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Chargui, R., H. Sammouda, and A. Farhat. "Geothermal heat pump in heating mode: Modeling and simulation on TRNSYS." International Journal of Refrigeration 35, no. 7 (November 2012): 1824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.06.002.

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Beckman, William A., Lars Broman, Alex Fiksel, Sanford A. Klein, Eva Lindberg, Mattias Schuler, and Jeff Thornton. "TRNSYS The most complete solar energy system modeling and simulation software." Renewable Energy 5, no. 1-4 (August 1994): 486–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(94)90420-0.

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Šikula, Ondřej, Pavel Charvát, Lahouari Adjlout, and Omar Ladjedel. "Modeling of Radiators with Mass Flow Control." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.667.

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The topic of the contribution can be included in computer modeling of the thermal behavior of radiators for heating of buildings. Control of heaters leads to dynamic phenomena affecting the final thermal state of the heated room and heating energy consumption. The paper focuses on modeling of radiator quantitative control method using thermostatic valve. The objective of the paper is to show a quality of controlling and to compare an energy consumption when various thermostatic radiator valves time delay are set. The models of control, radiator, and a room are implemented in software TRNSYS. The results show significant differences in energy consumption.

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Geetha, R., M. M. Vijayalakshmi, and E. Natarajan. "Modeling and Simulation Assessment of Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal Hybrid Liquid System Using TRNSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.700.

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The PV/T hybrid system is a combined system consisting of PV panel behind which heat exchanger with fins are embedded. The PV/T system consists of PV panels with a battery bank, inverter etc., and the thermal system consists of a hot water storage tank, pump and differential thermostats. In the present work, the modeling and simulation of a Solar Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is carried out for 5 kWp using TRNSYS for electrical energy and thermal energy for domestic hot water applications. The prominent parameters used for determining the electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall thermal efficiency, electrical thermal efficiency and exergy efficiency are the solar radiation, voltage, current, ambient temperature, mass flow rate of water, area of the PV module etc. The simulated results of the Solar PV/T hybrid system are analyzed for the optimum water flow rate of 25 kg/hr. The electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall thermal efficiency, equivalent thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency are found to be 10%, 34%, 60%, 35% and 13% respectively. The average tank temperature is found to be 50°C.

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Jonas, Danny, Manuel Lämmle, Danjana Theis, Sebastian Schneider, and Georg Frey. "Performance modeling of PVT collectors: Implementation, validation and parameter identification approach using TRNSYS." Solar Energy 193 (November 2019): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.09.047.

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Perini, Katia, Ata Chokhachian, Sen Dong, and Thomas Auer. "Modeling and simulating urban outdoor comfort: Coupling ENVI-Met and TRNSYS by grasshopper." Energy and Buildings 152 (October 2017): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.07.061.

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Hwang, Seokhwa, Rin Yun, and Jaehyeok Heo. "Transient Modeling of Seasonal Borehole Thermal Energy Storage System During Heat Energy Storing Process." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520500054.

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The borehole thermal energy system, KINTEX, located in Ilsan, South Korea was simulated using TRNSYS. The effect of the depth and spacing of the boreholes in this Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES) system on the average stored energy and ground temperature were investigated over three years of its operation. Borehole thermal energy storage was simulated using the Duct Ground Heat Storage Model built in TRNSYS. The BTES system is composed of solar collectors, a heat exchanger, borehole thermal energy storage, and a thermal storage tank. The effects on the internal energy of the system were investigated by varying borehole depth and spacing while the volume and number of boreholes were kept constant. The total number of boreholes is 90 and all boreholes are connected in series. The borehole depths varied from 40 to 47.5[Formula: see text]m with steps of 2.5[Formula: see text]m, and the borehole spacing varied from 2.5 to 4.0[Formula: see text]m while the total volume of the BTES was maintained at 21,[Formula: see text]236 [Formula: see text]m3. The internal energy stored ranged from 1528.91 GJ to 1618.69 GJ over three years of calculations. With an increase of borehole depth and associated decrease of borehole spacing, the internal energy increased and ground temperatures approached 35∘C over a simulation period of three years.

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Casimiro, S., C. Ioakimidis, J. Mendes, and M. Giestas. "Modeling in TRNSYS of a single effect evaporation system powered by a Rankine cycle." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 7-9 (February 2013): 1405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.715413.

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Shah, Louise Jivan, and Simon Furbo. "Modeling Shadows on Evacuated Tubular Collectors With Cylindrical Absorbers." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (November 8, 2004): 333–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1878872.

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A new TRNSYS collector model for evacuated tubular collectors with tubular absorbers is developed. Traditional flat plate collector performance equations have been integrated over the whole absorber circumference. On each tube the model determines the size and position of the shadows caused by the neighbor tube. An all glass tubular collector with tubular absorbers with 14 tubes connected in parallel is investigated theoretically with the model and experimentally in an outdoor collector test facility. Performance calculations with the new model are compared with measured results and a good degree of similarity between the measured and calculated results is found. Further, it is illustrated how the model can be used for geometrical parameter studies both for constant collector mean fluid temperatures and for varying temperature conditions in a solar heating plant. These investigations are performed for two climates: Copenhagen (Denmark) and Uummannaq (Greenland).

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Terziotti, L. T., M. L. Sweet, and J. T. McLeskey. "Modeling seasonal solar thermal energy storage in a large urban residential building using TRNSYS 16." Energy and Buildings 45 (February 2012): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.10.023.

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Chargui, R., and H. Sammouda. "Modeling of a residential house coupled with a dual source heat pump using TRNSYS software." Energy Conversion and Management 81 (May 2014): 384–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.02.040.

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Khan, Muhammad Shoaib Ahmed, Abdul Waheed Badar, Tariq Talha, Muhammad Wajahat Khan, and Fahad Sarfraz Butt. "Configuration based modeling and performance analysis of single effect solar absorption cooling system in TRNSYS." Energy Conversion and Management 157 (February 2018): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.024.

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Bocci, Enrico, Mauro Villarini, Luca Bove, Stefano Esposto, and Valerio Gasperini. "Modeling Small Scale Solar Powered ORC Unit for Standalone Application." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/124280.

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When the electricity from the grid is not available, the generation of electricity in remote areas is an essential challenge to satisfy important needs. In many developing countries the power generation from Diesel engines is the applied technical solution. However the cost and supply of fuel make a strong dependency of the communities on the external support. Alternatives to fuel combustion can be found in photovoltaic generators, and, with suitable conditions, small wind turbines or microhydroplants. The aim of the paper is to simulate the power generation of a generating unit using the Rankine Cycle and using refrigerant R245fa as a working fluid. The generation unit has thermal solar panels as heat source and photovoltaic modules for the needs of the auxiliary items (pumps, electronics, etc.). The paper illustrates the modeling of the system using TRNSYS platform, highlighting standard and “ad hoc” developed components as well as the global system efficiency. In the future the results of the simulation will be compared with the data collected from the 3 kW prototype under construction in the Tuscia University in Italy.

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Ahamed, Md Shamim, Huiqing Guo, and Karen Tanino. "Modeling heating demands in a Chinese-style solar greenhouse using the transient building energy simulation model TRNSYS." Journal of Building Engineering 29 (May 2020): 101114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101114.

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Khan, Imran, and Umair Iqbal. "TRNSYS Modeling and Simulation of a Solar-Fuel Hybrid Thermal Power Plant based on a Central Receiver System." International journal of Engineering Works 8, no. 04 (April 22, 2021): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34259/ijew.21.804139142.

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Altoé, Leandra, Delly Oliveira Filho, Joyce C. Carlo, and Paulo Marcos de B. Monteiro. "Computer tools applied to analysis of solar water heaters." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 5 (October 2013): 1072–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000500018.

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The simulation programs are important tools to analyze the different energetic alternatives, including the use of renewable energy. The objective of this study was to analyze comparatively the different computer tools available for modeling of solar water heaters. Among the main simulation software of solar thermal systems, there are: RETScreen International, EnergyPlus, TRNSYS, SolDesigner, SolarPro, e T*SOL. Among the tools mentioned, only EnergyPlus and RETScreen International are free, but they allow obtaining interesting results when applied together. The first one has a detailed module of energy analysis of solar water heaters, while the second one provides an detailed economic feasibility study and an assessment of emissions of greenhouse gases. RETScreen International and EnergyPlus programs are aimed at a diverse audience, including designers, researchers and energy planners.

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Sporr, Andreas, Gerhard Zucker, and René Hofmann. "Automatically Creating HVAC Control Strategies Based on Building Information Modeling (BIM): Heat Provisioning and Distribution." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174403.

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) data are typically exchanged using the Industrial Foundation Classes (IFC) standard. An IFC-based BIM model is a container for data that is created during the design and planning phase and is therefore a rich source of information for the commissioning phase, in which building services are brought to operation. This paper examines the use of BIM data for automated generation of control strategies for energy systems, thus simplifying and accelerating the commissioning phase. We present a methodology to create control strategies of a building heating system with several variations of renewable energy systems and include both heat provisioning and a distribution system. The control goals include favoring the use of non-fossil energy, which is provided by a combination of photovoltaic system (PV), heat pump (HP) and industrial excess-heat source. Thermal energy storages are integrated for load shifting purposes and the control of the heat distribution system is designed towards the requirements of building physics, occupancy and outside climate conditions. A validation of the approach is presented in a combined SIMULINK and TRNSYS simulation environment.

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Korichi, Sabrin, Bachir Bouchekima, Nabiha Naili, and Messaouda Azzouzi. "Performance analysis of horizontal ground source heat pump for building cooling in arid Saharan climate: thermal-economic modeling and optimization on TRNSYS." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2020008.

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This paper presents a feasibility and performance study of ground source heat pump (GSHP) coupled with horizontal ground heat exchanger (HGHX) used for cooling residential unit equipped with radiant floor system (RFs) under the meteorological conditions of Saharan environment in Ouargla, city located in Southeast Algeria. A dynamic simulation system is developed using TRNSYS software for modeling the performance of the GSHP system. To verify the reliability of GSHP including HGHX system programs, the modeling procedure was validated against experimental data from a horizontal ground source heat pump system (HGSHPs) installed at the Research and Technology Center of Energy (CRTEn), Tunisia, and a good agreement was obtained. Then, to obtain an acceptable balance between system efficiency and total cost of HGSHPs an economic analysis was carried out to determine the optimum design parameters of the HGHX. The simulation results obtained from this study indicated that the HGSHPs could effectively solve cooling problem and reduce traditional energy consumption in the Saharan areas; it is possible to lower the mean indoor air temperature below 27 °C and raise the average relative humidity to reach 73.97%. By concentrating principally on the thermal-economic optimization, the optimized COP of the GSHP that combines the reliability and economy of cooling in long term was found to be 3.89.

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Ponshanmugakumar, A., Sridharan Badrinarayanan, P. Deepak, H. Sivaraman, and R. Vignesh Kumar. "Numerical Investigation on Vertical Generator Integrated with Phase Change Materials in Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.468.

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A model has been established based on numerical calculation to analyze a vertical tube in tube stainless steel generator with forced convective boiling. Refrigerant vapour is generated from the weak refrigerant-absorbent solution takes place in the middle tube of the generator, when hot water through the outer side is used as boiling medium and the pipe arrays inserted is the phase change material containment. This paper shows the results of the TRNSYS modeling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system under the weather conditions of Chennai in order to partially satisfy the thermal demand of a building room. The maximum hourly thermal load reaches 165 kW. The suggested model operates with concentrating parabolic collectors, a NH3-H2O single effect absorption air-conditioning system, hot water storage with PCM and an external auxiliary boiler. As a result of the method simplifying for the varying climate and different orientation of the components are analyzed. These outcomes show that the prime system could succeed a yearly solar fraction of 0.58.

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Rossi di Schio, Eugenia, Vincenzo Ballerini, Matteo Dongellini, and Paolo Valdiserri. "Defrosting of Air-Source Heat Pumps: Effect of Real Temperature Data on Seasonal Energy Performance for Different Locations in Italy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 8003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178003.

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In this paper, dynamic simulations of the seasonal coefficient of performance (SCOP) of Air-Source Heat Pumps will be presented by considering three different heat pump systems coupled with the same building located in three different Italian municipalities: S. Benedetto del Tronto (42°58′ North, 13°53′ East), Milan (45°28′ North, 9°10′ East), and Livigno (46°28′ North, 10°8′ East). Dynamic simulations were conducted by employing the software package TRNSYS and by considering real weather data (i.e., outdoor air temperature and humidity as well as solar radiation) referring to the three abovementioned cities for a period of 8 years (2013–2020) and collected from on-site weather stations. Attention has been paid to the modeling of the heat pump defrost cycles in order to evaluate their influence on the unit’s seasonal performance. Results show that, when referring to different years, the thermal energy demand displays huge variations (in some cases it can even double its value), while the effective SCOP is characterized by scarce variability. Sensible variations in SCOP values are achieved for Livigno.

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Boero, Andrea, and Francis Agyenim. "Modeling and simulation of a small-scale solar-powered absorption cooling system in three cities with a tropical climate." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 15, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctz040.

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Abstract This study assessed through numerical simulations, the technical feasibility of a solar-powered absorption cooling system for a small-scale application in an office building in three different cities with a tropical climate in Ecuador. The model and simulations were performed using the dynamic transient software TRNSYS and were compared and validated using experimental data obtained from a real-life system with main components: 12 m2 vacuum tube solar thermal collector array, a 4.5 kW LiBr/H2O single-effect absorption chiller, a 6 kW fan coil and a 100 l sensible cold store. The results of the simulation showed a good agreement with the experimental data with a deviation of 8.5%. The validated model was used to undertake a parametric study to determine capacities of systems that will be applicable to three Ecuadorian cities: Guayaquil, Manta and San Cristobal. The system capacity predicted by the model for the Ecuadorian cities has the following components: 24 m2 evacuated tube collector field, a 20 kW heat exchanger, a 15 kW single-stage LiBr/H2O absorption chiller, a 35 kW cooling tower and a cold storage tank of 2 m3. The results showed that the proposed system could meet most of the required cooling load (90% for Guayaquil and San Cristobal, and 71% for Manta, considering a set point of 24°C) of a typical single-story office building with.

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Syed Asad, Hussain, Yuen Richard Kwok Kit, and Lee Eric Wai Ming. "Energy Modeling with Nonlinear-Autoregressive Exogenous Neural Network." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103059.

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The model-based predictive control (MPC) is considered to be an effective tool for optimal control of building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. MPC need to update the operating set points of the local control loops that have a significant influence on the energy performance of the system. Performance of MPC relies on the accuracy of the system performance model. There are two commonly used modeling approach – conventional or analytical approach that is the way of process modeling for some time, but it tends to increase the online computational load as it requires a full mathematical description of the real system. Furthermore, such techniques rely on different simplifying assumptions that limit the accuracy of the performance model. A second commonly used technique is the data-driven approach. The neural network (NN) is the most potent data-driven approach. NN can accurately model complex nonlinear systems without even knowing the structure of the system and it also addresses the problem of the online computational load since the computational load moves to the offline training step. In order to set up neural network model-based predictive control (NNMPC), it is important to build a reliable energy model of HVAC system that can be used to perform multi-step-ahead prediction of system energy performance. In this paper, the energy modeling of the chiller plant is conducted. Data for the training of chiller plant energy model is generated from HVAC testbed build in TRNSYS simulation environment. The nonlinear-autoregressive neural network with exogenous input (NARX) is used to model the energy performance of the chiller plant. The NARX is a powerful method for forecasting of time series data and dynamic control problems. NARX model is first trained in the open-loop form with the actual output instead of feedback, using back-propagation with the Levenberg-Marquardt method; this model can be used to perform only one-step-ahead prediction. Open-loop NARX model is transformed into a closed-loop form, by connecting the internal feedback, i.e. actual output is replaced by predicted output, to perform multi-step-ahead prediction (for predictive control). Comparative analysis of developed NARX-based chiller model is carried out with respect to process data from testbed, which demonstrated the good accuracy of the NARX-based chiller model.

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Leigh, R. W., P. D. Metz, and K. Michalek. "Photovoltaic-Electrolyzer System Transient Simulation Results." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268086.

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Brookhaven National Laboratory has developed a Hydrogen Technology Evaluation Center to illustrate advanced hydrogen technology. The first phase of this effort investigated the use of solar energy to produce hydrogen from water via photovoltaic-powered electrolysis. A coordinated program of system testing, computer simulation, and economic analysis has been adopted to characterize and optimize the photovoltaic-electrolyzer system. This paper presents the initial transient simulation results. Innovative features of the modeling include the use of real weather data, detailed hourly modeling of the thermal characteristics of the PV array and of system control strategies, and examination of systems over a wide range of power and voltage ratings. The transient simulation system TRNSYS was used, incorporating existing, modified or new component subroutines as required. For directly coupled systems, we found the PV array voltage which maximizes hydrogen production to be quite near the nominal electrolyzer voltage for a wide range of PV array powers. The array voltage which maximizes excess electricity production is slightly higher. The use of an ideal (100 percent efficient) maximum power tracking system provides only a six percent increase in annual hydrogen production. An examination of the effect of PV array tilt indicates, as expected, that annual hydrogen production is insensitive to tilt angle within ± 20 deg of latitude. Summer production greatly exceeds winter generation. Tilting the array, even to 90 deg, produces no significant increase in winter hydrogen production.

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Mason, A. A., and J. H. Davidson. "Measured Performance and Modeling of an Evacuated-Tube, Integral-Collector-Storage Solar Water Heater." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 117, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2847803.

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An experimental study of an evacuated-tube, integral-collector-storage water heater was conducted in an indoor solar simulator. Useful collected energy, radiation-induced stratification and draw-induced mixing are characterized in eight trials in which test duration, initial tank water temperature, flow rate during withdrawal of heated water from the collector, withdrawal pattern and reflectance of the back-plane were varied. All tests were performed at nominal irradiance of 900 W/m2, normal incidence, and collector slope of 45 degrees. The capability of the TRNSYS integral collector storage model to predict performance for operating conditions for which data are assumed to be unavailable was assessed. Using data from one experimental trial, optical efficiency (τα) of the collector was determined by matching predicted useful energy gain to measured gain. Effectiveness of the calibrated model was based on a comparison of predicted gains to measured values obtained in the remaining seven trials. For five of seven trials, predicted performance is within nine percent of measured performance and less than experimental error. For the other two trials, predicted performance is within 15 percent of measured performance. The higher discrepancies may be partially due to experimental conditions not modeled such as heating of the piping connecting the collector to the test facility and inadequate characterization of back-plane reflectivity. The model does not predict radiation-induced stratification. Although the effect of mixing during draws can be approximated by specifying the number of fully mixed volume segments in the tanks, selection of number of nodes requires knowledge of the behavior of the system. The number of nodes selected has minimal impact on total energy gain, but does affect the temperature of water delivered to the load.

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Denis, Yvan, Frédéric Suard, Aurore Lomet, and David Chèze. "Saving energy by anticipating hot water production: identification of key points for an efficient statistical model integration." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 33, no. 02 (May 2019): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060419000143.

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AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the energy savings that can be achieved in domestic hot water (DHW) production using consumption forecasting through statistical modeling. It uses our forecast algorithm and aims at investigating how it can improve energy efficiency depending on the system configuration. Especially, the influence of the DHW production type used is evaluated as well as the water tank insulation. To that end, real consumption measurements are used for model training. Then simulations are run on using TRNSYS software to compute the total energy consumption of DHW production systems over 1 year. Simulations are also based on real consumption measurements for realistic results. To appraise the energy savings, we compared simulations that consider either no forecast (reactive control), perfect forecast (to estimate the control ability to consider forecast), or the forecast provided by our algorithm. The measurements and simulations are run on 26 different but real dwellings to assess results variability. Several system configurations are also compared with varying thermal insulation indices for a complete benchmark of the approach so that an overall performance of the system and the anticipation strategy could be evaluated.

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Rivoire, Matteo, Alessandro Casasso, Bruno Piga, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Assessment of Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pumps." Energies 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081941.

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Ground-coupled heat pumps (GCHPs) have a great potential for reducing the cost and climate change impact of building heating, cooling, and domestic hot water (DHW). The high installation cost is a major barrier to their diffusion but, under certain conditions (climate, building use, alternative fuels, etc.), the investment can be profitable in the long term. We present a comprehensive modeling study on GCHPs, performed with the dynamic energy simulation software TRNSYS, reproducing the operating conditions of three building types (residential, office, and hotel), with two insulation levels of the building envelope (poor/good), with the climate conditions of six European cities. Simulation results highlight the driving variables for heating/cooling peak loads and yearly demand, which are the input to assess economic performance and environmental benefits of GCHPs. We found that, in Italy, GCHPs are able to reduce CO2 emissions up to 216 g CO2/year per euro spent. However, payback times are still quite high, i.e., from 8 to 20 years. This performance can be improved by changing taxation on gas and electricity and using hybrid systems, adding a fossil-fuel boiler to cover peak heating loads, thus reducing the overall installation cost compared to full-load sized GCHP systems.

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Ma, Wenting, Moon Keun Kim, and Jianli Hao. "Numerical Simulation Modeling of a GSHP and WSHP System for an Office Building in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region of China: A Case Study in Suzhou." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 14, 2019): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123282.

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This paper studies the long-term performance of a Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) system and a Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) system for an office building in Suzhou, which is a hot summer and cold winter climate region of China. The hot summer and cold winter region is the most urbanized region of China and has subtropical monsoon climate, therefore, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are in great demand. Due to the fact that 42.5% of Suzhou’s total area is covered by lakes and rivers, the city has an abundance of surface water resources. Based on Suzhou’s meteorological data and the thermal characteristics of the building envelope, an office building model was created and the dynamic cooling and heating load was calculated using Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS) simulation software. Two numerical HVAC modeling systems were created: a GSHP system for which the data of an in-situ Thermal Response Test (TRT) was used and a WSHP system for which the Tai Lake water temperature was used. Simulating the performance of both systems over a 20-year period, the two systems were analyzed for their Coefficient of Performance (COP), heat source temperature variation, and energy consumption. The results show that the GSHP system causes ground heat accumulation, which reduces the system’s COP and increases energy consumption. The study also revealed that compared with the GSHP system, the WSHP system has a more stable long-term performance for buildings in Suzhou.

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Jordan, Sabina, Jože Hafner, Martina Zbašnik-Senegačnik, and Andraž Legat. "Effects of Specific Parameters on Simulations of Energy Use and Air Temperatures in Offices Equipped with Radiant Heating/Cooling Panels." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 4609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214609.

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When creating a simulation model to assess the performance of buildings, there is usually a lack of feedback information. Only in the case of measurements of a real building is a direct comparison of the measured values and simulated results possible. Parameter data related to users’ behavior or other events can also be obtained. Their evaluated frequency, magnitude and duration, along with boundary conditions, are crucial for the results. It is clear that none of them can be predicted very accurately. Most of them, however, are needed for computer modeling. In this paper we analyzed the well-defined TRNSYS simulation model of offices equipped with radiant ceiling panels for heating and cooling. The model was based on real case offices and was validated based on measurements for 1 year. The analysis included simulations in order to define what effect the parameters related mainly to users have on the energy use and the indoor air temperatures. The study confirmed that specific human activities influence the annual energy use to a relatively small degree and that their effects often counteract. It also confirmed the even more important fact that although small, these activities can influence the thermal comfort of users. It is believed that despite the fact that this research was based on an analysis of offices equipped with radiant ceiling panels, most of the results could be applied generally.

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Ahn, Jong-Gwon, Ji-Suk Yu, Fred Edmond Boafo, Jin-Hee Kim, and Jun-Tae Kim. "Simulation and Performance Analysis of Air-Type PVT Collector with Interspaced Baffle-PV Cell Design." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175372.

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A Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) collector produces heat and electricity simultaneously. Air-type PVT collector uses air as a transfer medium to take heat from PV back side surface. The performance of the air-type PVT collector is affected by design elements such as PV types, inside structures in heat collecting space (baffle or fins), the shape of the air pathway, etc. In this study, an advanced air-type PVT collector was designed with curved baffles (absorber) to improve thermal performance. Within the air-type PVT collector, PV cells were arranged in an interspaced design, and the curved baffles were located in the collecting space to increase heat efficiently. The absorber received solar radiation directly and was utilized as baffles for improving thermal performance. The air-type PVT collector was fabricated and tested in an outdoor environment considering the climatic conditions of Daejeon, Republic of Korea. In addition, based on experiment parameters and data, the annual thermal and electrical performances of the system were analyzed by simulation modeling using the TRNSYS program. Thermal and electrical efficiencies were 37.1% and 6.4% (according to module area) for outdoor test conditions, respectively. Numerical and experimental results were in good agreement with an error of 4% and 0.24% for thermal and electrical efficiencies, respectively. Annual heat gain was 644 kWh th/year, and generated power was 118 kWh el/year.

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Ximenes Naves, Alex, Victor Tulus, Elaine Garrido Vazquez, Laureano Jiménez Esteller, Assed Naked Haddad, and Dieter Boer. "Economic Optimization of the Energy Supply for a Logistics Center Considering Variable-Rate Energy Tariffs and Integration of Photovoltaics." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 4711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214711.

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The energy supplied by photovoltaic (PV) panels connected to the grid creates more flexibility for energy management; however, oversizing the PV system may result in an energy surplus, an essential factor to be considered during energy efficiency optimization. The economic analysis of energy supply systems for buildings and industry should include a detailed feasibility analysis and a life cycle perspective. Simulations were performed to quantify the potential savings when the excess of PV energy (surplus) is supposed to be exported to the grid by considering the net metering and net billing approaches. Our objective was to evaluate the electrical demand of a logistics center with pre-design modeling and simulation, and determine the adequate system configurations by considering the life cycle costing (LCC). We established a baseline and three alternative economic scenarios for optimization. Combining the use of TRNSYS 180 Simulation Studio and its optimization library component, GenOp (Generic Optimization Program), we simulated different options of grid energy contracts considering the variable tariffs and the integration with PVs. Based on the LCC, a single-objective optimization (SOO) process was performed. This approach allowed us to envisage possible configurations, reducing up to a quarter of annual grid energy consumption that represents savings of around 21% for the LCC in a timeframe of 20 years, reaching up to 39% when the export of the PV surplus energy is considered. The payback period of investments is below six years for the optimal scenarios.

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Nayak, Ajaya Ketan, and Aya Hagishima. "Modification of building energy simulation tool TRNSYS for modelling nonlinear heat and moisture transfer phenomena by TRNSYS/MATLAB integration." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 25009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017225009.

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Software for numerical simulation of various types of energy used in buildings, i.e. building energy simulation (BES), have become an essential tool for recent research pertaining to building physics. TRNSYS is a well-known BES used in both academia and the construction industry for a wide range of simulations, such as the design and performance evaluation of buildings and related facilities for heating, cooling, and ventilation. TRNSYS has a modular structure comprising various components, and each component is interconnected and compiled through a common interface using a FORTRAN compiler. Its modular structure enables interactions with various external numerical simulation tools, such as MATLAB, Python, and ESP-r. For ordinary simulations of building energy load using TRNSYS, the generic module Type 56 is usually recommended, which provides detailed physics modelling of building thermal behaviours based on unsteady energy conservation equations and Fourier’s law for each building material. However, Type 56 explicitly depends on the transfer function method to discretise the original differential equations; therefore, it cannot model nonlinear phenomena, such as latent heat and moisture transfer between a building surface and ambient air. In other words, the current TRNSYS cannot be used to estimate the effectiveness of evaporation during cooling, which is a typical passive design method. Hence, the authors developed a MATLAB/TRNSYS integration scheme, in which TRNSYS was modified to model simultaneous heat and moisture transfer from the wet roof surface of a building. This scheme enabled TRNSYS to calculate the rate of evaporative heat and moisture transfer dynamically from the roof surface, assuming a control volume approximation of the roof surface. Finally, the effect of evaporative cooling on the thermal performance of an Indian building was estimated using the modified model.

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Yong, Rui, Jun Ye, and Shigui Du. "Multicriteria Decision-Making Method and Application in the Setting of Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Z-Numbers." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (March 5, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6664330.

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The information expression and modeling of decision-making are critical problems in the fuzzy decision theory and method. However, existing trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (TrNNs) and neutrosophic Z-numbers (NZNs) and their multicriteria decision-making (MDM) methods reveal their insufficiencies, such as without considering the reliability measures in TrNN and continuous Z-numbers in NZN. To overcome the insufficiencies, it is necessary that one needs to propose trapezoidal neutrosophic Z-numbers (TrNZNs), their aggregation operations, and an MDM method for solving MDM problems with TrNZN information. Hence, this study first proposes a TrNZN set, some basic operations of TrNZNs, and the score and accuracy functions of TrNZN and their ranking laws. Then, the TrNZN weighted arithmetic averaging (TrNZNWAA) and TrNZN weighted geometric averaging (TrNZNWGA) operators are presented based on the operations of TrNZNs. Next, an MDM approach using the proposed aggregation operators and score and accuracy functions is established to carry out MDM problems under the environment of TrNZNs. In the end, the established MDM approach is applied to an MDM example of software selection for revealing its rationality and efficiency in the setting of TrNZNs. The main advantage of this study is that the established approach not only makes assessment information continuous and reliable but also strengthens the decision rationality and efficiency in the setting of TrNZNs.

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Yu, Fei, Lixiang Li, Qiang Tang, Shuo Cai, Yun Song, and Quan Xu. "A Survey on True Random Number Generators Based on Chaos." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2545123.

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With the rapid development of communication technology and the popularization of network, information security has been highly valued by all walks of life. Random numbers are used in many cryptographic protocols, key management, identity authentication, image encryption, and so on. True random numbers (TRNs) have better randomness and unpredictability in encryption and key than pseudorandom numbers (PRNs). Chaos has good features of sensitive dependence on initial conditions, randomness, periodicity, and reproduction. These demands coincide with the rise of TRNs generating approaches in chaos field. This survey paper intends to provide a systematic review of true random number generators (TRNGs) based on chaos. Firstly, the two kinds of popular chaotic systems for generating TRNs based on chaos, including continuous time chaotic system and discrete time chaotic system are introduced. The main approaches and challenges are exposed to help researchers decide which are the ones that best suit their needs and goals. Then, existing methods are reviewed, highlighting their contributions and their significance in the field. We also devote a part of the paper to review TRNGs based on current-mode chaos for this problem. Finally, quantitative results are given for the described methods in which they were evaluated, following up with a discussion of the results. At last, we point out a set of promising future works and draw our own conclusions about the state of the art of TRNGs based on chaos.

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KANYARUSOKE, Kant, Jasson GRYZAGORIDIS, and Graeme OLIVER. "Validation of TRNSYS modelling for a fixed slope photovoltaic panel." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTER SCIENCES 24 (2016): 4763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/elk-1502-38.

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Po-ki, Yuen, Alan Dunn, and Mankit Ray Yeung. "Solar Air-Conditioning System Performance Optimization by TRNSYS Simulation Modelling." HKIE Transactions 2, no. 3 (January 1995): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023697x.1995.10667688.

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Vuong, Edward, Raghad S. Kamel, and Alan S. Fung. "Modelling and Simulation of BIPV/T in EnergyPlus and TRNSYS." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.354.

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Salihmuhsin, Metin, and Yavuz Selim İşler. "Modelling a Real Time Stand-Alone PV System by Using TRNSYS." Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17780/ksujes.345361.

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Shahrestani, Mehdi, Runming Yao, and Geoffrey K. Cook. "Developing new components for variable flow distribution system modelling in TRNSYS." Building Simulation 6, no. 3 (April 2, 2013): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12273-013-0123-x.

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Beausoleil-Morrison, Ian, Francesca Macdonald, Michaël Kummert, Timothy McDowell, and Romain Jost. "Co-simulation between ESP-r and TRNSYS." Journal of Building Performance Simulation 7, no. 2 (May 16, 2013): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2013.794864.

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Aparicio-Fernández, Carolina, José-Luis Vivancos, Paula Cosar-Jorda, and Richard A. Buswell. "Energy Modelling and Calibration of Building Simulations: A Case Study of a Domestic Building with Natural Ventilation." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2019): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173360.

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In this paper, the building energy performance modelling tools TRNSYS (TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program) and TRNFlow (TRaNsient Flow) have been used to obtain the energy demand of a domestic building that includes the air infiltration rate and the effect of natural ventilation by using window operation data. An initial model has been fitted to monitoring data from the case study, building over a period when there were no heat gains in the building in order to obtain the building infiltration air change rate. After this calibration, a constant air-change rate model was established alongside two further models developed in the calibration process. Air change rate has been explored in order to determine air infiltrations caused by natural ventilation due to windows being opened. These results were compared to estimates gained through a previously published method and were found to be in good agreement. The main conclusion from the work was that the modelling ventilation rate in naturally ventilated residential buildings using TRNSYS and TRNSFlow can improve the simulation-based energy assessment.

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Laxmi, Kornu, and Vaddivenkatasundara Rao. "Estimation of Cooling Load of a Residential House using TRNSYS." Applied Research Journal of Science and Technology 2, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjst202001016.

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Development of a country will lead to increased utilization and demand for energy. In this research study, transient simulation technique is implemented and eventually, the cooling load of the house is determined. The study focused to provide cooling load characteristics for a residential house. The factors namely: size and shape, thermophysical properties, window systems, orientation, internal gains, ventilation and infiltration aspects that influence the cooling load are considered in the study. A dynamic simulation software-TRNSYS (Transient Systems Simulation Program) is used for the modelling and simulation of the energy flows of the house to determine the cooling thermal load. The study is useful in providing a better solution for a sustainable future by simulating with different design modifications of the house. This study may be extended to focus on the choice of constructional materials, so that good temperature and lower cooling load are attained. A case study of a residential building is situated in the coastal district of Andhra Pradesh, India and located at Latitude (17.68o N) and longitude (83.21oE) is considered to find cooling load through TRNSYS 16. Keywords: Cooling load, Tropical region, Simulation, ventilation

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Souliotis, M., S. Kalogirou, and Y. Tripanagnostopoulos. "Modelling of an ICS solar water heater using artificial neural networks and TRNSYS." Renewable Energy 34, no. 5 (May 2009): 1333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2008.09.007.

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Šiupšinskas, Giedrius, and Solveiga Adomėnaitė. "MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SUPPLY SOLUTIONS TO PUBLIC NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS / BEVEIK NULINIO ENERGIJOS BALANSO VISUOMENINIŲ PASTATŲ APRŪPINIMO ENERGIJA SPRENDIMAI, DAUGIAKRITERĖ ANALIZĖ." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 4 (November 25, 2013): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.68.

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The article analyzes energy supply alternatives for modernised public nearly zero energy buildings. The paper examines alternative energy production systems such as heat pumps (air-water and ground-water), solar collectors, adsorption cooling, biomass boiler, solar photovoltaic, wind turbines and combinations of these systems. The simulation of the analysed building energy demand for different energy production alternatives has been performed using TRNSYS modelling software. In order to determine an optimal energy supply variant, the estimated results of energy, environmental, and economic evaluation have been converted into non-dimensional variables (3E) using multi-criteria analysis. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Siekiant beveik nulinio energijos balanso modernizuotame viešosios paskirties pastate, nagrinėjamos aprūpinimo energija alternatyvos. Tiriamos šios alternatyvios aprūpinimo energija sistemos: šilumos siurbliai (gruntas–vanduo ir oras– vanduo), saulės kolektoriai, adsorbcinė vėsinimo mašina, biokuro katilas, saulės elementai, vėjo jėgainė – ir šių sistemų deriniai. Skirtingų aprūpinimo energija variantų energijos poreikiai modeliuojami TRNSYS (The Transient System Simulation Program) modeliavimo programa. Siekiant nustatyti optimalų aprūpinimo energija variantą, gauti energinio, ekologinio ir ekonominio vertinimų rezultatai daugiakriterės analizės būdu perskaičiuojami į nedimensinius rodiklius (3E).

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Park, Seung Hoon, Yong Sung Jang, and Eui-Jong Kim. "Modelling of a Domestic AHU by Optimizing Variables of Existing Component Models in Trnsys." Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering 31, no. 2 (February 28, 2019): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/kjacr.2019.31.2.062.

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Dongellini, Matteo, Agostino Piazzi, Filippo De Biagi, and Gian Luca Morini. "The modelling of reverse defrosting cycles of air-to-water heat pumps with TRNSYS." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101063.

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The most widespread defrosting technique adopted by Air-Source Heat Pumps (ASHPs) during the heating season is Reverse Cycle Defrosting (RCD). In this paper a dynamic model of RCD, based on performance data provided by the heat pump manufacturer, designed for TRNSYS and with a core-structure suitable for commercial units, is presented. A defrost cycle is divided in three phases. First, the unit heating capacity is reduced as a linear function of the ice layer thickness (Pre-Defrost phase). Subsequently, the reverse cycle operating mode is modelled on the basis of the performance data given by the manufacturer (Defrost phase) and, finally, the heat pump performances are altered taking into account the higher surface temperature of the external coil after the reverse mode (Post-Defrost phase). Then, the influence of defrosting energy losses on the heat pump seasonal performance factor in sites characterized by different climatic conditions has been assessed. Results point out that the ASHP seasonal efficiency decreases of about 5% taking into account defrost energy losses; in addition, the influence of defrost cycles on the internal air temperature is studied by assessing under which conditions the indoor thermal comfort can be guaranteed even in presence of frequent defrost cycles.

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Beausoleil-Morrison, Ian, Michaël Kummert, Francesca Macdonald, Romain Jost, Timothy McDowell, and Alex Ferguson. "Demonstration of the new ESP-r and TRNSYS co-simulator for modelling solar buildings." Energy Procedia 30 (2012): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.060.

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Journal articles on the topic 'TRNSYS modeling'

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