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Journal articles on the topic 'Trochophore'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Li, Haimei, Bo Zhang, Guiju Huang, et al. "Differential Gene Expression during Larval Metamorphic Development in the Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata, Based on Transcriptome Analysis." International Journal of Genomics 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2895303.

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P. fucata experiences a series of transformations in appearance, from swimming larvae to sessile juveniles, during which significant changes in gene expression likely occur. Thus, P. fucata could be an ideal model in which to study the molecular mechanisms of larval metamorphosis during development in invertebrates. To study the molecular driving force behind metamorphic development in larvae of P. fucata, transcriptomes of five larval stages (trochophore, D-shape, umbonal, eyespots, and spats) were sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 system and assembled and characterized with the transcr

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2

Lacalli, Thurston C. "Structural correlates of photoresponse in trochophore larvae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 4 (1988): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-148.

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Electron microscopic reconstructions of larval ocelli from two polychaete species show a correlation between pigment cup orientation and larval photoresponse. Phyllodoce maculata larvae are strongly photopositive and their ocellar receptor cell is shaded from above. Spirobranchus polycerus larvae are photonegative and their receptor cell is shaded from below. The results support a hypothesis developed by Marsden and Hsieh (Marsden, J. R., and Hsieh, J. 1987. Zoomorphology (Berlin), 106: 361–368), which states that larvae undertake extended swimming only when the eyespot, i.e., the receptor cel

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3

Bartolomaeus, Thomas. "Head Kidneys in Hatchlings of Scoloplos Armiger (Annelida: Orbiniida): Implications for the Occurrence of Protonephridia in Lecithotrophic Larvae." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 1 (1998): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400040017.

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It is generally believed that lecithotrophic larvae of annelids do not possess functional excretory organs. However, as in certain annelids the planktotrophic trochophora larva has been secondarily modified into a lecithotrophic developmental stage and because protonephridia are characteristic for the trochophora, lecithotrophic developmental stages should also possess such organs. To test this assumption hatchlings of the orbiniidan Scoloplos armiger, which develops directly without a free-living larval stage, were investigated ultrastrucrurally. Each hatchling possesses a pair of protonephri

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4

Serras, F., and J. E. Speksnijder. "F-actin localization during trochoblast differentiation embryos." Development 112, no. 3 (1991): 833–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.112.3.833.

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We have studied the development of the ciliated, Patella vulgata trochophore larvae. This organ, the different clones of trochoblasts. In each of these filamentous (F-) actin is formed at the time that which we visualized with TRITC-phalloidin, is cilia that crosses each trochoblast. Isolated quartets of animal micromeres (from which the form rows of cilia and F-actin bands at the proper embryos, the trochoblasts shift their position form a ring of differentiated prototroch cells with a encircling the entire larva. At the dorsal side, a and thus a double band of F-actin is present. In double F

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5

Liu, Yibing, Lisui Bao, Sarah R. Catalano, Xiaochen Zhu, and Xiaoxu Li. "The Effects of Larval Cryopreservation on the Epigenetics of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24 (2023): 17262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417262.

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High mortalities and highly variable results during the subsequent development of post-thaw larvae have been widely considered as key issues restricting the application of cryopreservation techniques to support genetic improvement programs and hatchery production in farmed marine bivalve species. To date, few studies have been undertaken to investigate the effects of cryodamage at the molecular level in bivalves. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of larval cryopreservation on the epigenetics of the resultant progenies of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The results show that

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6

Chooseangjaew, Supatcha, Nuntaporn Getlekha, Worawut Koedprang, Chanika Saenge Chooklin, Kattinat Sakulsawasdipan, and Suwat Tanyaros. "Induction of Gynogenetic Diploids the Tropical Oyster, Crassostrea belcheri 1873 (Ostreids: Ostreoidea)." ASEAN Journal of Scientific and Technological Reports 27, no. 2 (2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.55164/ajstr.v27i2.250804.

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The induction of diploid gynogenesis in the Tropical oyster, Crassostrea belcheri 1873, was carried out through two main experiments: 1) the destruction of spermatozoa DNA using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and 2) the induction of gynogenetic diploids. UV light source was placed 30 cm over the sperm for various durations, including 0 (control), 30, 60, 90, and 120 seconds. The study revealed that the highest survival rate was observed in trochophore at 90 minutes (42.5 ± 2.50%) compared to the normal control C. belcheri (p>0.05). Based on cytogenetic study, haploid (n=10), diploid (2n=20),

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7

Paredes, E., S. L. Adams, S. L. Gale, L. T. McGowan, J. F. Smith, and H. R. Tervit. "41. Cryopreservation of greenlipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) trochophore larvae." Cryobiology 63, no. 3 (2011): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.09.044.

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8

Paredes, E., S. L. Adams, S. L. Gale, L. T. McGowan, J. F. Smith, and H. R. Tervit. "118. Cryopreservation of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) trochophore larvae." Cryobiology 63, no. 3 (2011): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2011.09.121.

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9

Paredes, E., S. L. Adams, H. R. Tervit, et al. "Cryopreservation of Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) trochophore larvae." Cryobiology 65, no. 3 (2012): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.07.078.

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10

Marsden, J. R. "Response to light by trochophore larvae of Spirobranchus giganteus." Marine Biology 93, no. 1 (1986): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00428649.

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11

Smith, Peter R., and Fu-Shiang Chia. "Larval development and metamorphosis of Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 (Polychaeta: Sabellariidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 5 (1985): 1037–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-156.

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The development of the polychaete Sabellaria cementarium Moore, 1906 proceeds at 10–14 °C, as follows: 23 h, early trochophore with prototroch and apical tuft; 65 h, 1 pair of provisional setae; 3.5 days, feeding trochophore; 18 days, metatrochophore; 4 weeks, metatrochophore with tentacle buds; 5–6 weeks, nectochaeta competent to metamorphose; 6–8 weeks, settlement and metamorphosis. Larval behavior is described. Tube sand of adult sabellariids (S. cementarium, Phragmatopoma lapidosa, ldanthrysus ornamentatus) and beach sand induced metamorphosis. Larvae exhibit a low degree of substrate spec

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12

Elfituri, Abdulfattah Mohamed, and Najla Mohamed Abushaala. "Monitoring the Reproduction and Development of Eggs in the Sea Hare Aplysia fasciata under Laboratory Conditions." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 38, no. 1 (2023): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v38i1.1052.

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This study looks at spawning patterns, egg mass shape, and embryo development to learn more about the reproductive biology of the A. fasciata species that lives in Libya's coastal waters. In June 2022, eight mature Aplysia fasciata collected from Tajura coast and kept into aquarium contain aerated seawater and marine algae (Ulva lactuca). After five days, a mating couple was seen in the aquarium, and, a mass of fertilized eggs were produced. The clusters eggs were transfer to new aquarium. After few hours, the eggs started development to embryo and at 10 day the egg masses colour changed to a

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13

Schwartz, Matías, and Silvana Campodónico. "First description of Patagonian scallop (Zygochlamys patagonica) early larval development." Marine and Fishery Sciences 32, no. 2 (2019): 115–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3925782.

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Description of Patagonian scallop (<em>Zygochlamys patagonica</em>) early larval development observed in the 2015 and 2017 Summer seasons spawning was made. Spawning was obtained through induction with the valval cleaning and thermal shocks (7 and 13° C) techniques in 16 adult scallops 55-72 mm shell height, sexually mature and in equal sex proportion. The water of the induction vessels was filtered with a 35 mm sieve to retain the fertilized oocytes that were placed in 2 l containers with ocean water at 7 ± 0,5 °C and without aeration. Early development stages up to trochophore

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14

Maslakova, Svetlana A., and Terra C. Hiebert. "From trochophore to pilidium and back again - a larva’s journey." International Journal of Developmental Biology 58, no. 6-7-8 (2014): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.140090sm.

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15

Arenas-Mena, Cesar, and Ava Li. "Development of a feeding trochophore in the polychaete Hydroides elegans." International Journal of Developmental Biology 58, no. 6-7-8 (2014): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.140100ca.

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16

Funch, Peter. "The chordoid larva ofSymbion pandora (Cycliophora) is a modified trochophore." Journal of Morphology 230, no. 3 (1996): 231–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199612)230:3<231::aid-jmor1>3.0.co;2-h.

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17

Marsden, Joan R., and Jane Hsieh. "Ultrastructure of the eyespot in three polychaete trochophore larvae (Annelida)." Zoomorphology 106, no. 6 (1987): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00312259.

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18

Wollesen, Tim, Sonia Victoria Rodríguez Monje, André Luiz de Oliveira, and Andreas Wanninger. "Staggered Hox expression is more widespread among molluscs than previously appreciated." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1888 (2018): 20181513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1513.

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Hox genes are expressed along the anterior–posterior body axis in a colinear fashion in the majority of bilaterians. Contrary to polyplacophorans, a group of aculiferan molluscs with conserved ancestral molluscan features, gastropods and cephalopods deviate from this pattern by expressing Hox genes in distinct morphological structures and not in a staggered fashion. Among conchiferans, scaphopods exhibit many similarities with gastropods, cephalopods and bivalves, however, the molecular developmental underpinnings of these similar traits remain unknown. We investigated Hox gene expression in d

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19

Raineri, M., and M. Ospovat. "The initial development of gangliar rudiments in a posterior position in mytilus galloprovincialis (Mollusca: Bivalvia)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 1 (1994): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400035670.

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Histochemical methods for cholinesterase activities were applied to embryos and early larvae of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincklis Lamarck (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Mytilidae) and demonstrated that the cerebral ganglia, which are generally accepted as the first differentiating ganglia, appear after two bilaterally symmetrical nerve rudiments have developed in a posterior position prior to the trochophore stage. They are intimately associated with non-nervous superficial cells in two structures which have features of sensory organs.

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20

Fofanova, Elizaveta, Tatiana D. Mayorova, and Elena E. Voronezhskaya. "Dinophiliformia early neurogenesis suggests the evolution of conservative neural structures across the Annelida phylogenetic tree." PeerJ 9 (December 8, 2021): e12386. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12386.

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Despite the increasing data concerning the structure of the adult nervous system in various Lophotrochozoa groups, the early events during the neurogenesis of rare and unique groups need clarification. Annelida are a diverse clade of Lophotrochozoa, and their representatives demonstrate a variety of body plans, lifestyles, and life cycles. Comparative data about the early development are available for Errantia, Sedentaria, Sipuncula, and Palaeoannelida; however, our knowledge of Dinophiliformia is currently scarce. Representatives of Dinophiliformia are small interstitial worms combining uniqu

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21

Lacalli, T. C. "Prototroch structure and innervation in the trochophore larva of Phyllodoce (Polychaeta)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 1 (1986): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-028.

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The prototroch and prototroch nerve in trochophores of two Phyllodoce species are described at the ultrastructural level and interpreted with reference to the observed normal behavior of larvae during swimming. The prototroch is a complex structure consisting of four tiers of cells of which the second bears the main locomotory cilia. Cells in the other tiers also have cilia but are notable chiefly for the slender processes they send to the prototroch nerve and which evidently contribute to the sheath that surrounds the nerve. Neurociliary synapses were not observed, but the prototroch arrests

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22

Myrina, Boulais, Corporeau Charlotte, Huvet Arnaud, et al. "Assessment of oocyte and trochophore quality in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas." Aquaculture 437 (February 2015): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.025.

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23

Andersen, S., E. S. Grefsrud, and T. Harboe. "Effect of increased <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> on early shell development in great scallop (<i>Pecten maximus</i> Lamarck) larvae." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (2013): 3281–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-3281-2013.

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Abstract. As a result of high anthropogenic emission of CO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the oceans has increased causing a drop in pH, known as ocean acidification (OA). Numerous studies have shown negative effects on marine invertebrates, and that the early life stages are the most sensitive to OA. We studied the effects on embryo and larvae of great scallop (Pecten maximus L.), using mean pCO2-levels of 477 (ambient), 821, 1184, and 1627 ppm. OA affected both survival and shell growth negatively after seven days. Growth was reduced with 5–10% when pCO2 increased from ambien

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24

ROUSE, GREG W. "Trochophore concepts: ciliary bands and the evolution of larvae in spiralian Metazoa." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 66, no. 4 (1999): 411–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01920.x.

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25

Le, Dung V., Tim Young, Andrea C. Alfaro, et al. "Practical fertilization procedure and embryonic development of the New Zealand geoduck clam (Panopea zelandica)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 3 (2016): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416001685.

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Cultivation of the geoduck Panopea zelandica (Quoy & Gaimard, 1835) requires knowledge on embryonic development to produce spat in hatcheries. This study investigated the development of P. zelandica embryos at 15°C and 35 ppt and the optimal sperm:egg ratios for fertilization under hatchery conditions. Panopea zelandica broodstock were induced to spawn by serotonin injection. Sperm and eggs were collected and fertilization was conducted at sperm:egg ratios of: 50:1, 100:1, 500:1, 1000:1 and 10,000:1 over 40 min. The optimal sperm:egg ratio was <500:1 and the normal embryo yield at 3 and

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26

Eissa, Samia, Hoda Salem, Manar Kandeil, and Sama Hassan. "Embryonic Development of the Ramshorn Snail Helisoma duryi (Wetherby 1879) (Gastropoda, Planorbidae) from Gharbia Province, Egypt." EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY (Zoology) 18, no. 1 (2022): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/egysebz.20220519025006.

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Embryonic development of the freshwater planorbid snail, Helisoma duryi, reared under laboratory controlled conditions was described in detail. The morphological characters and the time course of embryonic stages are presented. H. duryi generally lay egg masses at night or in the early morning hours. The egg type of H. duryi is isolecithal, and the cleavage is spiral holoblastic. After early cleavages followed by the appearance of the blastula, gastrula, and larval (trochophore, veliger, veliconch) stages, the fully developed young snail start hatched on the eighth day. Many unique development

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27

Southward, Eve C. "Development of the gut and segmentation of newly settled stages of Ridgeia (Vestimentifera): implications for relationship between Vestimentifera and Pogonophora." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 3 (1988): 465–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400043344.

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Young vestimentiferans, ranging from 0.15 to 10 mm in length, were examined by light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The newly settled stages have a functional gut and traces of larval ciliation, which suggests that they may have developed from a planktonic trochophore stage. The larval mouth becomes an elongated siphon and the ciliated gut persists for some time after the development of the bacterial symbiosis in the trophosome. The segmentation of the body in the earliest stages is similar to that in postlarval Pogonophora, and it is concluded that Vestimentifera and Pogonophora are c

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28

Kunigelis, Stan C., and Karl M. Wilbur. "The Effects of Inorganic Phosphates on Trochophore Larvae of the Oyster,Crassostrea virginica." International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development 12, no. 2 (1987): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01688170.1987.10510314.

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29

Paniagua-Chavez, C. G., and T. R. Tiersch. "Laboratory Studies of Cryopreservation of Sperm and Trochophore Larvae of the Eastern Oyster." Cryobiology 43, no. 3 (2001): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cryo.2001.2346.

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30

Qin, Zhenkui, Aichang Ji, Meng Yan, et al. "Establishment of the first marine mollusk cell line from scallop (Chlamys farreri) trochophore." Aquaculture Reports 40 (March 2025): 102626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102626.

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31

Pruitt, Margaret M., Edward J. Letcher, Hsien-Chao Chou, Benjamin R. Bastin, and Stephan Q. Schneider. "Expression of the wnt gene complement in a spiral-cleaving embryo and trochophore larva." International Journal of Developmental Biology 58, no. 6-7-8 (2014): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.140084ss.

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32

Nezlin, L. P. "The golden age of comparative morphology: Laser scanning microscopy and neurogenesis in trochophore animals." Russian Journal of Developmental Biology 41, no. 6 (2010): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062360410060056.

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33

Rodríguez-Riveiro, R., P. Heres, and E. Paredes. "Cryopreservation of mussel trochophore larvae and long-term effects: from larval rearing to settlement." Cryobiology 85 (December 2018): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.206.

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34

Lisitskaya, E. V., and N. A. Boltachova. "The first finding of Dinophilus gyrociliatus O. Schmidt, 1857 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Dinophilidae) at the Black Sea coast of Crimea." Marine Biological Journal 1, no. 2 (2016): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2016.01.2.04.

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The first finding of the polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus O. Schmidt, 1857 on the coast of Crimea is reported. The species occurred in 2015 in the waters of Sevastopol (Kruglaya Bay) at the depth of 3–5 m. This species is characterized by the absence of pigmentation, by the presence of one ciliary ring per body segment and by extreme sexual dimorphism. Reproduction of D. gyrociliatus were investigated in the laboratory. Females released cocoons containing from 3 to 10 eggs. Eggs development took 5 days at 18.0–19.5 ℃. The larvae of two types hatch from the cocoons: large females with a lengt

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35

Qian, Pei-Yuan, and Fu-Shiang Chia. "Sexual reproduction and larval development of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma Monticelli, 1910 (Polychaeta: Ctenodrilidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 10 (1989): 2345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-331.

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Adult specimens and egg masses of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma were collected in the low intertidal zone from Execution Rock, Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in June of 1986. Each egg mass contained about 1000 eggs. The eggs were green, spherical, and measured 125–145 μm in diameter. Larval development took place within the egg mass until the three-or four-setiger stage, at which time they emerged from the egg mass. Newly emerged larvae crawled on the bottom of the culture beakers and fed on benthic diatoms. Metamorphosis took place soon after emergence and was completed within 2 weeks.

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36

Wong, Kimberly Suk-Ying, and Cesar Arenas-Mena. "Expression ofGATAandPOUtranscription factors during the development of the planktotrophic trochophore of the polychaete serpulidHydroides elegans." Evolution & Development 18, no. 4 (2016): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ede.12196.

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37

Brinkmann, Nora, and Andreas Wanninger. "Integrative analysis of polychaete ontogeny: cell proliferation patterns and myogenesis in trochophore larvae ofSabellaria alveolata." Evolution & Development 12, no. 1 (2010): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142x.2009.00386.x.

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38

Andersen, S., E. S. Grefsrud, and T. Harboe. "Effect of increased <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> level on early shell development in great scallop (<i>Pecten maximus</i> Lamarck) larvae." Biogeosciences 10, no. 10 (2013): 6161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6161-2013.

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Abstract. As a result of high anthropogenic CO2 emissions, the concentration of CO2 in the oceans has increased, causing a decrease in pH, known as ocean acidification (OA). Numerous studies have shown negative effects on marine invertebrates, and also that the early life stages are the most sensitive to OA. We studied the effects of OA on embryos and unfed larvae of the great scallop (Pecten maximus Lamarck), at pCO2 levels of 469 (ambient), 807, 1164, and 1599 μatm until seven days after fertilization. To our knowledge, this is the first study on OA effects on larvae of this species. A drop

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39

Arenas-Mena, Cesar, Kimberly Suk-Ying Wong, and Navid Arandi-Forosani. "Ciliary band gene expression patterns in the embryo and trochophore larva of an indirectly developing polychaete." Gene Expression Patterns 7, no. 5 (2007): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.modgep.2007.01.007.

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40

Hassan, N., C. Mansour, and F. Saker. "Early embryonic developmental stages of the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata (Leach, 1814) from Lattakia coast, Syria." Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences 33, no. 2 (2021): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.58629/mjms.v33i2.51.

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Matured brood stock of Pinctada radiata were collected from Afamia region in Lattakia coast. Three sets of spawning and larval rearing experiments were conducted during the period from July - October 2016 and the pearl oysters were successfully spawned at average temperature 31.5 ± 0.26 °C. After about 60 min, oocytes presented no germinal vesicle, rounded and measured 47.5-55 μm with an average of 50 ± 3.95 μm in diameter. Early stages of embryonic development were recorded and the polar body was observed 15 min after fertilization, trefoil stage at 1 h and 30 min, morula at 3 h and 30 min, b

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41

Liu, Yibing, Sarah R. Catalano, Jianguang Qin, Jiabo Han, Xin Zhan, and Xiaoxu Li. "Effects of cryopreservation on redox status and gene expression of trochophore larvae in Mytilus galloprovincialis." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 53, no. 2 (2021): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12855.

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42

Voronezhskaya, Elena, K. Glebov, Marina Khabarova, E. Ponimaskin, and L. Nezlin. "Adult-to-embryo chemical signaling in the regulation of larval development in trochophore animals: Cellular and molecular mechanisms." Acta Biologica Hungarica 59, Supplement 2 (2008): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/abiol.59.2008.suppl.19.

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43

Kenny, Nathan J., and Sebastian M. Shimeld. "Additive multiple k-mer transcriptome of the keelworm Pomatoceros lamarckii (Annelida; Serpulidae) reveals annelid trochophore transcription factor cassette." Development Genes and Evolution 222, no. 6 (2012): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-012-0416-6.

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44

Marsden, Joan R., and Harout Hassessian. "Effects of Ca2+ and catecholamines on swimming cilia of the trochophore larva of the polychaete Spirobranchus giganteus (Pallas)." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 95, no. 3 (1986): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(86)90257-1.

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Kapranova, L. L., L. V. Malakhova, M. V. Nekhoroshev, V. V. Lobko, and V. I. Ryabushko. "Fatty acid composition in trochophores of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis grown under contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls." Marine Biological Journal 5, no. 2 (2020): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2020.05.2.04.

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Status of Mytilus galloprovincialis populations in the natural habitat is known to directly depend on development of Black Sea mussel at all its stages, including initial stages of larval ontogenesis, which are very sensitive to environmental pollution. Organic pollutants adversely affect mussel larvae by inhibiting their growth and development. Patterns of mussel reproduction are well studied, which makes it possible to obtain larvae from artificially fertilized eggs of this mollusc species in controlled laboratory conditions. In this work, the fatty acid composition of M. galloprovincialis l

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Garland, CD, SL Cooke, TA McMeekin, and JE Valentine. "Effects of 0.2mm membrane-filtered seawater as a culture medium on fertilized eggs and larvae of the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 6 (1986): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860713.

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Early stages of C. gigas were reared in the laboratory at 25.5� C in 500-ml culture vessels devised to exclude contaminating microorganisms, and were fed axenic microalgae. Raw seawater or 0.2-�m membrane- filtered (m-f) seawater was used as the culture medium, changed at 2-day intervals. Eggs fertilized in raw seawater transformed at normal rates into trochophore and D-shape larvae when suspended in m-f seawater. However, the use of m-f seawater in larval culture was counterproductive in controlling bacterial populations. Compared to animals reared successfully in raw seawater, D-shape larvae

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Scarpa, John. "General Method for the Production of Developmentally-Arrested Bivalve Trochophore Larvae as a Potential Food for Marine Fish Larvae." Journal of Applied Aquaculture 12, no. 4 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j028v12n04_01.

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Simon, Natalie A., and Huiping Yang. "Cryopreservation of trochophore larvae from the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria : Evaluation of the cryoprotectant toxicity, cooling rate and thawing temperature." Aquaculture Research 49, no. 8 (2018): 2869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.13752.

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Paredes, E., J. Bellas, and S. L. Adams. "Comparative cryopreservation study of trochophore larvae from two species of bivalves: Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and Blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)." Cryobiology 67, no. 3 (2013): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.08.007.

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Mesas, Andrés, and Eduardo Tarifeño. "Upper lethal temperatures for the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819), in central coast of Chile." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, no. 3 (2017): 473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-9.

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The presence of Mytilus galloprovincialis, widely known as the Mediterranean mussel, have been genetically certified from Coliumo Bay to the Magellan Strait, in central and southern Chile, respectively. To correlate the geographic distribution of this species along the Chilean coast with its physiological tolerance to upper temperatures, experiments were carried out with adults and larval stages. Trochophore, umbonate veliger, and pre-metamorphic larvae were submitted to experimental temperatures from 17-33°C, during 24 h to determine the upper temperature limit. Meanwhile, adult experiments w

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