Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trolley problem

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Trolley problem'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Trolley problem"

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PINCIONE, GUIDO. "The Trolley Problem as a Problem for Libertarians." Utilitas 19, no. 4 (November 12, 2007): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002713.

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Many political libertarians argue, or assume, that negative moral duties (duties not to harm others) prevail over positive moral duties (duties to aid others), and that the legal system ought to reflect such pre-eminence. I call into question this strategy for defending a libertarian order. I start by arguing that a successful account of the well-known case of a runaway trolley that is about to kill five innocents unless a passer-by diverts it onto one innocent, killing him, should point to (i) the ex ante advantage to all six of being subject to a policy of redirection of runaway trolleys, and (ii) the causal structure of killing vs. letting-die choices. I then argue that this account of the trolley case entails that legal systems reflecting the relative stringency of negative and positive moral duties should uphold redistributive measures at odds with libertarianism. The assumption that the legal system ought to reflect, through non-causal routes, moral principles and their relative weights leads to either an ideal-theory (in Rawls's sense) assessment of libertarianism or a symbolic account of the relationships between morality and law. Libertarians should undermine this assumption if they hope to offer an all-things-considered case for free markets.
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Özçiftci, Vedat Menderes. "The Trolley Problem." Turkish Journal of Bioethics 3, no. 4 (2016): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/tjob.2016.33042.

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Wasserman, Jacob L. "The Trolley Problem." Vanderbilt Historical Review 2016, Spring (2016): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/vhr.2016spring.49.

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Wasserman, Jacob L. "The Trolley Problem." Vanderbilt Historical Review 2016, Spring (2016): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15695/vhr.2016spring.49-2.

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Graham, Peter. "Thomson's Trolley Problem." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 12, no. 2 (October 2, 2017): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v12i2.227.

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No one has done more over the past four decades to draw attention to the importance of, and attempt to solve, a particularly vexing problem in ethics—the Trolley Problem—than Judith Jarvis Thomson. Though the problem is originally due to Philippa Foot (“The Problem of Abortion and the Doctrine of Double Effect”), Thomson showed how Foot’s simple solution would not do and offered some solutions of her own. No solution is uncontroversial and the problem remains a thorn in the side of non-consequentialist moral theory. Recently, however, Thomson has changed her mind about the problem. She no longer thinks she was right to reject Foot’s solution to it. I argue that, though illuminating, Thomson’s current take on the Trolley Problem is mistaken. I end with a solution to the problem that I find promising.
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Thomson, Judith Jarvis. "The Trolley Problem." Yale Law Journal 94, no. 6 (May 1985): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/796133.

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Ananda, Gheri Febri, Cici Wahyuni, Ellsa Sania, and Sukardi Sukardi. "Design of An Automatic Follower Shopping Trolley Based on Image Processing." Teknomekanik 2, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/tm.v2i1.3472.

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In the era of industrial revolution 4.0, all human activities are replaced by machines. Humans are required to optimize brain function than muscle function. All human work is facilitated by robots or tools work automatically. For example, shopping activities in the modern market. Consumers prefer to shop in the modern market than the traditional market, because the items are complete, neatly arranged, and they have facilities like trolleys as transporters. Trolleys can be pushed and pulled easily. But when shopping, parents have a problem with pushing or pulling a trolley when they carrying their children. Therefore, we created a design for automatic follower shopping trolley based on image processing which can follow the consumers when shopping. This trolley has a webcam camera as a sensor to take pictures of the objects or special accessories that used by consumers. The result of data are processed in such a way and then it will be obtained the x and y coordinates positions of the consumer and the next data will be sent to the Raspberry Pi 3 which will automatically determine the movement of the trolley. The test results showed that the distance range detected between trolleys and consumers ranged from 0.5 meters to 2 meters, and trolleys can move according to the point where the object was detected. Thus, the trolley can follow the user well.
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Timbadia, Virag A., Rajendra S. Khavekar, and K. N. Vijayakumar. "Design and Development of a Multi-Purpose Trolley." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2017): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2017/15871.

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Trolley is the device used for carrying load or to transport the material from one point to another. For different types of application various types of trollies are available in the market. Depending upon the specific use the one will select the trolley, but it is limited to do a specific work. To overcome this problem, a new trolley was designed which could be used for multi-purpose. There are many types of trolley available in the market for various fields like airport, shopping malls, industries, hospitals etc. to carry the heavy or light loads. This paper contains the development of trolley, which includes design on the basis of creativity skills and fabrication, which can be used for more than one type of task. The trolley designed is the integration of airport trolley and shopping mall trolley. One more advantageous feature added to the design was a motorized wheel which reduces the human effort for carrying of load and also it can be operated manually if required.
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Osorio, Robert, and Guillermo Palchik. "The Transplant Trolley Problem." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31, no. 3 (July 2022): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180121000980.

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Sportiello, Daniel John. "THE TROLLEY META-PROBLEM." Think 21, no. 62 (2022): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175622000033.

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For many years, philosophers have argued about the Trolley Problem – but they've also argued about whether the problem ought to interest us. According to some, the artificiality of the situations means that they involve no complicating factors – and so we ought to take our intuitions about them especially seriously. According to others, though, the artificiality of the situations means that our intuitions about them are meaningless. I hereby name the puzzle of why our intuitions about this differ the ‘Trolley Meta-Problem’. The story that follows illustrates this problem – and the Trolley Problem itself – in a humorous way.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trolley problem"

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Jones, Ben H. "Exploring moral dilemmas in simulated traffic situations involving the use of autonomous vehicles while measuring neuropsychological correlates of driver intervention performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232692/1/Ben_Jones_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis looks at human takeover of autonomous vehicles during a moral dilemma, and the numerous factors that can affect such an event, whilst utilising physiological measurements. Using the trolley problem as the moral dilemma and EEG measurements to assess cortical arousal, this thesis examined differences in moral outcomes and in arousal during autonomous and active driving, at differing points of the drive and the trolley problem.
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Inglot, Agnieszka, and Oskar Franzén. "PREVENTION OF WHEEL WEAR, A CASE STUDY : Developing a functioning wheel profile for rail-mounted transportation trolley." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17695.

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This bachelor’s degree project aimed to improve the wheel profile of a rail mounted trolley and determine the cause of wheel failure. The proceedings of this project where modelled after an approach for solving wear problems with an emphasis on designing for sustainability. A case study and root cause analysis (RCA) was performed and the flanged wheels were deemed insufficient for the given heavy-haul system. Possible areas of wheel profile improvement were identified and further researched with multiple literature reviews. Throughout the projects duration several limitations were introduced that reduced the concept testing to exclusively theoretical prediction models. Archard’s model was implemented to predict wear and operating time for the proposed material and wheel tread profile concepts. The wheel flange dimensions were chosen based on recommendations from wheel and rail interference handbooks among other sources. The final wheel and rail profile suggestion improved operating time by approximately 300% and wear resistance by 50% compared to its predecessor. This result was achieved by applying the same theoretical prediction model to both current and suggested profiles. The findings of this project are meant to aid SCA among others in similar cases and additionally highlight the value of product improvement from a technological, sociological, and environmental perspective.
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Fröcklin, Henry. "Computational model for morality and emotions in EmoBN." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-112096.

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This master thesis presents an approach on how to design moral behaviour in a scenario with een. een is an iteration of emobn which is based on bn, an action selection system with activation dynamics among modules, goal oriented and capable of prediction and planing. The design is based on current research from prominent psychologist like Haidt and uses Mikhial’s umg framework for causal and intentional validation. Also Roseman’s appraisal model and Haidt’s mft is used for determining moral emotions in a moral context. The design is tested against empirical results from philosophical experiment know as the trol- ley problem, a well known moral dilemma.
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Ferrer, Eric Christopher. "Trains, Trolley Cars, and Lifeboats: A Solution to Agent-Centered Restrictions and Tragic Questions through the Application of Middle Theory." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/887.

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This Thesis will examine how the framing of ‘trolley problems’ incorrectly motivates arithmetic rankings of states of affairs by removing context. This is problematic because the context of these problems provides the tools to solve moral dilemmas by allowing one to analyze the relevant motivations, moral implications, duties, values, and personal and societal obligations that one has. I will discuss Samuel Scheffler’s charge that a paradox exists within agent-centered restrictions and how his abstract paradigmatic case leads to arithmetic rankings of choices, which are both unrealistic and lead to tragic and morally unacceptable decision making. I will argue that Allen Wood’s Middle Theory can help dispel the apparent paradox and demonstrate a better way to examine ‘trolley problems’. I will further discuss how Martha Nussbaum’s analysis of tragic questions illuminates the issues surrounding such problems providing a morally acceptable way to account for the occasional unavoidable harm that results in decision-making caused by solving ‘trolley problems.’ Taken together, Wood’s and Nussbaum’s theories and analysis provide potential solutions to ‘trolley problems.’
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Oliveira, Silvana Aparecida Ceregato de. "ABORDAGEM BAYESIANA PARA PROBLEMAS DE SELECAO E CON- TROLE: APLICACAO EM EXPERIMENTOS E CAPTURA E RECAPTU-RA." Universidade de São Paulo, 1996. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-15012018-084442/.

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Neste trabalho propomos algumas soluções para problemas de seleção e controle introduzidos por Marsh e Zellner (1994). Estudamos soluções ótimas obtidas através de diferentes funções de perda e comparamos tais soluções com a chamada \"solução do diretor\". Além disso, enfocamos os problemas de controle de uma forma distinta da proposta em Marsh e Zellner, utilizando o conceito de densidade preditiva. Introduzimos o modelo de regressão logística em problemas de seleção e controle com heterogeneidade, obtendo soluções via Inferência Clássica e Inferência Bayesiana Assintótica. Analisamos um conjunto de dados simulados a fim de exemplificar o emprego do modelo de regressão logística em tais problemas. Baseando-nos em Geisser (1982), utilizamos funções de perda e densidade preditiva para obter soluções ótimas para problemas de seleção e controle. Procedemos a uma análise para verificar qual o impacto da função de perda na escolha dos parâmetros da distribuição a priori de O: probabilidade dos indivíduos aceitarem uma oferta para um curso a ser realizado. Na tentativa de solucionar problemas de captura-recaptura através de problemas de controle investigamos um estimador bastante conhecido, o estimador de Petersen (1896) e, através da Inferência Bayesiana, propomos um ajuste para o mesmo, similar às correções de Bartlett (1937). Através de um exemplo com dados simulados é possível verificar que o ajuste melhora sensivelmente as estimativas do tamanho de uma população animal.
In this work we propose some solutions to the problems of selection and control introduced by Marsh and Zellner (1994). Optimal solutions are obtained under different loss functions and compared with the Dean\'s solution. We also consider the control problems from the predictive density point of view which is quite different from Marsh and Zellner\'s approach. The logistic regression model is used to solve the selection and control problems with heterogeneity by Classical and Bayesian procedures. We also generate a set of data to illustrate the performance of our proposed procedures. Geisser\'s predictive approach is used, under different loss functions, to get optimal solutions to the selection and control problems and the influence of these loss functions on the choice of the parameters of the prior distributions is considered. The capture-recapture procedure, when solving as a control problem, the optimal Bayes solution is the well-known Petersen\'s estimator multiplied by an adjusted factor similar to the Bartlett\'s correction. An example with simulated data shows how much this adjusted factor improves the estimatives of the population size.
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Björklin, Hampus, Tim Abrahamsson, and Oscar Widenfalk. "A retrieval-based chatbot ́s opinion on the trolley problem." Thesis, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446909.

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The goal of this project was to create a chatbot capable of debating a user using limited resources including a discussion thread from the online debate forum Kialo. A retrieval based bot was designed and the discussion thread was converted into a database which the bot could interpret and choose an appropriate answer from. Which answer is appropriate is decided by the bot using a few key features in a given input sentence. The main features are word similarity, sentiment distance and BERT-encoding (a model for vector representation of text created by Google). The similarity of these features where then used to score claims from the dataset. Combining and weighting the scores was then used to find the correct response to a given input sentence. The most successful of the features was BERT-encoding. Once the bot had been refined it was brought online and tested using the communication platform Discord.
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CHU, LING-JUNG, and 朱玲王蓉. "A Review of the Quest of Self Through the Animation “The Trolley Problem”." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xfyx43.

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碩士
國立臺南藝術大學
動畫藝術與影像美學研究所
102
Throughout the years working in the advertising industry, I have always kept the dream of creating works of my own. Only after I entered Tainan National University of the Arts(TNNUA), I started to dig and reorganize my inner self. Slowly but steadilly, I pave my way for producing art work. “Trolley Problem” is the final deliverable of my study of animation in TNNUA. In this short film, I adopt the form of a thought experiment in ethics to discuss why people can not be quantified, and to respond to the claims of Utilitarianism. After all, producing creative work itself is a process to recognize humanity. This is also the reason why I chose to pursue this field. The first half of this thesis is a look back of me getting into film art and production, including how I first started, the experiences in making animated clips for commercials, the advanced knowledge obtained in my graduate study, the production of the independent film ”The Restless Bird”, and the animation “A Memorandum of Dry Baths” during my leave of absence. The second half describes the process of making “Trolly Problem”, from the initiation of idea, the development of style, to the details in producing the animated film. This work is yet another attempt of practicing new animation techniques after my first try in “The Restless Bird”; it also marks a milestone in my journey of animation. I aim to continue to learn different animation techniques and to develop more seasoned works in the future.
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"Design of an Immersive Virtual Environment to Investigate How Different Drivers Crash in Trolley-Problem Scenarios." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53880.

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abstract: The Autonomous Vehicle (AV), also known as self-driving car, promises to be a game changer for the transportation industry. This technology is predicted to drastically reduce the number of traffic fatalities due to human error [21]. However, road driving at any reasonable speed involves some risks. Therefore, even with high-tech AV algorithms and sophisticated sensors, there may be unavoidable crashes due to imperfection of the AV systems, or unexpected encounters with wildlife, children and pedestrians. Whenever there is a risk involved, there is the need for an ethical decision to be made [33]. While ethical and moral decision-making in humans has long been studied by experts, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) also calls for machine ethics. To study the different moral and ethical decisions made by humans, experts may use the Trolley Problem [34], which is a scenario where one must pull a switch near a trolley track to redirect the trolley to kill one person on the track or do nothing, which will result in the deaths of five people. While it is important to take into account the input of members of a society and perform studies to understand how humans crash during unavoidable accidents to help program moral and ethical decision-making into self-driving cars, using the classical trolley problem is not ideal, as it is unrealistic and does not represent moral situations that people face in the real world. This work seeks to increase the realism of the classical trolley problem for use in studies on moral and ethical decision-making by simulating realistic driving conditions in an immersive virtual environment with unavoidable crash scenarios, to investigate how drivers crash during these scenarios. Chapter 1 gives an in-depth background into autonomous vehicles and relevant ethical and moral problems; Chapter 2 describes current state-of-the-art online tools and simulators that were developed to study moral decision-making during unavoidable crashes. Chapters 3 focuses on building the simulator and the design of the crash scenarios. Chapter 4 describes human subjects experiments that were conducted with the simulator and their results, and Chapter 5 provides conclusions and avenues for future work.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2019
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Martins, Sofia de Vilhena Morais Seixas. "O tipo objetivo de ilícito penal no contexto dos veículos autónomos : o nexo de causalidade e o critério da previsibilidade." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29359.

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Books on the topic "Trolley problem"

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Thomson, Judith Jarvis. The trolley problem. [Toronto, Ont.]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1985.

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Lange, Silke Dorothée. Moral reasoning--the important role of individual perception: Inter-cultural comparison of bioethical dilemmas : an inquiry of trolley dilemmas in Germany and India. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008.

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Trolley Problem. Cambridge University Press, 2022.

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Lillehammer, Hallvard. Trolley Problem. Cambridge University Press, 2022.

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Trolley Problem Mysteries. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.

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Kamm, F. M. The Trolley Problem Mysteries. Oxford University Press, 2019.

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Kamm, F. M. The Trolley Problem Mysteries. Edited by Eric Rakowski. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190247157.001.0001.

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Vijay, Sujith. Solving the Trolley Problem. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: The Trolley Problem and Beyond. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2022.

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Cadigan, Pat. AI and the Trolley Problem: A Tor. com Original. Doherty Associates, LLC, Tom, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trolley problem"

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Randazzo, Giovanni. "Trolley Problem, The." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_472-1.

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Randazzo, Giovanni. "Trolley Problem, The." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8249–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_472.

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Greene, Joshua D. "Solving the Trolley Problem." In A Companion to Experimental Philosophy, 173–89. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118661666.ch11.

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Steen, Marc. "The problem with the ‘Trolley Problem’." In Ethics for people who work in tech, 47–50. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088776-6.

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Egger, Richard. "Spektakuläre Ethik: Das Trolley-Problem." In Mehr Menschlichkeit!, 59–73. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35119-9_6.

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Steenson, Molly Wright. "AI, Ethics, and Design: Revisiting the Trolley Problem." In Handbook of Global Media Ethics, 513–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32103-5_26.

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McCoy, Mark. "Trolley Problem, or Would You Throw the Fat Guy Off the Bridge?" In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_485-1.

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McCoy, Mark. "Trolley Problem, or Would You Throw the Fat Guy Off the Bridge?" In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8246–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_485.

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Zhao, Liang, and Wenlong Li. "“Choose for No Choose”—Random-Selecting Option for the Trolley Problem in Autonomous Driving." In LISS2019, 665–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5682-1_48.

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Zelenkauskaite, Asta. "Bots, Trolls, Elves, and the Information War in Lithuania: Theoretical Considerations and Practical Problems." In The Palgrave Macmillan Series in International Political Communication, 123–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99987-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trolley problem"

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Mirnig, Alexander G., and Alexander Meschtscherjakov. "Trolled by the Trolley Problem." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300739.

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Frison, Anna-Katharina, Philipp Wintersberger, and Andreas Riener. "First Person Trolley Problem." In AutomotiveUI'16: 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3004323.3004336.

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Schmid, Steven R., and James J. Mason. "The Trolley Problem and the Type IV Safety Device." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65185.

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The Trolley Problem is a common problem considered by philosophers, because of the many variations that exist and the subtle differences in solutions that can be generated. Recent research has coupled the Trolley Problem with neuroimaging techniques (fMRI), and demonstrates a complex interaction between cognitive and emotional responses depending on the problem variant. This paper poses the Engineer’s variant of the Trolley problem, namely whether or not an engineer should incorporate safety devices in design if the safety devices have a downside with respect to safety. The authors provide a design paradigm that incorporates the Dangerous Safeguard Consensus, the Intrinsic Classification of Safeguard Devices, and the Safeguard Evaluation Protocol. This paradigm is consistent with the admonitions in the safety literature, industry standards, and governmental codes, the incommensurability of human lives and a utilitarian world view.
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Cheng, Wei, Zhengyang Liu, Panpan Chai, Zhiming Wang, and Lei Wang. "Analysis and Treatment of Trolley Overload Problem of Fuel Transfer System." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93315.

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Abstract Fuel transfer system is one of the key equipment which belongs to the fuel handling and storage system (PMC system) in PWR nuclear power plant. Its safe and stable operation is a prerequisite for fuel loading and unloading operation. During the first loading of a nuclear power plant in China, fuel transfer system had an overload problem of the conveyor trolley. The fuel loading operation was forced to stop on site, and the troubleshooting and treatment of this problem were carried out. This paper makes an in-depth analysis and research on this problem by using the Root Cause Analysis Method. After analyzing and troubleshooting the factors that may cause this problem one by one, we confirmed that the problem was caused by the over tolerance of the trolley straightness and the parallelism defect of some supporting rollers. Through adjusting the straightness of the conveyor trolley and the parallelism of the supporting rollers, this overload problem was finally solved successfully. All the results of the dry test, the 1m water test, the full water test and the fuel loading operation indicated that the conveyor trolley is in good working condition. The operating current of conveyor trolley is also stable within the design range.
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Holstein, Tobias, and Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic. "Avoiding the intrinsic unfairness of the trolley problem." In ICSE '18: 40th International Conference on Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3194770.3194772.

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Wilson, Jason R., and Matthias Scheutz. "A model of empathy to shape trolley problem moral judgements." In 2015 International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acii.2015.7344559.

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Kumar, Randhir, and K. Kurien Issac. "Obstacle Avoidance and Minimum Time Control of Cranes Using Flat Outputs and Nonlinear Programming." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59532.

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The problem addressed here is to determine controls for moving a load along specified trajectories which avoid obstacles. It is possible to use flat outputs to determine inputs when hoist motion is present. However, when hoist is locked, the system does not appear to be differentially flat, and hence the above approach could not be used. We propose an iterative algorithm for the problem of calculating trolley motions in this case. Results for load motions requiring (a) travel and traverse of the trolley and hoist, (b) travel and hoist, and (c) travel alone, are presented. We also use flat outputs to formulate the minimum time control problem as a nonlinear programming problem, with constraints arising from limits on trolley and hoist accelerations and velocities, and positive rope tension. Solutions obtained are also presented.
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8

Lee, Ho-Hoon, and Yi Liang. "A Robust Anti-Swing Trajectory Control of Overhead Cranes With High-Speed Load Hoisting: Experimental Study." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39708.

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The objective of this study is to solve serious robustness problems in the anti-swing trajectory control of overhead cranes caused by unavoidable mechanical inaccuracies and installation errors such as locally sloped trolley rails. Based on the theoretical results in the preliminary study, this paper experimentally shows that the proposed anti-swing control solves this robustness problem due to the usual mechanical inaccuracies and installation errors in application.
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9

Lee, Ho-Hoon. "A Robust Anti-Swing Trajectory Control of Overhead Cranes With High-Speed Load Hoisting: Simulation Study." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10128.

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This paper proposes a new approach for the anti-swing trajectory control of overhead cranes that allows simultaneous high-speed load hoisting. The objective of this study is to design an anti-swing trajectory control scheme that is robust to unavoidable mechanical inaccuracies and installation errors such as locally sloped trolley rails. First, a coupled sliding surface is defined based on the load-swing dynamics, and then the stability of the coupled sliding surface is shown to be equivalent to that of trolley tracking errors. Next, a robust anti-swing trajectory control scheme, minimizing the coupled sliding surface asymptotically to zero, is designed based on the trolley and load-hoisting dynamics. Finally, the proposed control is extended to an adaptive scheme. In this study, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used as a mathematical design tool. The proposed control guarantees asymptotic stability of the anti-swing trajectory control while keeping all internal signals bounded. The proposed control provides a practical solution for the robustness problem caused by the usual mechanical inaccuracies and installation errors in application. The proposed control also provides clear gain-tuning criteria for easy application. The validity of the theoretical results is shown by computer simulation.
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10

Dmitruk, Andrei, and Ivan Samylovskiy. "On a trolley-like problem in the presence of a nonlinear friction and a bounded fuel expenditure." In 2013 9th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2013.6606007.

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Reports on the topic "Trolley problem"

1

Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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2

Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0001.

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Abstract:
Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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