Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trophallaxis / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Trophallaxis.

Journal articles on the topic 'Trophallaxis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Trophallaxis.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

LeBoeuf, Adria C. "Trophallaxis." Current Biology 27, no. 24 (2017): R1299—R1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.047.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Boulay, R., V. Soroker, E. J. Godzinska, A. Hefetz, and A. Lenoir. "Octopamine reverses the isolation-induced increase in trophallaxis in the carpenter ant Camponotus fellah." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 3 (2000): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.3.513.

Full text

Abstract:

Social deprivation is an unusual situation for ants that normally maintain continuous contact with their nestmates. When a worker was experimentally isolated for 5 days and then reunited with a nestmate, she engaged in prolonged trophallaxis. It is suggested that trophallaxis allows her to restore a social bond with her nestmates and to re-integrate into the colony, particularly via the exchange of colony-specific hydrocarbons. Octopamine reduced trophallaxis in these workers as well as hydrocarbon transfer between nestmates, but not hydrocarbon biosynthesis. Administration of serotonin to suc

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

WCISLO, WILLIAM T. "Trophallaxis in weakly social bees (Apoidea)." Ecological Entomology 41, no. 1 (2015): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12289.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Yaguchi, Hajime, Takaya Inoue, Ken Sasaki, and Kiyoto Maekawa. "Dopamine regulates termite soldier differentiation through trophallactic behaviours." Royal Society Open Science 3, no. 2 (2016): 150574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150574.

Full text

Abstract:

Caste polyphenism in social insects is regulated by social interactions among colony members. Trophallaxis is one of the most frequently observed interactions, but no studies have been conducted identifying the intrinsic factors involved in this behaviour and caste differentiation. Dopamine (DA) has multiple roles in the modulation of behaviours and physiology, and it produces species-specific behaviours in animals. Here, to verify the role of DA in termite soldier differentiation, we focused on the first soldier in an incipient colony of Zootermopsis nevadensis , which always differentiates f

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Contrera, F. A. L., V. L. Imperatriz-Fonseca, and D. Koedam. "Trophallaxis and reproductive conflicts in social bees." Insectes Sociaux 57, no. 2 (2009): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-009-0058-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

de Melo, G. A. R., and L. A. de O. Campos. "Trophallaxis in a primitively social sphecid wasp." Insectes Sociaux 40, no. 1 (1993): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01338836.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Farina, W. M., and A. J. Wainselboim. "Changes in the thoracic temperature of honeybees while receiving nectar from foragers collecting at different reward rates." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 9 (2001): 1653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.9.1653.

Full text

Abstract:

Mouth-to-mouth food exchange in eusocial insects (trophallaxis) contributes to the organization of complex social activities. In the case of honeybees, foragers returning from a nectar source transfer the food collected to receiver colony-mates through oral contact. Previous studies have shown that the speed of nectar transfer within each contact (unloading rate) increases when foragers return from feeding sites with higher profitability, i.e. with more concentrated sugar solutions or higher solution flow rates. However, there is no evidence that the nectar unloading rate is actually evaluated

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hamilton, Casey, Brian T. Lejeune, and Rebeca B. Rosengaus. "Trophallaxis and prophylaxis: social immunity in the carpenter ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (2010): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0466.

Full text

Abstract:

In social insects, group behaviour can increase disease resistance among nest-mates and generate social prophylaxis. Stomodeal trophallaxis, or mutual feeding through regurgitation, may boost colony-level immunocompetence. We provide evidence for increased trophallactic behaviour among immunized workers of the carpenter ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus , which, together with increased antimicrobial activity of the regurgitate droplet, help explain the improved survival of droplet recipient ants relative to controls following an immune challenge. We have identified a protein related to cathepsin D

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Neumann, Peter, Jan Naef, Karl Crailsheim, Robin M. Crewe, and Christian W. W. Pirk. "Hit‐and‐run trophallaxis of small hive beetles." Ecology and Evolution 5, no. 23 (2015): 5478–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1806.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Frasnelli, Elisa, Ivan Iakovlev, and Zhanna Reznikova. "Asymmetry in antennal contacts during trophallaxis in ants." Behavioural Brain Research 232, no. 1 (2012): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2012.03.014.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Bos, Nick, Viljami Kankaanpää-Kukkonen, Dalial Freitak, Dimitri Stucki, and Liselotte Sundström. "Comparison of Twelve Ant Species and Their Susceptibility to Fungal Infection." Insects 10, no. 9 (2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10090271.

Full text

Abstract:

Eusocial insects, such as ants, have access to complex disease defenses both at the individual, and at the colony level. However, different species may be exposed to different diseases, and/or deploy different methods of coping with disease. Here, we studied and compared survival after fungal exposure in 12 species of ants, all of which inhabit similar habitats. We exposed the ants to two entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum), and measured how exposure to these fungi influenced survival. We furthermore recorded hygienic behaviors, such as autogrooming, allogroomi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Gil, M. "Olfactory learning by means of trophallaxis in Apis mellifera." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 4 (2005): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Farina, Walter M., and Josué A. Núñez. "Trophallaxis in honey bees: transfer delay and daily modulation." Animal Behaviour 45, no. 6 (1993): 1227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1993.1144.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Kukuk, P. F., and R. H. Crozier. "Trophallaxis in a communal halictine bee Lasioglossum (Chilalictus) erythrurum." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, no. 14 (1990): 5402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.14.5402.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Thompson, Faye J., Kingsley L. Hunt, Kallum Wright, et al. "Who goes there? Social surveillance as a response to intergroup conflict in a primitive termite." Biology Letters 16, no. 7 (2020): 20200131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2020.0131.

Full text

Abstract:

Intergroup conflict has been suggested as a major force shaping the evolution of social behaviour in animal groups. A long-standing hypothesis is that groups at risk of attack by rivals should become more socially cohesive, to increase resilience or protect against future attack. However, it is usually unclear how cohesive behaviours (such as grooming or social contacts) function in intergroup conflict. We performed an experiment in which we exposed young colonies of the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis , to a rival colony while preventing physical combat with a permeable barrier.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Hojo, Masaru K., Ayako Wada-Katsumata, Toshiharu Akino, Susumu Yamaguchi, Mamiko Ozaki, and Ryohei Yamaoka. "Chemical disguise as particular caste of host ants in the ant inquiline parasite Niphanda fusca (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1656 (2008): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1064.

Full text

Abstract:

The exploitation of parental care is common in avian and insect ‘cuckoos’ and these species engage in a coevolutionary arms race. Caterpillars of the lycaenid butterfly Niphanda fusca develop as parasites inside the nests of host ants ( Camponotus japonicus ) where they grow by feeding on the worker trophallaxis. We hypothesized that N. fusca caterpillars chemically mimic host larvae, or some particular castes of the host ant, so that the caterpillars are accepted and cared for by the host workers. Behaviourally, it was observed that the host workers enthusiastically tended glass dummies coate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Conti, A., A. Ugolini, and M. Vannini. "Preliminary observations on trophallaxis inPardosa hortensis(Thorell 1872) (Lycosidae Araneae)." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 3, sup1 (1991): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03949370.1991.10721929.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Hashimoto, Y., K. Yamauchi, and E. Hasegawa. "Unique habits of stomodeal trophallaxis in the ponerine antHypoponera sp." Insectes Sociaux 42, no. 2 (1995): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01242450.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Gil, M., and W. M. Farina. "Crop scents affect the occurrence of trophallaxis among forager honeybees." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 189, no. 5 (2003): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-003-0412-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Moritz, R. F. A., and M. Hallmen. "Trophallaxis of worker honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) of different ages." Insectes Sociaux 33, no. 1 (1986): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02224032.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Logan, James W. M., and Faizah Abood. "Laboratory trials on the toxicity of hydramethylnon (Amdro; AC 217,300) to Reticulitermes santonensis Feytaud (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and Microtermes lepidus Sjöstedt (Isoptera: Termitidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 1 (1990): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300045867.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe amidinohydrazone insecticide hydramethylnon, exhibited delayed toxicity to workers of Reticulitermes santonensis Feytaud and Microtermes lepidus Sjöstedt over a range of concentrations, with deaths starting two to six days after exposure. R. santonensis workers which had been exposed to hydramethylnon passed the insecticide to untreated termite workers, larvae and nymphs by trophallaxis. Laboratory colonies of R. santonensis exposed to hydramethylnon were killed completely within 20 days. The possible use of hydramethylnon impregnated baits for the control of subterranean termites

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Provecho, Y., and R. Josens. "Olfactory memory established during trophallaxis affects food search behaviour in ants." Journal of Experimental Biology 212, no. 20 (2009): 3221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.033506.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Cassill, D. L., and W. R. Tschinkel. "A duration constant for worker-to-larva trophallaxis in fire ants." Insectes Sociaux 43, no. 2 (1996): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01242567.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Mirabito, D., and R. B. Rosengaus. "A double-edged sword? The cost of proctodeal trophallaxis in termites." Insectes Sociaux 63, no. 1 (2015): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0448-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

De Marco, R. J., and W. M. Farina. "Trophallaxis in forager honeybees (Apis mellifera): resource uncertainty enhances begging contacts?" Journal of Comparative Physiology A 189, no. 2 (2003): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-002-0382-y.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

MORGULIS, ELIZABETH. "Review of Otites Latreille (Diptera: Ulidiidae) from Israel with two new species and notes on biology and behavior." Zootaxa 3619, no. 5 (2013): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3619.5.3.

Full text

Abstract:

The genus Otites Latreille was recorded for the first time from Israel during the study of Ulidiidae in the local fauna in 2009–2012, with three species occurring here: O. grata Loew, O. nox n. sp. and O. vitalyi n. sp. The three species are described and illustrated, and a key for their identification is provided. Laboratory behavioral observations on live O. grata individuals revealed a new mating trophallaxis behavior: a transfer of substance, during copulation, through the genital tracts of the male to the female, which the female expels and consumes after copulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Hayashi, Masayuki, Masaru K. Hojo, Masashi Nomura, and Kazuki Tsuji. "Social transmission of information about a mutualist via trophallaxis in ant colonies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (2017): 20171367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1367.

Full text

Abstract:

Partner discrimination is crucial in mutualistic interactions between organisms to counteract cheating by the partner. Trophobiosis between ants and aphids is a model system of such mutualistic interaction. To establish and maintain the mutualistic association, ants need to correctly discriminate mutualistic aphids. However, the mechanism by which ants recognize aphids as their partners is poorly understood, despite its ecological and evolutionary importance. Here, we show for the first time the evidence that interaction with nest-mates that have tended aphids ( Aphis craccivora ) allows ants

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Foo, Foong-Kuan, Ahmad Sofiman Othman, and Chow-Yang Lee. "Longevity, trophallaxis, and allogrooming inMacrotermes gilvussoldiers infected by the parasitoid flyMisotermes mindeni." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 155, no. 2 (2015): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eea.12296.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

NALEPA, CHRISTINE A. "Origin of termite eusociality: trophallaxis integrates the social, nutritional, and microbial environments." Ecological Entomology 40, no. 4 (2015): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12197.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Huang, Qiu-Ying, Wei-Ping Wang, Rang-Yu Mo, and Chao-Liang Lei. "Studies on feeding and trophallaxis in the subterranean termiteOdontotermes formosanususing rubidium chloride." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 129, no. 2 (2008): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2008.00764.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Duan, HaiBin, QiNan Luo, and YaXiang Yu. "Trophallaxis network control approach to formation flight of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles." Science China Technological Sciences 56, no. 5 (2013): 1066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-013-5199-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Moreira, D. D. O., M. Erthal, M. P. Carrera, C. P. Silva, and R. I. Samuels. "Oral trophallaxis in adult leaf-cutting ants Acromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Insectes Sociaux 53, no. 3 (2006): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-006-0879-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Villet, M. H., S. A. Hanrahan, and C. Walther. "Larval structures associated with larva-to-adult trophallaxis in Platythyrea (Hymenoptera : Formicidae)." International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology 19, no. 5-6 (1990): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7322(90)90010-m.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Su, N.-Y., and J. P. La Fage. "Initiation of worker-soldier trophallaxis by the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)." Insectes Sociaux 34, no. 3 (1987): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02224089.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Su, N. Y., and J. P. La Fage. "Initiation of worker-soldier trophallaxis by the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)." Insectes Sociaux 34, no. 4 (1987): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02224355.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sola, F. J., and R. Josens. "Feeding behavior and social interactions of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile change with sucrose concentration." Bulletin of Entomological Research 106, no. 4 (2016): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485316000201.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractLiquid sugar baits are well accepted by the Argentine ant Linepithema humile and are suitable for the chemical control of this invasive species. We evaluated how sugar concentrations affect the foraging behavior of L. humile individuals. We quantified feeding variables for individual foragers (ingested load, feeding time and solution intake rate) when feeding on sucrose solutions of different concentrations, as well as post-feeding interactions with nestmates. Solutions of intermediate sucrose concentrations (10–30%) were the most consumed and had the highest intake rates, whereas solu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Shimada, Keisuke, Nathan Lo, Osamu Kitade, Akane Wakui, and Kiyoto Maekawa. "Cellulolytic Protist Numbers Rise and Fall Dramatically in Termite Queens and Kings during Colony Foundation." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 4 (2013): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00286-12.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTAmong the best-known examples of mutualistic symbioses is that between lower termites and the cellulolytic flagellate protists in their hindguts. Although the symbiosis in worker termites has attracted much attention, there have been only a few studies of protists in other castes. We have performed the first examination of protist population dynamics in queens and kings during termite colony foundation. Protist numbers, as well as measurements of hindgut and reproductive tissue sizes, were undertaken at five time points over 400 days in incipient colonies ofReticulitermes speratus, as

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Moonjaita, Choladawan, Hemma Philamore, and Fumitoshi Matsuno. "Trophallaxis with predetermined energy threshold for enhanced performance in swarms of scavenger robots." Artificial Life and Robotics 23, no. 4 (2018): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10015-018-0497-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Moritz, Robin F. A., and Elke Hillesheim. "Trophallaxis and genetic variance of kin recognition in honey bees, Apis mellifera L." Animal Behaviour 40, no. 4 (1990): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-3472(05)80693-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Farina, Walter M., and Josué A. Núñez. "Trophallaxis inApis mellifera: effects of sugar concentration and crop load on food distribution." Journal of Apicultural Research 34, no. 2 (1995): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1995.11100893.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mayer, Kimberly M., Linda C. McNally, and Stanley S. Schneider. "Ovarian Development and Trophallaxis in Queenless Colonies of the Honey Bee,Apis Mellifera." Journal of Apicultural Research 37, no. 4 (1998): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1998.11100988.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Suryanarayanan, Sainath, and Robert L. Jeanne. "Antennal Drumming, Trophallaxis, and Colony Development in the Social WaspPolistes fuscatus(Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Ethology 114, no. 12 (2008): 1201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01561.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Sanada, S., T. Satoh, and Y. Obara. "Trophallaxis and genetic relationships among workers in colonies of the polygynous antCamponotus yamaokai." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 9, no. 2 (1997): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1997.9522893.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Schmickl, T., and K. Crailsheim. "Trophallaxis within a robotic swarm: bio-inspired communication among robots in a swarm." Autonomous Robots 25, no. 1-2 (2007): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-007-9073-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Fujioka, Haruna, and Yasukazu Okada. "Liquid exchange via stomodeal trophallaxis in the ponerine ant Diacamma sp. from Japan." Journal of Ethology 37, no. 3 (2019): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-019-00602-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

SORENSEN, A. ANN, TANA M. BUSCH, and S. BRADLEIGH VINSON. "Trophallaxis by temporal subcastes in the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, in response to honey." Physiological Entomology 10, no. 1 (1985): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1985.tb00024.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Richard, Freddie-Jeanne, and Christine Errard. "Hygienic Behavior, Liquid-Foraging, and Trophallaxis in the Leaf-Cutting Ants,Acromyrmex subterraneusand Acromyrmexoctospinosus." Journal of Insect Science 9, no. 63 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.009.6301.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Sleigh, Charlotte. "Brave new worlds: Trophallaxis and the origin of society in the early twentieth century." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 38, no. 2 (2002): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.10033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Sommeijer, M. J., and J. W. Veen. "The polygyny of Myrmica rubra: selective oophagy and trophallaxis as mechanisms of reproductive dominance." Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 56, no. 3 (1990): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1990.tb01401.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Camazine, Scott, Karl Crailsheim, Norbert Hrassnigg, Gene E. Robinson, Bernhard Leonhard, and Helga Kropiunigg. "Protein trophallaxis and the regulation of pollen foraging by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)." Apidologie 29, no. 1-2 (1998): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19980107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!