Academic literature on the topic 'Trophic amplification'

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Journal articles on the topic "Trophic amplification"

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Kirby, Richard R., and Gregory Beaugrand. "Trophic amplification of climate warming." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1676 (2009): 4095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.1320.

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Ecosystems can alternate suddenly between contrasting persistent states due to internal processes or external drivers. It is important to understand the mechanisms by which these shifts occur, especially in exploited ecosystems. There have been several abrupt marine ecosystem shifts attributed either to fishing, recent climate change or a combination of these two drivers. We show that temperature has been an important driver of the trophodynamics of the North Sea, a heavily fished marine ecosystem, for nearly 50 years and that a recent pronounced change in temperature established a new ecosyst
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Chust, Guillem, J. Icarus Allen, Laurent Bopp, et al. "Biomass changes and trophic amplification of plankton in a warmer ocean." Global Change Biology 20, no. 7 (2014): 2124–39. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12562.

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Ocean warming can modify the ecophysiology and distribution of marine organisms, and relationships between species, with nonlinear interactions between ecosystem components potentially resulting in trophic amplification. Trophic amplification (or attenuation) describe the propagation of a hydroclimatic signal up the food web, causing magnification (or depression) of biomass values along one or more trophic pathways. We have employed 3-D coupled physical-biogeochemical models to explore ecosystem responses to climate change with a focus on trophic amplification. The response of phytoplankton an
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Stock, C. A., J. P. Dunne, and J. G. John. "Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate." Biogeosciences 11, no. 24 (2014): 7125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-7125-2014.

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Abstract. Pronounced projected 21st century trends in regional oceanic net primary production (NPP) raise the prospect of significant redistributions of marine resources. Recent results further suggest that NPP changes may be amplified at higher trophic levels. Here, we elucidate the role of planktonic food web dynamics in driving projected changes in mesozooplankton production (MESOZP) found to be, on average, twice as large as projected changes in NPP by the latter half of the 21st century under a high emissions scenario in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ESM2M–COBALT (Carbon, Oc
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Stock, C. A., J. P. Dunne, and J. G. John. "Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate." Biogeosciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (2014): 11331–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-11331-2014.

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Abstract. Pronounced projected 21st century trends in regional oceanic net primary production (NPP) raise the prospect of significant redistributions of marine resources. Recent results further suggest that NPP changes may be amplified at higher trophic levels. Here, we elucidate the role of planktonic food web dynamics in driving projected changes in mesozooplankton production (MESOZP) found to be, on average, twice as large as projected changes in NPP by the latter half of the 21st century under a high emissions scenario. Globally, MESOZP was projected to decline by 7.9% but regional MESOZP
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Kwiatkowski, Lester, Olivier Aumont, and Laurent Bopp. "Consistent trophic amplification of marine biomass declines under climate change." Global Change Biology 25, no. 1 (2018): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14468.

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Guibourd de Luzinais, Vianney, Hubert du Pontavice, Gabriel Reygondeau, et al. "Trophic amplification: A model intercomparison of climate driven changes in marine food webs." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0287570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287570.

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Marine animal biomass is expected to decrease in the 21st century due to climate driven changes in ocean environmental conditions. Previous studies suggest that the magnitude of the decline in primary production on apex predators could be amplified through the trophodynamics of marine food webs, leading to larger decreases in the biomass of predators relative to the decrease in primary production, a mechanism called trophic amplification. We compared relative changes in producer and consumer biomass or production in the global ocean to assess the extent of trophic amplification. We used simula
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Chust, Guillem, J. Icarus Allen, Laurent Bopp, et al. "Biomass changes and trophic amplification of plankton in a warmer ocean." Global Change Biology 20, no. 7 (2014): 2124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12562.

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Lotze, Heike K., Derek P. Tittensor, Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz, et al. "Global ensemble projections reveal trophic amplification of ocean biomass declines with climate change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 26 (2019): 12907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900194116.

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While the physical dimensions of climate change are now routinely assessed through multimodel intercomparisons, projected impacts on the global ocean ecosystem generally rely on individual models with a specific set of assumptions. To address these single-model limitations, we present standardized ensemble projections from six global marine ecosystem models forced with two Earth system models and four emission scenarios with and without fishing. We derive average biomass trends and associated uncertainties across the marine food web. Without fishing, mean global animal biomass decreased by 5%
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Lindley, J. A., G. Beaugrand, C. Luczak, J. M. Dewarumez, and R. R. Kirby. "Warm-water decapods and the trophic amplification of climate in the North Sea." Biology Letters 6, no. 6 (2010): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0394.

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A long-term time series of plankton and benthic records in the North Sea indicates an increase in decapods and a decline in their prey species that include bivalves and flatfish recruits. Here, we show that in the southern North Sea the proportion of decapods to bivalves doubled following a temperature-driven, abrupt ecosystem shift during the 1980s. Analysis of decapod larvae in the plankton reveals a greater presence and spatial extent of warm-water species where the increase in decapods is greatest. These changes paralleled the arrival of new species such as the warm-water swimming crab Pol
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Lepère, Cécile, Isabelle Domaizon, and Didier Debroas. "Unexpected Importance of Potential Parasites in the Composition of the Freshwater Small-Eukaryote Community." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 10 (2008): 2940–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01156-07.

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ABSTRACT The diversity of small eukaryotes (0.2 to 5 μm) in a mesotrophic lake (Lake Bourget) was investigated using 18S rRNA gene library construction and fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled with tyramide signal amplification (TSA-FISH). Samples collected from the epilimnion on two dates were used to extend a data set previously obtained using similar approaches for lakes with a range of trophic types. A high level of diversity was recorded for this system with intermediate trophic status, and the main sequences from Lake Bourget were affiliated with ciliates (maximum, 19% of the operat
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Books on the topic "Trophic amplification"

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Nolan, T. J., T. B. Nutman, and G. A. Schad. Strongyloidosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0064.

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Strongyloidosis is an intestinal parasitism caused by the threadworm, Strongyloides stercoralis. The parasite, occurring in dogs, primates and man, is found throughout the moist tropics, as well as in temperate areas where poor sanitation or other factors facilitate the occurrence of faecally transmitted organisms. In some parts of the world, notably Africa and New Guinea, human infections caused by S. fülleborni have been reported. In Africa, the latter is primarily a parasite of primates, but in New Guinea, no animal host is known. S. stercoralis is unique among zoonotic nematodes, in that l
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Book chapters on the topic "Trophic amplification"

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Mishra, Loveneet, Usha Chauhan, S. P. S. Chauhan, and Harshit Singh. "Air Pollution Effects on the Habitat of Insects and Strategic Control to Improve Productivity." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6418-2.ch012.

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Urbanization has significantly worsened the ecosystem by releasing harmful substances and gases into the air through air pollution, which has an impact on the population demographics of insect herbivores. A pest outbreak and the formation of new pest biotypes are caused by the careless application of wide spectrum pesticides, which decimate the population of important pollinators and foragers. The potential efficiency of phloem-feeding homopteran insects such aphids is increased by pollutants like sulphur dioxides, oxides of nitrogen, fluorides, and heavy metals in the environment. Industrial
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"Specimens." In DNA Fingerprinting, edited by Lorne t. Kirby. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780716770015.003.0007.

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The proper handling of specimens for direct storage or DNA extraction and characterization is one of the most important aspects of the profiling procedure. Because DNA typing is not yet a routine test, some laboratories may perform only the isolation portion of the overall analysis and leave the other methodologies to specialized centers. Profiling may never be required for many forensic specimens and only intermediate storage needed. It is essential that smaller centers have at least the facilities to isolate, characterize, and store DNA. A broad range of DNA sources exists. Fresh tissue usua
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