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Journal articles on the topic 'Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Nicholson, S. E., A. I. Barcilon, M. Challa, and J. Baum. "Wave Activity on the Tropical Easterly Jet." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 7 (2007): 2756–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3946.1.

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Abstract This article examines the question of the existence of waves on the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) over West Africa. The TEJ is a well-known feature of the Asian monsoon and waves on the jet have been implicated in various weather phenomena. Its role in West African meteorology has received little attention. A model simulation of wet and dry years over West Africa predicted wave development on the TEJ. NCEP reanalysis data confirmed the existence of these waves, using case studies in the dry year 1983 and the wet year 1950. Both the simulated and observed waves are of planetary scale, wi
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2

Huang, Sihua, Bin Wang, and Zhiping Wen. "Dramatic Weakening of the Tropical Easterly Jet Projected by CMIP6 Models." Journal of Climate 33, no. 19 (2020): 8439–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-1002.1.

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AbstractThe upper-level tropical easterly jet (TEJ) is a crucial component of the summer monsoon system and tropical general circulation. The simulation and projection of the TEJ, however, have not been assessed. Here we evaluate models’ fidelity and assess the future change of the TEJ by utilizing 16 models that participated in phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Most of the models can reproduce the TEJ reasonably well in terms of climatology, seasonal evolution, and interannual variability. Nevertheless, underestimation of the TEJ’s intensity and extent is identifie
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3

Besson, L., and Y. Lemaître. "Mesoscale Convective Systems in Relation to African and Tropical Easterly Jets." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 9 (2014): 3224–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-13-00247.1.

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This paper documents the interaction processes between mesoscale convective systems (MCS), the tropical easterly jet (TEJ), and the African easterly jet (AEJ) over West Africa during the monsoon peak of 2006 observed during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) project. The results highlight the importance of the cloud system localization relative to the jets in order to explain their duration and life cycle. A systematical study reveals that intense and long-lived MCSs correspond to a particular pattern where clouds associated with deep convection are located in entrance regio
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Venkat Ratnam, M., M. Roja Raman, Sanjay Kumar Mehta, et al. "Sub-daily variations observed in Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) streams." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 73, no. 7-8 (2011): 731–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2011.02.005.

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5

Lemburg, Alexander, Jürgen Bader, and Martin Claussen. "Sahel Rainfall–Tropical Easterly Jet Relationship on Synoptic to Intraseasonal Time Scales." Monthly Weather Review 147, no. 5 (2019): 1733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-18-0254.1.

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Abstract The tropical easterly jet (TEJ) is a characteristic upper-level feature of the West African monsoon (WAM) circulation. Moreover, the TEJ over West Africa is significantly correlated with summer Sahel rainfall on interannual and decadal time scales. In contrast, the relationship between Sahel rainfall and the regional TEJ on synoptic to intraseasonal time scales is unclear. Therefore, this relationship is investigated by means of multiple statistical analyses using temporally highly resolved measurement and reanalysis data. It is shown that average correlations between convective activ
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6

Vashisht, Amandeep, Benjamin Zaitchik, and Anand Gnanadesikan. "ENSO Teleconnection to Eastern African Summer Rainfall in Global Climate Models: Role of the Tropical Easterly Jet." Journal of Climate 34, no. 1 (2021): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0222.1.

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AbstractGlobal climate models (GCMs) are critical tools for understanding and projecting climate variability and change, yet the performance of these models is notoriously weak over much of tropical Africa. To improve this situation, process-based studies of African climate dynamics and their representation in GCMs are required. Here, we focus on summer rainfall of eastern Africa (SREA), which is crucial to the Ethiopian Highlands and feeds the flow of the Blue Nile River. The SREA region is highly vulnerable to droughts, with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) being a leading cause of intera
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Abish, B., P. V. Joseph, and Ola M. Johannessen. "Weakening Trend of the Tropical Easterly Jet Stream of the Boreal Summer Monsoon Season 1950–2009." Journal of Climate 26, no. 23 (2013): 9408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00440.1.

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Recent research has reported that the tropical easterly jet stream (TEJ) of the boreal summer monsoon season is weakening. The analysis herein using 60 yr (1950–2009) of data reveals that this weakening of the TEJ is due to the decreasing trend in the upper tropospheric meridional temperature gradient over the area covered by the TEJ. During this period, the upper troposphere over the equatorial Indian Ocean has warmed due to enhanced deep moist convection associated with the rapid warming of the equatorial Indian Ocean. At the same time, a cooling of the upper troposphere has taken place over
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8

Okonkwo, Churchill, Belay Demoz, and Sium Tesfai. "Characterization of West African Jet Streams and Their Association to ENSO Events and Rainfall in ERA-Interim 1979–2011." Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/405617.

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The interannual variability of West African jet streams and their association with rainfall are reexamined using European Reanalysis ERA-Interim 1979–2011. The objective of the study is to characterize their climatology and role in rainfall variability in western Sahel. Wavelet analysis was used on wind speed data and implications to ENSO were discussed subsequently. Our results show that while the low-level African Westerly Jet (AWJ) correlates well with rainfall south of the equator in boreal winter months, the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) and African Easterly Jet (AEJ) correlate better with
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9

Skinner, Christopher B., Moetasim Ashfaq, and Noah S. Diffenbaugh. "Influence of Twenty-First-Century Atmospheric and Sea Surface Temperature Forcing on West African Climate." Journal of Climate 25, no. 2 (2012): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4183.1.

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Abstract The persistence of extended drought events throughout West Africa during the twentieth century has motivated a substantial effort to understand the mechanisms driving African climate variability as well as the possible response to elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing. An ensemble of global climate model experiments is used to examine the relative roles of future direct atmospheric radiative forcing and SST forcing in shaping potential future changes in boreal summer precipitation over West Africa. The authors find that projected increases in precipitation throughout the western Sahel
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Kiflie, K. Abebe, and Li Tao. "Opposite Effects of ENSO on the Rainfall over the Northern and Equatorial Great Horn of Africa and Possible Causes." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (September 3, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9028523.

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In this study, we explore the possible mechanism of opposite ENSO effects on summer rainfall in the JJAS region (northern GHA) and autumn rainfall in the OND region (equatorial GHA). The two regions are identified based on the spatial distribution of high seasonal fractions of annual rainfall for the period 1979–2016. The summer rainfall over the JJAS region is negatively correlated with ENSO. It is because the warm Niño3.4 SST triggers zonal wave one pattern in tropics and forces upper-level westerly anomaly and the low-level easterly anomaly over tropical Africa. Thus, the weakened upper-le
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11

Okoli, Chucks. "The Hydrometeorology of Niger River Basin." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.613.

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This paper examines the mean annual cycle of rainfall and general circulation features over the Niger River Basin consisting of mainly West Africa and Central Africa regions. Rainfall is examined using a 1400-station archive compiled by earlier workers. Other circulation features are examined using the NCEPNCAR reanalysis dataset. Important features of the reanalysis zonal wind field are shown to compare well with the seasonal evolution described by the radiosonde observations. In addition to the well-known African easterly jet (AEJ) of the Northern Hemisphere, the seasonal evolution of its So
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Diedhiou, Arona, and Jean-Francçois Mahfouf. "Comparative influence of land and sea surfaces on the Sahelian drought: a numerical study." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 1 (1996): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0115-6.

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Abstract. The aim of this work is to compare the relative impact of land and sea surface anomalies on Sahel rainfall and to describe the associated anomalies in the atmospheric general circulation. This sensitivity study was done with the Météo-France climate model: ARPEGE. The sensitivity to land surface conditions consists of changes in the management of water and heat exchanges by vegetation cover and bare soil. The sensitivity to ocean surfaces consists in forcing the lower boundary of the model with worldwide composite sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies obtained from the difference b
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13

Berhane, Fisseha, Benjamin Zaitchik, and Amin Dezfuli. "Subseasonal Analysis of Precipitation Variability in the Blue Nile River Basin." Journal of Climate 27, no. 1 (2014): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00094.1.

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Abstract The Ethiopian portion of the Blue Nile River basin is subject to significant interannual variability in precipitation. As this variability has implications for local food security and transboundary water resources, numerous studies have been directed at improved understanding and, potentially, predictability of the Blue Nile rainy season (June–September) precipitation. Taken collectively, these studies present a wide range of large-scale drivers associated with precipitation variability in the Blue Nile: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian summer monsoon, sea level pressur
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14

Akinsanola, A. A., K. O. Ogunjobi, I. E. Gbode, and V. O. Ajayi. "Assessing the Capabilities of Three Regional Climate Models over CORDEX Africa in Simulating West African Summer Monsoon Precipitation." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/935431.

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This study evaluates the ability of three Regional Climate Models (RCMs) used in Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) to simulate the characteristics of rainfall pattern during the West Africa Summer Monsoon from 1998 to 2008. The seasonal climatology, annual rainfall cycles, and wind fields of the RCMs output were assessed over three homogenous subregions and validated using precipitation data from eighty-one (81) ground observation stations and TRMM satellite data. Furthermore, the ability of the RCMs to simulate response to El Nino and La Nina events was assessed. Re
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15

Diba, Ibrahima, Moctar Camara, and Arona Diedhiou. "Investigating West African Monsoon Features in Warm Years Using the Regional Climate Model RegCM4." Atmosphere 10, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10010023.

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This study investigates the changes in West African monsoon features during warm years using the Regional Climate Model version 4.5 (RegCM4.5). The analysis uses 30 years of datasets of rainfall, surface temperature and wind parameters (from 1980 to 2009). We performed a simulation at a spatial resolution of 50 km with the RegCM4.5 model driven by ERA-Interim reanalysis. The rainfall amount is weaker over the Sahel (western and central) and the Guinea region for the warmest years compared to the coldest ones. The analysis of heat fluxes show that the sensible (latent) heat flux is stronger (we
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16

Sreekala, P. P., S. V. Bhaskara Rao, M. S. Arunachalam, and C. Harikiran. "A study on the decreasing trend in tropical easterly jet stream (TEJ) and its impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfall." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 118, no. 1-2 (2013): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-1049-z.

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17

Nicholson, S. E., A. I. Barcilon, and M. Challa. "An Analysis of West African Dynamics Using a Linearized GCM*." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 4 (2008): 1182–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2194.1.

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Abstract This study utilizes a linear, primitive equation spherical model to study the development and propagation of easterly wave disturbances over West Africa. Perturbations are started from an initial disturbance consisting of a barotropic vortex and the governing equations are integrated forward in time. The perturbations are introduced into basic states corresponding to the observed dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics of two wet years in the Sahel and two dry years. The model simulations show consistent contrasts in wave activity between the wet and dry years. The waves are mar
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18

Ghosh, A. K., V. Siva Kumar, K. Kishore Kumar, and A. R. Jain. "VHF radar observation of atmospheric winds, associated shears and <b>C<sup>2</sup></b><b><sub>n</sub></b> at a tropical location: interdependence and seasonal pattern." Annales Geophysicae 19, no. 8 (2001): 965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-19-965-2001.

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Abstract. The turbulence refractivity structure constant (C2n ) is an important parameter of the atmosphere. VHF radars have been used extensively for the measurements of C2n. Presently, most of such observations are from mid and high latitudes and only very limited observations are available for equatorial and tropical latitudes. Indian MST radar is an excellent tool for making high-resolution measurements of atmospheric winds, associated shears and turbulence refractivity structure constant (C2n). This radar is located at Gadanki (13.45° N, 79.18° E), a tropical station in India. The objecti
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19

Diba, Ibrahima, Moctar Camara, Alioune Sarr, and Arona Diedhiou. "Potential Impacts of Land Cover Change on the Interannual Variability of Rainfall and Surface Temperature over West Africa." Atmosphere 9, no. 10 (2018): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100376.

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We used the Abdu Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model version 4.5 (RegCM4.5), to investigate the potential impacts of land cover change of the Sahel–Sahara interface on the West African climate over an interannual timescale from 1990 to 2009. A simulation at 50 km grid spacing is performed with the standard version of the RegCM4.5 model (control run), followed by three vegetation change experiments at the Sahel-Sahara interface (15° N and 20° N): forest, tall grass, and short grass savanna. The impacts of land cover change are assessed by analyzing t
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20

Segele, Zewdu T., Peter J. Lamb, and Lance M. Leslie. "Seasonal-to-Interannual Variability of Ethiopia/Horn of Africa Monsoon. Part I: Associations of Wavelet-Filtered Large-Scale Atmospheric Circulation and Global Sea Surface Temperature." Journal of Climate 22, no. 12 (2009): 3396–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2859.1.

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Abstract Horn of Africa rainfall varies on multiple time scales, but the underlying climate system controls on this variability have not been examined comprehensively. This study therefore investigates the linkages between June–September Horn of Africa (especially Ethiopian) rainfall and regional atmospheric circulation and global sea surface temperature (SST) variations on several key time scales. Wavelet analysis of 5-day average or monthly total rainfall for 1970–99 identifies the dominant coherent modes of rainfall variability. Several regional atmospheric variables and global SST are then
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21

Ansah, S. O., M. A. Ahiataku, C. K. Yorke, et al. "Meteorological Analysis of Floods in Ghana." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4230627.

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The first episodes of floods caused by heavy rainfall during the major rainy season in 2018 occurred in Accra (5.6°N and 0.17°W), a coastal town, and Kumasi (6.72°N and 1.6°W) in the forest region on the 18th and 28th of June, respectively. We applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate and examine the meteorological dynamics, which resulted in the extreme rainfall and floods that caused 14 deaths, 34076 people being displaced with damaged properties, and economic loss estimated at $168,289 for the two cities according to the National Disaster Management Organizatio
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NAMBOODIRI, K. V. S., P. K. DILEEP, and KOSHY MAMMEN. "Wind steadiness up to 35 km and its variability before the southwest monsoon onset and the withdrawal." MAUSAM 63, no. 2 (2021): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i2.1400.

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This paper brings out mainly on the quantitative approach to delineate wind direction variability through Wind Steadiness Factor (WSF) - a single parameter which depends on height, wind speed and wind direction. This can be used as a prognostic parameter for the onset and withdrawal of south west monsoon (SW Monsoon) over Kerala. A brief sketch on wind climatology up to 35 km over TERLS (8° 32' N / 76° 52' E) is also discussed to have a background knowledge. From the derived WSF climatology, it is seen that the region between 12.5 km to 18 km is of highest WSF during the SW Monsoon due to the
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Achugbu, Ifeanyi C., Jimy Dudhia, Ayorinde A. Olufayo, Ifeoluwa A. Balogun, Elijah A. Adefisan, and Imoleayo E. Gbode. "Assessment of WRF Land Surface Model Performance over West Africa." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (August 7, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6205308.

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Simulations with four land surface models (LSMs) (i.e., Noah, Noah-MP, Noah-MP with ground water GW option, and CLM4) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 12 km horizontal grid resolution were carried out as two sets for 3 months (December–February 2011/2012 and July–September 2012) over West Africa. The objective is to assess the performance of WRF LSMs in simulating meteorological parameters over West Africa. The model precipitation was assessed against TRMM while surface temperature was compared with the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset. Results show that the LSMs perform
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Barret, B., P. Ricaud, C. Mari, et al. "Transport pathways of CO in the African upper troposphere during the monsoon season: a study based upon the assimilation of spaceborne observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (2008): 2863–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2863-2008.

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Abstract. The transport pathways of carbon monoxide (CO) in the African Upper Troposphere (UT) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) is investigated through the assimilation of CO observations by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in the MOCAGE Chemistry Transport Model (CTM). The assimilation setup, based on a 3-D First Guess at Assimilation Time (3-D-FGAT) variational method is described. Comparisons between the assimilated CO fields and in situ airborne observations from the MOZAIC program between Europe and both Southern Africa and Southeast Asia show an overall good agreement around th
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Barret, B., P. Ricaud, C. Mari, et al. "Transport pathways of CO in the African upper troposphere during the monsoon season: a study based upon the assimilation of spaceborne observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 12 (2008): 3231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-3231-2008.

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Abstract. The transport pathways of carbon monoxide (CO) in the African Upper Troposphere (UT) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) is investigated through the assimilation of CO observations by the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in the MOCAGE Chemistry Transport Model (CTM). The assimilation setup, based on a 3-D First Guess at Assimilation Time (3-D-FGAT) variational method is described. Comparisons between the assimilated CO fields and in situ airborne observations from the MOZAIC program between Europe and both Southern Africa and Southeast Asia show an overall good agreement around th
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26

Chen, Tsing-Chang, and Harry van Loon. "Interannual Variation of the Tropical Easterly Jet." Monthly Weather Review 115, no. 8 (1987): 1739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1739:ivotte>2.0.co;2.

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Sathiyamoorthy, V., P. K. Pal, and P. C. Joshi. "Intraseasonal variability of the Tropical Easterly Jet." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 96, no. 3-4 (2006): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00703-006-0214-7.

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Wang, Shih-Yu, and Robert R. Gillies. "Observed Change in Sahel Rainfall, Circulations, African Easterly Waves, and Atlantic Hurricanes Since 1979." International Journal of Geophysics 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/259529.

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Here, we examine the dynamic properties associated with the recent increase in the Sahel rainfall using an ensemble of five global reanalysis datasets (1979–2010). The rainfall that has been observed to be increasing over the Sahel is accounted for by enhancements in both the tropical easterly jet and the African easterly jet, both of which are known to induce wet anomalies. Moreover, positional shifts in the African easterly jet and African easterly waves (AEWs) accompanied the northward migration of the Sahel rainband. Change in the African easterly jet and AEWs are coupled to a northward sh
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Wu, Man-Li C., Oreste Reale, Siegfried D. Schubert, Max J. Suarez, Randy D. Koster, and Philip J. Pegion. "African Easterly Jet: Structure and Maintenance." Journal of Climate 22, no. 17 (2009): 4459–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2584.1.

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Abstract This article investigates the African easterly jet (AEJ), its structure, and the forcings contributing to its maintenance, critically revisiting previous work that attributed the maintenance of the jet to soil moisture gradients over tropical Africa. A state-of-the-art global model in a high-end computer framework is used to produce a three-member 73-yr ensemble run forced by observed SST to represent the control run. The AEJ as produced by the control is compared with the representation of the AEJ in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and other observational datasets and found to b
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Wu, Man-Li C., Oreste Reale, Siegfried D. Schubert, Max J. Suarez, and Chris D. Thorncroft. "African Easterly Jet: Barotropic Instability, Waves, and Cyclogenesis." Journal of Climate 25, no. 5 (2012): 1489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4241.1.

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This study investigates the structure of the African easterly jet, focusing on instability processes on a seasonal and subseasonal scale, with the goal of identifying features that could provide increased predictability of Atlantic tropical cyclogenesis. The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) is used as the main investigating tool. MERRA is compared with other reanalyses datasets from major operational centers around the world and was found to describe very effectively the circulation over the African monsoon region. In particular, a comparison with precipi
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Chen, Tsing-Chang, Shih-Yu Wang, and Adam J. Clark. "North Atlantic Hurricanes Contributed by African Easterly Waves North and South of the African Easterly Jet." Journal of Climate 21, no. 24 (2008): 6767–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2523.1.

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Abstract A majority of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic develop from African easterly waves (AEWs), which originate along both the southern and northern flanks of the midtropospheric African easterly jet (AEWS and AEWn, respectively). The purpose of this note is to identify the contribution of AEWSs and AEWns to North Atlantic tropical cyclones that develop from AEWs. Applying a manual backtracking approach to identify the genesis locations of AEWS, it was found that the population ratio of tropical cyclones formed from AEWSs to those formed from AEWns is 1:1.2. Because the population r
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Hulme, M., and N. Tosdevin. "The Tropical easterly Jet and Sudan rainfall: A review." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 39, no. 4 (1989): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00867945.

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Hitchcock, Peter, Peter H. Haynes, William J. Randel, and Thomas Birner. "The Emergence of Shallow Easterly Jets within QBO Westerlies." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 1 (2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0108.1.

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A configuration of an idealized general circulation model has been obtained in which a deep, stratospheric, equatorial, westerly jet is established that is spontaneously and quasi-periodically disrupted by shallow easterly jets. Similar to the disruption of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) observed in early 2016, meridional fluxes of wave activity are found to play a central role. The possible relevance of two feedback mechanisms to these disruptions is considered. The first involves the secondary circulation produced in the shear zones on the upper and lower flanks of the easterly jet. Th
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Lenouo, A., F. Nkankam Kamga, and E. Yepdjuo. "Weak interaction in the African Easterly Jet." Annales Geophysicae 23, no. 5 (2005): 1637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1637-2005.

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Abstract. Low-frequency, African Easterlies Waves (AEW) are examined as disturbances embedded in the mid-tropospheric easterly jet of the African low troposphere. The solution to the nonlinear vorticity equation relevant to the description of waves is sought in the form of triplet waves. The latest suggest a unified method to determine their kinetics characteristic and to explain the mechanism of energy exchange between their different modes. The period of energy interaction between different modes of the global wave is equal to 3.5 days when the wave packet is moving with a group velocity dep
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Narayana Rao, D., S. Thulasiraman, S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao, et al. "VHF radar observations of tropical easterly jet stream over gadanki." Advances in Space Research 26, no. 6 (2000): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(00)00034-x.

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36

Jury, Mark R. "Convective Outbreak over the Red Sea and Downstream Easterly Waves." Earth Interactions 20, no. 21 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-16-0009.1.

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Abstract This study analyzes a convective outbreak over the Red Sea on 25 August 2009 that generated easterly waves over the Sahel, floods in Ouagadougou, and a hurricane in the east Atlantic. The convective outbreak occurred on the equatorward flank of the African easterly jet 18°–22°N and associated meridional heating gradients over the Arabian Peninsula. The Rift Valley mountains induced a vertical orographic undulation and cyclonic perturbation. Two thunderstorm clusters over the southern Red Sea received moist inflow from the Ethiopian highlands and northern Red Sea. This group of three e
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Dunkerton, T. J., M. T. Montgomery, and Z. Wang. "Tropical cyclogenesis in a tropical wave critical layer: easterly waves." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 3 (2008): 11149–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-11149-2008.

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Abstract. The development of tropical depressions within tropical waves over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific is usually preceded by a "surface low along the wave" as if to suggest a hybrid wave-vortex structure in which flow streamlines not only undulate with the waves, but form a closed circulation in the lower troposphere surrounding the low. This structure, equatorward of the easterly jet axis, resembles the familiar critical layer of waves in shear flow, a flow configuration which arguably provides the simplest conceptual framework for tropical cyclogenesis resulting from tropical waves,
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38

Dunkerton, T. J., M. T. Montgomery, and Z. Wang. "Tropical cyclogenesis in a tropical wave critical layer: easterly waves." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 15 (2009): 5587–646. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5587-2009.

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Abstract. The development of tropical depressions within tropical waves over the Atlantic and eastern Pacific is usually preceded by a "surface low along the wave" as if to suggest a hybrid wave-vortex structure in which flow streamlines not only undulate with the waves, but form a closed circulation in the lower troposphere surrounding the low. This structure, equatorward of the easterly jet axis, is identified herein as the familiar critical layer of waves in shear flow, a flow configuration which arguably provides the simplest conceptual framework for tropical cyclogenesis resulting from tr
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39

Asaadi, Ali, Gilbert Brunet, and M. K. Yau. "On the Dynamics of the Formation of the Kelvin Cat’s-Eye in Tropical Cyclogenesis. Part I: Climatological Investigation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 6 (2016): 2317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0156.1.

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Abstract Motivated by Dunkerton et al., a climatological study of 54 developing easterly waves in 1998–2001 was performed. Time-lagged composites in a translating reference frame following the disturbances indicate a weak meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient of the easterly jet and a cyclonic critical layer located slightly to the south of the weak PV gradient, consistent with previous findings in the marsupial paradigm. Using a closed PV contour as a criterion for the formation of the cat’s-eye, it was shown that on average it takes ~2.6 days for open PV contours to transform to a clo
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40

Lannuque, Victor, Bastien Sauvage, Brice Barret, et al. "Origins and characterization of CO and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in the African upper troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 19 (2021): 14535–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14535-2021.

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Abstract. Between December 2005 and 2013, the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) program produced almost daily in situ measurements of CO and O3 between Europe and southern Africa. IAGOS data combined with measurements from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument aboard the Metop-A satellite (2008–2013) are used to characterize meridional distributions and seasonality of CO and O3 in the African upper troposphere (UT). The FLEXPART particle dispersion model and the SOFT-IO model which combines the FLEXPART model with CO emission inventories are
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41

Jingxi, Lu, and Ding Yihui. "Climatic study on the summer tropical easterly jet at 200 hPa." Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 6, no. 2 (1989): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02658017.

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42

Mishra, S. K. "Linear Barotropic Instability of the Tropical Easterly Jet on a Sphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 44, no. 2 (1987): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<0373:lbiott>2.0.co;2.

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43

Sathiyamoorthy, V. "Large scale reduction in the size of the Tropical Easterly Jet." Geophysical Research Letters 32, no. 14 (2005): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005gl022956.

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44

SINGH, O. P., K. RUPA KUMAR, P. K. MISHRA, K. KRISHNA KUMAR, and S. K. PATWARDHAN. "Simulation of characteristic features of Asian summer monsoon using a regional climate model." MAUSAM 57, no. 2 (2021): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v57i2.469.

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Lkkj &amp; bl 'kks/k&amp;i= esa HkweaMyh; tyok;q ifjorZu ds ifj.kkeLo:i 'krkCnh ds e/; ¼2041&amp;60½ ds nkSjku ,f’k;kbZ xzh"edkyhu ekulwu ds fof’k"V y{k.kksa dk iwokZuqeku djus ds mÌs’; ls vuqdj.k iz;ksxksa ds ifj.kke izLrqr fd, x, gSaA blds fy, gSMys tyok;q iwokZuqeku vkSj vuqla/kku dsUnz] ;w- ds- dk {ks=h; tyok;q ekWMy gSM vkj- ,e- 2 dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ,f’k;kbZ {ks= ds fy, 20 o"kksZa dh vof/k ds nks vuqdj.k iz;ksx fd, x, gSa uker% igyk] 1990 Lrjksa ds vuq:i xzhu gkml xSl lkanz.k dh fu/kkZfjr ek=k] ftls dUVªksy ¼lh- Vh- ,y-½ iz;ksx dgk x;k gS vkSj nwljk 1990 ls ysdj 2041&amp;60 rd ds fy,
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45

Longandjo, Georges-Noel T., and Mathieu Rouault. "On the Structure of the Regional-Scale Circulation over Central Africa: Seasonal Evolution, Variability, and Mechanisms." Journal of Climate 33, no. 1 (2020): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0176.1.

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AbstractAtmospheric circulation over central Africa is dominated by the tropical easterly jet, the African easterly jet, and the low-level westerly jet. In the lower troposphere, a zonal overturning cell occurs over central Africa, but the mechanisms driving its formation, seasonal evolution, and variability are still unclear. Here, using reanalyses (ERA-Interim, NCEP-2, and JRA-55) and the ECHAM5.3 atmospheric model forced by observed sea surface temperature, we highlight the existence, in the lower troposphere, of a separated single, closed, counterclockwise, and shallow zonal overturning ce
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46

Mishra, S. K. "Nonlinear Barotropic Instability of Upper-Tropospheric Tropical Easterly Jet on the Sphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 50, no. 21 (1993): 3541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<3541:nbiout>2.0.co;2.

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47

CHEN, TSING-CHANG, and MING-CHENG YEN. "Intraseasonal variations of the tropical easterly jet during the 1979 northern summer." Tellus A 43, no. 3 (1991): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1991.t01-2-00004.x.

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48

Chen, Tsing-Chang, and Ming-Cheng Yen. "Intraseasonal variations of the tropical easterly jet during the 1979 northern summer." Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 43, no. 3 (1991): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v43i3.11928.

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49

Berry, Gareth, Chris Thorncroft, and Tim Hewson. "African Easterly Waves during 2004—Analysis Using Objective Techniques." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 4 (2007): 1251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3343.1.

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Abstract African easterly waves (AEWs) are identified in numerical model analyses using an objective technique based on the 700-hPa streamfunction field. This method has been developed to (i) reduce the amount of manual data interpretation, (ii) reduce the likelihood of unrelated phenomena being identified as AEWs, and (iii) facilitate completely objective comparisons between AEWs with different structures on multiple scales, in order to describe their variability. Results show this method performs well when compared to methods of AEW identification used in previous studies. The objective tech
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50

Lenouo, Andre, and Francois Kamga Nkankam. "Solitary Rossby Waves in the Lower Tropical Troposphere." ISRN Atmospheric Sciences 2013 (June 2, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/124965.

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Weakly nonlinear approximation is used to study the theoretical comportment of large-scale disturbances around the intertropical midtropospheric jet. We show here that the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) theory is appropriated to describe the structure of the streamlines around the African easterly jet (AEJ) region. The introduction of the additional velocity of the soliton C1 permits to search the stage where the configuration of the wave structures is going to emerge out of specified initial conditions and this is the direct and inverse cascade method. It was also shown that the configurations of di
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